The most important feature of physical culture in primitive society:
applied character.
separate physical education for boys and girls;
obligatory for all members of the community, close connection with rituals;
Renaissance utopians include:
Vittorio da Feltre;
Francois Rabel.
Thomas More;
classification of games, as the oldest form of organization of physical education, according to social functions includes:
sport games;
possession of skills of joint activity, dominance and subordination.
magical rite;
Athens system of physical education:
does not apply to girls;
boys and girls do physical training together.
applies to girls;
Sport as a method of preparation for the war in the colonies and for the colonies is considered:
in England;
in Europe.
in the USA;
The purpose of physical education in the Middle Ages is:
"7 knightly virtues";
Olympic medal.
2 fights before adulthood;
Sokol gymnastic system "has been developed:
Czech Republic;
France.
Germany;
Sport games passing in Nemea and near Corinth were called:
Pythian;
isthmian.
Olympic;
Under the Athens system of physical education, from 7 to 16 years old, a child:
engaged in detachments of ephebes.
attends a music school;
attends the gymnasium;
V Olympic Games passed:
in Stockholm;
in Berlin.
in London;
Suzerain is:
organizer, judge and "sponsor";
rider assistant.
competition winner;
The orchestra is:
exercises (pentathlon);
ancient form of competition.
dance exercises to music
The creation of the school "House of Joy" refers to:
1378-1446 ;
1478-1535 .
1495-1553 ;
In the Middle Ages, a lady had to be able to:
judge jousts.
ride a horse, play ball;
participate in knightly tournaments;
Under the Spartan system of physical education in Ancient Greece caregivers are appointed and supervised by:
senior military leader.
the state;
the head of the family;
The purpose of physical education as military physical training is:
creation of an army.
creation of a harmoniously developed personality;
education of a warrior;

The most important feature of physical culture in the countries of the Ancient East:
maintaining a close connection with magic;
the emergence and development of entertainment games.
military and labor training;
Sports as an independent field of activity:
is classless.
present;
missing;
Cultivated Sports in Ancient Greece:
rowing, sailing, fights without rules.
rhythmic gymnastics, hammer throwing, steeplechase;
running for short and long distances, running with and without weapons, throwing darts, pankration, swimming;

Describe physical culture in primitive society.
the main goal is the formation of labor skills and hardening.
there are no innate programs of behavior, mythology of consciousness, gender and age hierarchy;
gender and age hierarchy, physical education has a pronounced class character;

In 1861 in England:
the English Football League was created;
Association of Lovers created athletics.
the first athletics club was created in London;
In the clergy in the Middle Ages, physical culture and physical education:
form labor skills and hardening;
allowed as self-defense against feudal lords.
officially prohibited;
The most important feature physical culture and physical education in the Middle Ages is:
the ratio of the traditions of the ancient world and semi-primitive society;
physical education has a pronounced class character.
feudal system;
Under the Spartan system of physical education, from 7 to 17 years old, boys:
Each question has 3 possible answers! not to get confused

Our main program is "Kindergarten - House of Joy".

This program was created by Natalya Mikhailovna Krylova, Associate Professor of the Perm state university and Valentina Tarasovna Ivanova, an innovative teacher in 1985 on the basis of Perm State University.

The program "Kindergarten - House of Joy" is focused on achieving and exceeding the standard of preschool education, as well as continuity in the transition to the next age period. Working according to the program, we create conditions for ensuring the emotional well-being of the child, creating the basis of his personal culture, developing his abilities and inclinations. We provide the child wide selection activities, we assist him in mastering them at the level of independence and creativity. Performance different types activities in the process of play, cognition and communication ensures the success of the child. Experiencing pleasure from the result obtained, the preschooler receives a positive experience and strives to enrich it in the future.

The program is built on a solid philosophical, physiological, hygienic and psychological foundation. The scientific basis of the program " Kindergarten- the house of joy "is a Model program of education and training in kindergarten, edited by R.A. Kurbatova and N.N. Poddyakova. The program reflected all the best created by domestic and foreign teachers and psychologists. Its tasks are:

• caring for the health of the child and promoting the enrichment of the mental and physical development every child;
• assistance in the development of various types of activities by the child at the level of independence and the development of his creative potential;
• assistance in mastering the basics of spiritual culture.

