Arranging an attic in a private house allows you to increase the usable area. To do this, a roof is erected, the design of which can be different. Therefore, before construction, it is important to design, which involves taking into account all the features of the roof.

Characteristics of types of mansard roofs

A standard gable roof is easy to erect and does not require much time.

Pointed options are less popular than standard ones. This is due to the fact that such structures have a slope angle of 60° and are suitable for narrow houses, the width of which does not exceed 6 m. The construction of a pointed roof will require more materials than for a standard roof. At the same time, the ceiling height in the attic is much higher, which is not always convenient.

Pointed roofs are impressive in appearance, but impractical in operation.

To erect a gable mansard roof, a hanging type rafter system is required, where the frame beams rest on each other at the roof ridge and are fixed to the load-bearing walls of the building. At the same time, there are no central supports that can be used when constructing a roof with a regular attic rather than an attic. Before construction, you need to create an individual drawing of the future rafter system, indicating the location of each element. This process is best carried out with the help of professionals in this matter.

The hanging rafter system lacks a central support

It is worth considering that the useful area of ​​the future attic depends on the angle of inclination and the parameters of the building. The greater the width of the house, the higher the slope of the slopes is required to ensure an attic ceiling height of 2.2 m, which is the minimum for the highest point of the roof.

Before construction, it is worth determining the purpose of the attic and the required usable volume of the room.

The main features of a gable mansard roof are expressed as follows:

• the standard version of the gable roof allows you to get more usable space than the gabled type;
• construction according to a drawing with ready-made dimensions of elements is easy to carry out independently;
• Any roof covering is suitable for a gable roof, for example, metal tiles or soft roofing;
• The roofing pie includes a vapor barrier, rafters, insulation, waterproofing, and roofing.

Roofing pie requires the use of high-quality materials for comfort in the attic

Video: erection of rafters for a gable mansard roof

Single pitch attic roof

One of the simplest types of mansard roofs is a shed roof, which has only one inclined plane. To equip a living space under such a roof, you need a rafter system, the parameters of which should ensure comfortable operation of the attic. During design and construction, the roof slope is placed on the leeward side, and the optimal angle of inclination is 40°. Construction costs are significantly less than for a gable structure.

A pitched roof is easy to construct and looks very impressive.

The main feature of a single-pitched attic roof is that on the side of the slope the load on the load-bearing wall is greater than on the other. Therefore, during construction, it is important to maintain an inclination angle of at least 40° and further strengthen the rafters. This will avoid snow drifts and reduce the load on the coating. To determine the exact angle, the type of roofing, snow load, and building parameters are taken into account.

A simple drawing and minimal calculation will ensure the creation of a comfortable attic

You can calculate the slope angle depending on the intended roof covering. For a soft roof, a slope of 5° is recommended, for corrugated sheeting - 8°, for metal tiles - 30°. When calculating the slope, the formulas L bc = L сд *tgA and L c = L bc / sinA are used, in which: L bc is the length of the walls, measured between the rafters and the ridge, L сд is the length of the walls of the building, Lc is the length of the beams (rafter legs ), A is the accepted angle of inclination of the slope, according to the selected material. The values ​​of tangent tgA and sine sinA are calculated using Bradis tables.

Shed roofs are best suited for warm climates

When calculating, the following features are taken into account:

• if the slope is less than 30° and the span is up to 4.6 m, then the rafter legs rest on the mauerlat;
• with a span of 4.6–16 m, additional supports are installed, and on the highest wall a beam made of timber with a section of 10x15 cm is laid;
• if the span is 6–15 m, then an additional floor is laid in the center, parallel to the walls;
• when the building length is more than 15 m, the installation of two vertical supports is required, and the racks under one rafter are connected with a lintel. The step between the beds should not be more than 6 m.

Many roofing indicators depend on the building parameters

Video: erecting a pitched roof of a house

Attic with hipped roof

Thanks to the construction of a hipped roof, it is possible to obtain a spacious and comfortable attic. Several types of structures are called four-slope, among which the most common is. This design has rectangular slopes along the length of each side of the house, consisting of two planes. This option allows you to get a spacious attic without significant construction costs.

A broken mansard roof can be equipped with a “cuckoo” with a window

The slope of the upper slopes can be 20–30°, and the angle of the lower ones is often 60–80°. These parameters are suitable for buildings with a width of no more than 6 m. The frame of the structure consists of trusses that require reinforcement of the rafters with racks. In places where the side slopes are broken, stretch marks are installed.

A sloping roof is a gable roof, but is ideal for creating a spacious attic

The Danish roof is a type of hip roof and differs from the classic hip roof in that it has gables in the upper part. Thanks to this, the attic can be equipped with vertical windows and prevent leaks through the cracks in the area of ​​these openings.

Straight rafters rest on a ridge, the length of which depends on the parameters of the building

It is best to entrust the calculation of a hipped roof, as well as drawing up a drawing, to a professional. Only after these stages is the construction of the structure taking into account the location of each element.

Video: features of the construction of a hipped roof

Hip roof with attic

A classic hip roof requires four slopes, two of which are located at the ends of the building and have a triangular shape. The other two slopes are trapezoidal in shape. All surfaces are connected at the ridge of the roof. The calculation of such a design is complex and requires professionalism and knowledge of the intricacies of design.

The classic hip roof is practical to use and beautiful in appearance

The highest ceiling height in the attic under such a roof is in the middle of the room. The corner space is not the most functional, but often serves to place low pieces of furniture and things. In this case, the rafters of long slopes are arranged in the same way as for a gable roof. The ridge does not run along the entire length of the building, since slopes are installed at the ends.

