After purchasing a country plot for a summer residence, the question of how to build a country house with your own hands becomes urgent. Well, building it yourself is quite possible, unless, of course, you are planning a huge “palace” that requires the involvement of construction equipment and a team of professionals.

Usually compact buildings are chosen for a dacha, but, nevertheless, the house must have everything necessary for rest - rooms, kitchen, veranda. The latter will become a favorite place for an evening pastime all family. It is very important to make the country house cozy and comfortable, so you need to think through all the nuances of its arrangement.

The optimal material for country house building is wood, and the principle of construction is a frame structure.

Of course, the first thing that will need to be done is to decide on the location and size of the building, draw up a project, and plan further work.

Proe ct of a small country house

The size of the future house largely depends on the area of ​​the summer cottage, the number of family members and the financial capabilities of the owners. If you plan correctly, draw up successful project and choose an inexpensive one, but quality material for construction, you can save space, money and work time.

In any case, the first steps are drawing up a project

Most often, a country house has a size of 5.0 × 6.0 or 4.0 × 6.0 m. Larger buildings are erected much less frequently, and mainly in cases where they are planned to be used year-round. But this, most likely, will not be a country house, but a full-fledged country house.

The layout of the house may have to be carried out on the basis of requirements that can be established by the board of the gardening association, therefore, when purchasing, you need to find out about such nuances in advance. The following distances are most often required:

• The house must be installed at a distance of 3 meters from the border neighboring plot, and from the fence separating the site from the general passage (street) - 5 meters.
• In order to ensure fire safety, a stone house is placed at a distance of at least six meters from another stone building, and ten meters from a wooden one. If the house is wooden, then it should be installed at a distance of no closer than 15 meters from another wooden building.
• To prevent the house from blocking neighboring buildings from sunlight, if it is placed on the eastern, southern or western side of the site, it is located at a distance from another residential building at least equal to its height.

Usually, to install a country house, the highest place in the area where Water will not collect when snow melts or from heavy rains. High humidity under the house will never benefit any building material, but it will always have a negative impact on the overall strength and durability of the structure.

Most often, the following construction technologies are chosen for the construction of country houses: frame-panel construction, log houses, walls made of blocks or bricks.

For summer cottages, designs of one-story houses with closed or open verandas or terraces are predominantly chosen. Often the structure has attic space, used for storing garden tools and other things that seem unnecessary in everyday use, but which can always be useful in the country. However, it also happens that in some projects there are no attic floor beams at all, and then the roof slopes simultaneously serve as a ceiling.

If the family is large, and the area of ​​the plot is not as large as we would like, then you can plan two-storey house, taking up very little space at the base. In this case, the first floor can be used as a living room, terrace and kitchen, and on the second floor you can arrange cozy sleeping areas for the whole family.

Not at all necessary in a dacha building, build a full second floor, since its role can be perfectly fulfilled by an attic superstructure. By decorating it with natural materials, you can create a wonderful, healthy country atmosphere.

Country houses are mainly used in the warm season, starting with the arrival of spring and ending in autumn. Therefore, they do not require enhanced insulation of walls and roofs, but devices for heating the premises must still be provided - in case of cold nights or drops in temperature during unstable weather. Typically, electrical appliances are used as heaters, for example, convectors or infrared film emitters, but sometimes owners even prefer to install fireplaces or cast-iron heating and cooking stoves.

By the way, if you plan to build a real fireplace or brick oven, then they must be included in the draft being compiled.

There are also ready-made versions of country houses, sold complete in disassembled form, which simply need to be delivered to the site and assembled. Any such set of parts must be accompanied by detailed instructions, which outline the procedure for carrying out the work, basic technological techniques and connection diagrams individual elements and nodes.

For the owner of the site, who has basic skills construction work, it won’t be too difficult to assemble such a country house yourself. The main advantage of this option is that often the kit already includes everything necessary for the electrical network of the building, for its ventilation system and even for installation of water supply.

Video: a small, neat country house that lives up to its name

What type of house to choose?

Having decided on rough plan future house, you need to choose the material for its construction. This choice will determine not only the appearance of the building itself, but also the comfort of staying in it, as well as the costs of its construction.

