Almost every craftsman who knows how to handle a tool at least a little can build a canopy with his own hands. To do this, you need to consider the whole process step by step. There are many options for such buildings. They differ in functionality, durability and scope of application. Features of the construction of canopies, as well as recommendations from experienced craftsmen, will be discussed further.

Varieties

The construction of sheds is a responsible undertaking. There are many options for such designs. They can be autonomous and located at a distance from the house. Such a canopy serves as a place to relax in a country house or garden. Often awnings are attached directly to the wall of the house. In this case, the structure can perform several functions. For example, it could be a carport, a covered area for children's games, a recreation area for adults, etc. There are many options for using such buildings.

If the structure is located at a certain distance from the house, it can be single-pitch or gable. More complex roofing options are rarely installed with your own hands. The canopy that is built near the house usually has only one inclined slope. The main types of canopy roof shapes are as follows:

• semicircular;
• rectangular or square with one inclined or straight slope;
• triangular gable;
• wrong shape.

The construction of the canopy roof, as well as its supports, can be made of different materials. The durability, strength and aesthetics of the building depend on this. The supports can be made of wood or metal pipes. Some craftsmen use plastic for these purposes. However, this material is only suitable for roofs made of very light materials. However, such a structure will be fragile. It is better to attach it directly to the wall of the house.

A canopy built on the side of the terrace looks impressive. Its roof will create a shadow at the entrance to the house. As a result, it won't be as hot inside. If you need to park the car in a secluded, shaded place, it is also recommended to build a canopy.

A roof of such a design can be made of the following materials:

• tree;
• polycarbonate;
• reed;
• metal;
• other roofing materials;
• impact-resistant glass;
• textile.

If you plan to create a canopy for a summer kitchen, it is better to use a metal frame and non-combustible materials for its construction. When creating such a structure over a pool, it is better to give preference to a canopy that is not afraid of dampness.

Features of construction

There are certain standards for building a canopy. Such a structure should not place additional load on the foundation of the house if it is attached to one of its walls. Any canopy should not affect the design features and safety of the buildings to which they are adjacent.

This is a relatively light structure. It may be classified as an auxiliary building. However, carports, including carports, should not be an object of business activity. This is a relatively simple structure, which is often built in a country house or garden.

It is worth noting that permission to build a canopy is not required (Article 51 of the Town Planning Code of the Russian Federation). However, it is worth understanding which building may fall into this category. For example, a garage and a carport have a number of differences. A canopy can have a maximum of 3 closed walls. All the walls of the garage are closed. It has a wide opening for vehicle entry. In order for a canopy not to be recognized as a capital structure (and not need to obtain permission for its construction), it must meet the following requirements:

• can be moved without causing serious damage to the structure;
• is collapsible;
• has no foundation;
• has no fixed communications (except electrical);
• is not an object of movable property.

If the building meets the listed requirements, it is considered temporary. In this case, you do not need to obtain permission for its construction. This must be remembered when planning the procedure for erecting a canopy.

It is also worth noting that some sheds have a foundation as they are built from heavy materials. However, this does not mean at all that such a structure can be considered capital. If only one condition from the list is not met, this does not give the right to recognize the canopy as a capital structure. However, if there are two or more non-conformities, it can be recognized as a permanent structure. In this case, the canopy will be considered as a self-construction object. It will be subject to dismantling.

Material selection

You can build a canopy with your own hands from different materials. First of all, you need to pay attention to the wood. This material is the easiest to process. You can easily build almost any structure from it. When properly processed, this material will be durable.

Natural wood looks impressive. This canopy will fit harmoniously into any landscape design. If it is created near the house, it is worth taking into account the design features of the facade. Typically, wood is most suitable for a summer house or country cottage when it comes to creating such a structure.

The disadvantage of natural material is its susceptibility to adverse weather conditions. At the same time, wood is susceptible to burning. Therefore, before starting construction work, it must be treated with a fire retardant and antimicrobial agents.

All elements must be fixed using bolts or special screws. This work can be done even by a novice master who has never created such buildings before. It is worth considering that wood, if properly processed, can last for several decades without requiring repairs. To do this, you need to use dry boards or laminated veneer lumber during construction work.

The construction of a carport or other purposes can be made of metal. The frame is assembled from a profile using a bolted connection or from pipes using welding. To make bends, you will need to use a special tool. This is a pipe bender. It is worth noting that metal structures are more expensive. In this case, the metal must be constantly tinted, protecting it from the adverse effects of weather conditions. But metal supports can support a roof of greater weight.

Drawing

Whether you plan to build a shed with a pitched roof adjacent to the house, or a free-standing structure with a semicircular roof, it is necessary to create a drawing. This is a plan that reflects the exact number of structural elements and their size to scale. A canopy will subsequently be built on it.

The drawing indicates how many support posts are required, as well as what cross-section they will have. This indicator depends on the size of the canopy. The weight of the structure and roofing material is also taken into account. It is important to take into account the snow and wind load in a given area when making calculations. It is worth noting that if frequent, heavy snowfalls occur here, then it is better to make a slope with a large slope. If strong winds blow in a given area, preference is given to a flat roof.

Lack of supports leads to sagging of the roofing material. Therefore, the total load must be taken into account. If the number of supports is too large, this will result in additional expenses.

If you plan to make a relatively small canopy (about 2-3 m in length), which will be attached to the house, you can get by with just 2 racks. However, for a structure that will be located separately from the house, the number of supports increases to 4 pieces. This is true for the construction of polycarbonate canopies. However, when using heavy materials as flooring, it is worth increasing the number of supports to 6 pieces. If you plan to build a canopy about 6 m long, then the pitch of the support posts should be 1.2-1.5 m.

If you plan to use lightweight roofing material, the rafter system can be assembled from small-diameter timber or metal profiles. In this case, the step between structural elements may be less frequent. If you plan to use tiles for finishing, you need to choose more powerful materials. Their step will be frequent.

For support posts, timber with a cross-sectional size of 15×15 cm or 14×14 cm is most often purchased. For the rafter system, material should be purchased 15×5 cm, and for the jib - 9×9 cm. It is extremely important that the supports stand exactly vertical .

