How to save tomatoes from whiteflies. Small but harmful: how to detect in time and how to destroy the whitefly on greenhouse tomatoes. Whitefly in the garden: a description of the pest and signs of damage
A small insect fluttering in a greenhouse and quickly spawning entire colonies is familiar to many lovers of gardening. This is nothing more than a whitefly - one of the most harmful insects that can cause serious damage to the crop. The most common whitefly is found on tomatoes, but it can also settle on cucumbers, eggplants, and even.
Peculiarities
- a small insect (no more than 3 mm), outwardly resembling. It has wings covered with white bloom. Prefers to settle in large groups on the underside of a leaf of tomatoes. In the same place, the pest lays eggs, from which larvae appear. Attaching to the leaves, voracious of their juice, the consequence of which is malnutrition, and later the death of the plant.
It is this moment that is most suitable for pest control. After all, the body of already saturated larvae is enveloped in a dense wax coating, which prevents the penetration of insecticides. The crop will not ripen in the greenhouse if adults begin to emerge from the cocoons. They will lay eggs and the breeding process will repeat again. In this case, the fight against the whitefly on tomatoes may become meaningless.
A great danger to plants is the feces that the whitefly leaves in the greenhouse on tomatoes. Initially, they have the appearance of a brilliant plaque. After a while, soot fungi appear in those places in the form of dark spots.
On a note!
Often on the top of a leaf of tomatoes you can find a transparent or white bloom, which turns black over time. This is nothing more than sooty fungi, which are formed from the secretions of the pest. If no action is taken, they can spread to the fruits.
Signs of infection
You can detect the presence of a pest in a greenhouse by the following signs:
- A white midge, reminiscent of, often flutters over tomato beds in a greenhouse;
- You can find whiteflies on tomatoes if you shake the seedling bush slightly - a whole swarm of small soaring butterflies will appear above it;
- The presence of barely visible translucent scales on the underside of the tomato leaf;
- The presence on the leaf of a sticky and shiny coating (a waste product of insects) in different parts of the plant;
- Dark and black spots on tomatoes in a greenhouse are a sign of sooty fungus infestation, which is spread by the whitefly;
- Slow plant growth;
- Yellowed and twisted leaves on tomatoes in a greenhouse.
Any of the above symptoms means that the whitefly lives on the tomatoes in the greenhouse.
Ways to fight
Not every gardener knows how to get rid of whiteflies on tomatoes in a greenhouse. So the fluttering midge is destroyed more easily, and it does less harm to plants than its larvae. There are various methods of dealing with whiteflies on greenhouse tomatoes.
chemical method
The use of chemicals. Remedies for whiteflies on insecticidal tomatoes are diluted according to the attached instructions. The resulting solution is used to spray infected plants.
It is necessary not only to know how to process tomatoes, but also to choose the right drug. After all, the poison of some chemicals acts on insects through the sap of plants, contact insecticides kill the pest when it hits it. Soap-based chemicals are used when aggressive agents cannot be used. You should also consider the degree of infection of the plant. The following drugs are recognized as the most effective: Aktara, Fosbecid, Pegasus, Confidor or Mospilan.
Fumigation
mechanical method
The mechanical method of dealing with the whitefly involves treating the leaves of the plant with a soapy solution, which is then washed off with clean water. This procedure allows you to get rid of whitefly clutches, which allows plants to breathe better.
Glue - another effective method of pest control in the greenhouse. They can be purchased at any specialized store or market. Or you can make your own trap. It is enough to take yellow or white cardboard and cover it with a layer of Vaseline. Bright colors will attract butterflies, but contact with a sticky surface will be fatal for them.
biological method
Folk remedies
There are also folk remedies to combat the winged tomato pest. Despite the fact that their use requires repeated use, these methods of control are the safest for human health.
A good effect is the use of cold air. Low temperatures are detrimental to insects. Therefore, if the variety of tomatoes allows, then you can take them out of the greenhouse into the cold.
The most effective whitefly remedy is garlic. It has bactericidal properties that repel pests. Garlic tincture is used for watering and spraying tomato seedlings.
No less effective means is laundry soap. It is rubbed on a fine grater and diluted in warm water in a ratio of 1:6. The resulting solution is used to process tomatoes.