• The traditional material for a country house is wood, which will create a favorable microclimate in it, filling it with the smells of the forest. A wooden house can be erected frame method, from timber or logs. Disadvantage wooden buildings consider the material to have a high fire hazard.

However, wooden houses have always been built, and many of them have stood for centuries. Today, there are special fire-retardant impregnations on sale that significantly reduce the risk of fire in wooden buildings. And in general - the most important thing here is not the material, but the human factor - namely, people’s neglect of basic requirements fire safety in the vast majority of cases it becomes the cause of fire.

• The construction of a brick structure will cost much more, but it can with good reason be called a full-fledged house, which can be used not only in the summer, but also, if necessary, in the winter, if you install a stove in it. Brick buildings are much less susceptible to fire and, with high-quality masonry, will last a very long time. Their disadvantages include a more complex and lengthy construction process, requiring special skills, and the high price of materials.

• Very often, different materials are used when building a country house. For example, a house is built from wood, but on a foundation made of concrete, brick or blocks.

This option can be called optimal, since a foundation made of moisture-resistant materials will create optimal conditions for the construction of walls made of wood, thus it will become a reliable foundation for the house.

It is this last option that is worth considering, since it is the most popular of all types of country houses.

Stages of construction of a country house

Materials for building a country house

If you don’t want to bother with calculations, then it’s better to buy a team finished model a house with a certain area, for which you only need to prepare a place.

In all other cases, you will need to purchase building materials. Their type, size, volume, total number - all depending on the size of the planned building, which is determined by the project.

Foundation material

For any type of foundation you will need the following materials:

— sand, crushed stone, cement;

- third-grade board and timber for formwork;

- brick or concrete blocks;

— waterproofing material(ruberoid);

— expanded clay of the middle fraction.

Wall and roof material

Since wood was chosen for the construction of the walls, other materials will be selected based on this:

- bars and boards different sizes, depending on design parameters;

— fastening elements — nails, self-tapping screws, bolts, studs;

- corners of different configurations, metal plates– for fastening knots;

— vapor barrier film;

— insulation — mineral wool, ecowool or expanded clay;

— to cover the roof, it is better to choose a lightweight material — ondulin or corrugated sheeting.

Once the installation location for the future house has been determined and the materials have been purchased, you can proceed to arranging the foundation. True, first you will have to decide on its type.

Country house foundation

Even when erecting such a small and light building as a wooden country house, you cannot do without a foundation. In this case, one of two types is ideal for these purposes - columnar and strip foundation. Which one to choose depends on the preferences of the builder.

• A column foundation will be a less expensive option, as it will allow you to seriously save on building materials. In addition, such a foundation can be completed independently, without outside help, which will also save some money.

You can find out in detail how to build it correctly by following this link to the corresponding page of our portal.

• To create a strip foundation, you will need not only a larger amount of materials, but also a fairly long period of time. This is not surprising - a trench will need to be dug along the entire perimeter of the future house, waterproof it, install a reinforcement structure, build formwork and fill the foundation pit with concrete. And after that, whether you like it or not, it will take another month until the filled tape completely hardens and gains brand strength.

However, strip foundations are still very popular among individual developers. This option is convenient because it allows you to make a basement under the house, however, to do this, the foundation walls will have to be raised above the soil surface by 700 ÷ 800 mm. is described in detail in the article, which can be found on our portal by following the link provided.

If a columnar foundation is selected, then it is recommended to remove the upper layer soil by 150 ÷ ​​200 mm. Then pour a 30 ÷ 40 mm layer of sand into the resulting pit, which should be compacted. Above sand cushion layer is laid mid-fraction crushed stone and is also compacted, and the remaining space must be filled with expanded clay of the middle fraction. All these procedures are done to ensure that small rodents cannot get close to the house. They cannot stand expanded clay (especially small clay), as it contains a large amount of dust and has a loose surface.

Fine expanded clay is an excellent rodent repellent

To protect the house from the penetration of large rodents or other uninvited guests from the animal world, it is advisable to cover the space under the house with a metal mesh with cells no larger than 10 mm.

Construction of a frame structure

For a country house optimal choice- frame structure

A frame house can be placed on either a columnar or strip foundation. Construction always starts from the foundation, which must be reliably waterproofed two or three layers of laid roofing felt.