The construction of a garage canopy can be made from metal pipes. To do this, you will need to purchase pillars 10x10 cm or 8x8 cm. To create a rafter truss, you need to purchase metal structures with a cross section of 4x10 cm and 4x4 cm. The main supports must be thick. Additional structural elements may be thinner. If desired, over time the pipes can be lined with stone (natural or artificial) or brick.

Installation of wooden supports and rafters

Construction for a car, summer kitchen or recreation area begins with the installation of supports. After creating a drawing and purchasing materials, you need to start working. Markings are made on the site prepared for construction. Wedges are installed in those places where wooden posts will be installed. All structural elements made from natural material must be treated with a fire retardant and antiseptic.

Next, in the marked places you need to drill 50 cm deepenings. The lower edge of the support is treated with bitumen. It is installed in a recess. The free space is covered with crushed stone or filled with cement mortar. Using a plumb line, the verticality of their installation is checked. An auxiliary beam can be used for fixation. It will be dismantled over time.

From above, each pillar must be cut with a bevel at the same level in accordance with the roof configuration. The angle must be calculated at the drawing creation stage. The lower edge of the slope should be at least 1.8 m from the ground surface. You can make a higher canopy. Especially if the vehicle is large.

The construction of a wooden carport necessarily involves the creation of a rafter system. For this purpose timber is used. The distance between the rafters should be about 1 m. One side will be attached to the wall or a special rack, the second - to the racks of the support pillars.

The elements of the rafter system are connected using self-tapping screws and steel angles. If you want to fix the structure to a wall made of stone or brick, you should purchase metal anchors or dowels. You will also need metal corners.

Completion of construction

The construction of wooden sheds takes relatively little time. After erecting the rafter system, you need to make the sheathing. It is stuffed perpendicularly. The sheathing must be fixed directly to the beams of the rafter system. The sheathing is made from edged boards. Its thickness should be 3 cm. The boards should be distributed at a distance of 90 cm. If the roofing material is soft, a continuous sheathing is created. In other cases, the frequency depends on the characteristics of the material. It is worth noting that the distance should be calculated in accordance with the characteristics of slate, polycarbonate sheets, metal tiles and other types of materials. The boards should run in the center and at the joints of the sheets.

Next, you can install the roofing material. There is no need to lay a layer of insulation underneath. If it is slate, it is screwed along the top of the wave. For this, galvanized screws are used. Their heads need to be fixed flush. It is better to place special washers under the heads. They are made of plastic.

The construction of wooden sheds often involves the use of metal slate. This is a practical material that is known for its durability. It is necessary to very accurately measure the position of the first sheet. Otherwise, the flooring will be skewed. You need to start from the bottom. When the first sheet is securely fixed, the second is laid on it. It must be overlapped.

When the bottom row is created, the material for the second row is fixed in the same way. Not only each subsequent sheet is overlapped, but also the second and first rows.

Almost any roofing material is suitable for finishing. If a canopy is attached to a house, it is better to make it from the same flooring as the roof of the house. This way the design will look more harmonious.

Reed roof

The construction of wooden sheds can be completed with a very exotic finish. For example, it could be reeds. This type of structural finishing is more often used for dachas in the southern regions. If there is a pond nearby with a lot of reeds growing on it, this option will be one of the possible ones.

To create a reed roof, you need to properly prepare the material. It will harmoniously complement the wooden structure. Moreover, such a roof can be on a canopy, either attached to the house or standing separately. The second option is preferable, since the reeds do not always harmonize with the facade of the main house.

Building a lean-to canopy from reeds is easier than covering a gable roof with this material. However, if desired, you can even make round buildings from it. First you need to properly prepare the material. The reeds are cut with a knife. The inflorescences are removed. The stems are laid out in the sun. They need to be dried very well.

When the material is completely dry, it is impregnated with a fire-fighting compound (the same as wooden structures). Reed is a highly flammable material. Therefore, such requirements cannot be neglected. The impregnation is poured into a spray bottle. This will make applying it to natural material much easier and faster. The stems should dry out again.

Next, the material is treated with an antiseptic. After this, you need to dry the wet reeds again. These actions significantly extend the life of the roof. Impregnations usually remain after processing wooden structures. Therefore, this procedure does not require additional costs.

Reeds are tied into bundles using ropes. The thickness of each of them should be about 10 cm. The bundles are laid close to one another. There should be dense waterproofing underneath them. When all the bundles are laid out, they are additionally strengthened with rope. They wrap it around the entire roof, overlapping it several times. Next, fixation is carried out with self-tapping screws along the edge and in the center of the canopy. This way the entire structure will be firmly fixed to the base.

Metal pipes

The construction of carports can be made of metal pipes or profiles. First, a drawing is also created, the weight of the roof and the distance between the supports are calculated. The best looking canopy is one that is supported on pipes with a diameter of 5 cm. The wall thickness should be about 3 mm.

To create supports when building a canopy for a house, pipes 3.5 m long are most often used. They must be installed strictly vertically. Their edge should be at the same height for each support.

To install the posts, you will need to dig holes. Their depth is 50 cm. Next, a flange needs to be welded to the pipes at the top. It can be perforated or solid. This element will be required later for the installation of the roof truss.

Sand and gravel are poured into the prepared holes. Each layer should be 5 cm. They are compacted well. Waterproofing is laid down. Then the supports are installed (strictly vertically). To fix them in the holes, you will need to secure them with several large stones. Next, concrete is poured into the holes.

If you plan to create a collapsible structure, metal pins are driven into the ground. They should go to a depth of at least 80 cm. The supports will be bolted to them. If necessary, the latches can be unscrewed and the canopy can be disassembled by folding it inside the house.

Truss construction and finishing

Next you need to build farms. These are right triangles made from reinforcement. Each pair of support posts requires its own truss. They are installed on the ends of the racks. Next, they need to be lightly welded. After adjustments, they are finally fixed. Most often, the construction of polycarbonate canopies involves the installation of a metal structure. 4 reinforcing rods are welded between the trusses. The sheathing is mounted on them and the corrugated sheet is fixed.

