You've probably seen many examples of building good sheds online, but you haven't found any quality information. Which is not surprising, because building a shed is not building a house. There really are fewer nuances here. Although this small architectural form has plenty of purposes, and it is not built only to cover a car.

There are several types of canopies: a gazebo canopy, a canopy for fashionable intellectual games with friends in the evenings, a canopy for a mini-workshop, a canopy for the passage between the bathhouse and the house, and much more. And, you see, you want to initially build any of these options to be strong, durable and pleasing to the eye. Therefore, in this article we discuss in detail the construction of a shed with a pitched roof - from a variety of materials. Study!

Stage I. Design

A shed with a pitched roof is the simplest design that even a beginner can handle. Most often, sheds are installed on the north side of the house, which is usually not suitable for anything larger: it is useless to grow anything near it, and because of the falling shadow it will always be cool there.

So, place the corner points of the future canopy directly on the ground. For convenience, use two stakes that are connected to each other by a rail. In total you will need about 10 of these, and they will help you lay out the correct markings for the future canopy.

Now let's move on to choosing the roof slope. Let's clarify that any roof suffers most from these two factors: wind and load from precipitation, and the smaller the angle of inclination of a pitched roof, the less wind affects it, but the steeper the roof, the worse snow and water are retained on it.

In order for water to completely drain from the shed roof, the angle of inclination should be at least 15 degrees. And to do this, cut both edges of the boards at this angle. In general, select the angle of inclination of the shed roof in accordance with the conditions of your region. For such a building, a slope of 15-20 degrees is usually recommended.

Here, for example, is how to build the simplest shed with a pitched roof:

And the same standard roof with a standard slope for such a building.

Stage II. Material selection

As for the design of the canopy, there are no special restrictions. Recommendations only. For example, if you are going to build a canopy adjacent to the house, then it is better to use the same roof covering that is already on the house, and give preference to wood or metal from frame materials. But this is a rule to which there are always exceptions.

Roof covering

Decide what material the roof of this shed will be made of. After all, each modern coating has its own requirements for the base, its own weight and installation features. So, a single sheet of corrugated sheeting is light and convenient, and there is nothing easier than fixing it on such a canopy. But it has a significant drawback - a large windage. It is these shed roofs that are most often torn off by strong storms. Therefore, think about it, if the wind load in your area is really high, do not use a complete roofing covering.

There is also an issue here that you should think about. The fact is that in the summer heat it will be almost unbearable to work under a canopy with a metal roof. Do you agree? Therefore, if the canopy is located in an area open to the sun, then:

• or use roofing material that has low thermal conductivity,
• or you will have to construct a roofing pie with insulation.

Materials that are excellent at absorbing heat include ceramic tiles, wood shingles, and the like. If you decide not to disturb the overall harmony with the house, and you have to use the same metal tiles that are already on the roof of the house, then additionally purchase:

• several rolls or packs of thermal insulation;
• vapor barrier film;
• waterproofing film;
• fasteners for additional sheathing.

Good old slate is also popular. You don’t need a strong base, because slate has always had considerable weight. But it also absorbs heat.

Although for a small shed it is difficult to come up with anything better than flexible tiles. Moreover, you can cut it yourself:

But polycarbonate, which is particularly light weight, durable, and performs remarkably well in harsh operating conditions, is becoming more and more in demand as a covering for a canopy.

Polycarbonate is a popular lightweight transparent material that is 250 times stronger than glass. It is ideal for summer structures, easy to cut and looks beautiful.

For example, it can withstand large amounts of snow, strong winds and does not fade in the sun. The advantages of such roofing material are that it allows light to pass through, and therefore you can carry out the necessary activities with your car, as they say, without leaving the cash register.

Therefore, in principle, you won’t have to think about almost all the disadvantages of a pitched roof if you cover your canopy with a material such as polycarbonate:

Frame material

A canopy is rightfully considered a seasonal building, and therefore expensive building materials are not usually used for its construction. The second point: most often, construction on your own site, not regarding a residential building, has to be done with your own hands. And therefore, often the material that is used is not the material that is most durable and light, but the one that remains after the construction of the main object, or you can work with it yourself without much experience.

This is why wood is used in 90% of garden buildings: it is easy to cut, process and install without any special effort. Well, it has many disadvantages: poor resistance to moisture, fire resistance and lack of durability.

If you have experience working with a welding machine, we recommend that you use metal for such construction. Thus, metal profiled pipes are ideal for constructing a lean-to canopy. They are much stronger and more reliable than metal rods, and their protective layer, where zinc is used, practically does not require restoration.

By the way, you can build your own shed with a pitched roof from metal without the help of welding if you purchase metal brackets. It is, of course, advisable to weld metal elements, but if you don’t have the necessary experience and capabilities, brackets are quite suitable.

