Let's start with the fact that masonry, regardless of the width and height of brick partitions, can be carried out with these products, regardless of their belonging to any type. The question is the economic feasibility of such a solution. Therefore, to select a material, you need to know its classification, purpose and quality requirements.

Brick is classified according to the following parameters:

• Manufacturing method. There are two types of it - ceramic and silicate brick. The first, in the classic version, consists almost entirely of clay and is fired at high temperatures in special ovens to acquire the necessary strength. The second is made by autoclave synthesis from one part of air lime, nine parts of quartz sand and additives. After creating the shape of the product using semi-dry pressing, it is treated with water vapor in an autoclave at a pressure of 8-12 atm and a temperature of 170-200°C. If pigments are added to the working mixture of sand-lime brick, it will acquire color.
• Purpose. According to this parameter, brick is divided into three types: ordinary, oven and facing. Ordinary brick is used for laying walls and partitions of buildings, facing brick is used for decorating surfaces, and stove brick is used for making hearths.
• Filling. This property determines the weight of the products. There are solid bricks and bricks with voids. Products of the second type are lighter, used for the construction of walls with improved thermal insulation, but have less strength than solid similar materials.
• Sizes. A typical ordinary clay brick has dimensions of 250x60x65 mm, and silicate bricks have dimensions of 250 x 120 x 88 mm; they are the most convenient and familiar in the production of masonry. Modern manufacturers offer double and one-and-a-half bricks, as well as similar materials under the European standard - 250x60x65 mm.

Product quality requirements are regulated by GOST. According to this document, errors in dimensions, for example, of clay bricks should not exceed 4 mm (+ or -) in length, 2 mm in thickness, and +3 mm in width. The curvature of the edges and edges of products should not be higher than 3 mm. Overburning or underburning of bricks is also not allowed.

Bricks of all types have common advantages:

1. Moisture resistance, which allows the material to be used for the construction of enclosing structures in premises for any purpose.
2. Strength, ensuring durability and reliable operation of load-bearing walls and partitions.
3. Good sound insulation of masonry up to 57 dB when installing partitions in? solid brick with a layer of plaster applied.

Among the main disadvantages are the significant weight of the finished structure and increased requirements for the foundation: it must be concrete or stone. In addition, brickwork cannot be classified as light work.

Despite these problems, brick partitions remain quite in demand where high reliability and an attractive appearance are required. The natural beauty of ceramic masonry is appropriate in many interior design styles.

Requirements for installation of brick partitions

For the construction of partitions of various designs and sizes, there are certain rules that should be followed:

• Before making the partition, it is necessary to seal all interpanel seams in the ceiling with cement mortar.
• In hot, windy or dry weather, bricks should be moistened before laying.
• Partitions longer than 3 m must be connected to the ceiling.
• The connection of the partitions with the pillar is carried out by releasing a groove from its mass.
• The corners of the partitions should be made using templates made from boards. They are installed plumb and extend between the ceiling and floor. Corner bricks are installed with bandaging close to the template.
• Brick partitions cannot be installed on the surface: plank floors, parquet. Destruction of the floor under the partition can cause it to sag.
• The use of hollow materials will help reduce the load from the brick partition on the floor. However, their use is undesirable in rooms with high humidity - kitchens, bathrooms and bathrooms.
• If the thickness of a brick partition is more than 120 mm, it is not reinforced if the length of the masonry is less than 5 m and its height is up to 3 m.

Partitions 65 mm thick in their raw state are very unstable. Therefore, they should be erected gradually at 1-1.5 m of height per day, giving parts of the structure time to set the mortar and gain strength. Such partitions are made up to 3 m long and up to 2.7 m high and are usually used to separate storage rooms, bathrooms and other small rooms.

Brick partition installation technology

The construction of a partition is one of the simplest types of work related to bricklaying. There is no need to align the corners and constantly monitor them with a plumb line; you just need to carefully follow the markings. To lay the partition you will need cement, sand, water, a building level, a cord, a hammer, a trowel and a container for mixing the mortar.

Preparatory work before installing a brick partition

To erect a partition, you can use mortar or a special dry masonry mixture, which can be purchased ready-made. A typical mortar consists of cement, sand and water. In addition to these components, clay, lime and additives are added to the masonry mixture, which give the binder material additional properties: plasticity, frost resistance, etc.

