Question: PLEASE! Correct any mistakes made in the use of numerals. Write down the correct option immediately. So many journalists, tourists, and guests entered the capital of the championship that its population increased by a couple of thousand. Three girls were playing with a ball. There were four cars parked outside the windows. Trucks were parked at both gates. I need two scissors. Both students were given A's. He delivered his remarks in three chats at once. Four female workers immediately submitted their resignations.

PLEASE! Correct any mistakes made in the use of numerals. Write down the correct option immediately. So many journalists, tourists, and guests entered the capital of the championship that its population increased by a couple of thousand. Three girls were playing with a ball. There were four cars parked outside the windows. Trucks were parked at both gates. I need two scissors. Both students were given A's. He delivered his remarks in three chats at once. Four female workers immediately submitted their resignations.

Answers:

So many journalists, tourists, and guests entered the capital of the championship that its population increased by a couple of thousand. Three girls were playing with a ball. There were four cars parked outside the windows. Trucks were parked at both gates. I need two scissors. Both students were given A's. He gave his remarks in three chats at once. Four female employees immediately submitted their resignations.

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My son is growing up, and I am sad to see that today’s children are completely different from us. We read books, went to the cinema together, and then acted out battle scenes, we communicated more, became friends. We also ran in the yards and played, and there are many reasons why modern children go out with their peers so little, this is a crime situation, and studies, which children are overloaded with, and computers, but... I feel sorry for them, they are deprived amazing adventures and memories that will last a lifetime.

1. Hali-halo

Rules of the game
To begin with, the driver is chosen using a counting rhyme. The driver picks up the ball and asks the rest of the guys a word. Usually they say which category the invented word belongs to and its first and last letter. For example, the driver thought of the word bed. He says it's a piece of furniture, it starts with the letter K and ends with a soft sign. Children begin to guess the word. As soon as the driver hears the correct answer, he shouts “Hali-halo”, throws the ball up as high as possible, and runs away.
The child who guesses the word correctly catches the ball and shouts “Stop.” The driver stops. The player must guess how many steps there are to the driver. But the steps are not easy. Each company can come up with its own steps.
Types of steps in the game hali-halo:
Giant - the largest steps, the entire width.
Normal - a normal baby step.
Lilliputian - very small steps.
Frog - in squatting jumps.
Umbrellas - the child spins towards the driver.
Bricks - step heel to toe.
Camel - step and spit (the main thing is not to hit the driver).
The child with the ball takes the specified number of steps and throws the ball into the ring, which the driver makes with his hands. If the ball hits the ring, the player becomes the driver and the game continues.

2.Hide and seek

Rules of the game
One person drives, the rest hide. According to pre-agreed conditions, the water counts up to a certain number, turning towards the wall, during which time everyone hides without going beyond the boundaries of the agreed territory.
Well, the catchphrase of water: one two three four five I’m going to look.

3. Blind Man's Bluff

Rules of the game
Several people play Zhmurki. With the help of a counting rhyme or by lot, the driver is selected. Players cover the water with a tight blindfold (no peeking is allowed in this game), spin it in place and “scatter” to the sides. Zhmurka must catch and identify a player. If you guess correctly, the caught player becomes the driver.

4. Cossack robbers

Rules of the game
The players are divided into two teams (the more participants, the more interesting the game). Each team has its own distinctive insignia (armbands, ribbons or badges).
An area is designated (the boundaries of the territory where you can hide and run away).
It is determined by lot which team will be “Cossacks” and which team will be “robbers”.
At the signal, the “robbers” run to hide. At this time, the “Cossacks” choose a place for the “dungeon” where the captured “robbers” will be brought. The “dungeon” should not be very large so that it can be conveniently guarded. Its boundaries are clearly marked (with chalk, pebbles, etc.).
After an agreed period of time, the “Cossacks” go to look for “robbers” hiding in the agreed territory. They must catch up with those whom they saw and “stain” (touch with their hand). The “stained” robber is considered caught; he must obediently go with the “Cossack” while he holds him. But if the “Cossack” accidentally unclenched his hands, the “robber” can run away.
The caught "robbers" are taken to the "dungeon".
"Robbers" can help out their comrades. To do this, you need to quietly run up to the “Cossack” leading the “robber” and “tarnish” him. Then the “Cossack” is obliged to let the “robber” go, and both “robbers” run away to hide again. But if the “Cossack” turns out to be more agile and manages to “sully” the second “robber” earlier, he takes both of them prisoner.
"Robbers" can free their comrades from the "dungeon". To do this, it is necessary to touch the prisoner before the “Cossack” guarding the “dungeon” touches the liberator.
The goal of the game is to catch all the “robbers.”