You can also process infected tomatoes in a greenhouse with yarrow infusion (80 g of grass per 1 liter of boiling water). Large tomato leaves are wiped with a cotton pad, and small ones can simply be sprayed.
Prevention
Whitefly control on tomatoes in a greenhouse may not be necessary if preventive measures are applied. After all, it is not in vain that people say that the disease is easier to prevent than to treat it.
- All metal parts of the greenhouse structure should be painted over with paint in advance.
- The land plot also requires preparation - it must be cleared of last year's grass and tops.
- Do not leave compost in the garden, as it can become a great habitat for insects.
- When buying seedlings, carefully check the plants for whitefly infestation.
- When planting seedlings, it is necessary to take care of high-quality ventilation in the greenhouse.
- The air temperature in the greenhouse should not exceed 15 degrees.
Such tips and methods of control will help prevent the appearance and spread of whiteflies on tomatoes in your greenhouse.
A small butterfly that can cause serious harm to vegetable crops, we plant on a personal plot. You should know the basic principles of development and reproduction of these small insects so that the fight against whitefly in a greenhouse on tomatoes is successful.
This butterfly is able to breed, forming huge colonies. One female lays up to 250 eggs. The whitefly is dangerous for planted tomatoes, but besides this, up to 300 different types of other crops are not immune from its invasion.
Characteristics of the whitefly
There are 2 types of such insects: indoor and greenhouse. The latter live in greenhouse conditions. They like moist and warm air. Primary infection occurs with planting material, or through already infected plants.
A small (up to 3 mm) whitefly, similar to a garden aphid, but its wings have a white coating. She often settles as part of a large group on the reverse side of the leaves. There, she lays eggs, from which the larvae subsequently hatch. It is they who, digging into the plant and drinking juice from it, can cause serious harm, and subsequently lead to the death of the plant.
At a time when the larvae have not yet turned into a cocoon, they can be removed with the help of insecticides. The dense shell reliably protects the larva during this period. In the future, when the time for hatching of adults begins and the time for the appearance of a new generation of insects again comes, the process of fighting them may fail.
After micro-destruction of the foliage, the sap of the plant is released to the surface, and together with the excrement of this insect, an excellent environment is formed for the development of a fungal infection. On the leaves of tomatoes, places of a silvery coating first appear, but over time, sooty mushrooms resembling dark spots form on them.
The first signs of pest damage
To know how to treat plants from whiteflies, you should study the main signs that appear at the initial stage of plant damage by this insect:
- in the greenhouse you can see flying small insects;
- when shaking a tomato bush, a cloud of fluttering small butterflies appears above it;
- on the underside of the tomato leaves, as well as on its other parts, almost transparent scaly segments are stuck;
- the appearance of dark spots on the plant is a clear sign of damage by a soot fungus, which is formed on the excrement of whiteflies;
- plants do not grow fast enough;
- twisted leaves appear on the stems of greenhouse tomatoes;
- fruits of tomatoes acquire a whitish hue, cease to ripen.
If such features are found, it can be suspected that the plants are already affected by this pest. Immediately after this, get rid of the insect.
Methods of destruction
Novice gardeners may not have encountered such a phenomenon, and do not know how to get rid of these insects. Flying individuals are much easier to destroy than their larvae. In addition, adults themselves are not as dangerous as their newly hatched cubs. Therefore, the fight against the whitefly on tomatoes should begin at the moment the flying midges appear, but before the time when they lay eggs. To destroy these pests, we get rid of in several ways.
With the help of chemicals
Infected plants are sprayed with insecticides, which can be purchased at gardening stores. Such agents act on tomato pests through plants, after the poison is absorbed into the stems and leaves of the bushes. Therefore, it is necessary to choose suitable preparations for the treatment of bushes.
During the formation of ovaries on tomatoes, soap-based products are used. This takes into account the degree of infestation by insects. Of these drugs are recognized as the best: Pegasus, Fosbecid, Aktara, Confidor, Mospilan. How to deal with the whitefly on tomato seedlings with these means is indicated in the instructions.
Smoke destruction
The method of getting rid of whiteflies on tomatoes by fumigation is one of the most effective methods for greenhouse cultivation. It is enough to carry out such a procedure twice during the season, and the pest will not appear on tomato seedlings. After such a procedure, not only adults will die, but also larvae and whitefly pupae.