If desired, you can finish the canopy from any other roofing materials. This could be metal tiles, corrugated sheets or slate. Soft roofing materials are more suitable for continuous wooden sheathing of a timber rafter system.

After installation, all metal elements of the structure are primed and then covered with 2 layers of special protective paint. The procedure will need to be performed once a season. Otherwise, the metal will rust and break down.

Pool canopy

The construction of sheds is often required near the pool. On a hot day, you can get sunburn from being in water for a long time. Therefore, for these purposes, canopies made of synthetic materials are installed. These, for example, could be ordinary plastic pipes.

In this case, the support pillars will be able to support the weight of polycarbonate flooring or special fabric that does not allow precipitation to pass through. This canopy is very easy to assemble. First you will need to dig holes to install the supports. This will be a portable, lightweight design. Therefore, the depth of the holes can be only 30 cm. Next, the supports are installed. For this purpose, plastic pipes (for outdoor installation) with a diameter of 110 or 50 mm are used. The roof is also made from pipes. In this case, different angles, turns and adapters are used.

When the structure is assembled, polycarbonate sheets can be attached to the top using self-tapping screws. To prevent water from rain from getting inside through the holes created by the fasteners, you can install rubber washers under them. It is also possible to coat these places with silicone.

You can also cover the tent with a special tarpaulin. In this case, dismantling the structure will be simple and quick. You can also use film for these purposes.

Having considered the features of the construction of canopies, you can create a similar structure with your own hands. It can serve different purposes.

Sometimes a farm may need a large wooden shed measuring 6 by 20. This could be a shed for parking several cars, in order to cover a production site or a storage area for building materials. Sometimes it can be simply a canopy attached to the house and stretching along the entire wall in order to simultaneously cover a passage, passage, parking area, resting place or storage area for equipment. If the canopy is attached to the house, then the most convenient roof structure with such dimensions is a lean-to roof.

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A canopy, even of this size, is not the most complex design, but it definitely requires accurate calculation to create an effective slope angle and select the best material for the roof so that it does not break in winter under the weight of snow. The supporting frame must survive any storms characteristic of the region, otherwise, if errors were made in the calculations, it may simply collapse.

Selection of building materials

To create a strong and reliable structure of this size, you will have to spend money on structural elements. You will need:

1. Support pillars with a cross-section of at least 150 by 200,

2. beams of the same section (their number depends on the length, the beams will have to be spliced),

3. rafters with a cross-section of at least 100 by 150, preferably 200 by 100, depending on the snow load of the region. The pitch between the rafters must be calculated based on the roofing material. If you plan to roof from polycarbonate, then the step needs to be taken more often, 0.7 m. When covering with corrugated sheets, the step can be increased.

The minimum slope of the slope should be at least 12 degrees, or better yet more, so that the snow can easily slide off the roof. The material for the roof should also be taken according to financial capabilities, preferably not rough, so that it does not slow down the sliding of snow.

A minimum slope is created by building walls opposite each other of different heights. For example, to create a slope of 12-13 degrees, the length of the supports should correspond to 3.7 m at the point of attachment to the house and 2.6 m at the lower point of the opposite row.

Support arrangement

When marking the area for the canopy, it is necessary to take into account that the extension from the outside of the roof should be equal to 20 cm. Based on this, along the wall to which the canopy will adjoin and opposite, the installation locations of the support pillars are marked. For example, you can take a step of 3 meters between the pillars. Concrete foundations must be poured under the support pillars. The support column can be immersed in concrete, having previously treated it with anti-rotting impregnations and wrapped in thick polyethylene. You can use embedded parts - anchors. Anchors can also be dismantled and sunk directly into concrete. To create a concrete foundation, a hole 90 cm deep is enough.

The supports are screwed to the anchors with anchors. First, a row is installed near the wall of the house. Then the second outer row of supports is installed. The supports must be installed strictly opposite each other, strictly vertically and aligned to the required height, taking into account the planned slope. That is, the supports near the wall should be higher than the outside ones.

Frame structure

Supporting horizontal beams are attached to the support pillars. You also need to start work from a row from the wall.

The beams are laid on support pillars and spliced ​​together with metal plates. After the horizontal level has been checked, the beams are fastened with self-tapping screws to the support pillars and with the help of fasteners to the wall of the house.

To create a more durable structure, the beams on the opposite side are additionally reinforced with spacers in both directions at an angle of 45 degrees from each support column. The spacers are also attached with self-tapping screws.

The crossbars can be mounted using self-tapping screws, or using metal mounting angles. Beams from the edges are installed first, then in the center, then the rest.

The offset should be at least 20 cm. Lastly, the end board is placed on the ends of the boards.

For greater strength, you can strengthen the outer beams with rafter legs. To do this, a beam is attached to the supporting pillars on the side of the wall at the level of the end of the pillars on the opposite side at an angle of 45 degrees, which will hold the rafters and roof in the winter, when there is excess snow weight.

It is difficult to imagine a modern country house without a canopy. This architectural structure serves two important functions. Firstly, it protects the building from rain and sun. Secondly, it is an excellent means of decorating the facade of a house. Hardworking and inventive owners of summer cottages have come up with a lot of ways to create an additional roof over their heads, which can be made from scrap materials and have a wide variety of shapes.

Types of canopies

The classification of canopies is extensive. Depending on the design features they are:

• inclined (double or single slope);
• straight;
• multifaceted (in the form of curved arches, domes, pyramids, polygons, arcs).

Depending on their location, canopies are divided into:

• free-standing, erected away from the main building (carports, landscape sheds);
• attached. They are erected above the entrance to the house or above the open veranda;
• built-in They are an integral part of the architectural ensemble. Most often they are built into a barbecue area or into an existing building;
• decorative. Serve as decoration for garden compositions.

If we talk about materials, canopies can be made of stone, wood, polycarbonate, or combined.

A wooden canopy is the most popular type, because it is easy to implement and does not require any special expenses for arrangement. Anyone can build such a structure if they have the desire.