Stage III. Construction of the foundation

So, we’ve decided on the material – it’s time to start construction:

• Step 1. So, we dig cylindrical holes. Make the depth from 60 centimeters to 90. In total, for this option we will need 6 holes.
• Step 2. We prepare the concrete separately, for example, in an old bathtub, where it is easy to mix cement and sand with gravel. Take the proportions 1:3:5. Add water.
• Step 3. Mix well and pour a layer of concrete into the holes so that the thickness is 5 centimeters, and lower the pipes there. They will serve as formwork for the foundation.
• Step 4. Now we fix the pipes from the outside. Fill with concrete.
• Step 5. Level the pipes and make shelves for them from boards.
• Step 6. Now we wait three days for the mixture to harden. The easiest way to install wooden posts on such a foundation is with an anchor, which is installed on completely hardened concrete.
• Step 7. Now we connect the support beams to this pillar. We screw the boards with self-tapping screws so that they protrude about 3 centimeters beyond the edges of each post. And on the side these protrusions will be needed to fasten the crossbar of the sheathing.
• Step 8. To give the entire structure greater rigidity, especially if the anchors have come loose, use spacers. The spacers are cut at an angle of 45 degrees and screwed with self-tapping screws.

That's all! The hardest part is behind us.

Stage IV. Frame assembly

Now we are installing the pillars of the future canopy. To do this, use the same 50x150 boards. It is better to make jibs at the top and bottom so that they do not interfere with the operation of the building:

Here's how to properly build a shed from a profile pipe: here the ready-made element of the shed roof will be a truss. You will need to cook it from metal on the ground. As a result, you will have an equilateral triangle with a central element that will go from the top of the triangle to the middle of its crossbar. If you remember your school geometry course, this is the altitude of a triangle.

To make the rafters themselves, you will need a profile pipe with a cross-section of 20x20 millimeters, or an iron rod with a diameter of 10 millimeters. For light weights, the second option is more suitable, since it is easier to work with: you will not need to cut at an angle. But for a good canopy it is better to use, of course, a profile pipe.

So, we build a metal shed with a pitched roof step by step, with our own hands:

• Step 1. Making the foundation. For this purpose, we dig holes in the ground a little more than a meter deep, and narrower ones up to one and a half meters. We fill these holes with gravel to a depth of 20 centimeters.
• Step 2. Insert pipes with a cross section of 25x25 millimeters into these holes.
• Step 3. Install supports in the pits, fill them with medium gravel and concrete them.
• Step 4. Next, check the height of the racks - it should correspond to the angle of inclination of the future roof.
• Step 5: Now weld the pipes to the tops and post. Now check and clean all seams. Prime the surface and paint. It is better to use modern anti-corrosion paint for this purpose.
• Step 6. Lift and install the finished firms, and make movable jumpers between the trusses at a distance of 50 centimeters.

In addition, you can visually close such a canopy from the entire other area, but without blank walls, using a pergola:

Stage V. Lathing

You cannot assemble wooden roof trusses using nails, modern metal fastening plates, or angles. We advise you to use plates, which perfectly hold the fastened elements and the gable roof turns out to be very durable. Moreover, they are easy to use.

You just need a good press machine or a regular hammer, depending on which fastener you choose. In the ridge, all these construction firms will be connected by one beam, along which you will align the distance between the trusses so that it is the same.

Now we move on to installing the crossbars. The first way is to attach the support beam with self-tapping screws using fastening metal corners. It is important that there is a distance of 50 to 55 cm between the crossbars.

As for the sheathing and its density, this issue should be based on what roofing material you will use. For example, for something as heavy as shingles, you will need to make an almost continuous sheathing so that it can support the weight of the covering. Moreover, sometimes you have to use OSB boards. But for corrugated sheeting, lathing with a pitch of 60 cm is quite suitable. Continuous lathing should also be for a soft roof, like roofing felt or flexible tiles.

More details in the video:

Stage VI. Roofing pie device

What is insulation? First of all, it is a waterproofing film, which is located directly under the roofing. The main task is to prevent moisture from getting in after rain or from melted snow through problem areas in the roofing.

If this is planned, you will do everything in the following sequence:

• Step 1. Place a vapor barrier film on the finished canopy joists and nail it in place using nails or a construction stapler.
• Step 2. Place thermal insulation on the film.
• Step 3. Cover it all with another film - waterproofing. Also nail it to the joists.
• Step 4. Nail the batten and roofing on top.

Ventilation of such a roof is mandatory. Forced, if you install a special fan, or natural, if you position the dormer window correctly or leave a mandatory gap between the waterproofing film and the insulation so that the air takes away droplets of moisture from it.

Stage VII. Roofing installation

Everything here is the same as with a regular roof, just follow the manufacturer's instructions. There are subtleties only in working with translucent materials.

To cover a polycarbonate canopy, follow these steps:

• Step 1. Trim the ends and seal them with profiled tape.
• Step 2. Mark and drill special holes for thermal washers so that they are 2-3 millimeters wider.
• Step 3. Secure the polycarbonate sheets to the racks with a special connecting profile.
• Step 4. Lay the polycarbonate starting from the lower left corner of the slope.
• Step 5. Attach the sheets to special thermal washers and do not skimp on these elements.

That's all! If you attach a shed with a pitched roof directly to the wall, then make the trusses in the form of a right triangle, but also with spacers inside and at an angle of 20-25 degrees.