5. Lapta

Rules of the game
I know two versions of the game. One is simplified (for children), the other is for adults. As a child, at the dacha, of course, we played a simple game:
On a flat lawn, at a distance of 15-20 m from each other, two lines were drawn: one was called a city, the other was a horse, or a house.
Then, using a counting table or lot, the striker was determined; he stood outside the city limits, the rest were located in the field behind the law.
The batter throws the ball and hits it hard with the bat. The field players, watching the sword, wait for it to cross the horse so that they can catch it without letting it fall to the ground. If they succeed, the striker goes into the field, and the player who took possession of the ball takes his place. If the field players, having gaped, did not have time to catch the ball, the kick is repeated.
It happens that the batter misses the ball. The rules allow him to repeat the kick. After the third miss, the striker gives up his place to another player.

6. Bouncers

Rules of the game.
A minimum of 3 people are required to play dodgeball. Of these, 2 are bouncers (bouncers) and one is a driver. The players are divided into two teams.
Two players from one stand at a distance of approximately seven to eight meters opposite each other. They have the ball. Two players from the other team move between them. The task of the former is to throw the ball with each other, hit their opponents and knock them out of the game. In this case, you need to throw so that the ball, without hitting the target, can be caught by a partner, and does not fly away to nowhere every time.
The task of the second is not to let yourself be knocked out. If you catch a flying ball, one life is added to you. You get, for example, five lives and to knock you out of the game, you need to be hit six times. If the ball bounced off the ground and hit a player, it didn't count. The place of the eliminated players was taken by other team members. When everyone was eliminated, the teams swapped places.

7. Square

Rules of the game
This game requires a company of four people and a ball. First you need to create a playing field. A square of arbitrary size is drawn on the ground, divided into four smaller squares, one for each participant. A circle is drawn in the center of the field for serving. The game begins with the ball being served by a player who is chosen by lot (counting table). The ball is thrown with one or two hands into the central circle, so that it bounces towards the player located diagonally. The diagonal player must return the ball after touching the ground once in his quarter. You need to hit the ball with your feet, knee, head, you cannot touch it with your hands.

8. Fanta

Rules of the game
A good old children's game. There are many options. I'll tell you about the one we played. The presenter collects one personal item from all players, and then everyone writes some task on a piece of paper. Then the pieces of paper are collected, mixed, and the presenter, without looking, first pulls out someone’s object, and then a note. The person who owns the pulled out item must complete the task written on a piece of paper. The game is great, but players should remember that they themselves may be faced with their own task. This circumstance somewhat limits sadistic habits.

9. I know five names

Rules of the game
The guys agree on the order of passing the ball and the sequence of topics.
The first player begins to tap the ball on the ground with one hand, saying:
- I know five girls' names. Anya - one, Katya - two, Polya - three, Masha - four, Nastya - five.
The player must follow the rhythm of the shots, saying one word each time he hits the ball.
If the player has completed the task, he moves on to the next topic, predetermined, for example:
- I know five names of boys (names of cities, animals, insects, birds, countries, cities, etc.)
If a player gets lost, misses the ball or thinks for a long time, then the ball passes to the next participant.
He starts over:
- I know five girls' names
To complicate the game, you can introduce conditions that names should not be repeated. When the ball returns to the first player after making a circle, he starts from the topic where he left off.
The game lasts until everyone gets bored.
The winner is the one who managed to cover the maximum number of topics

10. Salki

Rules of the game
One driver is chosen by lot or by counting. Then the boundaries of the playing area are set. Everyone scatters within this area. The driver begins to catch the players within the established limits of the site. Whomever he catches up with and salutes, he becomes a “salka” and declares, raising his hand up: “I am salaine!” He begins to catch the players, and the former “tag” runs away with everyone. The game has no definite ending.
Sorcerers
(this game is a type of tag)
Participants run away from the driver. The driver catches up with the player and touches him - he gets dirty. The saluted person spreads his arms, and any other participant can run up, touch him and “help him out.” The driver’s task is not to move far from the person who has been greased and not to let anyone get a step closer to him. The summer version of the sorcerers is to run around with “sprinklers” and pour water on each other from holey bottles. Usually, five minutes after the start of the game, everyone is wet, but very cheerful.

11. Damaged phone

Rules of the game
The old time-tested children's game of broken phone.
It can be played by one or two teams.
A driver is selected, who whispers a word or phrase in the ear of one of the players, and he tries to pass it on to the other player in the same way, and so on along the chain.
The last player says out loud what he did and compares it with the original.
Often the result is very unexpected and funny!
If two teams are playing, then the leader gives the floor to two players from both teams. The team whose result is most similar to the original wins.

