, for boiler and boiler in Minsk

Connecting the boiler (mounting-piping-installation) is NOT the next step after buying a solid fuel boiler, it is important to decide who and how will install it, determine in advance, and NOT buy a solid fuel boiler without installation, especially in Minsk. After all, having bought more, you can install it crookedly, and what then is the meaning of a solid fuel boiler, you should approach it with all seriousness and responsibility. Tying a solid fuel boiler requires specific knowledge, skills and abilities. It is unlikely that it will be possible to independently tie a solid fuel boiler. And yes, it is a dangerous undertaking. So, if you still decide to entrust the connection of a solid fuel boiler to a specialist, then our advice: try to delve into this process and at least try to understand the nuances of installing the boiler yourself(you will have to use it for many years in the future and operate the heating system, by the way, a wood-fired boiler is most often used and has more nuances in piping).

Piping - a set of works on connecting equipment to an engineering system (boiler piping). There are harnesses: safety sports and for industrial mountaineering, tying the foundation with boards.

We will try to list some of the nuances with. Installation of heating boilers begins with the preparation of the floor and the removal of smoke:

• preparing the ground for solid fuel boiler installations- it must be strictly horizontal. Because Since a solid fuel boiler is not light in weight, then the floor screed poured under it should be 7-10 cm. The dimensions of the base should correspond to the dimensions of the boiler, increased by 10%.
• also, any heating boiler (except electric) requires a chimney connection. It can be both indoors (not insulated) and exit vertically through the roof, or initially exit horizontally through the wall and rise along the wall of the house above the ridge (insulated). Any chimney must be cleaned and monitored annually.

How to properly tie a solid fuel boiler

Solid fuel boiler piping requires the provision of certain security measures for the heating system:

• installation of an emergency valve (or boiler safety group). In the event of a pressure increase in the heating system, an emergency discharge of the coolant into the sewer will occur. And this will prevent the boiler from exploding.
• installation of a cooling circuit on a solid fuel boiler will protect you from the explosion of the boiler, as well as from the need to replenish the heating system in the case described above.
• connecting a UPS uninterruptible power supply to the boiler and pumps will allow the heating system to work properly even during a power outage, which we often hear about in the news in many settlements of Belarus.
• solid fuel boiler connection according to fire regulations, it is necessary to produce only with a metal pipe (ferrous metal, galvanized, stainless or carbon steel), any option will do. As for diameters, most often we connect boilers up to 30 kW with a 1 1/4 pipe, boilers up to 50 kW - 1 1/2", and boilers up to 100 kW - 2" or 2 1/2".
• in the connection diagram of a solid fuel boiler and, accordingly, when piping of a solid fuel boiler it is necessary to provide an expansion tank of an open or closed type (depending on the heating system). The volume of the expansion tank is calculated using a simple formula:

  V tank = V system: 10

  Solid fuel boiler connection diagram requires the installation of an expansion tank on the return line. This will extend the life of the tank membrane.

• connect a solid fuel boiler(power up to 70-80 kW) preferably not with the help of welding, but on threaded connections. In the future, this will simplify the maintenance of the entire system, and will also allow you to replace any failed node without any problems.
• solid fuel boiler connection diagram implies the presence of a thermostatic mixing valve (for steel boilers it is protection against excessive condensate, and for cast iron boilers it is protection against cold return, under the influence of which the boiler section may burst).

These are just some of the nuances, the observance of which, with connecting a solid fuel boiler need to pay close attention. The safety of the heating system at home is the first thing that begins with the design of heating.

About price:

Boiler connection diagrams for a general idea

Let's take a look at the wiring diagrams. A simple boiler piping includes:

• circulation pump(1) to ensure the movement of the coolant (water) in the pipes and equipment of the heating system,
• expansion tank(2) takes excess water (coolant) from the system when it is heated and returns it to the system,
• boiler safety group(3) with a safety valve, when the boiler boils, it throws excess water into the sewer.

Next come the safety systems for people and the boiler itself. We protect the boiler heat exchanger from getting too cold water on it, which disables it ahead of time. We put 3-way thermostatic mixing valve(8) - if cold water comes out of the return from the heating radiators, it is more than useful for the boiler heat exchanger, the valve will turn on the addition of hot water.

Now we protect people from explosion and burns. A feature of the piping of a solid fuel boiler is: the combustion of solid fuel in the boiler is completely uncontrollable, like in gas and electric boilers. That's why necessarily for piping a heating system with a solid fuel boiler, prevent excessive overheating of water up to 95 degrees. in pipes and heating radiators to a temperature dangerous for human touch. And for this, there are 3 separate ways of cooling water to heating radiators, which can be used at the same time.

Option 1: mixing valve(7) Add cooler water from the return water from the radiators to the pipe to the radiators as needed. Looks simple enough.

Option 2: 4-way valve for emergency cooling of the heat exchanger(4) with a remote sensor for overheating up to 95 degrees. through the return pipe, cold water from the water supply will enter the boiler, and superheated water will be thrown out of the boiler into the sewer. Since this is possible when there is a power outage in the house. The boiler pump stops, but also the pump in the well. Therefore, cold water for cooling the boiler is taken from the water supply accumulator and it may not be enough: we install additional hydraulic accumulator(5) with check valve (6) to disconnect it from the water supply.