Stage VIII. Organization of drainage

The canopy well protects from sunlight and precipitation what is located under it - a car, a gazebo or a swimming pool. The only disadvantage of a particular pitched roof is that water flows from it only in one direction. Therefore, if you do not want to get an eternally non-drying puddle right next to the canopy, and drainage.

As you can see, everything is as simple as shelling pears!

Very often, owners of private buildings attach a canopy to their house in order to take advantage of all its practical advantages, as well as to make their property look attractive. The only drawback of such an area is that it cannot be used in winter (perhaps an attached winter garden would be more suitable for you), but the rest of the time it will be pleasant to relax here, enjoy fresh air, relax with your family and receive guests.

Today we will look at options on how to properly build a canopy in the yard at minimal cost and in a short time.

Purpose and design features

Serving a variety of functions, a beautiful yard canopy can be designed in a variety of ways. The classification of such extensions is carried out taking into account the following factors.

Based on this feature, canopies are divided into:

• single- and double-slope inclined types;
• multifaceted and straight. The first include pyramids, original arcs, graceful domes, exotic arches, and polygons.

Location

This feature distinguishes between a free-standing landscape element and a canopy attached to the house in front of the entrance or representing a continuation of the terrace.

Material

Here you can highlight popular options for stone and wooden extensions. Sometimes polycarbonate or a combined technique is used for installation.

For a long time, metal tile and slate components were used for roofing, but now almost everyone prefers polycarbonate. Such demand for this material is due to its flexibility and ease of installation, resistance to mechanical stress and the vagaries of weather. When constructing a canopy near a house using polycarbonate, it is very easy to cut this material into parts of any shape. To perform such an operation, it is enough to have a stationery knife or jigsaw.

It will not be difficult to attach sheets to a wide variety of bases made of wood, plastic or metal. Polyurethane glue perfectly holds polycarbonate parts together.

So what can you use to make an original canopy for your home at the lowest cost? Let's look at the two most popular methods.

Canopy with slate on a metal frame base

If you read the instructions, building an object adjacent to the house is not as difficult as it sometimes seems. First of all, you should pay attention to the fact that we are using all the free space in front of the house. We determine the size of the territory used and the volume of necessary materials.

In our case, we will consider the option of working on an area of ​​6.5 square meters. m.

Tools and materials

To carry out the entire range of activities, you will need to purchase:

• Profile pipe with parameters 40x40x1.5 mm. 3 pipes 6 m long are required.
• We will prepare a pipe of 80x40x2 mm in the same quantity and the same length.
• Binding material – 2 bags of cement.
• Edged boards - 9 pieces of 6 meters each with dimensions 40x150 mm.
• Slate of eight-wave modification 1.15x1.75 m in the amount of 20 sheets.
• 50 pieces of slate nails.
• About a cubic meter of sand and crushed stone.
• 2 kg of primer for metal.
• A bayonet shovel and a rake, a brush.

A set of high-quality tools will make the process of constructing a canopy along the house pleasant and easy. To do this you will need a set of certain equipment:

• reliable welding machine;
• 1 pack of electrodes with a diameter of 3 mm;
• face shield;
• convenient hammer;
• 4 pieces of cutting discs for metal with a diameter of 125 mm and one for grinding. Disc thickness – from 1.6 to 2 mm;
• Bulgarian.

The canopy of the designated area will be simple in design due to the lack of dimensional parts.

Installation work

How to properly make a canopy for your house with your own hands and get the desired result in a short time? The solution to this problem is achieved by strictly observing the sequence of all stages of the production process:

1. A beautiful canopy for a wall always begins with a simple but very important process - marking for future supporting components and checking the identity of the distances between opposite corners of the perimeter, checking the required dimensions. Taking into account the selected dimensions of the pipes, we dig holes under the supports. The dimensions of the holes are one and a half bayonet widths and 0.6-0.9 meters deep. To ensure water drainage from the roof, we calculate the slope with parameters of 10 cm per linear meter of the roof. For our option, we plan the upper racks to be 3.3 m long, and the lower ones will be 2.7 m long.
2. Square flanges are welded onto the supporting elements of the canopies near the house. A support element at the bottom and a platform for welding plugs and rafter components at the top will provide protection against subsidence. In addition, plugs on the 80x40x2 pipe will prevent the appearance of internal rust. Cleaned and primed areas of welding application are coated with paint.
3. Before installation, check the dimensions and fill the supporting units with cement mortar. After giving the material a day to harden, we lay 80x40 mm rafter pipes. In this case, welding requires a slight exit beyond the perimeter of the rack.
4. How to further build a canopy for the house using only your own strength? First, you need to lay out the entire board and slate so that the sheet at the bottom has an outlet of roofing material within 150-200 mm, and each lower roofing element overlaps the upper one by 100-120 mm. We cut the issue of boards on the sides to the same length, approximately 5-15 cm. After this, we calculate, not forgetting the need to overlap one wave, the length of the slate row. Connecting boards using nailing and subsequent welding on the inside remains the most affordable option. You can attach the board with self-tapping screws. A hole is drilled at the connection point and a countersunk hole is made for screwing.

Construction of a canopy made of wood

This method is very popular due to the minimal cost of improvement. Let's look at how to properly make a beautiful canopy for your house.