The rafter system of a hip roof is simple, but an accurate calculation of the parameters of each element is required

The classic hip roof is characterized by the fact that it does not have gables, like a gable roof. Thanks to this, wind resistance and snow load are significantly lower than when there are only two slopes. To achieve a spectacular appearance and functionality, a hip roof can be equipped with bay windows, a balcony, and additional overhangs, but the arrangement of each element is calculated individually, taking into account the parameters of the building and the climatic features of the region.

Windows located under a ledge with a roof are reliably protected from leaks

Arranging windows not on ledges, but on the roof is optimal only for regions with low rainfall and a warm climate. When there is a heavy snow load, windows are exposed to precipitation and cracks and leaks appear. And also, the construction of a hip roof is more expensive than a simple gable roof.

Video: step-by-step construction of a hip mansard roof

Half hip roof

The half-hip roof has shortened end slopes that match the gables. Short hips do not reduce the height of the ceiling in the attic and therefore the room is more convenient for use.

A half-hip roof is more complex to design than a hip roof

The design of a half-hip roof involves a more complex rafter system than for the hip version. In this case, the rafters can be layered or hanging. In the first case, the rafter legs rest on the ridge beam, the internal load-bearing walls of the house and the mauerlat, and the hanging legs are fixed only on the mauerlat and the ridge. The cross-section, length and number of rafters are determined depending on the size of the roof. The optimal distance between the rafters is 50–60 cm, but it all depends on the weight of the roofing material and climatic factors.

The overhang can have different lengths depending on the functions assigned to it, for example, as a veranda canopy

The construction of a half-hip roof for an attic is characterized by high consumption of building materials, complexity of calculations and the need for professional skills. It is worth considering that the end walls are erected depending on the shape of the future half-hip roof and the size of the hips, as well as the angle of inclination.

Video: features of a half-hip roof

Multi-gable attic roof

Multi-gable roofing is a complex of several corner projections that form the internal corners of the roof. This option is suitable for large buildings, since a multi-gable roof is quite voluminous and requires stable load-bearing walls. The complexity of the design is complemented by the fact that an attic will be built under the roof, requiring a ceiling height of 2.2 m and a large usable volume of space.

A multi-gable roof with an attic is a complex element that requires professional design

A large number of protrusions requires the construction of a rafter system, the weight of which is significantly greater than that of a gable or hip one. Therefore, load-bearing walls must be as strong as possible, and the load calculation is carried out after accurately calculating the weight of roofing materials, rafters, and insulation, taking into account the roof area.

The multi-gable rafter system is very complex both in design and construction

One of the main difficulties of constructing a multi-gable roof is that it is necessary to carefully waterproof and strengthen the internal corners and roof valleys. This will ensure the strength, tightness and durability of the structure.

Video: creating a multi-gable roof valley

Hip roof of a house with an attic

For square-shaped houses, a hip roof shape is suitable, under which it is easy to arrange an attic. The design has 4 or more slopes of equal size. The design of a hip roof is carried out with the obligatory intervention of professional craftsmen, since the structure is very complex and requires extremely accurate calculations of the roof’s weight, resistance to wind, and resistance to snow loads.

Hip roofs are varied, but difficult to construct independently

The complexity of a hip roof depends on the number of slopes. The more such elements, the more complex the rafter system installed under each slope. The highest ceiling height in the attic is in the middle of the room, and at the edges the space is not actively used due to the low ceiling.

The attic under the hip roof has a small area

The design of the hipped hipped roof contains 4 main rafter legs, supplemented by trusses. The presence of several inclined slopes reduces the roof's resistance to wind and minimizes snow load. To calculate the length of the rafters, you need to determine the center at which the ends of the rafter legs will connect. The distance between the extensions, racks and other parts is calculated individually.

Video: features of a hip roof using a model as an example

Attic under an asymmetrical roof

Gable roofs are symmetrical because they have two identical slopes. If you lengthen one of the roofing surfaces, you will get an asymmetrical roof, under which it is easy to equip an attic. In this way, you can combine structures that are easy to construct, giving the house an original look and creating a functional attic.

When creating an asymmetrical roof, it is important to accurately calculate the load and make it uniform on each load-bearing wall

Asymmetrical designs, despite their simplicity, require accurate calculation of parameters. It is important to ensure a uniform load on each load-bearing wall, because one slope is longer than the other and, accordingly, has more weight. The central rib or ridge can be located either in the middle or be shifted to any side.

Asymmetrical roofing is suitable for buildings up to 3 floors high

When erecting an asymmetrical roof, it is worth considering that the usable space of the attic on one side will be larger than on the other. Therefore, it is necessary to create in advance not only a drawing of the roof, but also a design of the attic with the location of the functional areas.

Mansard roofs: features of installation and selection of materials

A residential and functional attic must be carefully protected from moisture, cold and wind. Therefore, during construction, a roofing pie is constructed, which includes several layers that provide an optimal atmosphere in the attic.

A roofing pie is required for both the attic and a warm attic.

When building a roof for a residential attic space, it is worth considering the following features:

• the choice of high quality materials is the key to the durability and comfort of the attic;
• windows should be protected as much as possible from rain, wind and snow, since these openings are a vulnerable area of ​​the roof;
• all wooden elements of the roof must be treated with an antiseptic or a means to protect the wood from moisture;
• roof ventilation is ensured using a ventilated ridge, a ventilation gap between the waterproofing and the roofing;
• the use of lightweight roofing materials, for example, corrugated sheets and metal tiles, will reduce the load on the foundation and walls of the building.

Main stages of work

There are no universal instructions for building an attic roof, but there is a certain sequence of work. This allows for the phased construction of a roof with an attic and takes into account some important points.