When purchasing a ready-made mixture, it is recommended to pay attention to its production date and suitability. The most durable and elastic mixtures are grade 200-300. The ratio of sand and cement in solutions is 3:1 or 4:1. Dry mixtures should not include any large particles. Therefore, it is recommended to sift the sand before preparing the solution.

The mixture is brought to working condition by adding water and mixing the components in a special container. The composition must be homogeneous and plastic.

Before making a brick partition, you need to mark its boundaries on the floor and walls. The lines must be straight, and it is recommended to control the placement of vertical lines with a building level or plumb line. The support for the partition can be a ceiling - a beam or a panel.

In the basement, the wall is mounted on brick pillars and concrete preparation. It is unacceptable to install it on a clean floor. The brick partition has a thickness of? or a quarter of a brick, with a greater thickness it is already a wall.

How to make a brick partition

After preparing the solution and applying markings, you can begin installing the masonry. First of all, it is necessary to lay a leveling layer of mortar on the base, which will eliminate defects in the support and determine the zero level of the masonry.

Then you should lay the bricks of the first row of the future partition. This stage of work is very important. The reliability and appearance of the planned structure depend on its high-quality execution. Therefore, the laying of the first row should be controlled by the rule, plumb and level.

All subsequent rows must be laid with a slight offset so that all vertical seams of the bottom row are projected onto the middle of the overlying bricks. The laying of each next row should begin with securing and tensioning the mooring cord, which can be used to guide when leveling the bricks.

Minor masonry defects can be eliminated before the mortar sets. This is done using a level lath and a hammer. After completing several rows of masonry, the lath is applied to a section of the finished partition and tapped with a pick or hammer. The process continues until complete contact of the slats with the masonry plane is achieved. This operation is repeated, changing the position of the tool clockwise.

If, when installing a brick partition, you plan to make a door or window opening in it, then during the laying process you should periodically check its size using a tape measure. The verticality of the opening slopes is controlled by a plumb line or level. These actions contribute to the trouble-free installation of a window or door frame into a finished partition.

As lintels over the openings, you can use concrete beams, wooden beams or metal profiles that are suitable in size. To install the boxes, wooden plugs treated with an antiseptic are embedded into the masonry on each side of the openings. Their size is usually 125 mm.

Often, the top of the masonry when installing partitions does not reach the ceiling surface by 2-5 cm. This gap can be filled with pieces of brick and mortar. Another option: moisten the tow in a gypsum solution and compact it into the cracks. As the gypsum hardens, it expands and very tightly connects the surfaces of the ceiling and the top of the partition.

How to strengthen a brick partition

Close attention during the masonry process requires tying the partition to the load-bearing walls and strengthening its strength through reinforcement. The rigidity of the junctions is achieved by using anchors, which must be placed in the load-bearing wall every 5-6 rows of masonry.

In addition, you can use a perforated mounting metal strip. It has the form of a corner, one shelf of which is fixed to the load-bearing wall with dowels, and the other is located between two rows of masonry. This creates a connection connecting the partition and the walls to each other, while the supporting structure does not experience load on the partition.

The strength of the partition can be increased by reinforcing it. Wire mesh 4 mm thick or individual metal rods with a diameter of 6-8 mm are used as reinforcement. These elements should be laid in the partition both in the vertical and horizontal directions, forming a frame when they intersect.

The cell size should be 525x525 mm. The total diameter at the intersection of the reinforcement should be less than the width of the seam and have a 5 mm margin, providing a layer of protection to metal parts. Short masonry partitions made of bricks less than 1.5 m long can be sufficiently reinforced in the horizontal section.

Finishing brick partitions

A brick partition made by yourself can be plastered, and then covered with wallpaper or painted with a regular or textured composition.

If its surface is not smooth enough, it is never too late to eliminate this defect by finishing the partition with plasterboard sheets, which can be attached to it using glue or preliminary installation of a metal frame.

Many people like the natural look of brick walls. Some of them are guided by economic considerations, while others find masonry truly romantic. The natural texture of brick decorates the room and gives it special expressiveness.

The surface of the partition can be painted in the desired color or the brick can be varnished. Partitions made of sand-lime brick and coated with thick white paint look beautiful. They transform from a conventional design to a modern and stylish design.

Light-colored furniture, monochrome photographs and paintings look great against the background of natural brickwork. Decorative plain objects such as candles and vases, placed on shelves or in niches, give the room a special elegance.