• If the project includes a veranda, you must immediately separate its zone, over which a roof will be erected, but there will be no solid walls. To support the roof over the veranda, you can use the racks of the general wall frame. Another option - veranda will be attached to the house separately.
• Without exception, all wooden workpieces must be treated with antiseptic compounds and fire retardants. These impregnations will increase the resistance of wood to fire, to decay, will prevent the appearance of insect nests or colonies of microflora representatives - mold or fungus.

• After the workpieces have received proper preparation and are completely dry, during construction, a lower frame (crown) is first made, which will be laid on the foundation and will subsequently be used to install the floor.

In order for the floor to be reliable, it is necessary to use high-quality timber of the required cross-section for the frame. If funds allow, then it is better to choose wooden elements not according to the “lower limit” of dimensions, but by placing a certain margin in their cross-section.

The table shows optimal sizes timber for a frame house:

• The frame support beams are mounted on crown bars located along the perimeter of the foundation, at a distance of 600 ÷ 700 mm from each other. They are secured using corners or by inserting. If the elements are large in cross-section, they can additionally be fastened with metal brackets.

• When the lower frame with support beams is ready, the wall frames are made. They can be collected separately and then finished form raised and secured to frame strapping bars.

Another option is to lift the frame directly into place. For example, if a house is being erected independently, without helpers, then it will be very difficult to lift the finished frame from the tent alone to the height of the frame, install it evenly and temporarily fix it until it is finally secured. This means that each of the bars will have to be placed separately.

• The size of the bars for the wall frame posts must be at least 100x100 mm, but it can also be mounted from boards with a cross-section of at least 50x150 mm.

The bars are secured to the lower frame using powerful corners that can hold them in a vertical position. It is best to use self-tapping screws rather than nails for fastening - the difference in price is not so significant, but the quality and reliability of the assembly is incomparably higher.

• When installing vertical racks, you need to immediately mark the location of the openings for windows and doors. It is best to leave the area where they are to be installed free in the frame, and install the part of the wall with the window opening separately.

Then, when the upper strapping block is installed and secured to all other vertical posts, the area with the window opening is secured to the space left for it.

• All four walls are assembled in the same way. On the corners side racks are fastened together with corners, or instead of two separate ones, one common one is mounted corner post. It is recommended to support it with diagonal struts on both sides - they will add rigidity to the entire wall structure.

• The doorway is installed in the frame immediately. It is reinforced with an additional rack, since a door suspended on hinges has a certain weight, which must be calmly supported by both the reinforced opening and the entire wall frame.

• If you plan to sheathe the frame with outside clapboard, then the next step is to carry out this event. The sheathing will give the structure additional rigidity, which will allow the installation of the attic floor to continue and

Floor installation can be carried out immediately after external cladding walls, but only if the roof is covered with roofing on the same day. It is highly undesirable for your freshly laid flooring to get wet if it rains unexpectedly at night. Therefore, it is better to first resolve the issue with the roof, and then calmly deal with all other construction activities inside the house.

Roof construction and roofing

Types of rafter systems

A few words need to be said about the types of rafter systems, since, moving on to the construction of the roof, it is necessary to have a general idea about this, to know which design is best to choose.

There are two types of rafter systems - hanging and layered.

Hanging system

Hanging rafter system differs in that it is installed only on external load-bearing walls and has no other supports. It is perfect for erecting over a small country house building. In order to lighten the load on the wooden walls and on the foundation, hanging rafters are fastened with ties.

The hanging structure itself consists of a transverse beam, which also performs an overlapping function, and can simultaneously serve as a frame for lining the ceiling, as well as rafter legs that form the roof slopes.

Layered system

The layered system is installed if in the house, in addition to external walls, there are internal capital partitions that will become additional support points. This scheme can also be used when constructing the roof of a country house, if it has a large area and its rooms are separated by walls built on the foundation.

When installing this system, the load on the load-bearing side walls becomes weaker, so it will be possible to use fewer retaining elements. It's great for attic structures which will be used as living quarters.

Floor beams

An important structural element is the floor beams

The beams are laid exactly above the vertical posts of the wall frame. In order for them to fit tightly on the upper strapping belt, grooves are cut out at their edges. The size of the grooves can be calculated based on the formula shown in the figure.