Techniques of mechanical methods
With this method, the leaves should be treated with a soapy solution, and then washed off with clean water. In this way, you can get rid of the deposited larvae, freeing the surface of the foliage and making it possible for the plant to receive oxygen.
Special insect traps with adhesive properties can also help get rid of whiteflies in the greenhouse. They can be purchased at specialized stores or elsewhere. If desired, it is built independently. Lubricate cardboard with bright coloring with Vaseline.
For insects that have flocked to such a surface, the vaseline surface will be fatal. After filling with midges, you can erase this layer and re-lubricate it with petroleum jelly.
Before getting rid of the whitefly, prepare the bait from heated rosin, castor oil and honey. Then, it is applied to a dense surface of a bright color and placed in a greenhouse along the aisles.
Biological method
Also, in the greenhouse, cardboard boxes are hung between rows of tomatoes, with pupae placed in them.
After the appearance of insects, they rush to the whitefly and eat their larvae located on the leaves of tomatoes. He knows how to deal with the whitefly, a common ladybug that eats both adults and larvae, as well as the macrolofus bug. For 1 sq. m. of greenhouse area with tomatoes, 5 of these bugs are enough. After 15 days, the addition of new individuals of Markofolus should be repeated.
Folk wrestling techniques
These methods of struggle have the safest effect on the human body. But they have to be carried out in the greenhouse repeatedly to cope with the pest.
Cold air is detrimental to insects. Before you get rid of the whitefly in the greenhouse on tomatoes, if possible, the seedlings are taken out for some time in the open air. The whitefly cannot stand the smell of garlic. Therefore, a tincture is prepared from it, it is enough to add 2 chopped cloves of garlic to 2 liters of boiling water, and then sprinkle them with tomato bushes.
Some people use laundry soap to keep moths from breeding. Soap after grinding on a grater is dissolved in hot water, at the rate of 1 part of soap per 6 parts of liquid. Then, the planted vegetables are sprayed. Yarrow infusion will help to cope with the whitefly. To do this, 10 g of dried grass is brewed in 1.5 liters of boiling water. Then the tomatoes are sprayed. It is advisable to lift the branches so that the solution falls on their underside.
You can treat tomatoes with a pharmaceutical remedy for scabies. It is diluted in water and sprayed on plants.
Preventive actions
If measures are taken to prevent the appearance of whiteflies on tomatoes, then other methods may not be required to cope with the invasion of insects. Metal structures should be painted in advance. The land must be carefully cleaned and freed from last year's vegetation.
Purchased seedlings of tomatoes are carefully checked for the possibility of infection by insects. After disembarkation, a mandatory procedure for ventilating the greenhouse should be provided, and the temperature inside the greenhouse should not exceed +15 degrees.
The whitefly is a type of insect that infects tomatoes. You can observe the vital activity of the whitefly on the bottom of the sheet. The food product of insects is the liquid contained in the leaves of tomatoes.
Colonies of whiteflies settle on the underside of a tomato leaf
Description of the life of the whitefly
The whitefly moth has a white color and lives on the leaves of tomatoes, eating the liquid from them and disrupting the metabolism in the plant. This entails damage to the crop and a reduction in the volume of tomatoes.
Other vital signs of the whitefly are:
- yellow and dried leaves;
- heterogeneous ripening of tomatoes;
- the flesh becomes white.
The active life of the whitefly is carried out on the underside of the leaf, but transparent spots form on the top. Over time, they change color to black. Such a plaque is a fungal disease that provokes the activity of insects.
Whiteflies feed on liquid from tomato leaves.
Over time, plaque passes to the crop, as a result of which it becomes unclaimed and unusable. When you inspect the planting material, you find moths, but no larvae were seen on it - this indicates that the crop can still be saved.
It is enough to treat the planting material several times with a mixture of soap and special products to eliminate the threat of infection. For effective treatment, it is necessary to use those preparations, which include:
- pyrethrum;
- pyrimiphosmethyl.
Whitefly insects carry the virus and provoke leaf and fruit diseases in the plant. Over time, her labors provoke a change in the shape and color of the leaves, and their death. As a result, the shoots stop growing.
During the treatment of the plant, pay attention to the fact that different preparations must be used to remove the whitefly, depending on the development of the insect.
The moth itself poses less danger to planting material than its larvae. It is extremely difficult to remove whitefly larvae. They have an outer layer that protects them from external influences, so many drugs are ineffective.