With the right accessories, shades and well-organized lighting, clay brickwork fills the room with comfort and coziness. However, in the pursuit of everything natural, it is important not to overdo it: you should not leave all brick walls and partitions in their natural form, since instead of a spectacular interior, a basement may appear.

Laying brick lintels

Typically, a door or window opening is equipped with a lintel made of concrete, metal or wood. If the partition is not plastered, then such an element will look inconspicuous on it. Therefore, in such cases, lintels are made from selected bricks and are divided into three main types:

• Privates. The height of their masonry is 6-9 rows. Installation is carried out according to all the rules for its dressing. To make an ordinary lintel, special formwork is required. Reinforcement and concrete mixture are laid at its bottom. After the base is ready, brickwork is done.
• Wedge. In such lintels, the arrangement of bricks forms V-shaped seams. The width of the wedge in its lower part is 5 mm, and in the upper part - up to 25 mm. Masonry is also done using formwork. Work is carried out simultaneously on both sides of the lintel, gradually approaching its center.
• Arched. The formwork for such lintels is made in the form of a template provided for by the design. Standard clinker bricks are used for masonry. The sequence of their installation is similar to the manufacture of a wedge lintel.

How to make a brick partition - watch the video:

As a result, it should be noted that brick partitions are the optimal solution for zoning a room. Their material is durable, moisture-resistant and can withstand quite heavy loads, and the variety of shades and sizes of bricks allows you to adequately decorate any interior.

To divide one large room into two or more small ones, use brick partitions.

They are not load-bearing structures, but at the same time they are quite strong, resistant to moisture and are installed permanently.

When building partitions of this type with your own hands, you must comply with fire safety standards and SNiP requirements.

Do-it-yourself partitions are installed not only in residential premises.

In a bathhouse, where the walls must be not only durable, but also fireproof, brick partitions will be the most suitable option.

Laying brick partitions with your own hands is done in compliance with the requirements of SNiP and fire safety standards, so that the structure is durable and reliable.

The construction of partitions with your own hands begins after all construction work has been completed, when the walls and ceilings are completely ready.

If brick partitions are erected in an apartment with your own hands, then a foundation is not made for them, but in a private house the partitions are placed both on the foundation and on the floor beams.

Making a foundation is quite labor-intensive, but this foundation will be reliable and durable.

SNiP and fire safety standards require that the thickness of the partition be at least 10 cm.

Fireproof materials must be used for construction, so brick remains the most common material for such work.

The weight of this type of partition is quite large, so it is installed only on reinforced concrete floors.

To reduce weight, you can use hollow bricks, but even such construction is undesirable for old houses and on wooden floors.

In an apartment, for partitions of this type, you can use foam concrete or gas silicate blocks, and in a bathhouse, swimming pool, bathroom, where the humidity usually exceeds the norm, it is best to use solid brick, which does not absorb moisture so quickly and deteriorates more slowly.

Gaps and cracks must be sealed to prevent insects from breeding in them.

You should know that in a new building you need to refrain from erecting partitions of this type for six months, until the house shrinks.

Brickwork is usually plastered on top, so it is better not to fill the seams between the bricks completely with mortar so that the plaster adheres to the wall more firmly.

The brand of brick also matters. Typically, for walls of this type, the M100 grade is used, measuring 200 by 120 by 65 mm. Usually partitions are built in half a brick.

If its length is more than 3 m, then you should not make masonry higher than 1 m in one go, so that the wall does not warp.

Masonry mortar

The quality of the partition itself depends on the quality of the masonry mortar. Usually a mixture of sand and cement is used in the following proportion: one part cement and three parts sand.

Dry ingredients are mixed and diluted with water. The consistency of the solution should be such that it can be easily picked up with a trowel.

To achieve maximum quality of the solution, you should take clean river sand, which does not contain small pebbles or clay inclusions.

Of course, a solution made with a concrete mixer will be of better quality than one made by hand.

Construction of a partition

Marking is the very first and most important stage of work. On the floor and on the side walls, mark the contours of the future product, as well as the places where the cord will be attached.

Before starting the construction of this type of wall, the foundation is leveled using a concrete screed, as shown in the video.

After this, a layer of roofing material or film is laid on the floor or foundation. Mortar is placed on the base and bricks are laid out in rows. The thickness of the first row solution compensates for the unevenness of the base.

To ensure that the structure is laid out strictly according to the level, use a cord stretched between the adjacent walls, and check the horizontalness of the first row using a level.

Each subsequent row is also carefully checked for horizontality and straightness of the rows so that the wall does not warp or bulge.

