How is packet density measured? High density polyethylene film. What's wrong with trash bags

15.06.2019 Stoves and fireplaces

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Nowadays, unscrupulous manufacturers can artificially inflate the density of garbage bags, but they are quite easy to mislead clean water. For this you will need simple tools and our table for calculation correct weight bag at its density declared by the seller.

Let's figure out what micron is and why it is so important.

What is the micron size of packages?

Have you ever wondered why garbage bags from one manufacturer leak and tear, while those from another can withstand heavy loads and tension, but remain just as strong and intact? All this is due to the different density of the bag: how much material the manufacturer spends, how much polyethylene stretches - this is the strength of the bag. But how is this density measured? In millimeters? In grams per millimeter? In what degree?

So, to determine the thickness there is a parameter - micron (μm).

What is a micron?

Micron (µ, µ, µm, µm) is a unit of measurement taken as 10 −6 meters (1 µm = 0.001 mm = 0.0001 cm = 0.000001 m).

Why do you need to know the micron size of the package?

The micron index (thickness) of HDPE and LDPE packages will allow you to accurately determine what load the package can withstand and its carrying capacity.

What's wrong with trash bags

Today, garbage bags with a micron size of 4 microns and higher are produced. Some manufacturers indicate density on their product labels, but it rarely reflects the actual thickness of the bag. In order to accurately determine the thickness of the product, on our website we offer an accurate standard determination of the micron content of garbage bags made of HDPE and LDPE, which is calculated based on four parameters:

Weights.
Densities.
Areas (length, width).
Factor for the type of raw material.

The micron size indicator is important when we want to know exactly what load the packages are designed for. The lower the indicator, the less load the package can withstand, and, conversely, the higher the micron, the higher its carrying capacity.

How to independently determine the density of a bag

You will need the following things:

Rubbish bag.
Kitchen scales.
Ruler.

Measure the width and height of the bag, write it down in our formula. Check the density of the bag with the seller - density is measured in micrometers (µm). Substitute the resulting values into our calculation table and check the resulting weight.

Now fold the bag compactly and weigh it on a household scale. If the seller is respectable, then the resulting value in the formula will not differ from the value on the scales.

You can use our formula to determine weight:

HDPE bag density calculator	Calculator for calculating the density of a LDPE bag

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1 meter [m] = 1000000 microns [µm]

Initial value

Converted value

meter exameter petameter terameter gigameter megameter kilometer hectometer decameter decimeter centimeter millimeter micrometer micron nanometer picometer femtometer attometer megaparsec kiloparsec parsec light year astronomical unit league naval league (UK) maritime league (international) league (statutory) mile nautical mile (UK) nautical mile (international) mile (statutory) mile (USA, geodetic) mile (Roman) 1000 yards furlong furlong (USA, geodetic) chain chain (USA, geodetic) rope (English rope) genus genus (USA, geodetic) pepper floor (English) . pole) fathom, fathom fathom (US, geodetic) cubit yard foot foot (US, geodetic) link link (US, geodetic) cubit (UK) hand span finger nail inch inch (US, geodetic) barley grain (eng. barleycorn) thousandth of a microinch angstrom atomic unit of length x-unit Fermi arpan soldering typographical point twip cubit (Swedish) fathom (Swedish) caliber centiinch ken arshin actus (Ancient Roman) vara de tarea vara conuquera vara castellana cubit (Greek) long reed reed long elbow palm "finger" Planck length classical electron radius Bohr radius equatorial radius of the Earth polar radius of the Earth distance from the Earth to the Sun radius of the Sun light nanosecond light microsecond light millisecond light second light hour light day light week Billion light years Distance from the Earth to the Moon cables (international) cable length (British) cable length (USA) nautical mile (USA) light minute rack unit horizontal pitch cicero pixel line inch (Russian) inch span foot fathom oblique fathom verst boundary verst

Convert feet and inches to meters and vice versa

foot inch

Specific fuel consumption

More about length and distance

General information

Length is the largest measurement of the body. In three-dimensional space, length is usually measured horizontally.