Option 3: Emergency gravity circuit with a check valve (9) - the diagram shows it as an option, however, the circuit requires specifics, a certain low pressure and temperature, and may contain a heating radiator for these purposes.

Option 4: Use multiple methods at the same time.

Boiler connection in the photo

Solid fuel boiler piping

Solid fuel boiler connection diagram

The piping of a solid fuel boiler with connection to a closed circuit of the heating system necessarily contains a boiler safety group, an expansion tank and a circulation pump. Solid fuel boilers do not have a number of safety features, so the piping of a solid fuel boiler must additionally include these safety systems. Safe connection of the boiler is the safety of life and health of households and must ensure the minimum operating temperature of the coolant at the inlet to the boiler at a level of at least 60 ° C. The heat exchanger should not be subject to large thermal fluctuations - this will prevent unwanted deformation of the metal and the formation of tar and soot in your boiler. This condition is ensured by the installation of the mixing unit. It will maintain the required temperature of the coolant at the inlet to the solid fuel boiler.

Installation of solid fuel boilers and piping of a solid fuel boiler - should be carried out exclusively by specialists. Do-it-yourself installation of a solid fuel boiler is extremely dangerous, especially since such a boiler installation will most likely not be accepted by firefighters. This material on how to connect a solid fuel boiler is intended to acquaint you with the topic so that your choice and control of installation specialists is more competent.

Photo installation of heating - Minsk region, Dzerzhinsk

Heating installation: Minsk - drawing a diagram, Dzerzhinsk - piping the boiler on site, installing a chimney. Yes, we start by drawing with a pencil a diagram of the future home heating system with real heating equipment: solid fuel boiler SAS 58 kW,

The installation of a solid fuel heating boiler in the photo was carried out by the Buy House of Boilers, Minsk.

Also photo:

Tying a solid fuel boiler with a heat accumulator (buffer tank) on video

In the video, Sergey Nikolayevich, chief engineer of the House of Boilers, Minsk, begins connecting a solid fuel pellet boiler with a heat accumulator from simple truths.

Installation of a solid fuel boiler, installation of a solid fuel boiler, piping of a solid fuel pellet boiler with a heat accumulator, answers to the question of which boiler is better and which heating equipment to buy- all these topics are devoted to our entire website of the online store Dom Kotlov buy, Minsk.

Here on the website of our online store Dom Kotlov Minsk you can choose and buy gas, solid fuel or electric heating boilers, as well as various heating equipment - a boiler, a water heater, a heat accumulator, a buffer tank, heating radiators, chimneys, pipes, a comb and a warm floor - see Our online store in Belarus "Boilers and home heating" price and availability. We will perform the necessary work according to your order - see Installation of heating, boiler piping, installation of heating equipment in Minsk and Belarus, including "turnkey".

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You can entrust home heating to us - we have the experience and recommendations of our customers. And we are already with you - now - at the time of the search for information. After all, for this step of yours, we created this site, wrote these articles for you from our experience.

Take the next step in heating installation with us - call or write to us.

Despite the variety of heating equipment, a solid fuel boiler is still in great demand, especially where it is difficult to supply gas, there are difficulties in organizing the storage of liquid fuel, and power outages often occur. Consider the principle of operation and piping schemes for solid fuel boilers.

Features of the solid fuel boiler

This heating system generates heat by burning solid fuels (wood, coal, peat, pellets). It differs in its features that directly affect its effectiveness and safety:

• Inertia. The solid fuel boiler cannot be stopped immediately. After the oxygen supply is cut off, the system continues to work until the oxygen inside the furnace runs out, or until the fuel burns out. This can lead to overheating of the coolant, the formation of a large amount of steam. As a result - the destruction of the boiler body or parts of the heating system.
• Condensate. Appears when the boiler is connected directly, a coolant of low temperature passes through the boiler tank. Leads to corrosion of the steel walls of the firebox. At the same time, mixing with the ashes, it turns into a sticky mass, which is difficult to clean off.

To eliminate the listed problems, it is necessary to properly organize the boiler piping with the mandatory inclusion of a safety group in it. Let us consider in more detail why we need a piping of a solid fuel heating boiler, the main installation schemes.

Tying a solid fuel heating boiler. Appointment. Elements

The most important purpose of the piping is to ensure efficient, safe, economical operation of the boiler. This means:

• protect equipment from overheating, sudden pressure drops, maintain the most acceptable temperature;
• control the amount of coolant in the system, remove excess liquid, excess steam;
• remove air from the system;
• distribution function - to share the coolant between all heat consumers in the system.

The piping elements of a solid fuel boiler and their correct installation in one way or another work for the safety of heating equipment. The main ones include:

1. safety group (pressure gauge, air vent, safety valve);
2. expansion tank;
3. heat accumulator;
4. three-way mixing valve.

Tying rules that must be observed when independently connecting a solid fuel heating system:

• to avoid the appearance of condensate, the temperature difference between the supply and return should not exceed 20 ⁰С;
• protective devices should be installed that will regulate the pressure of the coolant throughout the circuit;
• it is also recommended to include in the piping automatic devices responsible for adjusting the power and temperature of the liquid in the system.

These rules work best in systems with forced coolant movement. Let's take a brief look at the piping schemes for solid fuel boilers. But before that, a few words about the safety group in the heating system.