In order for the partition to be firmly attached to the side walls, grooves 3–5 cm deep are made in them, into which the outermost bricks of the partition are inserted.

The thickness of the mortar between bricks should be from 1 to 1.5 cm.

For structural strength, you should make the reinforcement yourself. To do this, metal reinforcement, the thickness of which should be 4–6 mm, is inserted with one end into the wall and the other into the masonry.

Reinforcement is also done using a thin mesh, which is laid in the masonry every four rows.

Reinforcement will make the masonry strong and stable, so do not neglect this process.

If you are laying a brick on an edge, then you should do a vertical seam dressing when the vertical seam of one row is located above the middle of the brick of the adjacent row.

As already mentioned, partitions of this type are not load-bearing, so between the structure itself and the ceiling you need to leave a small gap, the thickness of which is 2 - 3 cm. It is filled with felt and subsequently covered with plaster.

The top row of the wall is usually made from broken bricks, the thickness of which is suitable for the building. The video shows how to build walls of this type.

Laying bricks on edge

Often, to save space in an apartment, bricks are laid on edge. Edge laying has its pros and cons.

In addition to the fact that the thickness of the masonry on the edge is noticeably smaller, due to which it saves space in the room, such masonry also saves building materials - both bricks and mortar.

Such savings will be especially noticeable if you need to make several buildings in a house, apartment or bathhouse.

In addition, doing edge laying with your own hands will also help you save money.

However, laying on edge also has its disadvantages. Not everyone can do this kind of work, so to build even walls it is best to seek the help of professionals.

Building materials for such masonry must be of high quality, in accordance with all SNiP requirements and also comply with fire safety standards.

Also, according to SNiP requirements, such partitions must be reinforced.

You should not build a wall in an apartment or house in one go; it is better to divide the work into two or three steps so that the layer has time to dry and harden.

The edge laying is shown in the video above.

Partitions in the bath

Partitions of this type are made in the bathhouse even in cases where the building itself is made of wood.

Brick walls in a bathhouse, just like in a house or apartment, are installed on a foundation that is previously prepared.

To insert the stove, a special window is made, and ventilation holes need to be made in the lower part of the wall.

If you are making a brick wall in a wooden bathhouse, then you should install a wooden frame at the joints of the wall and wood.

Laying brick partitions is necessary in cases where a full-fledged structure is required to divide a significant space. A brick partition is not only a strong and reliable structure, it provides effective sound and heat insulation and allows you to create an additional room in an existing living space. Such a structure is durable, reliable, and resistant to various types of negative influences such as humidity and temperature changes in the surrounding space. In addition, stationary brick interior partitions do not serve as load-bearing walls.

Design Features

The main feature of a brick partition built in an apartment with your own hands: durability, strength and reliability. The construction of such structures begins after all major construction work has been completed:

• load-bearing walls were erected,
• reinforced floors;
• floors and walls are completely dry.

The construction of brick partitions has certain distinctive features. Their construction requires compliance with the rules of construction work. It is in accordance with these requirements that the load on the floors is calculated, allowing cracking of the floor or ceiling. Since the weight of the structure is quite large, its construction in most cases is carried out on the 1st floor of the building or exclusively on reinforced concrete floors.

The use of hollow bricks for partitions can significantly reduce the weight of the structure. Another way to lighten the structure is to build a half-brick partition or use porous brick blocks.

When performing work on creating brickwork partitions, it is necessary to take into account the microclimate in the room where construction is taking place.

To build an additional internal wall with your own hands in the bathroom or when adding a balcony to the kitchen or living room, it is better to use red solid brick. Its main distinguishing feature is high moisture resistance. Such blocks practically do not absorb moisture and are not susceptible to the formation of mold and mildew on the surface.

The installation of brick partitions requires careful sealing of cracks and cracks through which insects can enter the room. This condition can be met with the help of a high-quality solution prepared according to all the rules. Only this composition will provide:

• reliable and high-quality adhesion of blocks;
• strength;
• durability of the structure.

The second no less important condition is the competent connection of the partition to the load-bearing wall. To do this, you will need to make grooves in the main walls into which new bricks are laid. It is necessary to lay waterproofing material between the first row of bricks of the future partition and the floor. Roofing material laid in 2 layers will not only guarantee high-quality moisture insulation, but will also dampen possible vibration.