12. Kitty-Frog-Meow

Rules of the game
The game requires approximately the same ratio of players of different genders. The players sit on the bench. Two participants, the leader and one of the players, stand in front of the bench with their backs to each other (the leader faces the players, the player faces his back).
The presenter points with his eyes (or discreetly with his finger) at one of the players and asks “kitty?”
If the player says "screw", then he continues to choose.
If a player says "meow", then that player is asked "what color?"
The player named a color and completed a task that corresponded to the chosen color.
The meanings of the colors were:
White meant “five minutes alone.” Those. the boy and girl left and retired for 10 minutes so that no one from the company could see them.
Green - three yes questions. Any questions were asked, but the player could only answer “yes”. Moreover, tricky questions were asked, such as “Do you love him”? The answerer blushed and stammered, but had no right to say anything else. The whole company had fun from such dialogues :)
Red meant a kiss on the lips. Color was used very rarely.
Pink - kiss on the cheek. It’s easier with it, it was used often.
Yellow - three questions in private (you could ask anything and the player had no right not to answer). Of course, everyone asked tricky questions and often very personal ones, but the answers were usually kept secret.
Orange - walk a certain route arm in arm.
Blue - kiss the hand.
Purple - three minor dirty tricks (say, pulling a pigtail, stepping on a foot, taking away a hairpin). Also in front of the entire honest company.

13. The sea is agitated once...

Rules of the game
There are several game options.
1) The presenter turns away from the players and says the well-known rhyme:
The sea is agitated once
The sea is worried two
The sea is worried three,
Marine figure, freeze in place!
While he speaks, the participants move chaotically in any order, depicting the movements of waves with their hands. As soon as the driver falls silent, you need to freeze in some figure. The driver approaches one of the players and touches him. The player depicts his figure in motion, and the driver guesses what it is. The player whose figure was not guessed becomes water himself.
2) After saying the counting rhyme, the players must freeze in the position in which they find themselves. The driver turns, walks around all the players and examines the resulting figures. The first one to move takes the place of the leader, or is eliminated from the game (in this case, the winner is the player who lasted the longest).
3) You can use another version of the game, when the presenter examines all the figures and chooses the one he likes best. In this case, the winner is the player who most clearly demonstrated his imagination.

14. If you drive more quietly, the further you will go - stop!

Rules of the game
Two stripes are drawn on the ground with chalk at a distance of approximately 20 meters.
All players stand on one side; the driver stands on the other side, and turns his back to everyone. The driver says:
"If you drive more quietly, you'll go further. Stop."
The phrase can be pronounced as you like - deliberately dragging out the words, the entire sentence, or, for example, starting slowly and then ending it abruptly and quickly - in general, introducing an element of surprise into the game.
At this time, all players are trying to run as far as possible and get to the finish line; they freeze at the word “stop”. After the word “stop” the driver turns around. If he saw the movement of a player (who did not have time to freeze or stop due to the acceleration speed), he is eliminated from the game.
The winner is the one who gets to the finish line first and touches the driver - he takes his place, and the game starts over.

Rules of the game.
All players sit or stand in a row. The driver throws the ball to one of the participants and at the same time names an object. If the item is "edible", the player catches the ball. If not, he repels. The driver’s task is to confuse the player, for example, in the chain “apple-melon-carrots-potatoes” he suddenly says “iron”. If the player makes a mistake and “eats” the “inedible”, then he himself becomes the driver. The faster the driver throws the ball and names objects, the more exciting and interesting it is to play

17. Knives

Rules of the game.
Players mark a circle on the ground. Then, one by one, they try to get a knife into the enemy’s delineated territory and thus conquer as much land as possible from him. The knife can be thrown from the shoulder, with a flip, from the nose and even from the head. The knife can be stuck into the ground, sand and even a wooden bench

Each player chooses a name for himself - the name of the flower and tells it to the “gardener”-driver and other players. The driver says a little rhyme: “I was born a gardener, I’m seriously angry, I’m tired of all the flowers, except ...” and calls the “name” (name of the flower) of one of the players. A dialogue takes place between the driver and the player. The player says the name of one flower from those on the team. The participant whose name was announced must respond. The dialogue continues. The one who made a mistake: for example, did not respond to his name, mixed up the name of the flowers, gives away a forfeit (any of his things). At the end of the game, forfeits are played out. The “gardener” turns away, they take out the thing and ask the driver: “What should this player do?” The “gardener” assigns a task (jump on one leg, squat, sing, recite a poem, etc.) - the player “works off” the forfeit and takes his item.

20. Mother's daughters.

Rules of the game.
The game was considered a girl's game, but in certain cases boys were also allowed into it, who could, even before entering puberty, understand what marriage is and what it threatens. The game had one rule - play using maximum imagination and life experience, gleaned from your parents or in soap operas.
Throughout the game, the roles could change (“come on, now you’re a mother, and it’s as if I’m your daughter?”), randomly found children, stepmothers who suddenly showed up, or inexplicably amused lovers periodically entered the game. And animated dolls, baby dolls, plush animals. Scenes “let’s act as if we were in a store” were played out, weddings, quarrels, intrigues, fights, death! Everything is like in life.