Design stage

To avoid problems during the work, it is important to take the development stage of the canopy project with full responsibility.

It is necessary to take into account the characteristics of the façade and foundation of a permanent structure. It is important to take into account such climatic factors as the wind rose, the amount of snow cover in this zone, and access to a certain part of the world. You need to clarify in advance the design of the canopy in the yard, the shape and dimensions of the structure. An extension made from this material will look perfect and be conveniently mounted above the porch.

Careful determination of the parameters of a clean roof is mandatory for easy and quick installation.

Arrangement of racks and rafters

One of the important stages in the construction of wooden canopies for a house is the choice of construction material. Any option will do, but try to use pine if possible. The wood for this type of construction is distinguished by good durability, low weight and pleasant appearance.

A cross-section of 75x75 mm or more is recommended. The material is carefully inspected to ensure that there is no bark. The part installed in the ground is covered with agents that prevent rotting. The main rule during installation is to maintain the placement parameters of about 100 cm between the pillars and arrange them in a certain order so that the roof in the side parts has 50-100 mm of protrusion, and in the front - up to 200.
Half-meter wells are prepared along a common straight line while simultaneously checking suspended diagonals. A level is used to maintain the strict verticality of the racks. For reliable fixation, auxiliary bars are used. After completion of the work, these elements can be easily removed.

During construction, the internal space of the recesses is filled with concrete mortar or crushed stone. The method of using crushed stone looks more economical.

Trimming with a bevel according to the angle of inclination of the plane is done in the upper part of the pillars. This will allow the rafters to lie tightly on the ends of the beam.

The minimum height of the racks at the bottom of the slope is 1800 mm. Below this parameter is allowed when planning in this part of the rack or table.

150x50 mm beams, called rafters, are needed for installing the system. The indicated dimensions are optimal for a span with parameters of 6 meters, if the design weight and slope of the canopy adjacent to the house are correctly calculated.

The spacing between the rafters is 1 meter. You can attach the canopy to the wall or support board with one side of the rafters, and the other rests on the posts. For fixation, self-tapping screws or steel angles are used.

Final stage

How to properly make the roof of a canopy for a house with your own hands? To do this, it is important to arrange the sheathing strictly at right angles. 900 mm between the axes of the elements is a mandatory requirement for installing 30x160 mm edged boards. It is important that it is located at the joint areas and in the center of the slate or metal tiles.

We begin laying the covering. 11 screws are required for each sheet for screwing. Special gaskets ensure reliable fixation. Rows with 100 mm overlapping each other are laid starting from the bottom of the structure. Cutting is conveniently performed with a diamond-coated wheel installed in the grinder.

Now you have a wonderful extension! Now you can take care of the beautiful design and arrangement for a pleasant stay.

With the help of canopies, you can protect your home from rain, snow and sun, expand your living space, and shelter your car or other equipment from precipitation. With the many functions that this extension performs, building a canopy with your own hands is more than a doable task even for a beginner!

Shed structures - from extension to construction!

A canopy is a general name for a very large number of different extensions and independent buildings. The designs of canopies are very different - single-slope and double-slope, straight and multi-faceted. And the classification according to the location of structures is even greater:

• attached canopies are erected close to the wall of a house or other building, above the entrance or above an open balcony or veranda. Such structures are easy to carry out after the construction of the house; initially they are not included in the building plan;
• built-in structures are part of the architectural ensemble; they are provided for at the building design stage. Such canopies are most often built over a barbecue area, making it like an extension of the house;
• free-standing sheds are erected away from buildings. Most often, these are built due to the lack of a garage, or for short-term storage of any materials. Free-standing structures are also popular in wide open areas, where they are arranged for people to relax, as an alternative to gazebos.

A variety of materials are used for canopies, both to create the supporting structure itself and for the roof. Traditionally this is wood, polycarbonate, corrugated sheets, metal profiles, reeds. “Living” canopies look very original, the roof of which is completely overgrown with vines, for example, girl’s grapes. The easiest way to do this is that the bars can also be replaced with metal pipes.

Building a canopy with your own hands - where to start?

Let's consider the option of building a free-standing canopy with your own hands, without the involvement of specialists and assistants. To implement the 6*3 m canopy project at the first stage you will need:

• six profile pipes 100*100*4000 mm;
• 13 boards 50*150*6000 mm;
• 15 boards 30*150*6000 mm;
• 2-3 bags of cement;
• 0.2 m 3 crushed stone;
• 0.2 m 3 sand;
• Bulgarian;
• concrete mixer or container for manual mixing of concrete.

Try to make purchases immediately before starting work, since for convenience it is best to store all materials directly at the construction site. After purchasing, we make markings for the supports; we need to create a rectangle, the sides of which are 3 and 6 m. On the six-meter sides we will place three supports, for which we need to dig holes, making them deeper than the soil freezing layer.

The upper ends of the supports must first be prepared for attaching the beams. This is not difficult to do, but you will need a grinder. Using a tool, we cut the ends at the corners by 100 mm and bend two opposite sides inward, forming a place for landing the beam. In the standing sides we make two holes for bolts with which the beams will be securely fastened.