The program relies on the fact that the management of any activity can be represented as a model. First of all, this model should be mastered by an adult, teaching the child to self-organize activities, and in the senior and preparatory groups for school, the model will become a means of knowing the preschooler himself.

The first version of the model that the educator uses is the finger system: the little finger indicates the intention (goal and motive) - "What I want to do, who to take care of." Nameless - the subject of transformation - "What I will do from." Middle finger- means - “What will I do” (what tools will the transformation be carried out with). Index - order of actions -

“How will I do” (where to start, how to end). Thumb, raised up - the result is a product of activity, attitude towards it and towards oneself, as a creator, i.e. reflection and self-evaluation.

In the kindergarten "House of Joy" children master such productive activities as applique, modeling, paper design, drawing (image various items, construction of plot compositions; from nature, by design). Kids learn to draw "from nature" and according to plan.

A special place is given by the authors of the program to the development of constructive abilities in children. Starting with the creation of chairs, gates and houses for nesting dolls, preschoolers to preparatory group they know how to compare urban planning plans and creatively express their ideas, “creating” the architectural ensembles of Moscow and St. Petersburg.

important in the lives of children children's experimentation. Children conduct many experiments, learning the "inner content of the outside world."

Kindergarten specialists pay much attention to the physical, aesthetic and musical development of preschoolers. The program provides for weekly physical education classes, musical leisure activities and the development of all types of theatrical activities for children.

It can be said with full confidence that the systematic knowledge gained by children attending groups of the kindergarten "House of Joy" makes it possible for children to master the basics of reading, literacy, and mathematics, which are so necessary for entering the first grade, without coaching.

Vittorino de Rambaldoni (1378, Feltre, - 02.02.1446, Mantova), Ntalyan teacher of the Renaissance. Graduated from the University of Padua. He was strongly influenced by the Italian humanists P. Vergerio and L. Bruni. He put into practice the humanistic ideas of the Renaissance in the field of education. The goal of education was seen in the formation of harmoniously developed person. In 1423-1424 he founded a secondary school (Casa Giocosa - "House of Joy") at the court of the Duke of Gonzaga in Mantua. The sons of the duke, courtiers, humanists G. F. Poggio Bracciolini, F. Fillelfo, and also (at the expense of Vittorino) gifted boys from poor families studied there. Girls from the Gonzaga family also attended the school. Students from other countries (France, Germany, Greece) were sent to Vittorino. The bright, spacious building of the school was located in a picturesque area, decorated with bright frescoes depicting children's games, and in no way resembled ascetic medieval schools. The basis of education was Latin and Greek languages, reading ancient authors, logic, rhetoric. Arithmetic, geometry, algebra (at that time a new discipline), natural science, and music were taught. Vittorino paid much attention to moral education, in which the influence of Christian ethics was quite strong. Classical education was combined with physical education (exercises and outdoor games were mandatory at any time of the year and in any weather). Vittorino da Feltre introduced new teaching methods, used elements of the game in teaching, and abandoned scholastic disputes and corporal punishment. In teaching mathematics, he used visual aids and practical work. He considered it necessary to awaken students' interest in the subject, taking into account their individual abilities. Vittorino da Feltre did not leave pedagogical writings, his activities are known from the memoirs of his students.

Literature: Woodward W. H., Vittorino da Feltre and other humanist educators, Camb., 1897 (c. N. Y., 1963); Vittorino e la sua scuola. Umanesimo, pedagogia, arti, Firenze, 1981.

V. I. Ukolov

Olga Pustakina
Features of the NMS "Kindergarten-House of Joy", author N. M. Krylova

AT kindergarten where I work has been implemented by NMS for 19 years" Kindergarten - the house of joy"(author:N. M. Krylova) and it gives wonderful results: Graduates children's garden show high level preparation for school, the vast majority of children in the primary grades study at "4" and "5".

Why « Kindergarten - a house of joy» scientific - methodical system? Because it includes myself:

The program, with its tasks, principles, methods, guidelines in the development of children,

Technology - a scientifically developed project for introducing the Program into the practice of the educator with predetermined performance indicators. Route sheets for each day were developed ( long-term plans, reflecting all types of children's activities, scenarios have been developed for each day from reception until late in the evening for children aged 3-7 years.

Innovation is a scientific substantiation of the patterns of introducing technology into work practice.