Security group

Includes items:

- pressure gauge (shows the level of pressure in the system)
- safety valve (automatically relieves pressure if it exceeds the allowable value of 2 bar, it usually works at an indicator of 3 bar),
- automatic air vent (takes air out of the coolant).

It is installed on the supply pipe of the boiler itself, immediately at the outlet. It is important to remember that no locking mechanisms can be placed between the safety group and the boiler. These devices must be installed in any heating system piping scheme.

Open type with natural circulation

The simplest binding with a minimum number of devices, complete independence from electricity. The movement of fluid through the system occurs naturally due to the general arrangement of pipes at a slight slope. The boiler is installed half a meter below the level of the radiators. The minimum number of locking mechanisms, regulating devices, etc.

Such a piping is effective for a small house with a small number of heat consumers. An open-type expansion tank is installed as high as possible, in the attic, for example.

In this case, the temperature of the coolant cannot be corrected. And through an open expansion tank, air often enters, which adversely affects the inner surface of the nozzles.

Closed type with natural circulation

Also a fairly simple strapping scheme with a small number heat consumers. The scheme is very similar to the open type. It differs by the inclusion of a closed expansion tank with a membrane, which is installed on the return pipe. In addition, do not forget about the security group. Some models are already equipped with it in production.

The expansion tank is designed for a volume of more than 10% of the total volume of the coolant.

There are several important points when tying a heating boiler with polypropylene. Branch pipe from heat generator up to the safety group is made of metal, then it is laid from polypropylene. Also, the section of the return pipe with an installed three-way valve and a sensor is made of metal. Polypropylene has low thermal conductivity. If a three-way valve is installed on it, it will react with a delay to an increase in temperature, and the sensor will provide incorrect information.

In general, the polypropylene heating boiler piping system is beneficial, quite practical.

Closed type with forced circulation

A simple circuit with a circulation pump that moves the coolant through the system. The slope as such is no longer required. The pump, as well as the temperature sensor (controls the operation of the pump) are installed on the return line (between the expansion tank and the boiler), connected to the mains.

This strapping is more productive due to the use of the device thermoregulatory. Can be used where the power supply is stable. Otherwise, when the electricity is turned off, the heating system will stop.

Collector piping with forced circulation

Circulation pump + collectors. This is a characteristic difference of the collector piping system.

The pump moves fluid through the pipes. Collectors (so-called combs) are connected to the heating system. They are pipes with a large cross section. They have one common input and several outputs for connecting the required number of heat elements (for example, radiators, a floor heating system, a heated towel rail). They are connected to the supply and return pipes of the system.

The specificity of such a connection is characterized by a separate supply of coolant to each element of the system with the same temperature and pressure. Differs in more effective regulation of work of system of heating.

At the same time, it should be borne in mind that such a strapping will take a lot of time, effort, material costs (high pipe consumption, financial expenses).

Harness with hydraulic gun

The strapping system uses a large vertical branch pipe - hydraulic arrow. This element is connected to the boiler by supply and return pipes. It is installed in the same place as the collectors: after the expansion tank, before the heating elements (radiators, heated towel rail, etc.).

It differs from collectors in that it can be connected to a hydraulic arrow at different heights. This directly affects the temperature of the coolant, and with it, the temperature of each heating element in the house. So, using a harness with a hydraulic arrow, you can create the optimal thermal regime for each device individually.

Piping of a solid fuel boiler with heat accumulator

For equipment operating on solid fuels, it is recommended to install heat accumulator. It is a buffer tank for accumulating and then storing the heat generated by the boiler.

A very profitable device, because it allows you to increase the efficiency of solid fuel equipment, and at the same time save heating material.

The piping scheme for a solid fuel boiler with a buffer tank is as follows. Inlet and outlet pipes heat generator are connected to the heat accumulator, and from it - to the heating elements. Now two contours are formed at once:

1. between heat buffer and boiler;
2. between the buffer and the heaters at home.

Passing through the heating system, the coolant fills the buffer tank. At what the liquid cooled down from the heating elements passes below, at the top - hot from the boiler. The buffer accumulates heat when the furnace is operating at full capacity. After the fuel burns out, the accumulated heat from the tank is given off through the heating system for a certain time. After the storage buffer, a pump is installed, a three-way valve for adjusting the temperature of the heating fluid.

The piping scheme for a solid fuel boiler with a battery tank saves fuel, allowing you to lay coal and firewood much less often. It must be taken into account that with such a piping, the boiler power should be enough for heating and for heating the buffer tank.

Piping of a solid fuel and gas boiler (electric boiler)

This harness is relevant and in demand among residents of country houses. It allows you to organize year-round comfort in the house, including several sources of heating in the overall piping. As a rule, steam is installed from a gas heating boiler with a solid fuel device, as well as solid fuel equipment with an electric boiler.

The piping scheme for gas and electric devices with wood burning is the same, is quite simple, because it uses heat accumulator at the same time as a water gun. This allows you to efficiently supply heat to a large number of heating points at once (radiators, underfloor heating, boiler, heated towel rail, etc.). At the same time, the heat of a gas heating boiler (electric) and a wood-burning boiler charges the buffer tank, and then it supplies energy to the thermal endpoints of the heating.