2. Decline the following phrases:

one and a half apples, one and a half pears, one and a half hundred kilometers, both friends, both girlfriends, five

guys, two-fifths, 567 kilometers, 2340 kilograms; 20.7 seconds.

Open the brackets, write down the numerals in words, indicated by numbers, and put them in the correct form.

a) They were walking towards us (2 boys, 3 girls).

b) The museum has (1050 paintings).

c) We worked on the project (22 days).

d) 32 students came to class.

e) He ran the distance in (15.7 seconds).

f) Our two sleds broke down at the same time.

g) We have about (1.5 weeks) left to rest.

h) We celebrated the (800th anniversary) of Moscow.

i) A plane arrived with (345 passengers) on board.

j) They are waiting for you in (room 320).

Find errors in the use of numeral forms and correct them.

a) We invited both friends to visit.

b) Three girls were playing with a ball.

c) Four cars stood under the windows.

d) Trucks were parked at both gates.

d) I need two scissors.

f) Both students were given A's.

g) There are about two hundred people studying at the institute.

h) The lesson will be in room three hundred and fifteen.

i) The train arrived in 20.5 seconds.

j) He ran a two-hundred-meter distance.

Pronoun

Pronoun is an independent part of speech, which is characterized by the following features.

1. Semantic feature: points to a person, objects, signs and quantity or asks about them, but does not name them. A pronoun is something that is used “instead of a name,” that is, pronouns are used instead of nouns, adjectives, and numerals.

2. Morphological characteristics: has morphological characteristics of the part of speech instead of which it appears in the sentence.

3. Syntactic features: performs the syntactic function of the part of speech instead of which it appears in the sentence.

According to their meaning and grammatical features, pronouns are divided into nine categories.

Pronoun grades

1. Personal: I, you, he, she, it, we, you, they.

2. Return: myself.

3. Possessives: mine, yours, his, hers, ours, yours, theirs.

4. Demonstratives: that, this, such, such, so much.

5. Interrogative: who, what, which, which, whose, which, how many.

6. Relative: the same interrogatives, but without a question.

7. Uncertain: someone, something, some, several, someone, anyone, anyone, some, some, some, any, some, any, some.

8. Negative: no one, nothing, none, nobody, no one, nothing.

9. Determinatives: himself, most, all, every, other, any, other, everyone.

Personal pronouns

Personal pronouns point to a person or object and answer the questions: who what?

Personal pronouns I ( 1st person) and You(2nd person) indicate participants in speech, and pronouns he, she, it, they(3rd person) indicate the person or thing being spoken about.

Pronouns we you do not mean “many I” or “many you”, so they are not plural pronouns in meaning I And You, they point to the speaker and his interlocutors: We -"me and others" You -"you and others."

3rd person pronouns have a gender category: he she it.

Personal pronouns cannot have definitions expressed by adjectives, but can have separate definitions: “And he, the rebellious one, is looking for storms”(you can’t say “he’s rebellious”).

A sentence can have a subject and an object.

Reflexive pronoun

Reflexive pronounmyself indicates that the action being performed is directed at the actor himself: For as long as I can remember, I have been learning all the time.

It does not have gender, number or nominative case form; in a sentence it is an addition and can act as a particle: Go with God.

In a sentence it functions as a complement.

Possessive pronouns

Possessive pronounsmy, yours, yours, ours, yours indicate which person the item belongs to and answer the question whose?

These pronouns change by gender (my, my, mine), by numbers (your your) and by cases. They have the same declension paradigm as adjectives.

To indicate that an object belongs to a third person, personal pronouns of the 3rd person are used: his, her, theirs (his book, her glove, their dog).

In a sentence they serve as a definition.

514353810Department of Education, Science and Youth Policy
Voronezh region
State budgetary professional educational institution of the Voronezh region
"Semiluki Polytechnic College"
METHODOLOGICAL INSTRUCTIONS
FOR STUDENTS
ON ORGANIZING INDEPENDENT WORK
BY DISCIPLINE
RUSSIAN LANGUAGE AND CULTURE OF SPEECH
specialties ECONOMICS AND ACCOUNTING
(by industry)
for full-time and part-time students
Semiluki
2015
Approved by the methodological council of the State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "SPK"
Compiled by:
Borozdinova N.A. teacher of the highest qualification category of State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "SPK"
Guidelines for the discipline “Russian language and speech culture” for full-time and part-time students are intended to help in organizing independent work when mastering the academic discipline. The methodological development consists of an explanatory note, the content of the academic discipline, questions for self-control, practical and control tasks.
© Borozdinova N.A., 2015
© Semiluksky State
technical and economic college
CONTENT
Introduction 3
Phonetics 4
Vocabulary and phraseology 5
Word formation 7
Morphology 8
Syntax 10
Russian spelling norms 11
Functional speech styles 11
Applications 14
References 23