The laying is carried out with bricks previously moistened with water. It absorbs less moisture from the solution and adheres better. Considering the need for subsequent plastering work, the seams between the bricks of the partition are not completely filled with mortar. This type of masonry is called “wasteland”. Its feature is better adhesion of the plaster mixture to the surface of the constructed wall.

Preparation

Laying a partition indoors is a job that can be done independently, without resorting to the services of specialists, if you strictly follow the instructions and observe the rules and nuances of the technological process. First of all, you need to take care of preparing the material and tools:

1. To create the solution you will need clean sifted sand, M100 cement, and cold water. Having mixed the main components in a 3:1 ratio and adding water at the rate of 0.5 liters per 1 kg of cement, you can begin mixing. For greater convenience, you can add a plasticizer, but experienced craftsmen sometimes replace expensive products with the usual Progress composition. This is a soap solution that prevents the composition from “settling” too quickly.
2. Knowing the dimensions of an individual brick block and the area of ​​the future partition, you can calculate the amount of brick that will be needed for construction. It is folded so that it always remains in the free access area.
3. Before you begin work, you should prepare a string, a hammer-pick, a building level, a plumb line, a trowel and a hammer drill.
4. The first thing you need to do is prepare the construction site, you need to make a groove in the load-bearing wall for tying, sweep out debris, clean the floor surface and place a double layer of waterproofing material on it.

The thickness of brick partitions in most cases does not exceed half the product. Knowing this, you can calculate the required amount of material. Now you can prepare a container, a construction mixer or a drill with an attachment for mixing the solution and begin preparing the composition.

While the prepared solution is infused, you need to lay out the first row “dry”. This means that this operation does not require a solution. The first row of bricks will show not only the number of solid brick blocks, but also the number of halves, which are best prepared in advance.

The boundaries of the future partition are marked both on the floor and on the walls of the room with which the structure will border or come into contact. The thickness of the partition deserves special attention.

If the thickness of a brick partition exceeds half a brick, this structure is called a wall.

This design requires additional load calculations, preparation of a project for redevelopment of the premises and permission for construction. No special documentation is being developed for interior partitions. Lightweight structures do not cause premature destruction of the building and can be removed at any time.

Work order

Having prepared everything you need, you can begin marking. The importance of this operation cannot be overestimated. Incorrectly executed markings will cause premature destruction of the entire structure created by yourself. On the internal surfaces of the load-bearing walls to which the partition will adjoin, vertical and horizontal lines should be noted. This is done using a laser building level and a plumb line. All further manipulations are performed under the constant control of a level (laser level).

During marking, the contours of the future partition are marked on the floor and walls, which will have to be adhered to during construction. The masonry begins with the waterproofing being laid according to the markings made and the first row of bricks being laid on it. A layer of mortar will eliminate all existing irregularities, and the quality of the first row of masonry is checked using a building level of the maximum possible length.

Before starting the laying of the second row, dry laying is done again, placing the bricks so that the seams run apart. The seams between the bricks of the first row should fall in the middle of the block of the second row. It is this method of constructing interior partitions made of brick that guarantees their strength, reliability and durability.

The quality of further masonry and the level of complexity of subsequent work depend on how correctly and accurately the bricks of the 1st row are laid.

It is impossible to achieve correct masonry by trying to eliminate errors by changing the thickness of the inter-row seam. Its thickness should be the same between all rows. A string stretched between 2 nails, which are simply inserted into the not yet hardened mortar of the seam of the previous row, will help to monitor the correct laying of the brick, straightness and location of all components of the structure in the same plane. This will help avoid the formation of the so-called “belly”.

You can quickly and efficiently complete the laying as follows:

1. A strip of mortar no more than 10 cm wide and 1.5-2 cm thick is laid on the waterproofing.
2. The first row of bricks is laid on this strip, under the control of the building level. If it is necessary to hide the unevenness of the floor, you can carefully tap the brick or slightly increase the thickness of the mortar layer.
3. The second row is laid out, starting from the sides (outermost bricks in contact with the walls). After checking the quality of the binding, lay out the blocks towards the middle of the partition.
4. To create a 3rd row, you can use nails and lace, which will not allow you to violate the established boundaries of the plane and will help maintain the evenness of the partition.

The bricks are laid on the mortar, leaving the joint space between them empty. After making sure that the masonry is correct, the horizontal seams are also filled. Thus, it is possible to carry out laying in a “waste area”, ensuring in advance the creation of a high-quality and reliable plaster layer.

