How to make an ejector for a pumping station with your own hands: a detailed guide. A pumping station with an ejector facilitates the rise of life-giving moisture from great depths Ejector pump for water
Ejector pumps supply water to premises where there is no centralized water supply nearby. Such units can lift water from great depths - up to 50 meters.
Let's look at what ejector pumps exist, what advantages they have over other types of pumping systems, and how they work. We will also take into account the most important points in their operation and installation.
1 Varieties
Pumps of this type are divided into models with a built-in ejector and a remote one. Let's look at each in more detail.
1.1 With remote ejector
To extract water, such pumps must be lowered deep into a well or borehole. Pump with remote ejector has two pipes. According to one of them, liquid under a certain pressure is supplied to the ejector. This leads to the development of a kind of suction jet.
A pump with an external ejector is significantly inferior in its characteristics to models with a built-in ejector. It's all about the specifics of the design.
Thus, a pump with a remote-type ejector will be “afraid” of contaminated water and air entering the structure. Its efficiency is noticeably lower, but the pump’s remote ejector also has its own significant advantage - it can be located inside a living room.
1.2 With built-in ejector
An internal centrifugal ejector pump lifts water using artificially created vacuum.
Due to its design features, an ejector pump is much more expensive than conventional devices of this type, as it is capable of lifting water even from great depths up to 50 meters.
High performance, however, is somewhat compensated for by the high level of noise emitted during operation of the device.
Therefore, ejector pumps are installed exclusively in basements and utility rooms of residential buildings.
Modern steam ejector – good decision for organizing a water supply system at a large enterprise and for irrigation large territories with vegetation.
2 Advantages, principle of operation and installation details
A surface pump with an external ejector has the following advantages:
- work with great depths up to 50 meters;
- small dimensions and weight of the station;
- convenience of supplying water to the object;
- opportunity to work in extreme conditions– at temperatures from -20 to + 130 degrees.
Of course, not every steam ejector pump can boast all of the above advantages. So, some models can work in severe frost conditions, others cannot.
2.1 How does the device work?
The steam ejector pump has a fairly simple principle of operation - a small amount of water, which is located in a special tank of the device, is used to assist in drawing in liquid. The operating principle is simple but very effective.
Although, such a system does not have serious performance. But so far no one has invented a new pumping system that can draw liquid from greater depths. That's why a water ejector pump is so popular today.
The ejector for the pump always lowers to the required depth - to draw water, and pumping system mounted on the surface - for ease of use and adjustment of the water intake system.
2.2 Operating principle of the ejector (video)
2.3 What should you consider when connecting?
2.4 Centrifugal pump with ejector - we do it ourselves
For self-assembly the unit must be prepared:
- A tee with ends is the basis of our homemade product.
- The fitting is a flow conductor.
- Bends and couplings - for assembling the ejector.
- We take a tee (must be designed for installation with internal thread).
- We screw the fitting to the bottom of the tee (the pipe should “look” up). In this case, the outlet pipe must be located inside the device. If the pipe is too long, then it needs to be cut, if it is short, it needs to be extended. The distance from the fitting to the tee should be no more than four mm.
- We attach a two-end adapter to the top of the tee. One end of it will then be installed on the base, and the second will act as a fitting for the pipe.
- The second fitting is attached to the bottom of the tee, onto the fitting. It will play the role of a drain, and the recirculation pipe will be “hung” on it.
- The sides of the tee are equipped with an angle with a collet at the end. It is necessary for further connection of the device to the pipeline inlet.
Important! All threaded connections must be additionally sealed with polymers. If you have PVC pipes, then in the role collet fittings there will be special performances crimp tubes for PVC.
Once the assembly of the device is completed, it needs to be connected to the home water supply system. If you have a system with an external ejector, you will have to connect three additional pipes to it:
- To the side end of the tee. Since it will be submerged to the bottom, it must be equipped with an additional water filter.
- To the bottom of the tee. This pipe is subsequently connected to the pressure system. It is she who creates the water flow.
- To the top of the tee. It is brought to the surface and then connected to the inlet channel of the pump. Increases fluid pressure.
An ejector is a powerful and justified device. It is capable of providing any building with sufficient water pressure, and its automation protects against idle operation, overheating and voltage surges.