Introduction.
Guidelines for the study of the academic discipline “Russian language and speech culture” are intended to implement the requirements for the minimum content and level of training of graduates of educational institutions of secondary vocational education via correspondence courses, students in technical and economic specialties.
As a result of studying the course “Russian language and culture of speech”, the student should know:
corresponding language units – phonetic, lexical, phraseological, morphological, syntactic;
appropriate language standards for oral and written speech;
expressive means of literary language;
be able to:
possess the skills of coherent oral speech;
apply knowledge to speech activity, improving speech culture,
improving literacy.
The content of the work program includes sections:
"Phonetics";
“Vocabulary and Phraseology”;
"Word Formation";
"Morphology";
"Syntax";
“Russian Spelling Norms”;
"Speech styles."
In the learning process based on this program, students must understand the difference between language and speech, deeply understand the functions of language as a means of expressing concepts, thoughts and a means of communication between people, deepen their knowledge of the stylistic stratification of the modern Russian language, the qualities of literary speech, and the norms of literary language , know and use the expressive means of the modern Russian literary language.
Along with theoretical classes, practical classes are provided, the purpose of which is to help students improve their speech culture and improve literacy. The tasks offered in practical work are aimed at achieving from students a complete understanding of the theoretical data of the discipline course and the ability to use this data both orally and in writing.
The tasks for practical work in the discipline are similar to the tasks presented in the guidelines.
The test test, which is completed by students in the final lesson, provides for a differentiated assessment of the quality of students’ knowledge in this discipline.
Introduction.
Language and speech. Basic units of language. The concept of literary language and language norms. Types of norms. Russian language dictionaries. The concept of speech culture, its social aspects, the qualities of good speech (correctness, accuracy, expressiveness, appropriateness of the use of linguistic means).
Must know:
differences between language and speech;
language functions;
signs of a literary language and types of speech norms;
main components of cultural speech.
Should be able to:
create texts in oral and written form;
distinguish between elements of normalized and unstandardized speech.
QUESTIONS FOR SELF-CONTROL.
Define the concepts “language” and “speech”.
Name the areas of use of language and speech.
Describe the two forms of speech (oral and written).
List the functions of language and speech.
Name the basic units of language and the corresponding sections of the science of language.
What is literary language?
What is the norm? What types of norms are there?
Why do you need to follow language norms?
What is communication? What conditions are necessary for communication to take place? Give examples.
Define the concept of “speech culture”.
What is the difference between correct speech and good speech?
Section I. PHONETICS.

Phonetic units of language (phonemes). Features of Russian accent, main trends in the development of Russian accent. Logical stress.
Orthoepic norms: pronunciation and stress norms, orthoepicy of grammatical forms and individual words.
Variants of Russian literary pronunciation: pronunciation of vowels and consonants; pronunciation of borrowed words.
Phonetic means of speech expression.
Must know:
features of Russian accent and pronunciation;
spelling norms.
Should be able to:
master the concept of phoneme, phonetic means of speech expressiveness;
use spelling dictionaries.

QUESTIONS FOR SELF-CONTROL.
What does phonetics study?
What is a phoneme and what is its role in language? How does a phoneme differ from a speech sound?
What is orthoepy?
What are the features of Russian accent?
What are the features of Russian orthoepy?
What kind of speech is considered euphonious?
What role does intonation play in speech?
What makes speech cacophonous?
PRACTICAL TASKS