This does not mean that the larvae on the seedlings do not need to be removed, they must be dealt with.
Whitefly larvae are very voracious
Fighting methods
Insect control should be carried out at any stage of the development of the life of the whitefly. An effective method of controlling insects can be called:
Chemical treatment of planting material should be carried out in favorable weather. Cloudy weather is better, without rain and wind. It can be carried out in sunny calm weather and make sure that a shadow forms around the planting material. It is impossible to process planting material using a preparation with which you have already processed tomatoes. The whitefly insect has the ability to develop resistance to drugs.
Spraying of tomatoes is carried out in calm cloudy weather
To remove insects from seedlings, evil preparations are not used. If you want to speed up the treatment process, then switching to more saturated drugs is not an option. Chemical preparations accumulate in the plant and soil. After that, the preparations are difficult to remove from the plant and soil. To select the drug and the nature of the treatment, it is necessary to single out different periods of insect development and adjust the fight to fit their life cycle.
The essence of the use of different drugs:
- Systemic insecticides penetrate the interior of plants, killing sucking insects.
- Insecticides of contact action manifest themselves at the time of contact with the pest.
- Soap solutions are used to eliminate the pest in a way that is gentle on the plant.
Based on the yarrow herb, a drug is prepared that helps in the fight against the pest. With the help of a sharp temperature drop or exposing the planting material to gusts of cold air, the whitefly can be eliminated. Insect pests have a negative attitude to lower temperatures.
Adhesive tapes help in the fight against whiteflies. Or other products that lubricate with sticky preparations.
To wipe the foliage or spray special preparations on green areas, you can use yarrow or soapy water. In the fight against pests, it is important to use plain clean water, wiping the foliage with it helps in the fight against insects.
Water affects the moths and is not effective in the fight against larvae, even to no avail.
This small butterfly can cause serious damage to a tomato grown in a greenhouse.
The whitefly is a small moth that looks like a moth.
- The length reaches 3 mm.
- The wings and body are painted in a whitish hue, white pollen is “scattered” on the surface, hence the name.
- The nutrition of an adult individual and its larvae is vegetable juice, which very soon leads the plant to death.
- First, the leaves lose their color - they become white, then gradually the whole plant dries out, the bush dies.
pest invasion
Usually, the whitefly invasion can be expected in summer, when the temperature is not lower than twenty degrees, however, frequent rains are noted.
The whitefly appears when a sufficiently high temperature is combined with high humidity.
The midge feels comfortable in the so-called greenhouse state - when at a high temperature there is a fairly high level of humidity. If the temperature is below ten degrees, the adult moth dies, but the eggs remain viable, they can comfortably overwinter in the hibernation stage.
Most suitable conditions regardless of the season - greenhouses, greenhouses, greenhouses.
Provoking factors
The dense plantings impair ventilation, increase humidity and, as a result, create optimal conditions for the development of whiteflies.
The main provocateur is a gardener, that is, those conditions that, through ignorance or mistake, a person creates.
Provocative moments:
- planting density;
- lack of ventilation;
- spraying at high humidity;
- improper use of fertilizers;
- absence of biostimulants.
Many gardeners believe that the greenhouse protects the culture from all misfortunes, especially from insects, so they often plant seedlings too close to each other. However, this opinion is fundamentally wrong, since the whitefly prefers closed spaces.
How to save a greenhouse from whitefly
The greenhouse must certainly have properly equipped ventilation.
The humidity level in the greenhouse is best controlled using an automatic window opener.
Combination of two factors - the lack of ventilation and the density of plantings provoke not only the appearance of insects, but also the occurrence of other diseases, since the bushes do not receive fresh air, a greenhouse effect occurs. If it rains heavily outside, the humidity is high, it means that the humidity inside the structure also rises, so the plant receives enough moisture, and there is no need to additionally spray the bushes.
It is desirable to make the window in the greenhouse large in order to be able to fine-tune.
On one leaf, you can immediately see both butterflies and whitefly larvae.
Among other things, the symptoms of the lesion will be visible on the plant:
- yellowness on the leaves;
- drying of leaf plates;
- the presence of larvae on the lower surface;
- the presence of a sticky coating;
- spots.
Primary signs appear on the sheets
Leaf plates begin to turn yellow, gradually curl, dry out, crumble. If you lift a leaf or a thick stem, you can see many translucent larvae.