Such a unit will be “faithful to you” for decades. But, only subject to full compliance with all recommendations, operating rules and systematic maintenance.
Almost anywhere a private house or the cottage can be equipped with an autonomous water supply from a well or borehole. Typically, a pump is used to pump water. If the depth of the aquifer is less than 7 meters, then there will be no problems with choosing a pump. You can choose any unit of suitable power and performance. However, such products will not be able to lift water from deeper hydraulic structures. To lift water from great depths, it is necessary to use an ejector for a pumping station.
To understand why you need pump ejector, imagine that we will improve the usual submersible pump for lifting water from great depths. Certain limitations for the operation of a conventional pumping station will be created by water pressure, atmospheric pressure and the strength of the structural parts of the pump. During the modification, a conventional submersible pump will become much heavier and its dimensions will increase. As a result, such a unit will simply become difficult to operate. In addition, the amount of electricity consumed will increase significantly.
To avoid such problems, it is necessary to use additional details facilitate pumping water to a considerable height. It is the ejector that pushes the water towards the surface and facilitates its rise. This is a fairly simple device that you can install yourself.
Principle of operation
To understand what an ejector is and to know its operating principle, it is necessary to study the purpose of the main components of the device. It consists of the following structural parts:
- A pipe with a narrow end called a nozzle. The water flowing through the nozzle acquires great acceleration and leaves this device at high speed. What is it for? The thing is that the flow of water at high speed has a different effect high pressure to the surrounding planes.
- Mixing device. Water from the nozzle enters this device. Here there is a significant discharge of the entire volume of liquid.
- Suction container. Under the influence of vacuum in the mixer, water from the well begins to flow into the suction chamber. After this, the mixed flow of liquid enters the next element - the diffuser.
- Diffuser. From this part of the structure, the liquid moves further through the pipeline.
You can install the ejector yourself. It is mounted in a pipeline laid from the well to the pumping device. The principle of operation of the unit is such that part of the liquid raised to the surface is lowered back into the hydraulic structure to the ejector. Thus, a recirculation line is formed. During such work, water bursts out of the nozzle at a powerful speed and carries some of the liquid out of the well, creating additional vacuum in the pipes. Thanks to this operating principle, pumping equipment spends much less power lifting water from great depths.
To regulate the volume of liquid returning back to the system, a special valve is installed on the recirculation line. Thanks to it, you can regulate the efficiency of the entire system.
It is important to know: part of the water that is not used in the recirculation system goes to the consumer. It is by these volumes that the productivity of pumping equipment is judged.
Advantages of ejector type pumps:
- there is no need to choose a unit with a powerful engine;
- the pumping part will not be so massive;
- this will ensure lower energy consumption and longer operation of pumping equipment;
- thanks to the ejector, it is easier to start all pumping equipment, since a small amount of water creates a sufficient vacuum in the pipes.
Features and types of design
There are two types of ejector type pump:
- with external ejector location;
- with internal (built-in) ejector location.
The choice of one or another type of ejector layout is determined by the requirements for pumping equipment. To suck air from different containers, another type of such units is used - an air ejector. It has a slightly different operating principle. In our article we will study devices to facilitate pumping water.
Internal ejector
Pumping equipment with a built-in ejector has more compact dimensions. In addition, the creation of liquid pressure and its intake for recirculation occurs inside the pumping equipment. This pump uses a more powerful motor that can recirculate liquid.
The advantages of this design solution:
- the unit is not sensitive to heavy impurities in water (silt and sand);
- the water entering the equipment does not need to be filtered;
- the device is suitable for lifting water from a depth of no more than 8 m;
- Such pumping equipment provides sufficient liquid pressure for domestic needs.
Among the disadvantages it is worth noting the following:
- this pump makes a lot of noise during operation;
- To install such a unit, it is better to choose a place away from the house and build a special room.
External ejector
For execution outdoor installation ejector, next to the pumping equipment, it is necessary to equip a tank into which water should be collected. In this container the working pressure and the necessary vacuum will be created to facilitate the functioning of the pumping equipment. The ejector device itself is connected to that part of the pipeline that is immersed in the well. In this regard, there are restrictions on the diameter of the pipeline.