DIY wooden canopy

Are you puzzling over the problem of how to build a wooden shed and don’t know where to start construction work? The first step towards realizing your cherished goal is developing a project.

Project development

Wooden shed designs are designed to analyze existing conditions. Especially if the structure will be attached to an already finished building. Information about the foundation and facade wall of the house is extremely important, as well as climatic conditions (wind load, snow thickness in winter, cardinal directions in the location chosen for construction).

In addition, it would not be amiss to think about decorative elements, types of roofing materials that are preferable in a particular case, and choose the shape and size of the canopy. The more detailed your project is, the easier it will be to put it into practice. Accurate numbers will help you correctly calculate the amount of required consumables. The easiest way is to make a wooden canopy over the porch that will be reliable and stable.

When developing a project, you should take into account the working dimensions of roofing materials. Lay the slate sheets overlapping on the ground across and along the waves. Only after receiving the exact dimensions of the clean roof can you begin.

Installation of racks

The design of a wooden canopy can be made from any wood, but pine will best cope with its responsibilities. It is beautiful, durable, light in weight and can fit seamlessly into any exterior.

The tree can be freshly cut, the main thing is that there is no bark on the beams. The recommended cross-section is no less than 75x75 mm. The part of the beam installed on the ground is treated with bitumen mastic before installation, which protects against the negative effects of moisture. The pillars are installed at a distance of a meter from each other so that the roof hangs over the front by at least 200 mm, on the sides (along the waves) - by 50-100 mm.

Using a hand drill or shovel, we prepare wells located along the same line, 500 mm deep. Do not forget to check the diagonals of the canopy - they must be the same. Using a plumb line or a building level, we install the slats. Strictly vertical. For fixation we use auxiliary bars, which can then be removed without any problems.

The free space is filled with concrete or crushed stone. The second option is more profitable. Crushed stone costs nothing, does not require complex mixing, and “holds” just fine. After installing the pillars, they must be cut in height with a bevel corresponding to the slope of the plane so that the rafters lie on the upper ends of the beam. Using a tapping cord or hydraulic level, we get a horizontal line.

The height of the racks at the bottom of the slope should not be lower than 1800 mm. However, if you are planning a rack or table in this part, then this indicator can be made smaller.

Installation of rafters

Next, the installation of a wooden canopy proceeds to a simple, but requiring extreme care, stage - installation of the rafter system. Rafters are beams with a section of 150x50 mm. This strength will be quite sufficient to cover a 6-meter span. Subject to the slope and calculated weight, of course.

The distance between the rafters is about 1 meter. One side is attached to a wall or support board, mounted in advance, and the other is placed on the racks, passing the line at the site of the planned overhang strictly perpendicularly. Wood screws or steel angles are used to connect the components of the rafter system. Fastening to a mineral base, for example, a brick wall, is carried out using corners, consoles, dowels or metal anchors.

We carry out the sheathing

The sheathing is made on top of the rafters (perpendicularly). It is better to use edged boards with a width of 160 mm and a thickness of 30 mm. The boards are distributed along the axes at a distance of 900 mm.

The boards must fit under the joints and the middle of the slate sheets (size 900x1800 mm). The last and first lines should be along the edges of the slope. Screwing must be done using self-tapping screws.

Laying slate

The wooden shed for the dacha is almost completed. You can begin laying the roof covering. The slate is screwed onto the top of the wave using galvanized self-tapping screws equipped with a countersunk head. Experts advise placing special plastic washers under the heads. An average of 11 screws are required per sheet. If there are no washers, then they can be replaced with “Ranilov self-tapping screws” or fasteners with a press washer.

Slate manufacturers often complete their products with trapezoidal or round spacers, which allow them to securely fasten the screws without disturbing the wave shape. Slate sheets are mounted from bottom to top. The rows overlap each other by 100 mm. For reliability, it is better to keep the front and side overhangs minimal (50-100 mm). If necessary, slate is cut with a regular grinder with a diamond wheel.

Important nuances of work

Wooden elements require treatment with compounds that protect against precipitation, mold, mildew and create a decorative effect that is attractive to the eye. Impregnation can be either colorless or tinted.

Now you know how to make a wooden canopy. There are only a few points that require immediate consideration. Pay due attention to the floor. A simple backfill of coarse crushed stone, plank flooring, sandstone cladding, concrete screed - the choice of how to create the “soil” is yours.

Make sure there is light and a couple of outlets under the canopy. The functionality of the finished structure will be added to the grill, hob, and barbecue. Decor variations will depend only on your preferences - you can age the wood, decorate it with climbing plants, wooden shelves, and handmade vases. Think, try and make your dream of a corner of coziness and comfort in the lap of nature come true.

Wooden canopy: photo

Wooden canopy: video

It is impossible to imagine a private house without a canopy; there must be one at least over the porch. This structure serves two functions. First of all, it protects from precipitation and sun, and secondly, it is an element of decoration of the entire building. A lot of options have been invented for how to attach a canopy to a house, using various materials. We will talk about this, and also consider the stages of building a canopy with your own hands.

What types of canopies are there?

Sheds attached to a house can be classified according to various criteria, for example, by shape and design, by materials of manufacture, as well as by their purpose. Based on their design features, canopies can be divided into stationary and sliding. Stationary canopies are structures whose elements are welded or securely connected with bolts and screws without subsequently unscrewing them.

Sliding canopies are distinguished by the fact that their mechanism allows you to extend the roof whenever you want. This is done mechanically using a cord or automatically using a control panel. Retractable awnings have a fabric roof and are often called awnings. They are easy to attach to the wall of the house with your own hands.

According to their shape, all canopies near a private house can be divided into:

• single-pitched;
• gable;
• arched

To cover a large area near a private house, for example, above a terrace, it is better to erect lean-to and arched canopies. The design of a lean-to canopy is simple, and therefore should not cause difficulties when building with your own hands. For an arched canopy, you can generally buy some of the elements ready-made; you just have to assemble the canopy, like a Lego set.

A gable canopy is more suitable for a small canopy over the porch to the house. Such a visor will be reliable. Snow will not stay on it in winter.