Distance is a quantity that determines how far two bodies are from each other.

Measuring distance and length

Units of distance and length

In the SI system, length is measured in meters. Derived units such as kilometer (1000 meters) and centimeter (1/100 meter) are also commonly used in the metric system. Countries that do not use the metric system, such as the US and UK, use units such as inches, feet and miles.

Distance in physics and biology

In biology and physics, lengths are often measured at much less than one millimeter. For this purpose, a special value has been adopted, the micrometer. One micrometer is equal to 1×10⁻⁶ meters. In biology, micrometers measure the size of microorganisms and cells, and in physics, the length of infrared electromagnetic radiation. A micrometer is also called a micron and is sometimes, especially in English literature, denoted by the Greek letter µ. Other derivatives of the meter are also widely used: nanometers (1 × 10⁻⁹ meters), picometers (1 × 10⁻¹² meters), femtometers (1 × 10⁻¹⁵ meters and attometers (1 × 10⁻¹⁸ meters).

Navigation distance

Shipping uses nautical miles. One nautical mile is equal to 1852 meters. It was originally measured as an arc of one minute along the meridian, that is, 1/(60x180) of the meridian. This made latitude calculations easier, since 60 nautical miles equaled one degree of latitude. When distance is measured in nautical miles, speed is often measured in knots. One knot equal to a speed of one nautical mile per hour.

Distance in astronomy

In astronomy, large distances are measured, so special quantities are adopted to facilitate calculations.

Astronomical unit(au, au) is equal to 149,597,870,700 meters. The value of one astronomical unit is a constant, that is, a constant value. It is generally accepted that the Earth is located at a distance of one astronomical unit from the Sun.

Light year equal to 10,000,000,000,000 or 10¹³ kilometers. This is the distance that light travels in a vacuum in one Julian year. This quantity is used in popular science literature more often than in physics and astronomy.

Parsec approximately equal to 30,856,775,814,671,900 meters or approximately 3.09 × 10¹³ kilometers. One parsec is the distance from the Sun to another astronomical object, such as a planet, star, moon, or asteroid, with an angle of one arcsecond. One arcsecond is 1/3600 of a degree, or approximately 4.8481368 microrads in radians. Parsec can be calculated using parallax - the effect of visible changes in body position, depending on the observation point. When making measurements, lay a segment E1A2 (in the illustration) from the Earth (point E1) to a star or other astronomical object (point A2). Six months later, when the Sun is on the other side of the Earth, a new segment E2A1 is laid from the new position of the Earth (point E2) to the new position in space of the same astronomical object (point A1). In this case, the Sun will be at the intersection of these two segments, at point S. The length of each of the segments E1S and E2S is equal to one astronomical unit. If we plot a segment through point S, perpendicular to E1E2, it will pass through the intersection point of segments E1A2 and E2A1, I. The distance from the Sun to point I is segment SI, it is equal to one parsec, when the angle between segments A1I and A2I is two arcseconds.

On the image:

A1, A2: apparent star position
E1, E2: Earth position
S: Sun position
I: point of intersection
IS = 1 parsec
∠P or ∠XIA2: parallax angle
∠P = 1 arcsecond

Other units

League- an obsolete unit of length previously used in many countries. It is still used in some places, such as the Yucatan Peninsula and rural areas of Mexico. This is the distance a person travels in an hour. Sea League - three nautical miles, approximately 5.6 kilometers. Lieu is a unit approximately equal to a league. IN English language both leagues and leagues are called the same, league. In literature, league is sometimes found in the title of books, such as “20,000 Leagues Under the Sea” - the famous novel by Jules Verne.

Elbow- ancient value, equal to distance from the tip of the middle finger to the elbow. This value was widespread in the ancient world, in the Middle Ages, and until modern times.