Place emphasis on the words:
Statue, paralysis, aristocracy, alphabet, catalog, percentage, intention, porcelain, beets, compass, driver, thinking, provision, marketing, calling, veterinary medicine, enviable, smart, aggravate. Place emphasis:
A) short forms of adjectives;
B) in past tense verbs
A) cheerful - cheerful - cheerful - cheerful;
young - young - young - young;
roads - road - expensive - roads;
bitter - bitter - bitter - bitter;
rights - rights - rights - rights;
B) gave - gave - gave - gave;
took - took - took - took;
occupied - occupied - occupied - occupied;
began - began - beginning - began;
understood - understood - understood - understood.
Form the feminine and neuter forms of the following words and place emphasis on them:
Started, borrowed, sent, took, took away, departed.
Say the following words, paying attention to how you pronounce the consonants before the sound [e], hard or soft:
Barter, businessman, sandwich, gangster, computer, laser, lottery, pace, thesis, trend, energy, brown-haired, brunette, aggression, parcel post, depot, hyphen, museum, safe, term, terror, plywood. Section II. VOCABULARY AND PHRASEOLOGY.
The word, its lexical meaning
Lexical and phraseological units of the Russian language. Lexical and phraseological norms.
Visual and expressive capabilities of vocabulary and phraseology. Use of professional vocabulary and scientific terms.
Lexical errors and their correction: pleonasm, tautology, lexical redundancy, lexical insufficiency. Aphorisms.
Must know:
Lexical and phraseological units of language.
Should be able to:
master the rules of word usage, determine the lexical meaning of a word;
find and correct errors in the text, errors in the use of phraseological units;
be able to determine the functional and stylistic affiliation of a word;
define words related to the author's new formations.
Independent work: completing tasks and exercises.
QUESTIONS FOR SELF-CONTROL.
What does lexicology study?
Name the distinctive features of the word.
What is “multiple meaning of a word”?
What meanings can a word have?
What is lexical collocation of words?
Give an interpretation of the definitions “pleonasm” and “tautology”.
What is lexical deficiency? How to avoid it in speech?
What is the vocabulary of a language? What layers of vocabulary exist? Give examples of each.
PRACTICAL TASKS
Name the lexical and grammatical meanings of the following words:
Spring, bright, approached, beautiful, from under, so.
Name the areas of use of the following words:
banal - trivial
actress - actor
throw – rattle – shagtasty – savory
investments - investments
interfere - interfere
together - en masse
get involved - get involved
warrior - warrior.
Determine the meaning of the word “kind” in the following phrases:
A kind person, a kind heart, kind thoughts, a kind word, good advice, good wishes, kind people, a good fellow, a kind soul. Make up one sentence with each phrase.
In the following sentences, correct errors related to lexical compatibility of words:
a) The athletes won the competition.
B) It’s deep summer.
C) This writer has earned fame.
D) In ​​such circumstances, luck does not threaten us.
In the following sentences, correct the errors associated with speech impairment:
A) Pushkin’s language differs from Gogol’s.
B) Conditions in the city are not the same as in the village.
B) There was an oil painting on the wall.
D) Each class teacher must ensure the attendance of his parents.
In the following sentences, correct errors related to speech redundancy:
A) Before his death he wrote a will.
B) The duration of classes lasts for an hour.
C) Your claims are based on unfounded assumptions.
D) He made a decisive decision.
Make up phrases by selecting the appropriate words in brackets for each of the following synonyms:
A) low, squat, dwarf (man, house, tree);
B) chestnut, brown, brown (eyes, hair, shoes);
B) took place, happened (meeting, flood);
D) poor, wretched, meager (dinner, person, home);
D) depict, capture, describe (appearance, image, landscape).
Write antonyms from the words below:
Day, peace, brave, true, cold, truthful, find, hate, speak, put up, stupid, sharp, fun, black, lose, dark, sleep, false, cowardly, war, night, love, quarrel, work, hot, play, deceitful, bright, white, sadness, stupid, smart, silent, awake. Give the definition of each of the paronyms given in the following paronymic series, and make up phrases using the words given in brackets:
Grateful – grateful (inscription, students, spectators, letter, letter, readers);
Literal – literal (translation, perception, designation, meaning);
Explosive - explosive (substance, mechanism, device, character, mixture);
Delicious - taste (food, dinner, properties, smell, sensations);
Democratic – democratic (person, state, views, press, style, behavior, upbringing).
Explain the meaning of the following phraseological units. (If you have any difficulties, consult a dictionary.)
Without a year a week; cherish as the apple of your eye; throw pebbles into someone's garden; fishing in troubled waters; that's where the dog is buried; not worth a damn; wash dirty linen in public; keep the stone in your bosom; buy a pig in a poke and throw dust in the eyes.
Practical work:
lexical figurative means of language;
origin, structure and purpose of phraseological units;
lexical errors and their correction;
word creation of poets and prose writers;
stylistic analysis of the text.
Section III. WORD FORMATION.
Ways of word formation.
Stylistic possibilities of word formation.
Features of word formation of professional vocabulary and terms.
Must know:
ways of word formation.
Should be able to:
use the norms of word formation in relation to commonly used, general scientific and professional vocabulary;
use word-forming means for visual and expressive purposes.
Independent work: completing tasks and exercises.
QUESTIONS FOR SELF-CHECK.
What do the sciences of language such as morphemics and word formation study?
What are morphemes and affixes? What is their difference and what is their function?
Why is the ending not a significant part of the word and not included in its basis?
Name all the methods of word formation in the Russian language, characterize each of them and give your examples for each method.
PRACTICAL TASKS.
Choose three words that consist of:
A) from one root;
B) from the root and ending;
B) from a prefix, root and ending;
D) from a prefix, root, suffix and ending.
2. Make a morphemic and word-formation analysis of the following words:
Curious, bear cub, hopeless, ruthless, tutorial, redistribution, charity, get lost, hexagonal.
Determine the method of word formation in the following words:
Snowdrop, wander, blue, ask again, pavement, fire extinguisher.