As for materials, both wooden beams and metal pipes are used to make the frame of the canopy and its supports. And sometimes stone or brick columns are erected for the canopy, which gives the structure majesty and scale.

The roof is made of metal tiles, corrugated sheets, polycarbonate, euro slate. The material is selected the same as the roof of a private house, so that the entire structure looks in the same style. A metal canopy will be more reliable, but it is also more expensive than a wooden canopy. A wooden canopy will look better next to a wooden house, so be sure to take this into account when building. And if you need to create an arched canopy, polycarbonate is suitable, because only it has good flexibility.

And finally, the purpose of awnings for a house can be different. Small awnings are designed to protect the porch from precipitation. A canopy can be built to create a cozy terrace. Often carports are built near a house for a car; this happens if the yard area does not allow the construction of a separate one.

Stages of construction of a canopy from corrugated pipes

It will be difficult for an unprepared person to build a canopy for a house, but in principle it is possible. First you need to decide on its size and choose a design. It is easier to build a lean-to canopy; you need to make a sketch of it and put down the main dimensions. Let's look at everything using the example of a canopy measuring 5x4 m.

Collecting materials

The design of this canopy includes support posts and beams, purlins, roofing and fastening elements. Therefore, to make a lean-to canopy, you need to purchase the following materials:

• profile pipe 80x80x2 mm, length 3 m - 3 pieces;
• profile pipe 80x40x2 mm, length 5 m – 1 piece;
• profile pipe 40x20x2 mm, length 4 m - 9 pieces;
• profile pipe 20x20x2 mm, length 5 m - 4 pieces;
• side truss 25 cm high and 5 m long - 1 piece;
• metal junction strip;
• corrugated sheeting 6 m long - 4 sheets;
• self-tapping screws;
• primer for metal;
• concrete mixture and crushed stone.

Don’t forget about all the tools, prepare a tape measure, a level, a grinder with discs for cutting metal, a welding machine, a container for mixing concrete, a shovel.

Foundation and supports

Installation of supports under the canopy begins with clearing the area and marking the area. Metal poles must be installed at a distance of 4 meters from the wall of the house and at a distance of 2.5 m from each other. Therefore, on one straight line it is necessary to dig holes 1.2 m deep and 1.5 shovels wide. A sand-crushed stone cushion, approximately 15-20 cm, is poured into the bottom of the pit, on which supports are installed. The supports must have thrust bearings so that over time they do not begin to fail.

So, support pillars made of 80x80 mm profile pipe are fixed strictly vertically and filled with concrete, which hardens and gains strength in about a week. At this time, you can concrete the area under the canopy, if it is not already concreted. You can use paving slabs or asphalt instead of concrete.

Frame and roof

To make a frame, you need to be able to work with a welding machine or invite a specialist to do this. But before starting welding work, it is necessary to secure a longitudinal support beam 80x40 mm on the load-bearing wall of the house using bolts. It needs to be mounted at a height of 2.5-2.6 m to ensure water flow.

Next, they take the finished side truss and, together, install it on vertical supports, and then weld it. The next stage is creating the sheathing. Pipes 40x20 mm are laid on one side on the truss, and on the other on the transverse beam and are also welded. The distance between the pipes should be approximately 60 cm.

A purlin is made on top of the support pipes for structural rigidity. To do this, you need to lay 20x20 mm corrugated pipes at an equal distance from each other and weld them. After all welding work is completed, you need to clean all welding places and treat all the metal with a primer. If the pipes are galvanized, then it is enough to coat only the welding points with a primer. At this point the frame for the roof will be ready.

The corrugated sheeting is laid in the direction of the slope, overlapping. It is necessary to leave an allowance along the edges of the roof to completely cover the metal frame.

An abutment strip is attached between the wall of the house and the roof; it will prevent water from entering the gap. A gutter can be made at the bottom edge of the slope if necessary.

How to build a canopy out of wood

Agree, working with a welding machine is a serious problem for about half of the people, and metal profiles are expensive nowadays. It’s much easier to collect all the available lumber in the barn, buy what’s missing, and attach a simple but quite practical wooden canopy to the house. Under such a canopy you can rest no worse than under a structure with a metal frame, and maybe even better.

The first thing you need to do is generate an idea and sketch a sketch. We think that after reading the first paragraph of this publication, there will be no problems with ideas. And everyone can also draw a sketch, even if it is not a very beautiful drawing, the main thing is that it is understandable. But problems may arise with the drawing; not everyone will do it correctly. However, a wooden canopy for a private house is quite simple in design and you can do without a drawing at all, the main thing is to calculate everything correctly and paint the material.

We prepare everything you need

Having drawn a sketch and put down all the necessary dimensions of the building, you can begin to calculate the material. We expect to make a wooden canopy with our own hands, 2 m wide, 6 m long and 2.4 m high, and for it we will need the following material.

1. Beam 150x150 mm, 2.4 meters long – 4 pieces, which will go to the vertical supports.
2. Two long (6 m) boards 150x50 mm, which we decided to use as longitudinal beams.
3. Boards 150x50 mm, length 2.5 m – 7 pcs. to the rafters.
4. Six-meter boards 100x25 mm - 7 pieces will be used for the sheathing.
5. Metal mounting bracket and long screws and bolts. With their help we will fasten the load-bearing elements of the structure.
6. 3 six-meter sheets of corrugated sheeting 0.9 mm, width 1000 mm.
7. 4 thrust bearings for anchors of vertical supports, mounting width 150 mm.
8. Bolts with washers and nuts for thrust bearings, special self-tapping screws for corrugated sheets.
9. Primer for wood processing.
10. Cement 4 bags, sand 3 bags, crushed stone 1 bag.
11. A piece of roofing felt 2x1.5 meters.