There is also another option for jointly connecting a gas heating boiler (electric boiler) and solid fuel, without using a buffer tank, because it is quite expensive. Here, the main source of heating is a wood-burning boiler, gas - auxiliary.

Operating principle. After burning solid fuel, the air temperature decreases. This fixes the sensor installed in the room and immediately starts the gas boiler. The cooling main boiler switches off automatically. The gas one works until the wood-burning unit starts to work out the next portion of fuel. Now, in reverse order, the room temperature sensor switches off the gas heater.

The scheme with such a strapping is simple, you can install it yourself.

Piping with connection of an indirect water heater

The piping scheme for a solid fuel boiler with a boiler is quite common due to its cost-effectiveness and efficient operation. It is especially relevant during the heating season, when it is possible to save a significant amount on electricity.

This piping is designed in such a way that the heated liquid is supplied simultaneously to the boiler and radiators. In this case, the boiler circuit is connected to the water heater heat exchanger, which heats the water indirectly.

Heating of a country house with a diesel boiler. Briefly about the important How to make a solar water heater for your home with your own hands? We choose wood stoves for baths and saunas: firebox, power, heater Wood-burning stove for a country house: choosing heating options

The main principles for choosing a heating system for a home are economy, efficiency, and ease of use. Consider how it will look with solid fuel boilers and what rules must be observed during installation.

Features of solid fuel boilers

Gas supply and centralized power supply in Russia are still not everywhere. Gas is cheap only in capital cities, and even there it is getting more expensive. Electricity is expensive everywhere.

Communication networks leave much to be desired: power outages, sudden voltage drops are common outside the city. It is not always possible to connect to the main gas, and the purchase of liquefied gas in cylinders is an energy-intensive business.

Heating with a solid fuel boiler has several advantages:

• you can choose the type of fuel that is the cheapest in your area - firewood, peat, coal, wood waste, etc.;
• solid fuel boilers are the cheapest in the category. Long-burning models are more expensive, but their thermal efficiency is higher;
• a large assortment. Automation and auxiliary strapping elements can be purchased separately if necessary;
• unlike gas units, the installation of a solid fuel boiler does not require permission from the local administration.

Now for the cons:

• fire hazard. But this drawback is present in both gas and diesel models. And in case of problems with wiring - even with electric ones;
• the need to monitor the amount of firewood / coal in the firebox. A solid fuel boiler will not work just “turn it on and forget it”. Less often, it is required to put fuel in pellet and long-burning boilers, but they are not too autonomous in this regard;
• it is difficult to control the combustion process of solid fuel (for other units, it is enough to turn off the gas valve or turn off the electricity). The inertia of solid fuel boilers is high, and the whole system, respectively, too.

Types of solid fuel boilers

Varieties of solid fuel heating boilers differ in the type of fuel:

• firewood;
• coal;
• pellets and briquettes;
• peat;
• woodworking waste;
• universal boilers for two or more fireboxes.

In addition, there are combined models for two or more energy sources: wood + electricity, wood / diesel / gas, etc. Their acquisition is justified if:

• in your area, the two energy carriers are equally available and inexpensive. Firewood has run out - switch to gas, power outages - to firewood, and so on;
• in order to save money. For example, if you have a two-tariff payment for electricity, heat with wood during the day, and at night (when electricity is cheap) switch to fully automated electric heating.

There are t / t boilers classic and long burning. Types of the latter:

• with top ignition. When the flame spreads from top to bottom, the bookmark burns out more slowly;
• with an extended firebox and limited air supply. The horizontal spread of the flame is also slower. By reducing the oxygen needed for combustion, you reduce the intensity of the flame;
• pyrolysis are equipped with two chambers: fuel burns in one, gases released during combustion are burned in the second. The thermal efficiency of these units is the highest, but they are more expensive than the others.

Solid fuel boiler piping

The package of a solid fuel boiler rarely includes a circulation pump, automation, and a security group. The owner buys all this himself, guided by the peculiarities of his heating system.

Regardless of the type of wiring, the pipeline should be equipped with safety devices (see below). The second stage is to ensure the functionality of the system and comfort when using it. A couple of devices should be mentioned here:

• heat accumulator. Thanks to his work, in the process of rebooting the boiler, there will be no sudden temperature changes in the house. This is a large volume tank that is installed between the boiler and the system on the supply pipe. To adjust the temperature at the outlet of the tank, a mixer with a three-way valve is installed;
• an indirect heating boiler for hot water is connected in parallel to the heating system. They are equipped with a mixer and their own pump, so that when moving from the boiler to consumers, the water does not have time to cool.

Whether or not to purchase a pump if hot water is not provided depends on the wiring. Consider its main types.

Open system with natural circulation

This installation scheme is considered the safest for a solid fuel boiler: even with a sharp increase in pressure and temperature, an accident is unlikely. Differences of an open system from others:

• an open expansion tank is used in the circuit (it is installed at the highest point of the pipeline);
• there is no circulation pump. Water moves through pipes due to natural gravity. For this design, pipes of a larger cross section are selected and installed at a slight angle so that the water moves by gravity.

Advantages of open systems:

• since there is no pump, the heating is not dependent on the mains. In suburban conditions, problems with power grids are common: interruptions due to wire breaks, power surges;
• strapping equipment will cost less (there is no pump, an open tank is cheaper than a membrane tank).