Advantages of a remote ejector:
- thanks to this design, it is possible to lift water from a significant depth (up to 50 m);
- it is possible to reduce the noise from the operation of pumping equipment;
- such a structure can be placed directly in the basement of the house;
- without reducing the efficiency of the pumping station, the ejector can be placed at a distance of 20-40 m from the well;
- thanks to the fact that everything necessary equipment located in one place, it is easier to carry out repair and commissioning work, which contributes to a longer service life of the entire system.
Disadvantages of the external location of the ejector device:
- system performance is reduced by 30-35 percent;
- restrictions in the choice of pipeline diameter.
How to connect?
As a rule, the installation of pumping equipment with a built-in ejector is no different from the traditional installation of a conventional pump. To do this, it is enough to connect the pump inlet pipe to the pipeline coming from the well. A pressure line is also installed, a hydraulic accumulator and the necessary automation are installed.
In systems with an external ejector, the equipment is connected in the following sequence:
- To ensure recirculation, it is necessary to lay an additional pipeline from the inlet pipe of the ejector device to the pressure line of the pumping equipment.
- A pipe with check valve, on which a coarse filter is installed for pumping liquid from a hydraulic structure.
If required, a control valve is installed in the recirculation pipeline. Such an additional device is simply necessary for wells in which the water level is above the design level of the liquid for pumping equipment. Thanks to this valve, it is possible to reduce the pressure in the ejector and cause a rise in pressure in the water supply system. Some models are equipped with a built-in control valve.
It’s worth knowing: usually the adjustment method and location of the valve are specified in the instructions supplied with the unit.
Let's figure out what an ejector is. It’s worth starting with the fact that it is an integral part of a pumping station designed for pumping water. What is its essence?
The main purpose is to help the pumping station. In such cases, when the water is at great depth, for example, at a depth of 7 meters, a conventional pump may not be able to supply water. And then, to solve the problem of pumping water even from such a depth, an ejector is installed to help the pump. Thus, the problem is easily solved. In other words, the device is used to increase the efficiency of the pumping station.
Of course, if the water is too deep, you will need to use a technique such as a powerful submersible pump.
Device Features
The ejector device is very simple; it can even be assembled manually from ordinary materials. The design of the device consists of the following parts:
- Diffuser;
- Offset node;
- Water suction chamber;
- Nozzle narrowed downwards.
The operation of the device is based on Bernoulli's law. When the speed of a certain flow increases, a field with a low level of pressure is created around it. In this regard, the effect is created discharge. The liquid, passing through the nozzle, narrowed downward according to its design, gradually increases speed. After which the liquid, entering the mixer, creates low pressure in it. Thus, the pressure of the liquid that enters the mixer through the water suction chamber increases significantly.
It is also worth noting that for proper operation ejector, it must be installed on the pump so that some part of the liquid that is lifted by the pump remains inside the device, or more precisely, the nozzle, creating required pressure constantly. It is thanks to this operating principle that it is possible to maintain a constant accelerated flow. Using such a device can significantly save energy.
Main types of ejectors
Depending on the installation, ejectors may be different. They are usually divided into two main types: built-in and remote. The difference between these types is small, that is, they differ only in the installation location, however, this small difference may affect the operation of the pumping station . Both types have their own advantages and disadvantages.
Built-in, as you might guess from the name, is mounted directly into the pump housing, being its integral part.
Built-in model
The built-in ejector has its advantages:
- It is enough just to mount the pump itself without installing additional equipment, while saving space in the well.
- It is located inside, that is, it is protected from dirt getting inside the device, and this, in turn, allows you to save money on purchasing additional filters.
Among the disadvantages, we can note only low efficiency at great depths exceeding 10 meters. However, the main purpose of built-in models is to use them for pumping water from shallow depths. And one more nuance in protecting embedded devices: they provide powerful and uninterrupted water pressure. Therefore, they are often used for irrigation and other household needs.
Another minor drawback could be high level pump noise, amplified by the noise of the water flow. It is customary to install such pumps outside a residential building.