In the following sentences, find words that have errors in word formation or usage. Correct these sentences.
a) We were all amazed by his fearlessness.
b) Without a doubt, this is very important to me.
c) In the distance some nondescript house appeared.
d) My grandfather said that honey is very good for health.
d) Some kind of car rushed past us.
Section IV. MORPHOLOGY.
Independent and auxiliary parts of speech.
Standard use of word forms.
Errors in speech. Stylistics of parts of speech. Errors in the formation and use of word forms in the text.
Must know:
Independent and auxiliary parts of speech.
Should be able to:
use grammatical forms of words in accordance with the literary norm and stylistic features of the created text;
identify grammatical errors in someone else’s and your own text.
Independent work: completing tasks and exercises.
QUESTIONS FOR SELF-CONTROL.
What do grammar and morphology study? How are they related?
Define the following concepts: “grammatical meaning of a word”, “word form”.
PRACTICAL TASKS.
Determine the gender of the following nouns:
Royal, cocoa, hospital, swan, corn, shampoo, child, namesake, potato, bully, fidget, bully, kangaroo, Baku, media, blinds, Sochi, penalty, alibi. Form the plural of the following nouns:
Surname, association, promise, ring, drill, wheel, dress, miracle, neighbor, nobleman, Bulgarian, gypsy. Porcelain, cream, rye, milk, youth. Doctor, director, poplar, vacation.
In the following sentences, find errors in the use of forms of nouns and correct them:
a) I washed my hair with good shampoo.
b) The windows were covered with thin tulle. c) She expressed her dissatisfaction to me.
d) There was red ink in my fountain pen.
e) The editors corrected the text.
4. Change the following adjectives in short form by gender and number and put
emphasis in each form:
Kind, right, fresh, pure, sharp, empty, stupid, direct, simple.
From the following adjectives, form a short form where possible.
Great, excellent, courageous, brave, countless, beautiful, stony, frivolous, hot, diva, cheerful, responsible, ridiculous, solemn. Find errors in the use of numeral forms and correct them:
A) We invited both friends to visit.
B) Three girls were playing with a ball.
B) There were four cars standing under the windows.
D) I need two scissors.
D) About two hundred people study at the institute.
In the following sentences, find errors in the use of verb forms and correct them:
A) Athletes throw a cannonball on the field.
B) The hero is driven by high feelings.
C) All his ardor soon dried up.
D) Someone waves his hand at me.
D) I put on my hat and ran out of the house.
Practical work:
Morphological analysis of parts of speech;
Stylistic analysis of grammatical forms in the text;
Identifying errors in the use of word forms in your own written works and the works of other authors
Use of given forms of words in sentences and texts, use of grammatical synonyms.
Section V. SYNTAX.
Basic syntactic units: phrase and sentence.
Simple, complex, complex, complex and non-union sentence. Current division of proposals.
Expressive possibilities of Russian syntax (inversion, non-union, polyunion, parcellation and other forms).
Syntactic synonymy as a source of richness and expressiveness of Russian speech.
Must know:
syntactic structure of sentences.
Should be able to:
distinguish between simple and complex sentences, isolated phrases, direct speech and the words of the author, quotes;
create your own texts in educational, scientific, official and business styles.
Independent work: completing tasks and exercises.
QUESTIONS FOR SELF-CONTROL.
Name the expressive means of Russian syntax. Give your own examples.
Name examples of violations of syntactic norms and ways to correct them.
PRACTICAL TASKS.
1. Find errors when agreeing the subject and predicate, write down the correct option:
A) Grandfather and grandmother left for their hometown.
B) There were four books on the table.
C) Most people did not know what to do in this situation.
D) A thousand books arrived at the exhibition
2. Find errors in the sentences related to word order. Write down the correct one
option:
a) The boy ate the cutlet together with his shepherd.
B) Today my friend came to me wearing a new jacket.
B) It's very hot today.
D) This film interested me very much.
Section VI. RUSSIAN SPELLING NORMS.
Principles of Russian spelling, types and types of spellings. The role of lexical and grammatical analysis in writing words of different structure and meaning.
Principles of Russian punctuation, functions of punctuation marks. The role of punctuation in written communication, the semantic role of punctuation marks in the text. Punctuation and intonation. Ways to formulate someone else's speech. Citation.
Russian spelling and punctuation in the aspect of speech expressiveness.
Must know:
spelling rules;
understand the meaning-distinguishing role of spelling and punctuation marks.
Should be able to:
use spelling rules, variable and optional punctuation marks.
Independent work: completing tasks and exercises.
QUESTIONS FOR SELF-CONTROL.
What is a spelling? Name the main types and types of spellings, give your examples.
Name the basic principles of Russian spelling. Give examples.
Can a spelling error affect changes in lexical meaning?
What is punctuation and what are punctuation marks?
Why is punctuation needed? Does punctuation affect the meaning of a statement?
What are the basic principles of Russian punctuation? Give your own examples.
Name the functions of all punctuation marks. Give examples.
Section VII. FUNCTIONAL SPEECH STYLES.
Text and its structure. Functional and semantic types of speech: description, narration, reasoning, definition, characterization (a type of description), message (narrative options). Description scientific, artistic, business.
Functional styles of literary language: colloquial, scientific, official business, journalistic, artistic: the scope of their use.
Genres of business and educational and scientific speech.
Must know:
functional styles of literary language;
have an idea of ​​the social and stylistic stratification of the modern Russian language.
Should be able to:
distinguish texts according to their styles;
analyze speech from the point of view of its normativity, appropriateness and expediency;
produce different types of speech, create texts of educational, scientific and official business styles in genres that meet the requirements of students’ professional training.
Independent work: completing tasks and exercises.
QUESTIONS FOR SELF-CONTROL.
What is text? What are its symptoms?
Name the main types of texts. Give examples.
What is style? Name the functional styles of the literary language and give them a detailed description. Give examples.