In addition to the material, let's take a tool:

• screwdriver;
• drill;
• hand saw;
• perforator;
• furniture stapler;
• a set of open-end wrenches, a set of screwdrivers;
• bayonet shovel;
• trough;
• bucket;
• pencil, building level, ruler;
• laser tape measure;

Assembling the frame and roofing stele

Let's start construction. To make the frame of a wooden canopy for a private house, you need to prepare the site and make anchors for the vertical supports. Without preparation, the construction of even such a simple structure is impossible. We clear and level the area in front of the wall of a private house, install cast-offs, and pull the rope to determine the boundaries of the area under the structure.

For your information! In order to properly level the area under the canopy with your own hands, it is necessary not only to remove debris and foreign objects from it, but also possibly excess soil.

Next, using a laser tape measure, we carefully measure the site and mark the locations for installing anchors. We dig 4 holes to a depth of 1.5 meters, approximately 40x40 cm wide. We line the holes with roofing felt, fastening the pieces of material with a furniture stapler. Fill the molds with concrete mixed with small crushed stone. We still install the thrust bearings in the wet concrete so that the fasteners stick out strictly vertically (you need to check with a level) and wait until the concrete hardens. Next we do the following.

In conclusion, we note that when making a house with a canopy with your own hands, you must balance your desires with your capabilities. You can plan a beautiful steel wall canopy with a glass roof like your neighbor’s, but at the same time do not have the funds to implement the project. Or you can build a canopy with your own hands from scrap lumber for pennies and be happy. Good luck!

A canopy is a roof located on supports. This is an uninsulated stationary structure designed to protect the local area from precipitation and rays emanating from the sun. It is often used for parking a car; in the summer, you can place a table under it and organize a seating area in the shade.

The manufacture of a canopy can be carried out according to different schemes. They differ in roof design, materials used, installation method (attached, support-cantilever).

Types of structures

The extension to the house must be functional and match the exterior of the structure. A properly planned canopy will protect not only from rain and sun rays, it will become a beautiful addition to the overall design of the building. There are several types of roof construction, it can be:

• Straight. Used to protect vehicles from precipitation. Can be installed on terraces and serve as an additional decoration for the entrance to the house;
• Sloping. They are divided into single-slope and double-slope. The planes are made at an angle to allow water to drain and snow to fall off. The slope is located on the leeward side, this reduces the possibility of the roof falling off;
• Figured. Dome, arched, hipped, compositionally complex structures are used.

Depending on the construction method, sheds are divided into free-standing, attached, and support-cantilever. According to the installation option and fastening method, they can be divided into:

• Supporting. Install vertically or at an angle to the wall on supports. They have different sizes and are built from any materials: wood, metal, stone.
• Console. Using special pendants, the structure is fixed directly to the wall. To reduce pressure on the facade of the house, lightweight materials are used to make canopies, which serve as protection for windows and doors from precipitation.

Materials used to build a canopy

When choosing building materials for the construction of load-bearing elements and floors, it is necessary to comply with certain requirements. The type of extension must correspond to the general character of the structure. The product must be durable and resistant to mechanical damage. Racks should be made of wear-resistant materials that are protected against corrosion. To reduce the load on the supports, light coatings are chosen. Such a fact as the transmission capacity of solar rays is also taken into account.

Materials for frame and supports

The frame is the main structural element; it bears the entire load, so durable materials are used in its manufacture. It consists of separate parts fastened together (beams, supports, trusses, rods). The main materials for this base are:

1. Metal. The skeleton is assembled from metal, galvanized pipes and profiles. The joints are connected by welding and special rivets. The frame may have a complex shape and contain forging elements. The installation of metal structures can be done with your own hands; the work does not require much construction experience. To prevent corrosion to which metal products are susceptible, they are coated with a layer of primer and painted. Among the advantages of such bases are increased strength, reliability, long service life, and resistance to environmental influences. Disadvantages include susceptibility to oxidation due to improper processing or lack thereof.
2. Tree. A wooden box is constructed from logs or timber. For sheathing, slats, lining, and boards are used. The material is easy to process, environmentally friendly and natural. Disadvantages include the poor sustainability of raw materials to the environment. It can absorb moisture or dry out, causing deformation of the wood. Wood is susceptible to rotting, is easily flammable, and serves as a breeding ground for various insects. To avoid negative effects, wood is coated with varnishes, special solutions, and painted.
3. Forged supports. The most expensive type of frame is comparable in cost to stainless steel supports, which are welded using special welding - argon. The skeleton can consist entirely of forged parts; they can complement other structures. It is distinguished by its durability, special, unique appearance. The elements can be relatively light and still have good flexibility.
4. Stone or brick. You can find brick frames, very rarely made of stone. This foundation is used for fundamental construction. It is durable and strong. Stone structures take a very long time to erect, however, their characteristics significantly exceed the various properties of their analogues.

You should not erect a wooden canopy over a grill or barbecue; the wood near the fire can heat up and become deformed and catch fire.

Methods for attaching a wooden frame

Canopies with a wooden skeleton can be fixed with one edge directly to the façade of the building, and the other can be placed on the load-bearing beams. Not all structures are attached to the wall; they can only stand on support pillars. Small curtain rods can be attached directly to the wall.

The first thing to do is to fix the supporting logs and beams. They can be installed in several ways: concreted, secured to a screed, concrete, or wooden base using a metal bearing.

If there is a supporting beam located vertically, markings are applied to the wall of the structure, along which the support is secured with self-tapping screws. To strengthen such a structure, it is supplemented with special triangular structures that support the floor beams.

The slats are fastened to the supporting posts using nails, screws, self-tapping screws, and galvanized metal plates. Also, special grooves are made in the racks on both sides, which are attached to the support beams. The corners are reinforced with metal bridges and corners.

Roofing materials

The construction market offers a wide variety of roofing coverings used in the construction of sheds. You can cover the roof with polycarbonate, acrylic glass, metal-plastic, and other sheet materials. Each type of cladding has its own characteristics. To do this, let’s take a look at the most popular coatings:

Metal profile

Metal profile is another name for corrugated sheet, corrugated sheet. It is a galvanized steel profiled sheet. Roofing corrugated sheeting is made more rigid so that it can withstand the loads from fallen snow, and the corrugated sheet for the roof also differs in the method of connection - the joining is done with an overlap. Metal profiles are used to cover the roofs of private houses, cottages, gazebos, terraces, garages, hangars, canopies, and are even used as a fence. When using corrugated sheeting, a durable structure is obtained that does not allow moisture and sunlight to pass through. The material is light weight and low cost. Requires a flat surface during installation. It is not recommended to walk on it, as it may cause dents. If cracks appear during installation, they should be painted over, otherwise the sheet will begin to rust. Also, the corrugated sheet has low sound insulation and thermal insulation.