The program absorbed all the best created by domestic and foreign teachers and psychologists, formed on the basis of mutual enrichment of national cultures different peoples. It was influenced by the research of outstanding scientists and the development of a number of scientific schools, the experience of innovators-specialists preschool education different regions countries, progressive ideas of foreign pedagogy, especially humanistic approaches in theories of personality formation.

Security of the program "At home joy"Technology and Innovation is an option to overcome the interdisciplinary, inter-activity fragmentation that has developed in practice, the disunity of partial programs and child development methods, which meets the requirements of the Federal State Educational Standard. It's no secret that the integrated programs "From Birth to School"," Childhood", etc. include a number of disparate programs, methods, and the final result depends only on the level of skill of the teacher. In Technology "Houses joy» all areas of development are linked together, it is written all: starting from the organization of the developing environment and ending with detailed work with each child. This allows you to achieve sustainable positive results, regardless of the starting capabilities of children.

So, raising a preschooler from 3 to 7 years old in « Kindergarten - House of Joy» - this is pedagogical system building a holistic process aimed at promoting the development and self-development of each pupil as a unique individuality.

It is focused on achieving and exceeding the standard of preschool education, which provides the basis for the holistic and versatile development of children of a particular age, as well as continuity in the transition to the next age period. The life of a child children's kindergarten is purposeful, as the teacher is given a scientifically developed scenario for each day. All types activities: play, work, study are connected together and flow from one another.

Directions of the Program:

FIRST - introducing the child to physical culture, to healthy lifestyle life as the foundation of universal culture, health care and enrichment of the physical and mental development of the pupil.

SECOND - promoting the versatile development and self-development of the child as an individual in the process of performing various types of activities at the level of independence and creativity.

THIRD - introducing the pupil to the basics of spiritual culture and intelligence.

Developing environment groups " Kindergarten - home of joy" is slightly different from the environment of other programs. There is an ecological window in the group that reflects the ecosystem. It contains: air, water, earth with herbs growing on it, shrubs, trees. On it, in accordance with the technology, silhouettes of representatives of the fauna and ongoing work to enrich children's knowledge about a particular animal. Available in the group thematic shelves: "Future construction", "regional component", "Russia", "worlds", "associative thinking", "technical toy", etc.

Their content changes twice a month. The design of these shelves, work on their materials allows you to expand the zone of "obscure knowledge", expand their horizons, which is of great importance for the development of mental children's abilities.

Peculiarity NMS is also in the reception of children. It consists in the fact that the reception of children is prescribed on time. Correlating the wishes and possibilities of parents, educators build a schedule for receiving children in such a way that each child has the opportunity to conduct individual work. After all, it is enough for someone to say it once and he will learn it, and for someone several times. The fact is that, in accordance with the Technology, the lesson is held only when 70% of the children have mastered the material that will be summarized in the lesson. As a result of the individual work carried out for the lesson, the children know all the material and feel confident, and the success of the children in learning creates a powerful psychological incentive. Children run to kindergarten joy. That is why this NMS was named "House joy» .

The main character of technology in the second junior, middle group- a bear, in the senior and preparatory group for school - dunno. The characters reflect the very essence of children of this age. Mishka is a klutz, the children always explain everything to him, Dunno knows nothing, the children teach him. Heroes are present in the group every day, children love them very much, because funny situations always happen to them.

Many preschool institutions with the introduction of the Federal State Educational Standard, the problem of integration arises educational areas, integration of activities in the educator - the educational process. There are no such problems in this NMS. Everything is so integrated, harmonious that children learn, develop and educate without noticing it.

I would like to touch on one of the most important features of the NMS, thanks to which, almost from the age of three, the child develops the need to learn, plan his activities from the goal to the result, evaluate the result of his activities for self-development. It's a technique "5 fingers". Thanks to her, each pupil learns to concentrate efforts to achieve the goal - as a result of each type of activity. Activity is considered as a model - a system of five components: ideas, material, tools, procedure and result.

This relationship is vividly modeled by fingers arms:

1. What am I planning to do? Who to take care of?

2. What will I do?

3. What will I do?

4. I will do it in order ...

5. I got what I wanted!

This always happens, regardless of the type of activities: conceived - bring to the result! That is why graduates of "House joy"Successful in school.