The beams are secured to the frame structure of the walls using nails or self-tapping screws, and in addition they are sometimes fixed on both sides with metal corners.

Having completed the installation of the ceiling beams, you can proceed to building the roof truss system. For safety reasons, temporary plank flooring is laid on the floor beams to ensure comfortable movement along the attic plane during installation of the rafters.

Installation of the rafter system

The roof rafter system can be installed using different sequence securing its elements:

• First option. It is necessary to fasten the outer pairs of rafter legs on the ground, then lift them onto the harness and install them ready-made on the gable walls of the house. And then connect them with a ridge beam, and mount the remaining pairs of rafters on it.
• Second option. To begin, install the middle posts along the gables, then fasten them with a ridge beam or board, onto which the rafters are then attached.
• Third option. In this case, pairs of rafter legs in their upper part are attached to each other with a ridge plate, and their lower side is fixed to the wall frame, which in this embodiment will act as a mauerlat.

The cross-section of beams or logs used for rafter legs must be strictly maintained - depending on the rafter length between two support points, and depending on the step between adjacent pairs of rafters

It should be noted that the attachment point for the rafters in its lower part will depend on the angle at which they are fastened to the ridge and how long they are.

If the rafter is long enough and protrudes beyond the load-bearing walls, then a notch is cut out on it, with which it will be installed on the strapping beam (). An example of such a notch is shown in the picture:

If the rafter ends at the edge load-bearing wall, then its lower edge is cut at a right angle to the Mauerlat, and the leg itself can be fixed to it using a special fastening plate, sliding support, corner, staples, nails or long screws.

If the house is very small, then after securing the rafters to the frame, tying them with ridge beams or boards, you most likely will not have to install additional supporting elements.

Detailed information about the exact details can be obtained from a special publication on our portal by following the recommended link:

For installation of additional reinforcing elements of the rafter system, the material can be selected in accordance with the recommendations indicated in the table:

Roofing system

After the rafters and additional elements will form the roof slopes, you can proceed to the installation of the subsystem for the roof deck.

• The first thing that needs to be done on the outside of the roof, after installing the rafters, is to lay a vapor barrier film, securing it first with staples and then with counter-lattice strips on the rafters.

The film is laid perpendicular to the rafters, starting from the lower eaves of the roof. The overlap between two adjacent strips must be at least 200 mm.

• The main batten is mounted perpendicular to the counter-lattice, onto which the roofing material will be attached. The installation step of the guides depends on the type and size of the sheets of roofing material.

If you choose to cover the roof soft roof, then instead of sheathing slats, the slopes are covered completely - with plywood, and then with waterproofing sheets of roofing felt, which are overlapped by 150 ÷ ​​200 mm and glued together bitumen mastic. Another option is to use soft bitumen decorative tiles, which are laid using a similar technology.

• For wooden houses The following roofing materials are most often used (depending on the steepness of the roof slope).
  

• The selected roofing material is laid and secured onto the prepared base. The work starts from the cornice, and if the first row is laid from right to left, then all other rows are installed according to the same pattern.

Some types of roofing materials have a strictly specified installation pattern in direction, which cannot be changed. This must be indicated in the instructions supplied with them.

Also, for any type of sheet roofing material, the amount of overlap in the direction of the slope (usually 150 ÷ ​​200 mm) and the number of waves (relief protrusions) in the horizontal direction along the roof are determined.

• Almost all roofing materials are secured to the sheathing using special nails or self-tapping screws with waterproofing gaskets.

• It is very important to correctly select and secure the ridge elements of the roof, otherwise it will leak at the first rain. Typically, the ridge element is selected from the same material as the covering of the roof slopes.
• Next, the eaves of the roof are finished - this can be done with wooden or plastic lining. Sometimes special plastic elements - soffits - are used for these purposes.

• Then elements of the roof drainage system are installed on the wind board - funnels, gutters on brackets, pipes, etc.

• Next, the gable sides of the rafter system are sheathed. Most often, wooden or plastic lining or even planed boards are used for this.