Remote device
The remote, or external, device is mounted on a pumping station at a depth of at least 20 meters. And according to some experts, it is absolutely necessary to install the device at a distance of half a meter from the pump. That is, it can be placed directly in a well or brought to a water source. Thus, noise from work will not be a problem for residents. However, there are some nuances here too. For example, to connect a pump to a source, a pipe is required so that water can return to the device. Pipe length should match the well depth. In addition to the recirculation pipe, you also need a tank from which water will be drawn.
Steam, steam jet and gas
Steam ejectors are designed to pump gas out of confined spaces and to maintain air in a rarefied state.
Steam jet devices, unlike steam devices, use the energy of a steam jet. The operating principle is based on the fact that the steam flow coming out of the nozzle carries with it at high speed a flow passing through an annular channel around the nozzle. Similar station used for pumping water from ships.
Air or gas ejector is used in gas industry. During operation of the device, the low-pressure gas environment is compressed; compression is achieved through high-pressure gas vapors.
Vacuum devices
The operation of vacuum ejectors is based on the Venturi effect. They are multi- and single-stage. Compressed air enters the device and passes through the nozzle, and this leads to an increase in dynamic pressure and a decrease in static pressure, that is, a vacuum is created. Thus, compressed air entering the ejector, mixes with the pumped-out air and exits through the muffler.
In multi-stage ejectors, unlike the first type, the vacuum is created not in one, but in several nozzles, which are located in the same row. Thus, the compressed air passes through the nozzles and exits the muffler. Advantage of the second type is that when using the same volume of air, greater productivity is provided than in single-stage ones.
Difference from injector
Both of these devices are jet devices, that is, for suctioning liquid and gaseous substances.
An ejector is a device in which kinetic energy is transferred from a working medium at high speed to a non-working, that is, passive, medium through their displacement.
Injector - device, in which gases and liquids are compressed.
The main difference between these devices is the method of transmitting energy to the passive medium. For example, in an injector the supply occurs due to pressure, and in an ejector the supply occurs due to the creation of a self-priming effect.
Almost everyone who was involved in the arrangement autonomous water supply, was faced with the problem of insufficient water supply to the suction pump. From the physics course we know that Atmosphere pressure allows water to be supplied from a maximum depth of 9 meters. In practice, this figure decreases to 7 and even 5 m of confident delivery. An ejector for a pumping station will help solve the problem, allowing you to increase the water pressure. The industry produces such equipment, which is part of pumping stations and pumps.
Design and principle of operation of the installation
An ejector is a device that transfers the energy of a medium moving at high speed to another, less mobile one. In the tapering section of the apparatus, a zone of low pressure of one of the media appears, provoking the suction of the second medium into its flow.
This allows it to move and move away from the suction point, using the energy of the first medium to move.
Internal structure of the ejector. This equipment is used to provide additional meters of water lift and insure the pump or station against unwanted dry running in the event of a sudden drop in the well level
Installations with an internal ejector are intended for pumping water from shallow, no more than 8 m, wells, storage tanks, wells or reservoirs. Distinctive feature devices - the ability of “self-priming”, which allows you to capture water located below the level of the inlet pipe. Therefore, for the device to operate correctly, it is necessary to first fill it with water. Working wheel The device injects liquid and sends it to the entrance to the ejector, thereby creating an ejecting jet.
She accelerates as she moves along the tapering tube. Accordingly, the pressure inside the jet decreases. Thus, the pressure inside the suction chamber also decreases significantly. If you connect a pipe to the inlet pipe and lower it into water, it will begin to be forcefully sucked into the device. Next, the liquid is sent to the suction chamber, slows down and is directed through the diffuser to the outlet, gradually increasing its pressure.
Pumping station with external (left) and internal (right) ejector. Equipment with a remote ejector can be installed at a considerable distance from the well or well
Another type of surface installation is a pumping station with a remote ejector. They are distinguished by the presence of an external ejector immersed in the source of water supply. The design and scope of application of the installations are generally the same as those of analogues with an internal ejector. A significant difference is the ability to use the device at depths of more than 10 m. In addition, such pumps are extremely demanding on the conditions for installing an external ejector. The pipes connecting it to the pump must be installed strictly vertically, otherwise the inlet line may become air-filled and become inoperable.