We pour some crushed stone into the prepared holes at the bottom, install the racks and fix them with guy ropes. We align the profiles on a six-meter board, which must be attached to the two outer posts. The middle support can also be placed on the same board. To level the top ends of the posts, measure two meters from the top ends and make appropriate marks. Having stretched the twine between the outer posts, using a liquid level, which must be applied to the horizontally stretched twine, we check the correct location of the supports.

When you're done with one side, move on to the next. Everything needs to be done according to the same algorithm, the only difference between the sides is the different heights of the supports. One of the sides should be 30-50 cm higher for water drainage. When the racks are installed and fixed, start preparing the solution - for 1 part of cement you need 3 parts of sand and 4 parts of crushed stone. Pour the prepared solution into the holes with exposed supports. After letting it harden a little, you should fix the upper ends by placing the boards on the prepared places.

It is advisable to wait until the concrete gains sufficient rigidity; this can take from two weeks to a month.

Don't forget to water it in hot weather, and if frost is approaching, cover the supports at the base with a good layer of soil. It is best to wait for the period required for complete hardening, but if necessary, you can begin the final stage within a few days.

How to make a canopy - let's get down to the rafters and roofing!

When the concrete has hardened properly, it’s time to start working on the rafters and roofing. You will need materials and tools such as:

• metal tiles or polycarbonate or other type of roofing – 18 m2;
• self-tapping screws for metal tiles (160 pcs) or fastenings for other types of roofing;
• 0.5 kg nails (120 mm);
• 10 bolts with nuts (diameter – 10 mm, length – 150 mm);
• fasteners for gutters (20 pcs);
• drain gutters - 6 meters.

How to make a canopy - step by step diagram

Step 1: Installing Beams Between Posts

Timber can be used as beams, but after some time longitudinal cracks may appear in it, which impairs the rigidity of this material. Therefore, it is recommended to use two boards 50*150*6000 mm, which are bolted together.

Step 2: Installing rafters and sheathing

Transverse boards are fixed to the beams at a distance of 75 cm from each other. Across these boards at the edges and in the middle we lay boards with a smaller cross-section to ensure stability in the vertical position. The boards should be fastened to the beams with ordinary nails, since the self-tapping screws break due to vibration, because they are heated during production. After securing the boards, we install the remaining “thirties”, to which we will then screw the metal tiles. The distance between the boards should be equal to or less than the wave width of the roofing material.

Step 3: Laying the roof

When installing metal tiles, you need to attach the bottom sheets first, and then the top ones. If there is excess, it is better to trim it with a grinder or metal scissors. There are special fasteners for this.

Step 4: Spillway

When the roof is ready, it's time to start installing drain gutters. We measure the required length, cut off the excess with a grinder, and, distributing them evenly along the entire length of the canopy, fasten them with self-tapping screws. When all the fasteners are installed, it's time to lay the gutters in them. You can study the same diagram before making a canopy over the garage - this task will differ only in the absence of two racks that will be replaced by the garage wall. Under such a canopy, not only a person, but also a car can easily hide from rain or other precipitation.

Important nuances - what you shouldn’t forget!

You already know how to make a canopy, all you have to do is figure out how to extend its service life. To do this, treat both metal and wooden elements with protective compounds before installation. In the case of metal pipes, these are anti-corrosion primers, and it is important to treat wooden elements with anti-fungal and water-repellent primers. They come in both colorless and tinted, so in addition to their protective function, they will also add visual appeal to the canopy.

After making a canopy, do not forget to pay attention to the floor. There are many options - from a concrete screed to a cushion of gravel or crushed stone. If the canopy is built at the house, then the best option would be wooden flooring. A few sockets and good lighting under the canopy would be helpful. In order not to spend money on unnecessary building materials, plant climbing plants around the canopy, for example, virgin grapes, which can cover a huge area in one season. This is both beautiful and practical, because thanks to the vines you will get good protection from the wind.

Metal sheds are reliable, functional outbuildings, durable, practical, but visually light, fit harmoniously into the landscape of the site, and do not clutter up the natural landscape. In the article we will look at the advantages and disadvantages of metal structures, what is best to build from, we will offer examples of simple projects, and we will tell you how to correctly calculate the dimensions of a building, as well as its individual elements.

We will provide detailed, step-by-step instructions on how to make a lean-to canopy from a metal profile with your own hands; the example drawings were chosen with medium dimensions; if necessary, they can be adjusted to individual conditions.

General characteristics of metal canopies

Metal canopies, a photo diagram of the standard design is given below, can be made with your own hands, even if you are far from building. The construction of the building is simple - these are vertical supports-pillars, a roof truss is attached to them, then the sheathing is installed, then the roof.

Canopies made of metal profiles, the photo shows a general view of the standard design

Application area

Metal canopies are widely popular in private individual as well as commercial construction. These are covered parking lots, stops - shelter for people waiting for public transport, structures above the entrance to the building, according to regulatory regulations their presence is mandatory in houses above 2 floors, canopies over the gate, galleries leading from the gate to the house, outbuildings - shelters for firewood, other utensils, gazebos - from mini structures to combined buildings, sometimes two-story.