For the lining, a special profile is fixed around the perimeter of the pediment triangle, into which the prepared panels, cut at the desired angle, will be installed. Installation is usually done symmetrically - from the middle post to one side and then the other - then the cladding will be smooth and neat.

By the way, install the lining, Besides, you can do it horizontally, in a herringbone pattern, or come up with a more complex pattern.

Detailed information about the technology can be found in the article posted on our website by clicking on link.

Now, having finished the external finishing of the roof and being confident that rain will no longer get inside the country house, you can move on to installing windows and doors, insulation, flooring and wall cladding.

Installation of windows and doors

• Window frames are mounted in the frame openings left for them and leveled. For preliminary fixation when placing the frame, spacers made of wooden blocks or slats are installed between it and the opening bars.

Then, after checking the correct installation, the frames are attached to the wall frame with metal strips. The remaining gaps between the frame and frame bars are filled polyurethane foam. After it dries, the excess is cut off, and platbands are installed around the windows on the outside of the wall, which will close the unsightly appearance of the gaps and give neatness. general appearance house.

• It is best to install the door together with the door frame, if it has sufficient rigidity. This will make it much easier to align the entire structure with the level in the wall doorway.

It is best to install the door as a block - together with the frame and leaf

When exposing the door frame, if necessary, to achieve a clear vertical position, place wedges (inserts) from wooden slats. The door frame is secured to the frame in the same way as window frames, using metal strips, and the gap is filled with polyurethane foam.

Having installed all the windows and doors, you can proceed to installing the floor.

Installation and insulation of floors

To begin with, the temporary flooring from the boards (if there was one) is removed from the lower frame, and then you need to install the subfloor.

• To do this, on frame load-bearing beams cranial bars are nailed or screwed. They are necessary for laying transverse subfloor boards on them.

• Next, boards cut to exact size or plywood 8 ÷ 10 mm thick are laid on the skull blocks - this flooring will serve as a subfloor.
• The subfloor laid on top is closed hydro- paro— insulating film, which should cover both the load-bearing beams and the entire floor plane. Individual sheets of material are laid overlapping (by 150 ÷ ​​200 mm) and taped at the joints with waterproof tape.

• Next, the vapor barrier film is laid or filled with insulation material. If you don’t want to have neighbors who like to live under the floor, then it is better to use expanded clay of medium or fine fraction, or ecowool, to insulate the floor - these toothy pests simply do not live in such materials.

• Another layer of film membrane is laid on top of the insulation, which is nailed to the supporting beams with staples. The installation principle is exactly the same as on a subfloor.

The floor is finished!

• The entire structure is then covered with thick plywood or wooden floorboards.

Measures for additional thermal insulation

When the floor is completely ready, the walls of the house are insulated and sheathed from the inside. If the building will be used only in the warm season, then the insulation will still not hurt - it will work as an insulator of the premises from heating in extreme heat. Therefore, it is recommended to lay a thermal insulation layer not only in the walls, but also in the ceiling, and if it is missing, place insulation along the internal slopes of the roof.

• First on all the walls and ceiling beams is fixed vapor barrier material. Then the ceiling is covered with clapboard, plywood or plasterboard.
• After covering the ceiling, the walls are insulated. Insulation mats are laid between the frame posts. It is necessary to ensure that the mats fit as tightly as possible against the bars of the wall frame, so that there are no gaps left.

That is why mineral wool is most often used as insulation - after being tightly laid between the racks, it will straighten out, completely filling the entire space. The material is usually selected so that the thickness of the mats and the thickness of the frame posts are the same.

• After this, all walls are again covered with vapor barrier film.

• The next step is covering the walls with wooden paneling, plywood or. The latter, with subsequent decorative finishing walls can be painted with water-based paint or covered with wallpaper.

• Next, it is insulated attic floor, there is insulation - it is laid between the floor beams.

If the ceiling is sheathed on the side of the house with plasterboard or clapboard, then we must not forget that you cannot step on it, since the sheathing will not support the weight of a person. You must move carefully along the floor beams.

• If the attic is planned to be used for storing various garden supplies, then a flooring made of boards or plywood with a thickness of at least 10 mm should be secured on top of the insulation on the floor beams.
• The finishing touches of the interior decoration will be the installation of platbands on windows and doors, ceiling and floor skirting boards and closing the corners with fittings.