Females lay eggs, from which larvae appear after a week, and nymphs appear after another 14 days.
Fighting methods
The whitefly feeds on the sap from the plant, causing the leaves to dry out.
There are mechanical, biological, chemical methods. Often people use folk methods.
Mechanical Methods
- Take one part of soap and six parts of water, prepare a soap solution.
- In this solution, a cloth is moistened, with which all parts of the culture are washed.
A solution of ordinary soap is the most affordable means of dealing with whiteflies.
Making traps
A simple trap made of yellow paper smeared with a sticky mass.
Mechanical assistance also consists in preparing traps.
It's believed that adult butterflies flock to yellow, so many farmers use this fact to catch pests.
- To do this, plywood, cardboard or other strong material is painted in a yellow tint.
- Honey, castor oil or petroleum jelly is applied to the surface of the trap.
- Traps are attached next to the greenhouse.
In gardening stores you can buy ready-made designs.
Whitefly night trap
To make a trap you will need:
- plastic box;
- foil;
- water tray;
- cartridge;
- orange incandescent lamp;
- cord.
The night trap is made from improvised material.
The workflow is very simple and clear from the photo:
We turn on the light bulb at night, and in the morning we see the result:
Biological methods
As biological methods of dealing with whiteflies, it is meant to attract insects - enemies of moths that do not pose a danger to either tomatoes or people.
Folk ways
Experienced gardeners are sure that garlic infusion repels whiteflies.
From folk remedies use garlic.
- For one liter of water, one hundred and fifty grams of chopped garlic, insist a week.
- Garlic liquid is sprayed on the culture at intervals of four or five days, until the pest is completely destroyed.
But they also prepare infusion of yarrow . Grind the grass, measure out one hundred grams, pour boiling water (1 l), insist for a day. Tomatoes are sprayed several times.
It is allowed to apply dandelion infusion . One hundred grams of grass is steamed with one liter of boiling water, left for a day.
It is necessary to separately indicate that folk remedies are effective in the initial stage of the lesion, that is, while there is not so much pest, otherwise a dubious effect will result.
chemicals
Chemical agents are mainly used in the form of purchased ready-made complexes.
Chemical control methods are the most effective.
There is an opinion that it is possible to apply common dichlorvos , however, this remedy is too toxic primarily for fruits, hurts a person .
- use Verticillin , which is dissolved in one liter of liquid, is treated every ten days until the whitefly disappears completely.
- Recommended drug Pegasus- processed twice with an interval of twelve days.
- Applicable Confidor- a means of prolonged action, sprayed once.
- Actellik available in ampoules, which are diluted in water. The procedure is carried out twice.
- It is recommended to use tobacco dust .
Important: if the farmer uses chemicals, the dosage indicated on the packaging must be strictly observed. Among other things, it is necessary to maintain the necessary interval for neutralization after spraying.
Prevention
Preventive actions include the purchase of healthy planting material.
- Every year, the greenhouse is disinfected with a solution of copper sulfate or potassium permanganate.
- The earth is dug up, weeds, plant residues are removed.
- Mandatory measure - complete ventilation of the structure .
- If ventilation was not installed inside, after the end of the season, while the room is empty, it is imperative to provide an opportunity for ventilation.
Reading time: 5 min
In mid-latitudes, it most often affects greenhouses, greenhouses and greenhouses where tomatoes, peppers, eggplants, cucumbers and green crops are grown, flowers, and also often harms indoor plants. What is the danger of the whitefly on tomatoes, how to protect the crop when this pest appears, and what kind of prevention exists - in detail in our article.
Description of the pest
Greenhouse whitefly - a species native to the tropics, a polyphage, the optimum breeding temperature is + 20-27 degrees, it does not tolerate winter. The moth is a moth-like insect, no more than 1.5 mm long, with a pale yellow body and white translucent wings. Lifespan - up to 30 days.
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One female can lay up to 130 eggs, placing them in rings of 12-20 pieces on the underside of the leaves. The eggs are small, elongated, pale green in color, attached to the leaf with a proboscis. As it matures, the shell darkens. The larvae go through 4 stages. In the first two stages, the larvae move by sucking the juices from the leaves; in the third and fourth stages, the larvae are immobile, but very voracious. It takes 8-10 days to the imago stage.