Project of a free-standing metal canopy made from a profile

Constructive

Metal canopies can be divided into three types:

• Mini designs - canopies, mobile gazebos, single product - barbecue with a roof.
• Independent free-standing metal buildings.
• Combined - extensions to a garage, house, bathhouse, etc., most often a veranda, terrace - a place to relax, or a shed for utility purposes.

Drawing of a cantilever-beam attached metal canopy for a house

The design of a canopy made of metal structures is made based on the functionality of the building, these can be:

• open buildings consisting of supports and a roof;
• closed buildings, where the sides are covered with sheet material, panels, wood, gratings, glazed, covered with thick curtains, awnings, fabric with special moisture-resistant impregnation, tarpaulin, soft glazing.

Canopy made of metal profiles and soft tiles for firewood

Large metal structure combined with brickwork

Open metal canopies, due to the light weight of the structure, are often installed on the roof of a garage, summer kitchen, or gazebo. This solution is a great opportunity to organize a comfortable seating area with a great view if there is no space on the site for an independent building.

Advantages and disadvantages of metal canopies

Making a canopy with your own hands from metal is a profitable, practical solution; if construction technology is followed and proper care is taken, the building will serve faithfully for several decades.

Metal structures are not afraid of temperature deltas and are resistant to natural physico-chemical, biological, and mechanical loads. But the metal quickly heats up and cools down, this should be taken into account when building canopies for relaxation over the barbecue, so it is better to provide protective elements, for example, make railings in the gazebo, as well as wooden seats.

The main enemy of metal canopies is rust, which can cause significant harm, even destroy the structure in a short period of time. Treatment and protection of the metal elements of the canopy will help to avoid fatal consequences.

Drawing of a metal canopy over the porch

Materials

Metal canopies are divided according to materials of manufacture:

It is more practical and economical to build a canopy from a profile pipe with your own hands. Over time, it can be covered with curtains, glazed, covered with brick, stone, decorated with forging, wooden lattice.

Drawing of a standard cantilever metal canopy over the entrance door

The technical side of the issue - projects, diagrams, drawings, calculations

Analyzing any drawing of a canopy made of a profile pipe, the structure can be represented in two parts: a metal frame and a roof. The base is vertical pillars made of a round pipe or a square profile, along the upper heads of which there is a metal band or a lower chord of the truss. This gives the metal structure rigidity and helps maintain its geometry even under significant loads.

Supports

It is recommended to place the pillars at a distance of 1.5-2 m from each other. If the building is adjacent to a house, garage, bathhouse, etc., then it is advisable to also place support columns near the main building that will support the canopy. If this is not possible, in order to attach the canopy to a house made of metal profiles, you should attach a transverse beam to the load-bearing wall with your own hands, which will serve as a support for the truss. Long anchors are used in the work. The solution will help distribute the loads evenly across the entire load-bearing wall.

Farms

The canopy rafter system bears the main load from precipitation and gusts of wind, so it is important to make the correct calculation of the trusses and determine the thickness of the profile for its manufacture. Sheds made of metal profiles, photo examples below, are installed under a single-, gable- or arched roof.

What canopies you can make from a profile pipe with your own hands, photo examples of different types of roofs

Farms are:

• Triangular, polygonal, parallel, broken - determined by the contour of the belt.
• Inside the belt there can be lattices - triangular, rhombic, oblique and semi-oblique.
• According to the method of support - cantilever, beam, arched, beam-cantilever.

Typical arch trusses for metal canopies

To correctly calculate a truss made from a profile pipe for a canopy, it is necessary to take into account snow and wind loads, the angle of the roof, and the size of the structure. Experts will help you avoid errors in fairly complex engineering calculations, or you should use an online calculator.

For the manufacture of small or medium-sized metal canopies, in private it is better to use ready-made drawings and projects, to make universal trusses that are suitable for all types of structures.

Standard trusses for sheds

The optimal roof slope is 15-25 o, suitable for all types of roofing materials: polycarbonate, corrugated sheets, soft roofing, metal tiles, etc.

Requirements for materials and fastening

In order for a canopy frame made from a profile pipe to meet quality standards, a number of conditions must be met:

• It is unacceptable to use a profile with cracks for the manufacture of units and load-bearing elements of the canopy.
• The end of the supporting ribs must have a roughness of Ra £ 12.5 microns, which is regulated by GOST 2789-73.
• For lower belt trusses, steel without internal layers is used; coarse slag inclusions are strictly prohibited.
• According to GOST section 14771-76, connections should be made by mechanical welding, using carbon dioxide or a mixture of carbon and argon.
• Guided by clauses 2246-70 and 26271-84 of GOST, PP-AN-8 wire is required for welding.
• GOST part 7798-70 states: rafters are attached to vertical supports and rafter parts with bolts of class 5.8.

Diagram with dimensions according to which you can build a standard carport with your own hands from metal

How to make a metal canopy with your own hands - step-by-step instructions

We will make a canopy from metal profiles with our own hands, we took standard drawings, adapted them to the size of the site, the dimensions of the building are 4 * 3 m, the roof is made of polycarbonate 8 mm thick.