Extensions to the house

The last stages of arranging a country house are installation work on the veranda and porch.

If a place is left in advance for the veranda on the frame lying on the foundation, then a board is laid on this space to cover the floor (material for open areas is used), a fence is installed and a canopy is mounted.

If the foundation is raised high enough above the ground, then a porch is also attached to it.

Building a country house with your own hands is a completely doable task, but it will be quite difficult to do without helpers. Therefore, it is best to seek help from a knowledgeable master who has experience in such work and will always give helpful advice and will show how to correctly install certain components in the structure of the house. You can “mobilize” your relatives and friends - it is possible that a knowledgeable person will be among them.

Video: building a country house using frame technology

This category of projects is very popular not only due to its economic accessibility. Of course, not every family can afford to build a pompous three-story country mansion. Yes, this is of no use if you just need a cozy country house, which you can come to at any time of the year to spend a vacation there or holidays, or just change your surroundings on the weekend and be away from the hustle and bustle of the city. If you think through the heating system in advance and take care of thermal insulation, then such a building can function not only in the summer. There, for example, they can all year round elderly family members will live there, whose health will benefit from fresh air, and grandchildren will join them during the holidays.

The smaller the building, the more economical it is not only for the developer, but also the faster it is built and, accordingly, the sooner it is possible to arrange such housing and move in.

Advantages of small houses

• Due to its modest size, the building can be located on any site, even a very small one.
• The ability to build even on soft soils, since the load on the foundation will be insignificant.
• Compared with big house much lower energy costs (lighting and heating).
• The living space is used as efficiently as possible, the premises are designed compactly, nothing superfluous and everything is at hand.
• It is easier to equip several living rooms with everything necessary and create the greatest comfort for residents.
• You don’t have to spend a lot of time maintaining and cleaning a small house, which is especially important for older people.

Collection projects

Despite their small size and compact layout, this type of home may contain a number of additional features and amenities.

1. Glazed veranda- a mini-dacha project or an interesting house with a studio in all respects
2. Covered terrace- projects, and in various modifications.
3. Carport. Significantly simplifies the problem of parking and car safety. Possible options:
   • carport for two cars, like in a two-story cottage;
   • for one car, as in projects, or in an elegant cottage

1. Availability of a garage- houses and also two-story.
2. Attic floor. The attic in this case allows:
   • move the sleeping area to the upper tier of the house, increasing the active daytime area, as in the project and with the second light;
   • or give preference to a studio device, as in both modifications of the house and.

It is also possible to equip your home with a sauna, as in the project. This will require additional costs and increased waterproofing, but will be fully compensated by the healing and cosmetic benefits that can be obtained from regular use of a Finnish sauna.

This section of the collection consists mainly of one-story buildings. The simplicity and functionality of the planning solutions is combined with the discreet design of the facades. We can say that the motto of the “small houses” category is rationality in everything plus maximum convenience of life.

Today, living outside the city has become very fashionable. In most cases, a small house is built. It is always cozy in it, and to build it, no serious preparation is required. When it is necessary to take into account the number of floors, the construction of an extension.

Project and layout small house with attic

Basically, a house is built according to certain conditions and specific standard designs. The choice of design is made by each owner individually.

Typically, such a house has the necessary premises for living and outbuildings.

Many summer residents build with their own hands attic floors. Such a house usually reaches a maximum area of ​​60 m2. You can make your own garage in the house. This house is distinguished by its beauty and aesthetics.

When the area of ​​the house is less than 50 m2, you should not start multi-story construction. It is better to build a small house in which the whole family will be comfortable.

To build a small house, you need to follow a certain sequence:

• interior planning;
• selection of materials;
• calculation of estimates.

A small country house should have free space for three people. Therefore, such a house must have:

• two bedrooms,
• living room,
• kitchen,
• bathroom,
• utility rooms.

The garage must be located separately from the house. If you make an entrance to the garage directly from the house, then exhaust gases will definitely get inside the room. No amount of doors or insulation can help.

When choosing materials for a country house, it is best to purchase energy-saving materials: foam blocks or aerated concrete.