Playing with a ball can relieve tension and develop a child’s coordination, reaction speed, accuracy and endurance. We offer the most interesting and fun ones.

Outdoor and sports games are especially useful for primary school students. Their body experiences a lack of physical activity, a continuous process of which they were in before they began to “sit” in class for half the day.

1. Tricks with a ball

These are the same “catch-up” games, only the players are playing to escape pursuit and simultaneously pass the ball to each other. The main thing is to pass the ball to the person the driver is about to catch up with, since you cannot hit the person with the ball. The water has to switch to another player. It is allowed to intercept the ball. If it ends up in the hands of the driver, then the participant whose fault the ball was lost will now catch up with everyone. By the way, do you know?

2. The Sultan's fleet

A place of honor is chosen in the center of the site. Two teams are formed from the participants; these are walkers. “Sultan” separates from the rest of the players and throws the ball as far as possible. At this time, all the walkers, with their eyes closed, stand quietly and listen to where the ball will fall. Hearing the sound of the ball hitting the ground, they run to look for it. The finder tries to quietly pass the ball to a player on his team. You cannot hold the ball in your hands for a long time. Moving towards the goal, you need to simultaneously throw it to each other, without giving it to your opponents. The winner is the group whose representative is the first to bring the ball to the “Sultan” and put it in a place of honor.

Notes: The fast walkers are not allowed to peep, so they should be placed with their backs to the place where the “sultan” throws the ball. You can run up and look for the projectile only after it has bounced.

3. Bouncers

Two people (bouncers) stand facing each other at a distance of at least 5 meters. The remaining participants are placed between them. The bouncers, throwing the ball to one another, must hit those who are playing. Those who fail to dodge the projectile leave the playing field. A hit is not counted if the ball first hits the ground and only then hits a person. The last remaining player's task is to dodge the throw as many times as he is old, then the game is won. If the latter fails to cope with his task, then the first eliminated go to the place of the bouncers, the game continues.

Notes: The ball you need is not very heavy (for example, a volleyball), and if the players are very small, it is better to take a children's rubber ball. What makes the game more interesting are the special names for the throws: “Bullet”, “Candle”, “Potato”, “Bomb”, etc. Each of them has its own feature, requiring certain behavior of the participants. We recently wrote about! And among these games there are some that will rock you!

4. Fetch!

To play you will need two balls of different colors but the same size. Having picked them up, the players stand at the pre-drawn starting line. At the command “Aport!” everyone must throw their ball as far as possible and immediately run after the opponent’s projectile. The first one to bring someone else's ball wins.

5. Tens

The players take turns performing exercises with the ball.

10 times - just throw the ball at the wall; 9 times - they throw, and while the ball is flying, they manage to clap their hands once; 8 times - you need to have time to clap twice; 7 times - three claps; 6 times - the ball is thrown from under the right foot; 5 times - from under the left; 4 times - you need to take the ball by jumping over it so that it passes between your legs; 3 times - hit the wall with one hand; 2 times - another; 1 time - having managed to turn around yourself.

If a given element fails, the move passes to the next participant. The winner is the one who completes all the tasks before the others.

6. Rocket

The players, taking small (for example, tennis) balls in their hands, stand along the outer border of a circle drawn on the ground with a diameter of about 10 meters. The leader with a large (basketball or volleyball) ball is located in the center. With the words: “Three, two, one... start!” he throws his ball up (launches a rocket), the others throw small balls at this flying target, trying to hit it. For each accurate throw, the player is awarded a point. The winner is the one who scores the most points in a certain number of attempts.

Note: This sports game with a ball requires a referee who watches from the side. He makes sure no one crosses the line and counts the hits.