• installation is technically more difficult - it is necessary to observe the necessary slope of the pipes, install the piping elements at a certain height;
• inevitable entry into the system of oxygen, which leads to corrosion of pipes and metal fittings;
• for the same reason, airing of the circuit is inevitable;
• the coolant partially evaporates, it has to be replenished;
• even with large pipe diameters, natural circulation is slower than forced circulation. It is necessary to equip all heating appliances with control valves, to minimize the number of shut-off valves, but even in this case, the heating of the circuit will be uneven.

Closed circuit with natural circulation

There is no pump, but the expansion tank is different - a closed (membrane) type. The system configuration will be the same as in the previous case (large-section pipes installed at a slope), but some of the disadvantages of an open circuit can be avoided:

• Oxygen does not enter the pipeline through the tank, i.e. slower airing and development of corrosion of the inner walls;
• you do not have to regularly restore the amount of coolant in the circuit.

When choosing this type of wiring, consider:

• the capacity of the tank must contain at least 10% of the volume of the coolant;
• a safety valve is required on the supply pipe. When the pressure in the system exceeds the critical one (i.e. more than three atmospheres), the valve releases excess coolant;
• an air vent is installed at the top of the circuit.

Scheme of installation of a solid fuel boiler with a circulation pump

A system with a pump can only be closed. The advantages of forced circulation are obvious:

• high speed of movement of the coolant, uniform heating of all rooms;
• large diameter pipes are not required;
• there are no difficulties in the installation of the pipeline: it is not necessary to observe the slope, the height of the membrane tank is unprincipled.

Since the pressure is higher in a system with forced circulation, the requirements for the safety group are also increased.

The installation of such a circuit provides for the possibility of switching to natural circulation in the event of a pump breakdown or power outages: the pump is connected in parallel, on a bypass with shut-off valves.

Most often, the pump is inserted into the pipeline in the section of the return pipe near the boiler, where the lowest temperature is. This allows you to save the resource of the device and is therefore safer for the entire system: when installed on the supply pipe, if the water in the boiler boils, the vapors will block the circulation, which is fraught with an accident.

On the return side, a filter is installed in front of the pump.

Collector wiring

In a long, highly branched pipeline of a large cottage, one pump may not be enough. In this case, they are installed two or even more, for each circuit its own. Separate underfloor heating, radiators, hot water. Since the temperature of underfloor heating is initially low (within 50 degrees), you can install the pump at the inlet to the circuit.

The best wiring option for a large house with several circuits is collector (beam). The coolant enters each circuit from the boiler through its own pipe. Heat is distributed evenly, the liquid does not cool down, sequentially passing through the entire system.

The collector includes at least two combs, direct and reverse. The corresponding lines from the boiler are suitable for the ends of the combs, and direct / return pipes of the circuits are connected in parallel to the fittings on their bodies - radiators and underfloor heating, different floors, utility rooms, hot water supply - each with its own temperature regime.

At the inlet to the collector, a pressure gauge and a safety valve are installed, on the opposite side on the “hot” comb - an air vent, on the “cold” - a tap for draining the coolant from the system. Pipes are equipped with control valves - this is one way to set different temperatures in the circuits. A large house may have several pairs of combs.

Another way to set different modes is the hydraulic gun. A vertical section of a large-section pipe is connected to a straight pipe and a boiler return, and circuits are connected to the body at different heights. The higher the connection, the hotter the coolant.

In small circuits, the temperature can be controlled as follows: the free ends of the combs are connected by a bypass to a shut-off valve. When the valve is opened, cool water from the return is mixed into hot water from the supply pipe.

Functions of control and safety devices:

• protection of the pipeline from depressurization due to a sharp increase in pressure;
• protection against overheating of the boiler itself;
• temperature control;
• prevention of condensation. This usually happens due to too large a temperature fork between the supply and return. The optimum temperature delta is 20 degrees.

This group of devices includes:

• safety valve to relieve excess pressure / excess coolant;
• control pressure gauge;
• air vent;
• emergency heat exchanger;
• control fittings, incl. thermostatic valves.

Mounting Features

Solid fuel boilers are not among the environmentally friendly equipment; a boiler room is needed to install them. During installation, a number of rules are observed:

• from the firebox to the wall, at least 1 meter of free space should be left;
• ventilation ducts must be equipped half a meter from the floor and a maximum of 40 centimeters from the ceiling;
• there should be no combustible substances in the boiler room;
• in front of the firebox, a metal or asbestos sheet should be laid at least 50 by 70 cm in size;
• a chimney is installed above the boiler. Recommended chimney parameters are in the boiler manual.

In the chimney pipe, inspection hatches should be provided for cleaning soot. At the junction with the boiler, a condensate collector is arranged. Parts of the metal pipe located in cold rooms (unheated attic, etc.) must be wrapped with heat-insulating material to protect against condensation and icing.

Heat-insulating material for chimneys - basalt wool. All other heaters are flammable to one degree or another.

In the cold season, you can not do without heating. In houses where there is no centralized heating supply, various boilers are used. Heating appliances can run on gas, solid fuel and electricity.

Solid fuel-fired equipment has a number of advantages over other types, such as electrical appliances. When piping a solid fuel heating boiler (TTKO), it is not necessary to equip with safety fittings and circulation pumps.