It is made for such materials. As a result, the costs associated with future maintenance of the house are reduced. When planning is completed, all necessary materials are selected, an estimate is drawn up and construction begins. How to build a small house with your own hands step by step.

Site selection

To build a house, you need to choose a site so that it is easy to connect to it:

• engineering Communication;
• electric wires;
• gas supply;
• water pipes;
• sewerage

We select the necessary building materials

So, the project is ready, all network organizations have accepted it. All that remains is to implement it.

Almost all projects are developed taking into account certain materials. Therefore, when choosing a project, it would be correct to immediately select the type of material.

The number of floors, the design of the heating system and the implementation of thermal insulation will depend on this.

Popular materials currently include:

• wood;
• brick;
• foam blocks;
• expanded clay

Then the walls are built. First, the corners are aligned. The first rows are laid with constant monitoring of the building level.

The cement layer is made small to reduce the energy-saving properties of the house. After the masonry walls have completely dried and become very strong, they begin laying the second floor.
If the house is one-story, a roof is installed.

It is better to install it immediately after the cement mortar has completely dried. Such a building will be reliably protected from environmental influences. First, a wooden rafter system is installed. It is designed to attach a waterproofing layer, then lay the outer covering: tiles or metal tiles.

The latest one is done interior decoration. The ceiling surface is covered with plasterboard, then everything is plastered and painting is carried out.

To obtain beautiful view install stretch ceiling. The walls are first plastered and leveled. They are covered with wallpaper or covered with decorative plaster. The choice of materials depends entirely on the individual taste of the home owner.

Increase in the pace of construction of houses for permanent residence in the nearest suburbs shows the desire of city residents for silence and a favorable environmental environment. True, we have to take into account that everything has its price: the construction of a private house involves the cost of purchasing, as well as preparing a plot of land, creating an architectural project, and paying a team of professional builders. The total costs are quite high, so spacious housing in a quiet suburb is not available to every family.

A suitable option to reduce costs is to build a mini house for year-round use. The modest size of the living space is easily compensated by the competent use of space, compact built-in furniture and laconic design.

Also, several mini-houses are turning into hotel rooms

Advantages and features of building small houses

The main advantage of choosing a small home is its low cost. For example, the construction of a miniature two-story house made of timber with dimensions of 6*6 meters in the basic configuration will cost about 400 thousand rubles. Moreover, delivery of building materials to the nearest suburbs is most often free of charge.

The compact dwelling is being built by a team of specialists within a month, so the owners of the site will be able to begin finishing and furnishing as soon as possible in order to begin using the building this season.

The costs of heating and power supply for a miniature structure are minimal, so suburban housing will not be an additional major expense.

The laconic layout of such buildings makes the most efficient use of usable space, so residential premises are built without architectural frills in the form of empty corridors, spacious halls, and dressing rooms. Projects of small houses assume that everything in them will be located compactly, the necessary things are always at hand.

Video description

An example of the interior of a mini house in the video:

Travel lovers will appreciate the design of mini trailer houses, in which you can comfortably travel long distances, saving on hotel accommodation.

Even outwardly, a mobile home can resemble an ordinary one.

Methods for creating a miniature housing project

The abundance of available information, as well as sample designs of existing houses, allow you to independently create a project for a small, cozy house, taking into account all the needs of customers. For example, for many it is important to have an open veranda or a certain layout of the living space. Typically, custom construction takes longer to complete, and some projects require additional building materials.

Functional, secure housing requires special knowledge in the field of construction technologies, therefore most specialized companies offer customers ready-made designs for small houses. A clear, detailed cost estimate, as well as the availability of all necessary premises makes standard projects the most convenient and in demand among connoisseurs of suburban beauty and silence.

Mini houses are also suitable for those who appreciate complete privacy.

Materials for building a finished structure

The final cost of construction is determined by the area, as well as the selected building materials. Depending on climatic conditions, tastes and budget of customers, one of several options is selected.

Mini houses on a frame basis

The structures are erected on a durable wooden or metal base, to which sandwich panels are attached - ready-made elements for future walls. After this, the house is insulated and Finishing work, and clients can begin to use housing.

The advantages of the technology are the speed of construction, the ability to work in any weather conditions, as well as the stability of the structure. Therefore, frame houses are suitable for muddy, marshy soils with unstable soil.