The roofing pie is created in stages using high-quality materials

The main actions are as follows:

1. During the design process, the parameters of the roof and each of its elements are calculated, for example, the cross-section of the rafters is calculated, depending on their length and angle of inclination. A drawing is created that shows the location of each element.
2. After design, they begin preparing and cutting the rafters, installing rafter legs and additional elements.
3. To attach the rafters, you need a Mauerlat, which is made from timber. The rafter legs are fixed to it.
4. After creating the frame, a waterproofing film is laid on it, reinforced with staples and secured with lathing slats.
5. The roofing covering is installed on top of the sheathing. In valleys or under soft roofs, continuous sheathing is required.
6. From the inside, insulation, for example, mineral wool slabs, is laid between the rafters. Then a vapor barrier film is attached to the rafters, taking into account that there must be a gap of 5 cm between the insulation and the vapor barrier for ventilation. If such a gap is not provided, you need to build up the rafters with additional boards.
7. After installing the vapor barrier, the attic can be finished.

Photo gallery: mansard roof options

Unusual architectural solutions can only be implemented by professional craftsmen A half-hip roof may have windows protected by projections An original roof requires a careful approach and competent calculation of parameters The hip hip roof consists of two triangular and two trapezoidal slopes The broken shape of the roof makes the attic spacious and the house beautiful The half-hip design is suitable for a house of any number of storeys The multi-tongue version is difficult to construct, but has a solid appearance The gable roof is simple and easy to use A simple hip roof has slopes connected in the middle

Features of the operation of attic roofs

The roof must reliably protect not only the attic, but the entire house as a whole. Therefore, for construction you need to choose high-quality materials that do not require careful maintenance. When operating, you should also follow these rules:

• Do not clear the roof of snow with sharp or very heavy tools, as this can lead to damage to the coating and leaks;
• external holes in the roof are promptly sealed with materials that provide waterproofing;
• Roofs of any type must be equipped with drainage systems to quickly remove moisture;
• The interior decoration of the attic roof can be as light and simple as possible, which will ensure quick repairs in case of leaks.

Mansard roofs solve two problems at once - they create additional free space and add zest to the exterior of the building. Thus, you can make a lounge or bedroom, saving on the construction of the upper floor of private houses. To use space efficiently, all that remains is to choose a suitable project and compact furniture. It is worth considering how the roofs of houses with an attic are planned.

What should an attic look like?

To get the ideal attic, it is better to prepare its design at the stage of building the house. The planning of the living space affects the placement of the load-bearing elements of the roof. When you have to equip a room in already built private houses, difficulties arise with laying thermal insulation, locating stairs, and ordering doors and windows. Wooden elements require protective treatment.

Most often, attics are planned under roofs:

• broken gables;
• gable.

A gable roof is often found in photos of private houses built in a traditional style. This roof consists of two intersecting rectangles. It has a simple design, but at the same time the project looks neat and cute.

Important! The best option for an attic is a gable sloping roof with sloping rafters; this design leaves maximum usable space.

Coniferous trees are used to make rafters. The material is thoroughly sanded and dried. Humidity should not exceed 18%. Otherwise, the rafters may become deformed over time, which will lead to distortion of the entire building.

Types of house roofs for attic installation

Depending on the type of roofing of private houses, the area of ​​the attic will vary. Also, its design will affect the overall cost of construction. The following are the most common types of roofs, their advantages and disadvantages.

Single-pitch

Shed roofs are affordable and easy to install. In this case, the roofing sheet rests on load-bearing walls that differ in height.

Shed roofs are rarely used in residential construction. More often, these types are used when arranging garages and utility rooms, rather than private houses. The space under them is extremely inconvenient to use for decorating an attic.

Gable

Gable roofs are very common; such a project can be called a classic one. Such a roof consists of two parts, which are connected at the intersection by a metal ridge. However, the size of the canvases and the angle at which they are fixed may differ.

Gable roofs are considered the most functional. The space under them can be conveniently used for arranging an attic.

Hip

Hip roofs are a more complex design of gable roofs. Instead of outer walls, called pediments, they have triangular slopes (hips). As the projects show, windows are often placed on them.

Hip roofs look very interesting in the photo. Due to their complex design, their design and construction should be entrusted to specialists. These types of roofing are better able to withstand strong winds and precipitation. In private houses and cottages, hip roofs are most often installed. There is quite a lot of space underneath for an attic.

Attention! Another option for a roof with hips is a hip roof. It is designed from triangular slopes, of which there can be 4 or more. They are held in place by metal skates and converge at the very top in the center.

Broken

A sloping roof is essentially the same as a gable roof, but the roof sheets have a break. In the photo you can see projects with windows on the gables.

The advantage of a sloping roof is that its streamlined shape makes it resistant to gusts of wind. There is also enough space underneath for arranging a living room.

Combined

Combined roofs are suitable for constructing balconies and attics. They look very original in the photo, but require considerable costs for design and construction.

What types of attic are there?

The type of attic is determined by the project and the wishes of the residents. The following main types are presented: single-level and two-level.

Single-level

It is easier to arrange a single-level attic on the roof. It does not require lengthy calculations. The following are the types of such attics, there are three in total.

1. Attic under a gable roof. Due to the location of the roof panels, nothing prevents the convergence of precipitation. Therefore, this version of the attic roof is the simplest and most practical.
2. Attic under a sloping roof. It’s a little more difficult to arrange such a room, but it turns out to have smooth walls and a full ceiling. In the photo, such a house looks original.
3. Attic with remote consoles. The most labor-intensive version of the mansard roof. However, with this type of roofing, a large room is obtained in the attic. The canopy that results from the displacement of the roof is often used to build a veranda or garage.