Features of the solid fuel boiler

Positive sides:

1. They do not require connection to the power supply network, that is, they are considered autonomous systems.
2. Affordable equipment price.

Taking into account the low cost of fuel, the use of this type of boiler is considered economically justified.

The disadvantages include the following:

1. Fire protection of surfaces adjacent to the unit is required.
2. Controlling the combustion process is quite complex.
3. Lack of automatic fuel supply, although this issue can be resolved if desired.
4. It is desirable to provide low humidity in the room where solid fuel is stored.

The principle of operation of TTKO is simple: when burned in a firebox, firewood or other raw materials emit a certain amount of heat, which, in turn, heats the water circulating in pipelines. The resulting combustion products are removed from the equipment through special devices: gases - through the chimney, the mineral part (ash and soot) - through the ash pan and soot collector.

Purpose of strapping

For TTK, as well as for other types of equipment, it is important to correctly combine all components into a single system and connect peripherals.

The TTKO strapping performs the following functions:

1. Reducing the negative impact on others in the event of any emergency.
2. Uniform distribution of the generated heat throughout the entire circuit of the heating system.
3. Reduction of the periodicity factor in the operation of TTKO, associated with the uneven combustion of fuel.

All of these points lead to an increase in the safety and efficiency of the boiler.

What elements does the harness consist of?

For all heated buildings, there is simply no single connection scheme and equipment configuration. Therefore, before starting the installation of heating in the house, an individual project is carried out.

The list of mandatory elements that must be present in the harness:

1. Boiler.
2. Radiators or batteries.
3. Expansion tank.
4. Pipes (cast iron, copper, steel, polypropylene).
5. Fittings and fittings (including Mayevsky taps and pressure gauges).
6. Circulation pump (if forced movement of the coolant).
7. Bypass lines.
8. Thermostat.

Boiler piping rules

For efficient and reliable operation of the heating system as a whole, it is necessary to properly tie the TTKO.

There are several important points to consider:

1. To avoid the formation of condensate, it is necessary to ensure that the temperature difference between the supply and return does not exceed 20 °C.
2. The installation of pressure gauges will allow you to control the pressure within the limits specified in the instructions for the equipment and regulatory documents.
3. For maximum efficiency, connections must be sealed.
4. Flammable materials are not allowed in the piping elements.
5. In order to avoid the formation of scale and clogging of pipelines, leading to equipment failure, it is necessary to monitor the cleanliness of the coolant.
6. If the building is higher than one floor, forced circulation of the coolant should be used.

Typical strapping schemes

For proper heating piping, it is necessary to develop an individual project, since each dwelling and boiler room is individual, although they have a number of similar features. Such projects are based on standard schemes that reflect the fundamental positions of installation of systems in various conditions that are common to all.

Open system with natural circulation

Such a scheme, otherwise gravitational, is the most common. Has its advantages and disadvantages.

Positive sides:

1. Effective work.
2. Ease of installation.
3. Relatively low cost.
4. High security.
5. Autonomy.

Since water tends to expand when heated, with a gravitational scheme, it is necessary to install an expansion tank that collects excess coolant.

Negative sides:

1. Difficulty in management.
2. The need for constant monitoring of the system.
3. Increased fuel consumption.

In an open system, the return to the boiler must be at least 0.5 meters below the radiators.

Closed system with natural movement of the coolant

Unlike open, here it is necessary to install a membrane tank on the return pipeline. For effective functioning, its size must exceed by 10% the volume of the coolant in the whole system.

To be able to relieve excess pressure from pipelines (more than 2 atm.), Install a safety valve by connecting it to the sewer.

Forced circulation system

The forced circulation system is distinguished by the fact that it incorporates a pump. This ensures temperature uniformity in all areas. In addition, the use of circulation equipment allows minimizing pipeline slopes.

To maintain the efficiency of heating in cases of power failure or breakdown of pumps, it is necessary to provide bypass lines bypassing the equipment. The circulation pump is installed on the return line for safety reasons, as well as increasing the degree of reliability and durability of work.

Scheme with buffer capacity

The piping scheme of a solid fuel heating boiler with a heat accumulator is used to maintain a constant temperature in the system (TTKs are poorly controlled, requiring relentless control over the amount of fuel and traction) and to avoid boiling of the working fluid.

The heat accumulator is a hermetically sealed tank installed between the boiler and the consumer. The principle of operation of the device is to accumulate excess heat in its own volume, giving it to the system if necessary.

The temperature of the heat carrier is controlled by means of a mixing unit, which is a three-way valve with a temperature sensor.

Trim with three-way valve

For additional protection of the heating boiler against overheating, a circuit is provided for emergency supply of cold water to the heat exchanger or to a special coil installed inside the equipment.

The operation of this unit is carried out thanks to the equipment with a three-way valve and a temperature sensor inside the heat exchanger. The heated water is discharged into the sewer.

With installation of an indirect heating boiler

Tying a solid fuel boiler with an indirect heating boiler is suitable for any connection scheme. The boiler is used to heat cold water for hot water supply.

The water heater is connected to the system in parallel with all appliances using hot water. It is important to remember here that in order to increase the efficiency of its work, a three-way valve should be provided that shuts off the water from the unit if it has not yet warmed up.