Standard scheme according to which we will build a canopy from a metal profile with our own hands, photo of a typical design with an arched roof

Foundation

We fence the area with pegs, pull the rope, mark the location of the pillars, check the geometry, the diagonals must be equal. We remove the top soft layer of soil, dig holes for supports, 700 mm deep.

We fill the bottom with crushed stone and sandstone, layers of 100 ml each, and tamp the pillow. The area can be covered with paving slabs or filled with concrete. For concreting the site, a reinforcing frame is made from corrugated rods, a cell of 100 * 100, 200 * 200 mm, placed on a cushion so that the reinforcement does not touch the bottom by 50 mm, pebbles or ready-made stands should be placed. A sheathing is installed around the perimeter, a 100 mm thick slab is poured with concrete at once, without interruptions. The reinforcement must be immersed on all sides in the solution by 50 mm.

How to concrete a metal pole

We pour concrete at the bottom of the pits, a layer of 100 mm, insert columns from a profile pipe, check the verticals, and fill the solution to ground level. If necessary, we place selections before the concrete has completely hardened in order to maintain the geometry of the canopy frame.

After a week, when the solution gains strength, we cut the pillars to size. We weld the trim along the top ends, this will hold the building together and give it rigidity.

How to weld a truss for a canopy

It is better to make a truss on the ground, then lift it onto a frame. To bend the profile, you can use a special machine or make a rigid template with your own hands, according to which the truss parts will bend. Large stores provide a service for bending metal profiles to standard radii. Trusses should be installed every meter; in our building there are 5 of them. We will need 10 curved parts, as well as a 30*30*2 mm profile for the internal stiffeners.

How to attach a truss to a metal frame with bolts

We cut the truss elements to size and weld the main components of the rafter system. When all the parts are ready, we lift them onto the frame with a crane, then fasten them to the frame with bolts or by welding to a steel gusset. Next, we weld the sheathing from a profile 40*25*2 mm, distance 750 mm.

Treatment

After assembly, we clean the frame with a stiff brush, remove scale, remove signs of corrosion, then go through sandpaper to finally get rid of the lesions and also increase the adhesion of the surfaces. Before painting, to degrease the frame, it should be washed with a rag soaked in solvent; when it has completely evaporated, you can prime it.

The primer will protect the canopy from corrosion and significantly reduce paint consumption. If the paint composition does not have good hiding power, then the primer layer will provide a reliable protective layer and uniform color. For hammer compounds, one coat is sufficient; for coating with conventional paints, it is better to apply primer 2 times. Metal canopies are painted with brushes, rollers, the most advantageous method is spraying from a spray gun, which will significantly speed up the process, reduce paint consumption by one and a half to two times, and provide an even, complete, reliable, aesthetic coating.

Standard hammer effect paint colors

How to attach polycarbonate to a metal canopy frame

For metal canopies it is better to use cellular polycarbonate. Cut with a grinder and a metal disc. Sand the edges with fine abrasive to remove burrs. Polycarbonate can be fixed using thermal washers or using a special profile.

In the first case, holes are made 2 mm larger than the diameter of the mounting leg. A rubber seal is placed on the washer, which prevents dust and moisture from getting inside; the part is inserted into the hole until a characteristic click is heard. Point fastening allows the material to maneuver slightly, which protects the polycarbonate from deformation and cracks during operation of the material when cooling or heating.

Mounting on a thermal washer

The profile connection is more airtight, it is justified when panels need to be joined. The edges sit on thermal washers. Which type of profile to choose depends on the type of roof, so it is selected individually.

Detailed diagram-instructions on how to properly bend and fasten polycarbonate

Subsequently, the sides of the canopy can be covered with blank panels, glazed, curtains hung, or grapes, climbing roses, climbing plants can be planted; when they grow, you will get a beautiful, living gallery.

Be sure to watch how to make a canopy from metal with your own hands; the video explains in detail how to join the main components of the structure, weld the truss, and strengthen the frame. The video explains in detail what errors we encountered in practice, as well as how to eliminate them.

Having a canopy next to your home is a very practical solution. It can be used as a parking space, under its roof you can grill shish kebab in inclement weather or sit with a friendly group over a cup of tea.

Erecting a canopy with the right choice of materials does not require large financial expenditures. This review will tell you how to build a good canopy, relying solely on your own strength.

To build a reliable and inexpensive structure, it is necessary, first of all, to choose high-quality material.

Canopy base materials

Wooden structures

One of the simplest and most reliable options is to build a wooden canopy. Such a structure is easy to maintain; in addition, its construction does not require expensive construction equipment, such as a circular saw or welding equipment.

Edged timber is ideal as a material for supports, rafters can be made from edged boards, and the sheathing can be easily assembled from obapol.

Almost anyone can afford to assemble such a canopy, and with the help of special solutions you can greatly increase the durability of the wood, which will allow you to use the canopy for many years.

Metal constructions

Another popular material for making canopies is metal. The metal canopy differs from its predecessor in strength and durability.

It is easy to assemble such a canopy with minimal skills in working with a welding machine.