It is most optimal to use such a device to work at a depth of 15-20 m, although some manufacturers indicate a maximum depth of 45 m. It is clear that with increasing lifting height, the operating characteristics of the pump deteriorate. In general, devices with an external ejector have lower efficiency than those with an internal one.
It is only 30%. But they allow you to get rid of the noise created by the device, and make it possible to place the installation several tens of meters from the well.
Self-production of an ejector
It is quite possible to make the simplest device yourself. You will need a tee for this. required diameter and a fitting that should be located inside this tee. If the fitting is too long, it will need to be cut or ground. If, on the contrary, it is short, then add a vinyl chloride tube of the required length, matching the diameter of the fitting. Since the device will need to be mounted on the pump, you will also need an adapter with angles that form the necessary rotation with the transition to the pipe.
Components for self-assembly of the ejector: 1- tee; 2 - fitting; 3 - vinyl chloride tube; 4 - adapter for metal-plastic pipe; 5 - NxMP angle; 6 - angle НхВ; 7 - NxMP angle
The ejector manufacturing process takes place in several stages:
- Preparing the fitting. The hexagonal element of the part must be ground to form a cone with a base slightly smaller than the diameter of the external thread of the fitting. The threaded part is shortened; no more than four threads can be left. Then, using a thread-cutting tool, we straighten the damaged thread and continue it by approaching the conical part, so that the fitting can be easily screwed into the tee.
- Fitting ejector parts. Screw the fitting into the tee until it stops with the narrow part. In this case, the outlet hole should not extend beyond the middle hole of the tee by more than 1-2 mm. In addition, the internal thread of the tee must be left with no less than 4 threads. If it turns out that the thread of the tee is missing, we grind down the thread of the fitting a little more. If the outlet hole of the fitting is short, we put a vinyl chloride tube on it, if it is long, we grind it off.
Assembling the device
- . We check the compliance of the parts and finally screw in the fitting, making sure to seal the threads with any suitable sealant. Next, we assemble the necessary adapter from the prepared elements for mounting on the pipe.
Scheme for connecting our homemade ejector to the pumping station line
An ejector is an indispensable device for increasing water pressure and providing protection against unwanted dry running of the supply unit. It can be purchased complete with a pumping station, or you can assemble it yourself. In any case, it will work for a long time and efficiently, ensuring an uninterrupted supply of water even from deep well.
A deep well is an excellent engineering solution for providing water to a residential private home. Water extracted from deep layers of soil is usually is different good taste and favorable for human health chemical composition . Exceptions to these rules are quite rare.
Having checked the quality of the life-giving moisture in the laboratory of the local sanitary and epidemiological station, the owners immediately set about arranging autonomous water supply. And then they face a small technical problem. How to ensure suitable pressure in the system and at the same time ensure uninterrupted water intake from a depth of more than ten meters?
Why do you need an ejector?
It is with depths of more than 10 meters that the pump has to work to supply water from drinking wells. And to solve this problem there are two popular ways:
- Purchasing a more powerful and expensive unit included in the pumping station kit. The disadvantage of this method is the high cost of water supply.
- Assembling the ejector with your own hands and installing it on a cheaper, but quite powerful model.
However, to lift moisture from depths greater than 7-10 meters, a small device called an ejector is crucial.
The ejector is a design chamber type designed to create a vacuum and facilitate (accelerate) the rise to the surface of the water. Manufacturers install such a chamber inside the pump or take it outside, thereby reducing the noise level of the unit.
The operating principle of the design is to install a smaller diameter pipe on the supply pipeline. Water in narrow space is forced to move at a higher speed, creating a rarefaction area, like a magnet attracting a water flow and accelerating its further movement through the water supply.
The pipe has T-shape. On the right side of the device there is a diffuser for mixing flows (normal and accelerated). Water enters the left side of the pipe, then mixes with the high-speed flow on the right and continues to move through the pipes.
The speed of movement is largely determined by the location of the ejector. The built-in pump is less powerful, but the remote version is chief assistant in the rise of water from a depth of up to 40 meters. However, it is worth considering that built-in ejectors are more efficient in terms of the performance of the entire pumping station.
It follows that it is worth installing remote ejector models only after first assessing the benefits of such a pumping system.