Two-level

A two-level attic contains two rooms, located, as the name suggests, on different levels. Sometimes it stands out as a separate project. It is distinguished by the presence of supports of a mixed type.

Advantages of installing an attic

The mansard roof has a number of advantages.

1. Additional living space. In the attic you can make a relaxation room, bedroom or study.
2. Thermal insulation. If the house has a residential attic, heat loss through the ceiling is noticeably reduced.
3. Allows you to reduce the total area of ​​land for construction.
4. You can increase the living space of an already built house.
5. Set up in a short time.
6. Allows you to get another full-fledged room with minimal investment.

Important! To make the most of the space, you should choose small-sized furniture.

What features should be considered when choosing materials and furniture

The mansard roof also has certain disadvantages. The following are recommendations that should be considered when choosing building materials and furniture for the upper room.

1. Select high-quality vapor and waterproofing. Considering the location of the materials, they should be light so as not to weigh down the structure. Good materials will allow you to maintain comfortable air humidity in the room.
2. Ensure sufficient thermal insulation. This is very important for an attic room to prevent heat loss.
3. If the structural elements are made of wood, they are treated with an antiseptic.
4. For interior decoration, light-weight materials (for example, drywall) should be used.
5. You need to select furniture taking into account the sloping ceiling.

How to arrange an attic

To maintain a favorable microclimate in the attic, the following layers are arranged in order.

1. Ventilation. The best option would be to install two ventilation gaps. The first is done under the roofing; it is designed to remove moisture from under the “roofing cake”. The second is located above the insulation layer and eliminates accumulated steam.
2. Vapor barrier. This layer prevents condensation from forming and the insulation getting wet.
3. Thermal insulation. A layer of special material does not let cold air from the street into the room and does not allow heat to escape outside.
4. Sheathing and rafters. Due to these structural elements, the load is evenly distributed across the walls. Made from wooden beams.
5. Waterproofing. A layer of this material is necessary to prevent moisture from entering.
6. Roofing film. Needed to protect insulation and rafters.
7. Roofing material. This is the final layer that protects against adverse environmental influences.

The mansard roof has an original appearance in the photo and allows you to increase the living space of the house. By following the recommendations for choosing materials and furniture, you can arrange a full-fledged and spacious room in the attic.

Arranging an attic in a private house allows you to increase the usable area. To do this, a roof is erected, the design of which can be different. Therefore, before construction, it is important to design, which involves taking into account all the features of the roof.

Characteristics of types of mansard roofs

A standard gable roof is easy to erect and does not require much time.

Pointed options are less popular than standard ones. This is due to the fact that such structures have a slope angle of 60° and are suitable for narrow houses, the width of which does not exceed 6 m. The construction of a pointed roof will require more materials than for a standard roof. At the same time, the ceiling height in the attic is much higher, which is not always convenient.

Pointed roofs are impressive in appearance, but impractical in operation.

To erect a gable mansard roof, a hanging type rafter system is required, where the frame beams rest on each other at the roof ridge and are fixed to the load-bearing walls of the building. At the same time, there are no central supports that can be used when constructing a roof with a regular attic rather than an attic. Before construction, you need to create an individual drawing of the future rafter system, indicating the location of each element. This process is best carried out with the help of professionals in this matter.

The hanging rafter system lacks a central support

It is worth considering that the useful area of ​​the future attic depends on the angle of inclination and the parameters of the building. The greater the width of the house, the higher the slope of the slopes is required to ensure an attic ceiling height of 2.2 m, which is the minimum for the highest point of the roof.

Before construction, it is worth determining the purpose of the attic and the required usable volume of the room.

The main features of a gable mansard roof are expressed as follows:

• the standard version of the gable roof allows you to get more usable space than the gabled type;
• construction according to a drawing with ready-made dimensions of elements is easy to carry out independently;
• Any roof covering is suitable for a gable roof, for example, metal tiles or soft roofing;
• The roofing pie includes a vapor barrier, rafters, insulation, waterproofing, and roofing.

Roofing pie requires the use of high-quality materials for comfort in the attic

Video: erection of rafters for a gable mansard roof

Single pitch attic roof

One of the simplest types of mansard roofs is a shed roof, which has only one inclined plane. To equip a living space under such a roof, you need a rafter system, the parameters of which should ensure comfortable operation of the attic. During design and construction, the roof slope is placed on the leeward side, and the optimal angle of inclination is 40°. Construction costs are significantly less than for a gable structure.

A pitched roof is easy to construct and looks very impressive.

The main feature of a single-pitched attic roof is that on the side of the slope the load on the load-bearing wall is greater than on the other. Therefore, during construction, it is important to maintain an inclination angle of at least 40° and further strengthen the rafters. This will avoid snow drifts and reduce the load on the coating. To determine the exact angle, the type of roofing, snow load, and building parameters are taken into account.

A simple drawing and minimal calculation will ensure the creation of a comfortable attic

You can calculate the slope angle depending on the intended roof covering. For a soft roof, a slope of 5° is recommended, for corrugated sheeting - 8°, for metal tiles - 30°. When calculating the slope, the formulas L bc = L сд *tgA and L c = L bc / sinA are used, in which: L bc is the length of the walls, measured between the rafters and the ridge, L сд is the length of the walls of the building, Lc is the length of the beams (rafter legs ), A is the accepted angle of inclination of the slope, according to the selected material. The values ​​of tangent tgA and sine sinA are calculated using Bradis tables.

Shed roofs are best suited for warm climates

When calculating, the following features are taken into account:

• if the slope is less than 30° and the span is up to 4.6 m, then the rafter legs rest on the mauerlat;
• with a span of 4.6–16 m, additional supports are installed, and on the highest wall a beam made of timber with a section of 10x15 cm is laid;
• if the span is 6–15 m, then an additional floor is laid in the center, parallel to the walls;
• when the building length is more than 15 m, the installation of two vertical supports is required, and the racks under one rafter are connected with a lintel. The step between the beds should not be more than 6 m.