Collector scheme

Collectors serve for simultaneous parallel connection of several branches of heating. For example, when connecting to one unit of underfloor heating, heating radiators on several floors (for each separate branch), etc.

Despite the obvious complication, the use of collectors (combs) opens up great opportunities for adjusting the system, increasing efficiency and reliability.

Why do we need emergency and control systems

To secure the heating system allows the inclusion of emergency and control units in the circuit.

Their purpose:

1. High pressure protection.
2. Thermoregulation.
3. Protect equipment from excess heat.
4. Prevention of condensation.

How to connect

In order for the nodes to perform their purpose qualitatively, they must be installed correctly.

The emergency unit includes:

1. Safety valve. Used to relieve excess pressure. Installed at the outlet of the feed from the boiler.
2. Heat exchanger. Used to prevent overheating of the boiler. It is installed either in the boiler structure by the manufacturer, or on the hot water supply pipe.
3. Bypass. Serves to prevent overheating and boiling of the coolant. Must be installed in units with pumps and auxiliary equipment.

The system is controlled by a thermostat (installed on the return line) and a pressure regulator. They serve to maintain a constant temperature in the system and protect against pressure build-up.

The nuances of mounting the strapping

Any heating scheme, with the exception of an open one, is equipped with Mayevsky taps, which are installed at the highest points to remove air.

To ensure the system's performance, some nuances should be taken into account:

1. The surface for the installation of the boiler must be strictly horizontal.
2. Base dimensions - unit size + 10%.
3. An expansion tank must be used in any heating system with a boiler.
4. The preferred connection of devices is a threaded connection.
5. The heating unit must be connected only with steel or copper pipes.

Safe piping of a solid fuel boiler. you can find out from the link.

Video

This video discusses the possible causes of the poor performance of a solid fuel heater.

Evgeny AfanasievChief Editor

Under the piping of a solid fuel boiler is meant the totality of all the necessary equipment, which forms the heating system. It consists of such important components as:

Selecting the right circuit, combined with important installation requirements, is a guarantee that the system will operate efficiently and safely throughout its operating life.

1. the heating device itself;
2. heated towel rails, batteries, "warm floor";
3. pipeline;
4. adjusting and control equipment;
5. fittings.

It is also worth noting that self-piping of a solid fuel heating boiler must necessarily be accompanied by compliance with a number of rules. Here are the main ones.

1. The difference in the temperature of the working fluid in the supply and "return" should be no more than 20 ° C. Otherwise, condensate may form inside the body, which will have a particularly negative effect on boilers made of steel.
2. The pressure of the heat carrier at the outlet, as well as its temperature, must be within certain values. To do this, it is recommended to use appropriate protective devices, as well as emergency connection options.
3. It is desirable that the system piping also consists of automatic devices that make it possible to adjust the power and maintain the required temperature of the working fluid.

How to make a solid fuel boiler with your own hands,

Note! All the described rules are much more convenient to follow in those heating systems in which the liquid moves forcibly, therefore, they are most popular among those who have a home boiler room.

Additional information on boiler piping,

Possible strapping schemes

There are several piping options, and the choice of one or another of them depends on factors such as the type of heating system, the number of circuits and the need for additional equipment. Let's briefly consider each of the options.

No. 1. Open type system, natural circulation

This strapping scheme is the easiest to perform, since the number of devices that need to be connected is minimal. And its main advantage is considered to be complete autonomy from electricity in the house.

But there are also disadvantages: in this case, it is impossible to regulate the temperature of the working fluid at the outlet, and air often enters the system from an open expansion tank. This can lead to the formation of rust on the internal surfaces of the piping and the boiler.

Also, such a scheme provides for special installation rules:

1. the boiler should be installed at least 0.5 mm below the installation level of the batteries, so that the natural circulation of the liquid is sufficiently stable;
2. the number of valves used in the system should be minimal - the same applies to various kinds of control devices, which, as you know, reduce the cross section of the line;
3. pipes should be installed at a slope in accordance with the movement of the liquid; they must also have a large diameter so that the hydraulic resistance is the smallest;
4. The open expansion tank must be fixed at the highest point of the entire heating system.

No. 2. Closed system, circulation is the same

Here the tank is closed and mounted, respectively, on the "return" line. It is characteristic that its minimum volume is 10 percent of the capacity of the system as a whole. In addition, in this scheme, a safety valve should be installed at the outlet to reduce pressure (it must be connected with a hose to the sewer system) and an air vent.

Note! These devices can be installed individually or included in a “security group”, which is a separate device.

This device will consist of:

1. pressure gauge (it is necessary for monitoring "by eye");
2. a valve designed to release air from the pipeline;
3. pressure relief valve.

It is worth noting that in some models of solid fuel generators, these parts are already in the case.

Number 3. forced circulation

Such a scheme is distinguished by the presence of a circulation pump, which “drives” the coolant through the main. Often the pump is mounted on the "return", between the expansion tank and the heat generator inlet pipe.

The operation of the pump is controlled by a special temperature sensor installed on the same "return".

Note! The use of circulation pumps in heating significantly increases productivity through the use of temperature control equipment. But its operation requires electricity, which not only increases the cost of heating the room, but also makes the entire piping dependent on the supply of electricity.