Polycarbonate

Polycarbonate is a good option for covering verandas, swimming pools, and outbuildings. The material is durable and can be used in all climate zones. Several types of this raw material are produced, each of which has characteristic differences:

• Cell phone is the most common. It has a cellular structure of different sizes. It is covered with a special layer of film, which is glued to the front side and protects it from sunlight;
• Monolithic - rarely used, a reinforced frame is required, which significantly increases the cost of the structure as a whole;
• Profiled - made from monolithic sheets. Has increased resistance to bending.

Polycarbonate is a synthetic raw material. It is lightweight, highly durable, and resistant to precipitation. The material is transparent, comparable to glass. It is soundproof and, thanks to the presence of a special coating, does not transmit ultraviolet radiation. Disadvantages include its expansion when heated, and destruction of the structure under the influence of alkalis. During installation, certain requirements must be adhered to: the polycarbonate sheet is laid so that the protective film is on top; fastened with self-tapping screws with a mandatory distance from the edge of at least five millimeters. Due to the low weight of the product, it can be laid on a lightweight frame.

Metal tiles

Metal tiles are obtained by molding sheet metal, which is coated with protective compounds and special primers. Mostly steel is used, very rarely copper and aluminum (on request). Products differ in the type of protective-coloring coating, which consists of: glossy (PE), matte (MPE) polyester; plastisol (PVC); glossy (PUR), matte (MatPUR) pural; polydifluoride (PVF, PVDF).

The material is very durable and reliable. Unlike corrugated sheeting, it is resistant to corrosion and various mechanical damage. It insulates sound well and does not allow heat to pass through. It is easily cut with a grinder, and if you don’t have one, you can use ordinary metal scissors. Lay the sheets from the bottom edge overlapping each other.

Wooden grate

Wooden lattice - is a double frame, with a grid of slats fixed inside. It is used to create partitions and has a decorative function for gazebos, terraces, verandas, and patios. It differs in the way the slats are crossed; it can take the form of rectangular or diagonal weaving.

To create the lattice, different types of wood are used - oak, pine, birch, larch, and others. It is not used as an independent covering. To cover the canopy, it is better to use materials made of wood, such as planks, ploughshares, shingles, shingles, and spindles. However, such designs will have a fairly high price.

Marquise

An awning is a fabric canopy located above a window, balcony, or entrance to a house, used as protection from sunlight. She creates a shadow. It is a covered canopy. This covering does not require vertical supports, as it is designed for wall mounting, with the exception of pergola awnings.

Depending on their location, awnings are divided into window, balcony, terrace, and pergola. Each type is different in its design. The disadvantage of such products is their coating, because fabric of any strength and treatment fades over time. Some structures are heavy, so when placing them, the strength of the building material on which they will be attached is taken into account (foam block, a thick layer of plaster will not withstand such loads).

Fabric

Fabric. Various fabric materials are used to sew and cover canopies and awnings. It is necessary that the fabric not only provides shelter from the sun, but also protects from rain. There are several of these:

• Tarpaulin. Traditional material. It is durable, inexpensive, and resistant to moisture. However, the structures are heavy and have an unattractive appearance;
• PVC based fabric. It is light in weight and comes in many colors. The disadvantages are that it breaks easily and melts at high temperatures.

Materials for flooring under the canopy

The flooring located on the street (gazebo, veranda, attic) does not have heating. It is constantly exposed to changes in temperature. Therefore, they approach the choice responsibly. Materials must meet certain qualities, such as moisture resistance, strength, wear resistance, frost resistance. Chipboard panels and linoleum are not suitable, but there are many materials that meet the requirements. Let's look at the most common ones:

• Wooden flooring. A board made of solid logs is used. The flooring can be installed before the canopy is erected or later. The preparation of the base for the floor depends on this. Load-bearing beams can be laid directly on the ground, but if you want the structure to last for a long time, you need to make a high-quality base. It can be a cement screed, or compacted crushed stone poured onto agrofibre, which covers the soil. Having laid the sheathing on the base, nail down the lamellas;
• Terrace board. Made from solid wood or WPC (polymer-wood composite). Laying is also done on the sheathing. The board has its advantages and disadvantages, but WPC is resistant to moisture, withstands temperature fluctuations, has a long service life, and is not afraid of deformation;
• Paving slabs. Initially, a base is prepared, which consists of a layer of crushed stone, and sand is laid on top, it is filled with water and compacted. Paving slabs are laid according to the level represented by stretched ropes, adding sand in the shrinkage areas. The flooring is highly durable, not afraid of precipitation, and neutral to temperature changes. Has many shapes and colors;
• Concrete flooring. Before pouring, a crushed stone cushion is laid. If there is a need for increased strength, reinforcement is used. Curbs, boards, flat slate, and plywood are used as formwork. For beacons it is advisable to use a metal profile. After pouring the concrete mixture, it is leveled, stretching the rule along the beacons, and the concrete is allowed to dry. Natural patterns can be created on the surface.

What to consider when designing a canopy

Any construction begins with the creation of a drawing. At this stage, the scheme of the future structure, its size are considered, the load on the base and load-bearing beams is calculated, and the required number of supports is calculated. Provision is made for the slope of the coating plane and the presence of a drain. Proper planning requires compliance with certain requirements:

• The height of the canopy must be more than two meters;
• The skeleton of the structure must be made as simple as possible, without loading it with unnecessary details;
• It is necessary to measure the area occupied by the canopy;
• Take into account the thickness of the load-bearing walls, the design of the main room, the presence of wind, the amount of seasonal precipitation;
• The foundation should be selected based on the materials of the frame and coating;
• It is necessary to provide protection for individual elements from adverse effects (use of impregnations, paints, antiseptics, protective varnishes);
• You should take into account the roof material, its ability to transmit light; under it you can install a special fabric covering that can be easily rolled up;
• When calculating additional lighting, consider the functional purpose of the structure;
• Take into account the presence of façade cladding (siding, decorative plaster), and select the color of the porch or canopy covering to match it.