Yard used in the British Imperial system and is equal to three feet or 0.9144 meters. In some countries, such as Canada, which adopts the metric system, yards are used to measure fabric and the length of swimming pools and sports fields such as golf courses and soccer fields.

Definition of meter

The definition of meter has changed several times. The meter was originally defined as 1/10,000,000 of the distance from North Pole to the equator. Later, the meter was equal to the length of the platinum-iridium standard. The meter was later equated to the wavelength of the orange line of the electromagnetic spectrum of the krypton atom ⁸⁶Kr in a vacuum, multiplied by 1,650,763.73. Today, a meter is defined as the distance traveled by light in a vacuum in 1/299,792,458 of a second.

Computations

In geometry, the distance between two points, A and B, with coordinates A(x₁, y₁) and B(x₂, y₂) is calculated by the formula:

and within a few minutes you will receive an answer.

Calculations for converting units in the converter " Length and distance converter" are performed using unitconversion.org functions.

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1 meter [m] = 1000000 micrometer [µm]

Initial value

Converted value

Convert feet and inches to meters and vice versa

foot inch

Optical power in diopters and lens magnification

More about length and distance

General information

Length is the largest measurement of the body. In three-dimensional space, length is usually measured horizontally.

Distance is a quantity that determines how far two bodies are from each other.

Measuring distance and length

Units of distance and length

Distance in physics and biology

In biology and physics, lengths are often measured at much less than one millimeter. For this purpose, a special value has been adopted, the micrometer. One micrometer is equal to 1×10⁻⁶ meters. In biology, the size of microorganisms and cells is measured in micrometers, and in physics, the length of infrared electromagnetic radiation is measured. A micrometer is also called a micron and is sometimes, especially in English literature, denoted by the Greek letter µ. Other derivatives of the meter are also widely used: nanometers (1 × 10⁻⁹ meters), picometers (1 × 10⁻¹² meters), femtometers (1 × 10⁻¹⁵ meters and attometers (1 × 10⁻¹⁸ meters).

Navigation distance

Shipping uses nautical miles. One nautical mile is equal to 1852 meters. It was originally measured as an arc of one minute along the meridian, that is, 1/(60x180) of the meridian. This made latitude calculations easier, since 60 nautical miles equaled one degree of latitude. When distance is measured in nautical miles, speed is often measured in knots. One sea knot equals a speed of one nautical mile per hour.

Distance in astronomy

In astronomy, large distances are measured, so special quantities are adopted to facilitate calculations.

On the image:

A1, A2: apparent star position
E1, E2: Earth position
S: Sun position
I: point of intersection
IS = 1 parsec
∠P or ∠XIA2: parallax angle
∠P = 1 arcsecond

Other units

League- an obsolete unit of length previously used in many countries. It is still used in some places, such as the Yucatan Peninsula and rural areas of Mexico. This is the distance a person travels in an hour. Sea League - three nautical miles, approximately 5.6 kilometers. Lieu is a unit approximately equal to a league. In English, both leagues and leagues are called the same, league. In literature, league is sometimes found in the title of books, such as “20,000 Leagues Under the Sea” - the famous novel by Jules Verne.

Elbow- an ancient value equal to the distance from the tip of the middle finger to the elbow. This value was widespread in the ancient world, in the Middle Ages, and until modern times.

Definition of meter

The definition of meter has changed several times. The meter was originally defined as 1/10,000,000 of the distance from the North Pole to the equator. Later, the meter was equal to the length of the platinum-iridium standard. The meter was later equated to the wavelength of the orange line of the electromagnetic spectrum of the krypton atom ⁸⁶Kr in a vacuum, multiplied by 1,650,763.73. Today, a meter is defined as the distance traveled by light in a vacuum in 1/299,792,458 of a second.

Computations

In geometry, the distance between two points, A and B, with coordinates A(x₁, y₁) and B(x₂, y₂) is calculated by the formula:

and within a few minutes you will receive an answer.

Calculations for converting units in the converter " Length and distance converter" are performed using unitconversion.org functions.

According to parameters, photos, cost.