The process can be seen in more detail in the video:

Before installing partitions, the following work must be completed:

• - construction of external and internal walls;
• - marking partitions;
• - delivery to the workplace of necessary materials, tools and equipment.

The process of bricklaying partitions consists of the following operations: installation and rearrangement of the mooring cord;

• - cutting and hewing bricks (as needed);
• - supplying bricks and laying them out on partitions (scaffolds);
• - shoveling, feeding, spreading and leveling the mortar on the wall (ceiling);
• - laying bricks into the structure;
• - checking the correctness of the laid masonry.

Work on the construction of brick partitions must be carried out in accordance with the project. The brickwork of the partitions is made of solid brick with 1/2 brick bandaging along the length of the rows

When installing partitions, mason K 1 secures and tensions the mooring cord.

Bricklayer K2 lays out the bricks first on the ceiling (then on the laid partition), close to one another, at a distance of three bricks from the beginning of the laying, leaving space for spreading the mortar. This is how he lays 6 bricks, after which he spreads the mortar. Before applying the mortar to the partition, the K2 mason shovels it in the trough until a homogeneous mass is obtained. Then, with a shovel, he applies the solution to the partition and, placing the shovel obliquely on the side edge, spreads it in a bed about 10 cm wide, 2-2.5 cm thick and 75 cm long, see fig. 21.

Rice. 21.

After mason K 1 lays 3 bricks, mason K 2 lays mortar under 3 more bricks.

Bricklayer K 4 carries out the laying end-to-end. First, use a trowel to level the mortar for 3 bricks; then, holding the brick in an inclined position with his left hand, with the butting edge he scoops up part of the spread mortar and moves it towards the previously laid brick, creating a complete vertical seam. After this, the brick is leveled flush with the surface of the partition, with light blows of the trowel handle, pushing the brick down to the level of the mooring cord so that the gap between the cord and the brick does not exceed 1-2 mm. The mortar squeezed onto the front surface of the wall is trimmed with a trowel and thrown into the vertical joint of the masonry. Then he lays 3 more bricks in the same area.

Partitions 1/4 brick thick, for stability, are reinforced in horizontal seams with strip iron 1 mm thick or steel reinforcement bars with a diameter of no more than 6 mm at least every 5-6 rows. The thickness of the seams in which the reinforcement is located must exceed the diameter of the reinforcement by at least 4 mm. Partitions 1/2 brick thick are laid out with spoons.

In the places where the partitions meet the main walls, embedded parts are installed, see Fig. 22.

Rice. 22.

The embedded parts are attached on both sides of the partition in a checkerboard pattern

The mortar used for laying partitions must correspond to the project. The laying of partitions, as well as walls, is done in tiers (three tiers per floor). The height of the tier is 1.2 m. For a diagram of the breakdown of brickwork into tiers, see Fig. 18.

Having completed the brickwork on the first tier, the masons move on to work on the second tier. Work on the second and third tiers is carried out from scaffolding and is similar to work on the first tier.

When laying partitions, special attention is paid to the quality of filling the joints with mortar, the correct position of each brick, and the verticality of the masonry as a whole.

As the masonry progresses, reinforcement and lintels are installed over the openings. The verticality and horizontality of the masonry rows are periodically checked using a plumb line, rule and level. The masonry is leveled by lightly tapping it with a pick-hammer according to the rule applied on the outside of the partitions.

When breaking masonry with a vertical groove, a mesh (reinforcement) of longitudinal rods with a diameter of no more than 6 mm, of transverse rods - no more than 3 mm with a distance of up to 1.5 m along the height of the masonry, as well as at the level of each ceilings

The number of longitudinal reinforcement bars is taken at the rate of one bar for every 12 cm of wall thickness, but not less than two for a wall thickness of 12 cm.

The floor is closed only after the installation of partitions.

In the places where the partitions meet the ceiling, mortgages are installed. The embedded parts are fastened on both sides of the partition in a checkerboard pattern, see fig. 23. The installation step of embedded parts should not exceed 1.5 m on each side.

Rice. 23. Scheme of fastening partitions in places where they interface with the overlap with embedded parts

There are many varieties of brickwork, each of which differs in the specific placement of products relative to each other. But what is common to all is that they are built on a previously prepared, solid foundation. It is worth noting that such work cannot be carried out in an apartment in a multi-storey building without special permission from the supervisory authorities, since this structure has significant weight.