Remote models do not have very high efficiency– up to 35%. But they also have obvious advantages in the form of silent operation and lifting water from great depths.Experts advise sticking to following rules:
The weak pump is equipped with a built-in ejector, which increases its efficiency, but allows it to work only with shallow wells. Such stations are installed in utility room due to increased noise.
Powerful pumps are equipped with a remote type ejector. Such systems are designed to supply water from deep wells. Pump with storage tank or a hydraulic accumulator can be installed in the house. The ejector is carried into the well.
How to do it yourself
To manufacture the device, you will need available parts in the form of mating elements and fittings: 
- metal tee - serves as the main part;
- water conductor with high pressure in the form of a fitting;
- bends and couplings - elements for installing the device and connecting it to the water supply.
To seal everyone threaded connections FUM tape is used - it is an easy-to-use and plastic seal made of polymer material, vaguely reminiscent of isolation white.
If the plumbing system consists of metal-plastic pipes, installation must be done using crimp elements. There is no need to purchase bends if the water pipes are made of cross-linked polyethylene - they easily bend under the right angle.
Tools you will need:
- water keys;
- vice;
- grinder or emery for grinding.
The work order is as follows: 
- Take a tee with internal thread and screw a fitting into its lower hole. The outlet pipe of the fitting is located inside the tee. Special attention is given to the dimensions of the fitting - all protruding parts are carefully ground off. Short fittings, on the contrary, are extended with tubes. The required size of the part of the fitting protruding from the tee should be no more than three millimeters.
- An adapter with external thread is screwed to the top of the tee. It will be located directly above the fitting. Male thread is used as a means of connecting the adapter to the tee. The opposite end of the adapter is intended for installation water pipe using a crimp element (fitting).
- A bend in the form of an angle is screwed to the lower part of the tee, which already has a fitting, onto which a narrow pipe for recirculation is subsequently attached using a crimp nut.
- Another corner is screwed into the side hole of the tee, designed to connect the water supply pipe. The pipe is secured using a collet clamp.
- After complete assembly, the device is connected to a pre-selected location in the water supply system, which the owner considers optimal for himself. Installation near the pump makes the homemade ejector built-in. And placing it in a well or well will mean that the device operates on the remote principle.
If immersion in water is practiced, three pipes are connected to the device at once: 
- The first sinks to the very bottom, is equipped with a mesh filter and connects to the side corner on the tee. It will take water and transport it to the ejector.
- The second comes from the pumping station and connects to the lower hole. This pipe is responsible for the occurrence of high-speed flow.
- The third is displayed in plumbing system and connects to the top hole of the tee. An already accelerated water flow with increased pressure will move along it.
Operating rules
The service life of a pump or station equipped with an ejector directly depends on compliance with operating rules. 
- Follow the basic technical points necessary starting with the installation of the ejector. It is necessary to correctly correlate the depth of the source and the power of the pump. And based on these parameters, decide on the installation location of the ejector.
- There is no point in setting a built-in ejector to low powerful pump, which has difficulty coping with the rise of water from a deeper well or well. This engineering solution is the best choice for collecting water from irrigation tanks or shallow wells up to 10 meters.
- For wells deeper than ten meters, a powerful pump with high performance(the ejector can be installed near the well, in a caisson chamber). And to lift water from a depth of 15 to 40 meters, it is necessary to place an ejector inside the well, lowering it into the water.
- For all pumps surface type It is extremely important how exactly the external submersible ejector is placed. To protect the equipment from failures and extend its service life, the pipes leading to the surface from the ejector must be placed strictly vertically. If this installation rule is not followed, air may enter the pipeline, which will sharply reduce the efficiency of the system, and in the near future will cause the pump to fail.
- The most productive depth is considered to be up to 20 meters. Although ejectors are traditionally lowered lower. However, the efficiency of such a water supply system will not please the owners. As the depth increases, the pump's performance deteriorates and even the most well-designed ejector is unable to help it.
One of the most interesting and at the same time unknown to the general public polymer is described in the material at the link.
B compulsory Maintenance Regular measurement of pressure in the water supply system is activated. If not installed
special sensor, you can use a pressure gauge to measure the pressure in car tires. To do this, unscrew the protective cap on the hydraulic accumulator.