Many roofing indicators depend on the building parameters

Video: erecting a pitched roof of a house

Attic with hipped roof

Thanks to the construction of a hipped roof, it is possible to obtain a spacious and comfortable attic. Several types of structures are called four-slope, among which the most common is. This design has rectangular slopes along the length of each side of the house, consisting of two planes. This option allows you to get a spacious attic without significant construction costs.

A broken mansard roof can be equipped with a “cuckoo” with a window

The slope of the upper slopes can be 20–30°, and the angle of the lower ones is often 60–80°. These parameters are suitable for buildings with a width of no more than 6 m. The frame of the structure consists of trusses that require reinforcement of the rafters with racks. In places where the side slopes are broken, stretch marks are installed.

A sloping roof is a gable roof, but is ideal for creating a spacious attic

The Danish roof is a type of hip roof and differs from the classic hip roof in that it has gables in the upper part. Thanks to this, the attic can be equipped with vertical windows and prevent leaks through the cracks in the area of ​​these openings.

Straight rafters rest on a ridge, the length of which depends on the parameters of the building

It is best to entrust the calculation of a hipped roof, as well as drawing up a drawing, to a professional. Only after these stages is the construction of the structure taking into account the location of each element.

Video: features of the construction of a hipped roof

Hip roof with attic

A classic hip roof requires four slopes, two of which are located at the ends of the building and have a triangular shape. The other two slopes are trapezoidal in shape. All surfaces are connected at the ridge of the roof. The calculation of such a design is complex and requires professionalism and knowledge of the intricacies of design.

The classic hip roof is practical to use and beautiful in appearance

The highest ceiling height in the attic under such a roof is in the middle of the room. The corner space is not the most functional, but often serves to place low pieces of furniture and things. In this case, the rafters of long slopes are arranged in the same way as for a gable roof. The ridge does not run along the entire length of the building, since slopes are installed at the ends.

The rafter system of a hip roof is simple, but an accurate calculation of the parameters of each element is required

The classic hip roof is characterized by the fact that it does not have gables, like a gable roof. Thanks to this, wind resistance and snow load are significantly lower than when there are only two slopes. To achieve a spectacular appearance and functionality, a hip roof can be equipped with bay windows, a balcony, and additional overhangs, but the arrangement of each element is calculated individually, taking into account the parameters of the building and the climatic features of the region.

Windows located under a ledge with a roof are reliably protected from leaks

Arranging windows not on ledges, but on the roof is optimal only for regions with low rainfall and a warm climate. When there is a heavy snow load, windows are exposed to precipitation and cracks and leaks appear. And also, the construction of a hip roof is more expensive than a simple gable roof.

Video: step-by-step construction of a hip mansard roof

Half hip roof

The half-hip roof has shortened end slopes that match the gables. Short hips do not reduce the height of the ceiling in the attic and therefore the room is more convenient for use.

A half-hip roof is more complex to design than a hip roof

The design of a half-hip roof involves a more complex rafter system than for the hip version. In this case, the rafters can be layered or hanging. In the first case, the rafter legs rest on the ridge beam, the internal load-bearing walls of the house and the mauerlat, and the hanging legs are fixed only on the mauerlat and the ridge. The cross-section, length and number of rafters are determined depending on the size of the roof. The optimal distance between the rafters is 50–60 cm, but it all depends on the weight of the roofing material and climatic factors.

The overhang can have different lengths depending on the functions assigned to it, for example, as a veranda canopy

The construction of a half-hip roof for an attic is characterized by high consumption of building materials, complexity of calculations and the need for professional skills. It is worth considering that the end walls are erected depending on the shape of the future half-hip roof and the size of the hips, as well as the angle of inclination.

Video: features of a half-hip roof

Multi-gable attic roof

Multi-gable roofing is a complex of several corner projections that form the internal corners of the roof. This option is suitable for large buildings, since a multi-gable roof is quite voluminous and requires stable load-bearing walls. The complexity of the design is complemented by the fact that an attic will be built under the roof, requiring a ceiling height of 2.2 m and a large usable volume of space.

A multi-gable roof with an attic is a complex element that requires professional design

A large number of protrusions requires the construction of a rafter system, the weight of which is significantly greater than that of a gable or hip one. Therefore, load-bearing walls must be as strong as possible, and the load calculation is carried out after accurately calculating the weight of roofing materials, rafters, and insulation, taking into account the roof area.

The multi-gable rafter system is very complex both in design and construction

One of the main difficulties of constructing a multi-gable roof is that it is necessary to carefully waterproof and strengthen the internal corners and roof valleys. This will ensure the strength, tightness and durability of the structure.

Video: creating a multi-gable roof valley

Hip roof of a house with an attic

For square-shaped houses, a hip roof shape is suitable, under which it is easy to arrange an attic. The design has 4 or more slopes of equal size. The design of a hip roof is carried out with the obligatory intervention of professional craftsmen, since the structure is very complex and requires extremely accurate calculations of the roof’s weight, resistance to wind, and resistance to snow loads.

Hip roofs are varied, but difficult to construct independently

The complexity of a hip roof depends on the number of slopes. The more such elements, the more complex the rafter system installed under each slope. The highest ceiling height in the attic is in the middle of the room, and at the edges the space is not actively used due to the low ceiling.