Choosing a location

The protective function of the canopy is very important, but its location and compatibility with the design of the structure are also important. If a dacha or country house, also located within the city, has not yet been built, then the canopy is installed separately from the structure being built. It is good to attach the structure to the facade of the house, directly against its wall.

If the size of the plot allows, then preference is given to a canopy with a larger area, under which several cars can be placed. This will perfectly solve the problem of relatives coming to visit by car, or the family having several cars. When choosing the side of the facade, the windy side and architectural differences of the house are taken into account; sometimes its design does not allow installing the structure from the front side.

According to building regulations, the distance between the canopy attached to the side wall and the end point of the site must be more than three meters.

Do-it-yourself canopy installation with a wooden frame

Such designs are found everywhere. They are used in the country, they can be attached to a private house, and even observed on the territory of factories. Many people prefer building materials such as wood. This is due to its characteristics. It's easy to work with him. Even with a huge selection of materials, wooden structures remain in trend.

It is possible to make a wooden canopy for your house with your own hands. To do this, you will need to draw up a plan, purchase building materials, have tools for work, decide on a location, and perform preparatory work.

Required tools and materials

Having finished all the calculations and having decided on the quantity, you can begin purchasing the missing building materials. When constructing hand-made structures, materials must be taken with a small margin, this will avoid unpleasant situations with incorrect calculations. To start work you will need the following building materials:

• Wooden floor beams, load-bearing supports, slats;
• Roofing coverings;
• Crushed stone, sand, wood, cement, geotextiles;
• Fasteners (angles, screws, bolts, etc.).

To carry out work you will need the following tools:

• Drill, shovel;
• Wheelbarrow, cart;
• Old bathtub, concrete mixer;
• Hammer, axe, hacksaw;
• Drill, screwdriver, grinder;
• Roulette, level.

Foundation

A canopy with a wooden frame does not require powerful support. A lightweight foundation is suitable for it. Use columnar, concrete. Usually a blind area is made around buildings. Therefore, load-bearing supports located near the wall are attached directly to it.

Professionals recommend preparing sites, but you can do without them. The creation of such foundations begins with the removal of the top layer of soil in the yard - up to thirty centimeters. The surface is treated with special solutions that prevent the remnants of the plant root system from growing, and is covered with geotextiles. A layer of sand and crushed stone is poured on top of it. They need to be filled with water and compacted well.

A columnar foundation is different from a concrete foundation. To fill it, you will need to dig a hole and drill a hole to the depth of soil freezing - up to one meter. A sewer plastic pipe is inserted into the resulting recess and leveled. A wooden beam can be concreted in a pipe, or attached to a screed after the foundation has dried. For the first case, the support is impregnated with varnishes, antiseptics, wrapped with roofing material from below, and wrapped with film.

The concrete foundation is poured into the trench. They deepen it half a meter, and dig it in width with a shovel bayonet - up to forty centimeters. The bottom should be covered with a layer of sand, crushed stone should be poured on top of it. If necessary, reinforcement is made. Concrete is poured onto the prepared base, while supporting beams are leveled. Next, the foundation stands, dries, and hardens. Only after this can you begin further installation of the wooden frame. The beams can be secured to the surface of the concrete screed using a thrust bearing.

Frame

It is mounted on a concrete foundation and a wooden base. To do this, use a thrust bearing, a corner. To create a strong structure, all elements must be attached to the base at a right angle, perpendicular. Support beams can serve as the basis for only one side of the frame, in the case where the second rests directly on the facade, or support both sides when installing load-bearing logs near the wall.

Its structure depends on the type of roof (single, gable, curved). A pitched roof is the most common, low-cost option. At the final stage, they begin to create the sheathing, which is laid on the rafters and trusses.

Roof installation

The covering is attached to the finished sheathing. The laying technology for each material is different. For example, corrugated sheets and metal tiles are fastened with self-tapping screws, slate with special nails, and for fabrics, a slats and an industrial stapler are enough. When attaching the material, its edges should be moved beyond the base area. These actions will create an additional barrier from precipitation.

The roof does not require the installation of a vapor barrier layer or additional insulation. However, you can lay a layer of waterproofing. When attaching different coatings, it is enough to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer.

Floor installation

Doing the flooring yourself will not be difficult. It all starts with a base on which the flooring material can be laid. It is advisable to combine a wooden frame with the same floor covering. Consider the option of laying wooden flooring:

• For the foundation of the deck, you can use wooden beams, the size of which is comparable to the area of ​​the canopy. They are laid out along the edge of the support posts. To level the foundation beams, concrete blocks can be placed under them;
• Recesses are made under the concrete substrates, crushed stone is poured under them to obtain a flat plane for the base being used;
• After leveling the surface, they proceed to the stage of installing the logs, creating the sheathing on which the floor covering will be attached;
• Flooring boards can be attached to the finished structure. They are laid with a small gap.
• Since the boards are not always the same height, they are sanded;
• At the final stage, it is recommended to treat the surface with varnishes, stains or paint.

Decorative design

A practical canopy can also be beautifully decorated. Give it your own twist. There are many design options, for example:

• You can make a closed canopy by installing wooden bars on the sides;
• Cover the load-bearing supports with savage;
• Plant hanging varieties of plants and grapes around;
• Partially glaze the structure;
• Install a decorative fireplace inside;
• Decorate with forged items;
• Decorate the building with bright colors.

Conclusion

Build a foundation, erect a frame, cover the canopy with roofing material - all the steps can be done with your own hands. The presence of a huge selection of building materials offered by manufacturers allows you to create a canopy for your home, a canopy for every taste. If desired, you can install a straight or curved roof shape, use wood or corrugated pipe as load-bearing supports. Create the necessary decor.