But when building or remodeling a private house, laying brick walls is the most commonly used method of dividing interior spaces. In contrast to the options for using sheets of plasterboard, ply plywood and a number of other materials for these purposes, a brick partition, although it requires a lot of labor and financial investment, has undeniable advantages:

Good sound insulation;
fire safety;
moisture resistance;
possibility of further finishing with any material;
strength.

The last point from a practical point of view is the most significant, since it is unlikely that it will be possible to hang anything significant on a partition made of gypsum plasterboard (plasterboard). By the way, attaching weighty interior parts (for example, hanging shelves or cabinets) even to a stronger base - blocks of cellular concrete, which are used in the construction of internal walls, is also quite problematic.

In practice, for the construction of partitions, a more “economical” brick masonry is usually used, which is called “½” or “¼”. Although the latter method is used less frequently, as a rule, when separating utility rooms (storage rooms, toilet rooms, etc.).

By the way, the installation of partitions (they are also called “partitions”) is much simpler than the installation of masonry in a “new building”, since there are already ready-made landmarks - the floor and walls of the room. Let's consider the methodology for carrying out work using the “half-brick” method.

Main stages

Preparation

The peculiarity is that in addition to traditional materials for preparing the mortar, as well as the bricks themselves, you also need to prepare metal plates or reinforcing rods. They will be needed to fasten the partition to adjacent surfaces (load-bearing or internal).

Marking

Perhaps this is the main stage. The evenness of the septum and the quality of work depend on the correct implementation of all operations. First, the outline of the future brick wall is drawn on the floor (2 parallel lines at intervals the width of the brick). In those places where they abut the walls of the room, vertical lines are marked - up to the ceiling.

Experienced craftsmen argue that it is better to spend more time on this and do everything more carefully and efficiently than to redo and change something later. Then further work will go much faster.

First, the 1st row is laid along the entire horizontal marking. It is necessary to do this work especially carefully, maintaining strict symmetry with respect to the lines. The geometry of the entire partition largely depends on the evenness of the bottom row of bricks.

The rest of the technique is simple, but some recommendations must be followed.

The bricks are laid along the markings (their end parts are joined - “butt” edges).

The middle of the top brick should be located above the seam of the bottom row. This will prevent the formation of a continuous vertical line of mortar, which will degrade the strength of the partition wall.

Except for the first, all other rows are laid out along a stretched string (nylon cord, thick fishing line). The main thing is that there is no “sagging”. How to secure it? Several methods can be recommended.

Firstly, fix the ends of the string on adjacent walls. For example, first tie long nails or a piece of reinforcement on both sides and press down with the same bricks.

Secondly, along the vertical marking lines (which reach the ceiling), place slats, firmly fixing them on adjacent surfaces. You can, for example, put small nails on the racks at certain intervals, onto which you can wind the cord.

Third, make a template. These are the same slats on which high-quality planed boards are stacked horizontally. The result is a shield that will prevent the bricks from skewing in its direction.

The meaning is clear, so each master will figure out for himself how it is easier and more convenient for him to make the appropriate horizontal landmark based on local conditions.

After laying bricks into the wall for about 3-4 rows, you need to check the verticality of the surface along its entire length. Control is carried out by a plumb line or level.

Approximately every 5 rows it is necessary to fasten the masonry to the adjacent surface. If a rod is used for fixation, then a section of it is driven in, “embedded”, and so on (depending on the material of the adjacent wall). If fastening is done using a plate, then it is bent with the letter “G”. Its long part is laid on top of the last brick in the row, and the short part is fixed on the adjacent wall using a dowel and a screw with preliminary drilling of a hole for the “landing”.

If a window frame or doorway is to be installed in the partition, then it is advisable to use a block as an upper lintel. But in order not to complicate your further work, it is advisable to select its thickness so that it is a multiple of 1-2 bricks. Then the order of laying the rows will not be disrupted. It is also necessary to provide wooden inserts on the sides of the openings to which the frame (frame) will be attached.

To make the entire structure more stable, it is advisable to reinforce it with a rod (section up to 6 mm).

The solution used must be at least grade 10.

After laying the last row, there remains a gap between it and the ceiling. Therefore, mortar is spread on the bricks, and then this opening is tightly sealed with broken bricks, after which it is surface coated.

If the external finishing of the partition with another material is not provided, then it is advisable to ensure that the seams between the bricks are white. This can be achieved if you use white cement or a mixture of quicklime + slaked lime to prepare the solution.