Only a radius profile can be classified as complex parts, but this part with the necessary bend can be manufactured at your request in any welding workshop.

Brick or stone structures

The construction of support pillars from brick or stone allows you to give a stylish look to your canopy. In this case, the rafters can be either wooden or metal.

Such a canopy is reliable and strong, but you should remember that it will not be possible to build it quickly due to the characteristics of the building materials.

Structures made of asbestos-cement pipes

This material is characterized by wear resistance and a long service life. In addition, the pipe can be easily sawed with a regular hacksaw if you immerse the desired area in water for two hours before cutting. Any rafters are suitable for such a canopy.

Choosing roofing material

The next stage is the choice of material for the roof itself. Below we will discuss in detail the most suitable materials for this.

• The most popular roofing material is polycarbonate. Its technical characteristics allow you to give the visor absolutely any shape;
• In addition to polycarbonate, roofs are often made from corrugated sheets. This material differs from others in its low cost, as well as simplicity and durability;
• A roof made of metal tiles will cost more than a similar one made of corrugated sheets, but will give your canopy a stylish look;
• In addition to all of the above, bitumen can be used as a roofing material. However, it should be remembered that bitumen requires a continuous sheathing, therefore, it can only be used if it is done in the same style as the house.

Choosing the right location as a means of saving on supports and roofing

There is a simple way to save significantly on the construction of a canopy structure, namely, build a canopy close to the house. Technically, the question of how to build a shed adjacent to the house is solved by installing two or three support pillars.

The number of pillars is calculated based on the dimensions of the cross beam and available building materials. For example, if a beam with a cross-section of 75x75 mm is used, then the gap between the posts should be about a meter. In this case, you can do without a cross beam, using the pillars themselves as support.

In the case where the beam has a cross-section of 150 cm or more, two corner posts are enough for support. A transverse load-bearing beam is attached to them, and then the rafters are attached to it. On the reverse side, the rafters are attached to a support beam, which is attached to the wall of the house ahead of time.

For greater reliability, additional supports are installed under the beam.

In addition to the simplicity of the design, a shed that is built close to the house is not as susceptible to wind as a building standing apart.

If it is decided not to attach a canopy, it is necessary to calculate the direction of the air flow in advance since the lower edge of the pitched roof should be located on the leeward side, which in turn can cause a number of inconveniences, in particular if the canopy will be used as a parking space.

Building a gable roof can solve the wind problem, but it will require a more complex rafter connection.

Building a lean-to shed

A lean-to canopy is a universal design, under which both tea parties and the owner’s iron horse can easily stand. To assemble such a canopy you need to do the following:

• install support pillars;
• install the rafter system;
• install the roof;
• lay out paving slabs.

Installing racks for the future canopy

Before installing the posts, you need to dig holes for the posts. The depth of the hole is 1.5 meters, the diameter should be 10 cm greater than the diameter of the pillar. The depth and diameter of the holes do not depend on the material of the post.

The bottom is laid out with sand or crushed stone to a height of 20 cm, then it is necessary to water the hole in order to compact it better.

If the pillars are wooden or metal, then they need to be treated with bitumen or wrapped with roofing felt to protect them from moisture penetration. After this, it is necessary to install the racks in a vertical position and fill them with concrete.

In the case when asbestos-cement pipes are used for the construction of supports, it is necessary to place reinforcement inside the pipe and pour concrete along the entire height of the pipe. When pouring the concrete mixture, it must be stirred regularly to avoid the formation of air voids. Pins are embedded in the upper part of the pillars, onto which the upper trim will be attached.

The next step is to secure the support beam to the wall of the house. It must be positioned slightly higher than the posts to provide the necessary slope so that snow does not accumulate on it, but falls freely down.

Self-tapping screws are suitable for fixing a beam on a wooden wall, but in order to fix a beam on a brick wall, you need to insert dowels into pre-drilled holes.

The nuances of installing a rafter system

The distance between the rafters is calculated taking into account the selected roof. It is best to use special programs for this purpose.

One edge of the rafter leg must be attached to a support beam on the wall. This can be done in two ways: the first is to prepare several grooves in the beam itself and insert the rafters into them, and then secure them with metal corners. The second option is to use special fasteners.

The second edge of the rafter leg is attached to the top trim of the posts. Since the roof weighs little, they can also be secured using metal corners. If the soil under the canopy is heaving, then it is better to use a movable connection of the rafters with the strapping to avoid subsidence of the racks.

We arrange the roof

The canopy does not require insulation or waterproofing. With rare exceptions, any roofing covering is attached to a sparse sheathing. Only soft tiles require continuous sheathing and waterproofing of OSB sheets.

In turn, corrugated sheeting can be laid directly on top of the rafters themselves. The sheets are laid across the rafters with an overlap and secured with self-tapping screws.

Modern construction technologies allow a person with almost any budget to build a canopy, so the answer to the question of how much it costs to build a canopy depends entirely on the desires of the buyer and his imagination.

This article discussed in detail all the stages of constructing a canopy. Now all that remains is to take the knowledge gained and begin building this practical and stylish part of the backyard landscape.

Photo ideas for beautiful awnings for a summer residence