One of the main properties of polyethylene is its density. In durable polyethylenes it is approximately 940-960 g/m3. This high level is achieved by polymerization with system catalysts. This material is called polyethylene high pressure. It is a rigid thermoplastic that is used in injection and blow molding.

The main properties of this class of polyethylene include good chemical resistance, minimal water absorption, good elongation, elasticity and resistance to temperature changes in the range from -70 to +100 degrees. The material is easily processed and welds very well.

High-density polyethylene film is used to make bags for non- food products, pipes for agricultural work, packaging material. In particular, packaging bags, bags with a die-cut handle, garbage bags, and air bubble film are made from such film.

In everyday life, the product is used in the construction of greenhouses, summer cafes and showers (colored opaque film is used for such objects). It is characteristic that when the film is exposed to high pressure, elevated temperature it is easy to apply on various surfaces– cardboard, paper, foil, etc. The surfaces on which PVD is applied are moisture-resistant and waterproof, and are quite durable.

HDPE polyethylene films have good electrical insulating qualities (for some types of film, the electrical density reaches 150 kV/mm). With increasing film density, quality parameters such as strength, rigidity, and chemical resistance increase. Thus, we can conclude that high density of polyethylene film provides a number of useful qualities. If you need such a film, please contact LENTAPACK.

Low density polyethylene film

Today, one of the most popular materials among buyers is low-density polyethylene. As is known, low is determined by the number of branches per 100 carbon atoms. The level of crystallinity of molecules is 50-70%.

The softening temperature of low-density film is significantly lower than the temperature of boiling water. Therefore, this type of film cannot be used in conjunction with hot water or ferry. Low-density polyethylene is characterized by plasticity and dullness. Its density ranges from 0.915 to 0.936 g/cm3. Films of this type are easy to heat seal and form strong seams. You can glue the film using tape and polyisobutylene adhesives. On the material after preliminary preparation It is possible to apply prints.

Low-pressure film coatings withstand impacts quite well and are resistant to tensile and tensile loads. They are also resistant to temperature changes (from -50 to +10 degrees). The films are waterproof, but have poor oxidation resistance and are therefore unsuitable for packaging certain types of products. Good chemical resistance with low grease and oil resistance somewhat limits the contact of this type of film with certain liquids.

Low-density polyethylene is often used in the manufacture of bags, wrapping, and sacks. In the production of shopping bags, mainly film from 20 to 60 microns is used. A low density does not mean that the film is fragile. The use of additives can significantly increase the strength of products. For bags of small capacity, film up to 10 microns thick is used. Thus, we see that density of polyethylene film is one of the main parameters.

High density polyethylene film kg m3 (LDPE production)

The high demand of high pressure film requires modern methods its production. The production of polyethylene film takes place in extruders. Needed density of polyethylene film (kg/m3) achieved by adding granulated and powdered high-density polyethylene. Next, the viscous mass is blown out of the extruder onto a special receiver. The film has a round and flat cross-section.

Production Highlights

Polyethylene granules fall into the receiving hopper. To improve the properties of the material, special additives are used. Next, the polymer hits the surface of the screw. As the screw rotates, the material begins to heat up and melt. Once the alloy is homogeneous, it is extruded. After passing through the head, the product is obtained in the desired shape.

To obtain a sleeve, the workpiece must pass through a special slot and inflate to required sizes. The diameter and thickness of the hose can be adjusted by setting the amount of air supplied. The fabric is obtained from a sleeve - cutting it directly on both sides, a half-sleeve - on one. The resulting sleeve must cool and then pass through the receiving device, after which the film is wound into rolls.

All stages are carefully controlled. In particular, you need to monitor temperature and pressure, as well as color (if color film is being made). A high-quality film provides uniform thickness over the entire area of the canvas, the “correct” color, the absence of folds and creases, even and tight winding. Checked density of polyethylene film (kg/m3) density meter in different areas. If you need polyethylene film, contact the LENTAPACK company.