At positive temperatures and humidity not lower than 62%, the number of whitefly regenerations is unlimited, therefore, in greenhouses, it develops on a catastrophic scale in literally two weeks, occupying plants with larvae from top to bottom.
One more point should be taken into account - it is not the moths themselves that are terrible for tomatoes, but especially their motionless larvae. They secrete a large amount of sugary secretions, on which a black soot fungus immediately develops, due to which the leaves dry out. Plants begin to lag behind in growth, the color crumbles, yield and fruit size decrease. If the pest is not removed from the greenhouse, the plants die in 1-2 weeks.
Symptoms of whitefly damage to tomatoes:
- The presence of white small moths on the leaves, if the bush is shaken, they take off.
- Bent painting and leaf curl, young shoots grow deformed.
- On the underside of the leaf plate are rings of small greenish eggs.
- Small white moving larvae with antennae, or motionless, with a proboscis.
- Shedding of flowers and ovaries.
- The appearance of a yellow mosaic on the leaves due to thinning.
- Black, less often white dot plaque, which turns into mold spots.
What should be done
If even a single whitefly is found on tomatoes, measures should be taken immediately, using all known control methods - from biological to harsh chemistry. With a massive infection of greenhouses and hotbeds, the only remedy for the whitefly is the removal and burning of all affected plants, followed by antiseptic treatment of all structures.
We will describe all the existing methods for the destruction of the whitefly in the greenhouse. The safest are mechanical and biological methods. But first, you can try just opening the greenhouse on a cool night - this may be enough for the moths to die.
The second simple way when insects appear is to pour a jet of cool water under pressure on the tomato bushes. All moths will be washed off onto the soil, which must be loosened immediately. It is important to provide good ventilation for the plants to dry quickly.
Mechanical method from the whitefly
This method is effective only against adults, as well as other insect pests, and only with a slight infestation of plants. It consists in the use of special traps lubricated with sticky substances attractive to insects. Such ready-made traps are sold in specialized stores. And you can make a trap yourself:
- take sheets of cardboard or thick paper of bright yellow or orange color;
- using an ordinary school brush, apply ordinary pharmacy petroleum jelly on one side (or maybe on two);
- fasten the sheets vertically and at an angle in the greenhouse, can be hung on strings.
After a day, the traps are covered with insects. They must be wiped off with a rag, and the sheet re-lubricated with petroleum jelly. You can also use castor or burdock oil, honey.
Traps for whiteflies in a greenhouse can also be made on the basis of a soapy solution or a pharmacy emulsion for scabies. On the same principle, one can
There is another common method of dealing with the whitefly at the first appearance of the pest. It is usually used on tomato seedlings. You need to grate laundry soap and mix with hot water in a ratio of 1:6. The emulsion should be diluted as follows: 50 ml per 1 liter of warm water. When the solution has cooled, it must be filtered and sprayed with bushes from above and below.
This composition immobilizes both moths and larvae, envelops them and makes breathing difficult. Insects and larvae die. Processing seedlings of tomatoes should be carried out several times with an interval of a week.
Biological control methods
These are wasps Erythmocerus and Enkarsia, they are released at the rate of 3 pieces per 1 sq.m. greenhouses with an interval of 10 days. You can also get rid of the whitefly in the greenhouse by releasing the predatory bug Macrofolus - 5 individuals per sq.m. 2-3 times every 2 weeks. Such insects can be bought in specialized centers and used as a preventive measure.
Of the local insects, it is worth luring ladybugs, riders and lacewings into greenhouses, the only problem is that they are difficult to find. But if you grow dill and fennel between tomatoes, they attract beneficial insects with their smell.
Folk methods
Such whitefly tomato treatment products are not very effective, but they allow you to get rid of insects in the greenhouse while there are not many of them. The most accessible:
- Yarrow decoction is prepared by steaming 100 g of plant leaves in 1 liter of boiling water. Infuse for a day in a dark place, strain and process the plants.
- Garlic infusion is a traditional folk remedy for whiteflies on tomatoes. Pour 50 g of crushed garlic cloves with two liters of warm water, carry out the processing after a day of infusion.
- An infusion of dandelion root is also an effective remedy. It is necessary to dig up 100 g of roots, chop them and pour 1 liter of water. After a day, strain and spray the bushes above and below the leaves.