The attic under the hip roof has a small area

The design of the hipped hipped roof contains 4 main rafter legs, supplemented by trusses. The presence of several inclined slopes reduces the roof's resistance to wind and minimizes snow load. To calculate the length of the rafters, you need to determine the center at which the ends of the rafter legs will connect. The distance between the extensions, racks and other parts is calculated individually.

Video: features of a hip roof using a model as an example

Attic under an asymmetrical roof

Gable roofs are symmetrical because they have two identical slopes. If you lengthen one of the roofing surfaces, you will get an asymmetrical roof, under which it is easy to equip an attic. In this way, you can combine structures that are easy to construct, giving the house an original look and creating a functional attic.

When creating an asymmetrical roof, it is important to accurately calculate the load and make it uniform on each load-bearing wall

Asymmetrical designs, despite their simplicity, require accurate calculation of parameters. It is important to ensure a uniform load on each load-bearing wall, because one slope is longer than the other and, accordingly, has more weight. The central rib or ridge can be located either in the middle or be shifted to any side.

Asymmetrical roofing is suitable for buildings up to 3 floors high

When erecting an asymmetrical roof, it is worth considering that the usable space of the attic on one side will be larger than on the other. Therefore, it is necessary to create in advance not only a drawing of the roof, but also a design of the attic with the location of the functional areas.

Mansard roofs: features of installation and selection of materials

A residential and functional attic must be carefully protected from moisture, cold and wind. Therefore, during construction, a roofing pie is constructed, which includes several layers that provide an optimal atmosphere in the attic.

A roofing pie is required for both the attic and a warm attic.

When building a roof for a residential attic space, it is worth considering the following features:

• the choice of high quality materials is the key to the durability and comfort of the attic;
• windows should be protected as much as possible from rain, wind and snow, since these openings are a vulnerable area of ​​the roof;
• all wooden elements of the roof must be treated with an antiseptic or a means to protect the wood from moisture;
• roof ventilation is ensured using a ventilated ridge, a ventilation gap between the waterproofing and the roofing;
• the use of lightweight roofing materials, for example, corrugated sheets and metal tiles, will reduce the load on the foundation and walls of the building.

Main stages of work

There are no universal instructions for building an attic roof, but there is a certain sequence of work. This allows for the phased construction of a roof with an attic and takes into account some important points.

The roofing pie is created in stages using high-quality materials

The main actions are as follows:

1. During the design process, the parameters of the roof and each of its elements are calculated, for example, the cross-section of the rafters is calculated, depending on their length and angle of inclination. A drawing is created that shows the location of each element.
2. After design, they begin preparing and cutting the rafters, installing rafter legs and additional elements.
3. To attach the rafters, you need a Mauerlat, which is made from timber. The rafter legs are fixed to it.
4. After creating the frame, a waterproofing film is laid on it, reinforced with staples and secured with lathing slats.
5. The roofing covering is installed on top of the sheathing. In valleys or under soft roofs, continuous sheathing is required.
6. From the inside, insulation, for example, mineral wool slabs, is laid between the rafters. Then a vapor barrier film is attached to the rafters, taking into account that there must be a gap of 5 cm between the insulation and the vapor barrier for ventilation. If such a gap is not provided, you need to build up the rafters with additional boards.
7. After installing the vapor barrier, the attic can be finished.

Photo gallery: mansard roof options

Unusual architectural solutions can only be implemented by professional craftsmen A half-hip roof may have windows protected by projections An original roof requires a careful approach and competent calculation of parameters The hip hip roof consists of two triangular and two trapezoidal slopes The broken shape of the roof makes the attic spacious and the house beautiful The half-hip design is suitable for a house of any number of storeys The multi-tongue version is difficult to construct, but has a solid appearance The gable roof is simple and easy to use A simple hip roof has slopes connected in the middle

Features of the operation of attic roofs

The roof must reliably protect not only the attic, but the entire house as a whole. Therefore, for construction you need to choose high-quality materials that do not require careful maintenance. When operating, you should also follow these rules:

• Do not clear the roof of snow with sharp or very heavy tools, as this can lead to damage to the coating and leaks;
• external holes in the roof are promptly sealed with materials that provide waterproofing;
• Roofs of any type must be equipped with drainage systems to quickly remove moisture;
• The interior decoration of the attic roof can be as light and simple as possible, which will ensure quick repairs in case of leaks.

It is the attic of a building, adapted for housing.

The attic can be the third floor, which is located directly under the roof of the building. An attic space is better at the design stage.

Sometimes it is possible to insulate the attic in an inhabited building, but this may require additionally insulate the roof. If you have already decided, then first of all you need to choose which types of attic roofs are suitable for you.

Living space in the attic is most often associated with the main advantage of the attic - an increase in living space: the presence of additional rooms for living.

Other advantages of the attic are:

• The decorative appeal of a building in connection with a specific roof design;
• The arrangement of the attic can be done not in a new house, but in an already inhabited one, without leaving the house;
• The ability to insulate a room on your own (without special equipment).

In addition, the costs of constructing an extension, if it is necessary to increase living space, will be more significant than the costs of arranging an attic space.

The disadvantages include equipment for additional heating of the attic, and forced ventilation. In addition, it is necessary to install special windows.

The slope of the walls can also be attributed to the disadvantages of the attic space, since it reduces additional room area, but it is possible to build an attic on several levels.

Projects for mansard roofs of private houses:

Sloping roof with balcony

Hip sloping mansard roof

Gable mansard roof

Sloping roof device

under the attic looks like this:

• Interior design(plasterboard, plaster, etc.);
• Vapor barrier. Prevents the formation of condensation moisture;
• Insulation. Retains heat in the room, preventing cold from entering the roof voids;
• - the main roof frame on which the entire roof structure rests;
• Waterproofing. A layer of film that protects the roofing pie from moisture from the outside;
• Lathing. A wooden structure on the frame of which they are attached;
• Roofing film. A protective material that protects the entire system. Selected based on the choice of roofing;
• Roofing. The main protective external material, which is the most powerful protection of the roof from external natural factors.