No. 4. Collector connection

Another diagram of how a solid fuel heating boiler can be tied. A collector-type connection is used in combination with forced circulation and implies the presence of additional devices in the system - collectors (they are also called combs).

In fact, these are short tubes of considerable diameter with several outlets and only one inlet. They are connected to the input / output of the heat generator.

The main advantage of this scheme is that each radiator can be connected separately. Due to this, the coolant enters each of them with the same pressure and temperature. Moreover, the management of the functioning of the system will be much more efficient.

But there are, of course, disadvantages as well. First of all, this is a significant consumption of pipes, as well as the fact that laying requires significant labor and financial costs.

No. 5. Variant with hydraulic gun

In this case, the so-called hydraulic arrow is used in the piping - a tube of considerable diameter, fixed in a vertical position and connected to the outlet / inlet of the heat generator. It is characteristic that heating equipment can be connected to the output and input of this arrow at any height.

This piping scheme makes it possible to provide each of the devices with the optimum temperature of the working fluid.

No. 6. Scheme with indirect water heater

Let us make a reservation right away that this scheme is applicable to all systems with any type of fluid circulation.

The supply from the heat generator is connected simultaneously to the radiators and to the heat exchanger, which is built into the water heater and heats the water for the hot water supply system. At the same time, the capabilities of the boiler itself increase significantly, since it can provide the house not only with heat, but also with hot water.

Note! An automatic valve can be installed at the outlet, which will shut off the water supply if it is necessary to heat it in the boiler.

No. 7. Option with heat accumulator

Like the previous version, this scheme can be used in systems with any type of water circulation. After strapping, a pair of contours immediately appears:

1. between the heat accumulator and the system itself;
2. between it and the boiler.

During operation, hot liquid is supplied to this heat accumulator - a storage tank with an insulated housing. At the same time, the battery itself accumulates thermal energy and, as necessary, gives it to heating devices.

As soon as the fuel stops burning, the heated liquid flows from the battery to the devices for some time.

Note! Thanks to this scheme, it is possible not only to significantly reduce fuel consumption, but also to significantly increase efficiency. Moreover, this is a very effective protection of the heat generator, and the system as a whole, from possible overheating.

How the emergency system is connected - basic diagrams

We have already mentioned the emergency system, we will only talk about its main functions:

1. high pressure protection;
2. prevention of moisture condensation;
3. overheat protection.

No. 1. safety valve

This valve provides protection against increased pressure of the coolant and is installed at the outlet of the heat generator. As already noted, it can be installed separately or as part of an emergency group.

A drain hose is connected to a special pipe. When the valve is activated, excess water from the system is drained through this hose into the sewer system.

No. 2. emergency heat exchanger

This device protects the heating boiler and the entire system from possible overheating. The latter can happen if:

1. the boiler power has exceeded the demand of the system;
2. the pump stopped working due to a power outage or breakdown.

The device includes a special valve with a temperature sensor and a cooling module. Both elements can be installed both in the boiler itself and cut into the supply of the working fluid. If the temperature exceeds a certain value, the temperature sensor will work and the valve will open.

Further, water from the pipeline is supplied to the cooling module, where it “takes” excess heat from the working fluid. After that, the water goes into the sewer system. As you can see, this is a fairly effective piping of a solid fuel heating boiler.

Number 3. Auxiliary circuit

Another natural type liquid circulating circuit may be required to protect against overheating. It is characteristic that a storage tank for hot water supply must be connected to this building.

If the system is working correctly, then the pressure generated by the pump will close the auxiliary circuit through the valve, as a result, water will not circulate through it. But as soon as the pump stops working for one reason or another, the coolant begins to circulate in the auxiliary circuit. As a result, it cools down to the required value.

No. 4. thermostatic mixer

This device is necessary in order to maintain a minimum temperature at the inlet to the heater and thereby prevent moisture condensation. It is installed on the "return" and connected by means of a plumbing element - a bypass.

If the temperature of the working fluid in the "return" is low, then the thermal mixer will open and "add" hot water. When the temperature reaches the desired value, the appliance will close and the hot water supply will therefore stop.

Note! This scheme can be used in any type of heating system.

Video - Strapping schemes

What to pay attention to when installing?

1. Each connection must be of high quality.
2. The piping of a solid fuel heating boiler should take into account the off-season - this will avoid overheating in the house.
3. In most cases, schemes with 2 circuits are used.
4. The higher the quality of all the elements and parts used, the better the strapping itself will be. Cheap low quality parts are a sure way to waste.
5. Pipes made of combustible materials must not be used! Polypropylene is possible only if it is certified.
6. Pay attention to the dimensions of the expansion tank - the larger the piping, the larger they should be.
7. Thanks to regular maintenance, the system will always work properly.
8. Natural circulation is advisable only for small areas.
9. The working fluid must be clean, without any impurities.
10. It is recommended to use paronite in the connections in order to prevent possible leaks.
11. The use of an air vent will prevent air from entering the line.

As a conclusion

As you can see, tying a solid fuel heating boiler is an extremely time-consuming and complex process that requires not only specific skills, but also appropriate education. And only in the case of a professional approach, the system will be durable, efficient and, most importantly, safe! Therefore, it is better to entrust this work to a professional, because amateur performance in such cases can not only not bring results, but also be dangerous for you and those around you.