This technique "5 fingers" is the basis of the developed algorithm for promoting the child's mastery of each type of activity, whether it is a game, work or study, and was named N.M. Krylova"Ladder of success". Each type of activity, according to program author, you need to learn and learning should be fun!

What is the "Ladder of Success"?

The first step of the "Ladder of Success" (stage of purposeful work of the teacher) It's called adult theatre. The goal of the teacher is to arouse in the child the desire to learn how to perform the activity demonstrated by him. Here the educator is the "artist", and the child is the "enchanted spectator". "Teach me, I want that too!" - this is the result that should be heard by the teacher on this step of the "Ladder of Success".

The second step is "desirable", "tasty" interlocutors. The purpose of the teacher is to help the child (taking into account his age, temperament, character, gender) in mastering his activities to the level of independence, and then to the level of creativity. However, there is a necessary condition: the success of the educator depends on the desire of the child; therefore, the educator's program will be fulfilled only when it becomes the program of the child himself (L. S. Vygotsky).

The third step is a frontal form of learning (occupation, work, play, etc.). The purpose of the teacher double: on the one hand, to provide the child with the opportunity in a peer group to assert himself in amateur performance, and on the other hand, in the form of a group organization, to diagnose the achievements of each pupil in the activity that he mastered in individual training. Here the educator acts as a "conductor" or "director", and the children - "an orchestra of caring performers" with a moral orientation of behavior.

The fourth step of the "Ladder of Success" is the internal "theater" of the child. As he reaches the level of amateur performance, he strives to manifest his talent - to creativity. preschooler able to cooperation with peers, to the development of collective relationships that create new opportunities for self-development of each as an individual. The purpose of the teacher is to admire the child, rejoice their self-expression of their individuality. The educator here is like an "enchanted spectator", and the child is an "artist".

It must be said that the program has many such regime moments that you will not find in other programs. it: "minute of silence" and "minute of prank", testing, "mom and dad" classes, etc. "mom and dad" classes should be more detailed. In accordance with the GEF, interaction with parents is provided, and not work with parents, as it was before. It is these exercises that allow this task. Parents come to the group and are directly involved in educational - educational process. They sew dresses for dolls, make birdhouses, bird feeders, boxes for seedlings, make turntables, etc.

I would like to note that the program has a fully developed monitoring system in all areas of children's development.

The main characteristics of pupils "Houses joy» :

1. Children learn to make what they have in mind happen.

2. Achieving a result in each type of activity performed, the pupil learns to be successful and enjoy joy from success. It reveals the meaning of the need to study at school.

3. Based on the development of self-awareness, a child develops a need for self-affirmation, which encourages him to repeatedly try, experiment, explore the reasons for what did not work out before.

4. The performance of each type of activity by adults is necessarily motivated by a moral orientation. (through the inclusion of a game character - Mishka, Dunno). The moral orientation is manifested in love, care and respect for oneself, as well as for peers and adults.

Teachers working on the program Kindergarten - the house of joy"understand that every day of the week is the day of life that uniquely builds the fate of a girl and a boy, and those adults who surround them.

Gum for hands "Cookie"

Children who love different experiences and experiments will love the creative kits. If your child has long dreamed of making a handgam, it's time to make this dream come true! The kid will independently make a toy from the components that come in the kit. - an excellent anti-stress simulator, it can be wrinkled, tossed, stretched. Handgam soothes, relieves tension, strengthens the wrist muscles, trains fine motor skills. And the chewing gum for hands has a pleasant aroma of cookies, mint, exotic fruits, etc.

The following novelties will be of interest not only to children, but also to some adults. In urban apartments, we are increasingly moving away from nature. Children sometimes do not know where vegetables and fruits come from, thinking that sweets appear in the refrigerator by themselves. Now every child can grow a small vegetable garden on the windowsill.

DEVELOPING GAMES: BUSINESS BOARDS LOCKS, PRIMARY LOGIC

Are there board games for the little ones? We say yes! created for preschoolers younger age. The set includes 12 cards, on which colored circles are drawn in different combinations. And also 9 balls: red, yellow, blue. The player needs to arrange the balls in such a way that their colors match the colors of the cells-circles. Several young participants can also play. "PervoLogika" contributes to the development of analytical thinking, memory, and the ability to compare. In a group game, in addition, children learn effective communication, replenish their vocabulary.