In addition to the fact that it is necessary to lay all layers of materials sequentially, they must be installed correctly, taking into account ventilation gaps.

Each roofing material must be laid in accordance with the laying technology.
Even if the coating is laid in violation of the rules, this may lead to disruption of the functioning of other layers, and, as a consequence, to the destruction of the roof.

Mansard roof design drawing

Roofing pie

Types of mansard roofs

For the installation of an attic in an attic space, roof types are suitable in which the height of the future attic space will meet the requirements for the arrangement of such roofs.

The most common under the attic:

• . The structure is a plane fixed to opposite walls of varying heights;
• . The design consists of two oppositely lying slopes connected at the apex;
• Broken. The structures are similar to gable ones, only these have a kink that changes the slope of the slope;
• . The system is similar to a hipped roof, in which the opposite slopes at the ends are triangles with a sloped top, and at the sides - trapezoids;
• . The design is similar to the hip system, only the side slopes from the pediment are beveled;
• Tent. The structure is presented in the form of a tent, in the form of several faces that have a connection at the top.

The type of roof is just the visible frame of the roof, into which the attic is built in the form of a quadrangle. The design features of each type imply the presence of support points for the attic structure with the roof.

In addition to standard roof shapes, there may be one-story and two-story attics, which are best considered during design, calculating the load on the building and the rafter system.

Projects of houses with a mansard roof: photo below.

Half-hip mansard roof

Gable roof mansard type

Single pitch mansard roof

Broken mansard roof

Four-pitched mansard roof

Hip mansard roof

Dormer windows

To provide natural lighting in the attic space, it is necessary to install windows.

They can be placed in the roof itself, on the gables, or equipped in special birdhouses. The number, shape and location of windows depends on the roof structure and preference.

The material for making profiles for windows can be different: wood, PVC, aluminum.

The window profile is selected based on preference, but it is worth keeping in mind that it is better not to use windows with a wooden profile for bathhouses.

In other cases windows with any profile are suitable.

Dormer windows differ in type of construction:

• Classic. Windows of a standard rectangular or square shape, having a frame and a movable or fixed sash;
• Balcony. They are a double window shape, in which the lower blind part is the balcony parapet, the upper part opens outward;
• Cornice. Installed in the presence of a high wall. An additional vertical element is installed under the opening sash;
• Oblique. Double design with one blind sash (lower), the other movable;
• Overhead. They can be semicircular or triangular. They are built into the roof and also have a decorative function;
• Tunnel for light. The light exits through a reflective tunnel, which is located in the attic above the attic.

In addition to the shape of windows, they can be classified according to the type of opening:

• With a central axis for turning;
• With a side opening in the form of a hatch;
• With a lower location of the rotation axis in which the opening occurs outward;
• With a raised axis.

Considering that roof windows can be located in difficult to reach locations, manufacturers have invented electronic controls: windows can be opened and closed using a remote control.

Roof window with balcony

Dormer window

Requirements for mansard roofs

Mansard roofs are structurally more complex than conventional roofs with an attic, so they have different requirements:

• Necessary provide complete waterproofing along the entire perimeter of the attic;
• It is important to take care of sound insulation, especially if the outer covering is metal;
• When designing a truss structure, it is necessary to carefully calculate the roof load taking into account natural loads;
• Provide ;
• Take care of natural lighting;
• Overhang of rafter legs should not be less than half a meter;
• Pay special attention.

CAREFULLY!

When choosing materials, you should pay attention not only to their quality characteristics, but also to take into account their weight: the lighter the materials, the less the load.

Overloading the structure can lead to roof deformation and, in the worst case, to collapse. Therefore, when designing a roof, all factors should be taken into account.

How to design a sloping roof yourself

Any construction involves a preliminary calculation of materials, the costs of their acquisition, installation, and additional equipment.

For independent calculation of the attic roof knowledge of the requirements for the arrangement of the attic and the design features of the structure will be required attic room.

• Usable living area;
• Area of ​​slopes;
• Window area.

Based on the calculations obtained, it will be possible to calculate the amount of materials and calculate their load.

Effective area

The area is calculated from the low side of the walls depending on the angle of inclination:

• At 30°, the height of the wall should not be less than 1.5 m;
• At 45° - no less than 1m 10 cm;
• From 60° - at least half a meter.

In the drawing, on both slopes, you should note the minimum height (for example, 1.5 m with a slope of 30°) and draw a line perpendicular to the base - these are the side walls of the room.

Connect with a line parallel to the base, connecting the indicated points, to form a rectangle. This is the usable area.

ATTENTION!

The residential area under the project should not be more than 50% of the area of ​​non-residential premises.

The side triangles, the sides of which are part of the base, the walls of the attic and the lower part of the slope, are non-residential areas.

Slope area

Then add up the values ​​of all areas.

When calculating, it is necessary to take into account the area of ​​the cornices: Calculating the area of ​​the slope to the wall line is incomplete for calculating the area of ​​the entire slope.

Window area

In design calculations it is also necessary to take into account the area of ​​window structures, which should not exceed 10% of the floor area. The smallest distance from the floor at which the windows should be located is 80 cm, the maximum is 220 cm to the top window line.

Thus, by choosing the shape of the roof, you can calculate the area of ​​​​the living space equipped in the attic. For a large area additional partitions can be designed, which will serve as auxiliary supports for the roof.

You can apply design ideas by dividing the room into zones, using space delimitation techniques that will make the attic room more comfortable to live in, modern and cozy.

In contact with

High-quality attic roof designs are designed for the construction of additional living space in the attic if the roof of the house has a sloping or broken shape. Building codes are designed for the location of the intersection of the roof and facade at a height of up to 1.5 meters. Otherwise, there will be no attic; you will end up with an ordinary attic, unsuitable for normal living.

A professional design for the attic roof of a private house requires a wall height of 1.4 meters, so that you can sit comfortably against a vertical wall.

Modern house designs with a mansard roof are very economical and do not involve the construction of a complex, expensive foundation.

Advice! You should pay attention to the hydro- and vapor barrier of the house so that the building “breathes”.

Design options

You can select ready-made house designs with a mansard roof and a garage, taking into account the option of the future roof:

• triangular;
• asymmetrical;
• broken line

A typical house design with a sloping mansard roof is suitable for gable, single-pitch, sloping, gable, domed, pyramidal, and semi-oval roofs.

1. The simplest design is a single-slope system. The structure is represented by an inclined plane fixed to load-bearing walls of different heights. This type is rarely used when arranging attics.
2. The standard design of a gable mansard roof is assembled from two slopes, which are directed in opposite directions.
3. Hip and half-hip designs involve four slopes. Comfortable rooms are created inside such systems.
4. Broken roofs are suitable for small structures.
5. Pyramid, dome, conical structures are suitable for houses with a round shape.

Choosing the type of attic

During the construction process, you can use a single-level attic together with a gable or sloping roof. A one-level attic goes well with two-level supports and external consoles.

Attention ! When choosing a design for a gable mansard roof, take into account the loads that the building will exert on the foundation.

In the video you can see how the attic is being built over the garage:

Gable roofs are characterized by the following parameters:

• different sizes of cornice overhang;
• tilt angle;
• rafter design (hanging, inclined).

This do-it-yourself attic roof project allows you to make a bathroom and several bedrooms. This attic “apartment” is equipped with two balconies, which can be accessed from the bedroom. The material for the frame can be plasterboard. Decorating facades is possible using plaster or clinker bricks.

Gable roofs are suitable for the following structures:

• garages;
• low-rise buildings;
• utility structures.

Algorithm of actions

When building an attic, use the following algorithm:

1. First, we select a design option for the future gable roof; you can select ready-made mansard roof designs by searching for them on the Internet.
2. We calculate the cost of constructing an attic.
3. We purchase materials and put the mansard roof project into practice.

Characteristics of a gable semi-hip roof

This roofing option is recognized as a functional and original design. Under the roof you can build an attic in which you can live comfortably. The most popular materials for such a roof are metal tiles and corrugated sheets.

Characteristics of a hip roof

This design is supposed to have four slopes, two of them are triangular in shape, two are made in the shape of a trapezoid. The layers of the roof resemble a layer cake:

• metal tiles;
• waterproofing layer;
• counter-lattice;
• sheathing;
• insulation layer;
• initial sheathing;
• cornice;
• vapor barrier layer;
• rafter.

Gable roof design

When building a new house or replacing an old roof, take into account the external characteristics of the roof. Projects of houses with a mansard roof (pictured above) are common for the following reasons:

• reasonable cost;
• aesthetic appearance;
• easy installation;
• snow and water do not accumulate.

The slopes are fastened together at a certain angle, and the house itself acts as a support. Fastening from above is carried out to the ridge of the house, to the side walls. The rafter system for the rafter system project for the attic roof of a 9x9 house involves the use of dry, high-quality timber.

Before construction begins, the timber is treated with chemicals to protect against high humidity and fungal diseases. It is advisable to cover the beams with an antiseptic and fireproof composition.

Components of a gable roof

An attic gable roof requires the presence of the following components: rafters, beams, Mauerlat, ridge, purlins, struts, tie-downs, supports.

If you wish, you can find the following mansard roof designs for free:

• symmetrical, the basis of which is a triangle;
• broken lines, allowing maximum use of free space for housing;
• asymmetrical, giving the building an original look, while reducing the area in the attic.

Advice ! When choosing a simple sloping mansard roof project, you can carry out construction on your own, but it is advisable to entrust serious projects to professional builders.

Drawing of a gable roof

If your plans include independent implementation of a garage project with a mansard roof, follow the sequence of actions:

• start with a sketch;
• think over a plan for the future roof;
• complete all calculations;
• purchase materials for rafters and coverings.

Drawings of mansard roofs can be downloaded from a variety of construction sites or purchased from professional engineers.

Advice ! Do not skimp on drawings; the reliability of the design and its durability depend on their quality.

The video will show the stages of constructing an attic roof over a garage:

Calculation of the future gable roof

1. Carrying out calculations is a critical step; it involves taking into account the maximum weight of the roof, taking into account possible wind, snow, and rain loads. Roofing projects for different regions of the country have significant technical differences related to the climatic characteristics of the region.

   ​Attention! For regions where there is a significant amount of precipitation in winter, a roof with a significant angle of inclination is needed.

2. When making calculations, remember that as the steepness of the roof and its height increase, the consumption of materials for the implementation of the planned project will also increase.
3. Building a new gable roof on your own is an excellent option for saving money (provided you have construction skills).
4. There are many high quality roofing materials available on the construction market. If the house is being built from wooden beams, it is better to purchase metal roofing.

Advantages of metal tiles: reasonable cost, long service life, aesthetic appearance.

Calculation and installation of the rafter system is the most difficult and time-consuming stage of installing a new roof. The construction of a gable structure involves taking into account many nuances; neglecting them can be “expensive” for the owner of the house. Do not skimp on calculations, because in the end you will be able to save financial resources, since the service life of the gable roof will be significantly increased.