The main disadvantage of this technology is the low noise insulation of the premises. Therefore, it is worth additionally checking that the proposed projects of mini-houses on a frame basis take this feature into account. In addition, timber-framed structures are susceptible to fire.

The frame is made the same - for a small or large house

Construction of miniature wooden housing

Environmentally friendly, retaining heat well, a miniature house made of wooden beams is easily heated and provides good air exchange, creating a comfortable microclimate.

The disadvantages of the selected material include fire hazard, as well as the need to care for natural wood to preserve its performance properties. For example, the paint layer should be renewed periodically to ensure the wood maintains its appearance.

Wooden house with jacuzzi

Brick domilions

Durable and environmentally friendly brick houses They serve their owners for many decades; the material does not require any repairs or maintenance. This type of building retains heat well and has a high level of sound insulation.

The disadvantage of brick structures is their heaviness, which requires the construction of a solid foundation. In addition, the construction process takes considerable time, especially compared to the construction of frame structures.

Even small brick houses are capital construction

Residential structures made of foam blocks

Construction made from this material is reliable, frost-resistant, and external surfaces can be finished with any materials. Small houses are cheap to build from foam blocks; the material is a compromise between expensive brick and affordable frame houses.

Minus of this material consists of its large mass, due to which it is necessary to create a solid foundation.

A two-story mini house made of foam blocks has a large usable area

Options for optimal use of space in miniature houses

The owners of inexpensive small houses carefully approach the arrangement of living space in order to create comfortable housing in a modest area.

Free spaces under the stairs, as well as niches in the walls, are occupied by shelves and cabinets for storing things. Decorated with glass or wooden doors, textile curtains or roller blinds, such designs do not attract attention, complementing the interior.

Narrow built-in wardrobes, as well as miniature household appliances, occupy minimal space while maintaining full functionality.

Video description

Examples of interior solutions in the video:

The main method of saving living space is to choose compact multifunctional furniture. Folding chairs and beds, folding table tops and ottomans with built-in storage baskets will allow you to create cozy interior, adapting to the needs of the owners.

Kitchen in the interior of a mini house

An abundance of windows, mirrors, and glass elements interior visually expands the space, and vaulted ceilings visually increase the size of a modest room.

The visual perception of a small house is improved thanks to light shades in the interior design, abundance lighting fixtures, as well as the use of natural materials for finishing.

Popular projects of inexpensive small houses

The popularity of mini houses is once again confirmed by the number finished projects. Small sizes only spur the owners’ imagination in terms of interior design and appearance buildings

Homes on wheels

Mini-houses for summer cottages and traveling on wheels allow you to literally travel without leaving your home.

The dwelling, equipped in a trailer, has everything necessary for comfortable life. There are several sleeping places, storage sections and a miniature veranda. At the same time, such a house can easily be moved along with its owners.

Mobile transforming house

A full-fledged mobile home based on a wooden frame is equipped with a cozy porch, and can easily be transformed into a car trailer.

A wooden house that you can take with you

The two-story design allows you to comfortably accommodate a small family. Abundance of windows and small attic create personal space for each family member.

Two-story mobile home

If necessary, the container house on wheels “folds” so as not to damage the glass on the road. Wood paneling and insulated windows protect the owners of the structure from bad weather.

It won’t take much time to get your house ready for camping.

In a mobile house with an attic, a porch and a small hallway, you can host a group of guests if necessary. Plenty of windows and glass Entrance door provide a natural level of illumination of interior spaces.

If you don't notice the wheels, you might think it's an ordinary house.

Country mini houses

If you are not planning to live permanently at your dacha, then there is no reason to build a full-fledged house. The way out will be small country houses, inexpensive in cost, but capable of providing the necessary level of comfort on vacation.

A bright miniature house with large windows allows you to comfortably spend warm summer evenings. The modest size accommodates a mini kitchen, a sleeping area and a work desk.

With a well-thought-out layout, small sizes are not felt

The round house, decorated with tiles, is equipped with several windows and one glass wall. The design is ideal for relaxation during seasonal living on a purchased summer cottage.

In such a house you feel like the hero of a science fiction novel

A wooden house with a rounded roof is a cozy, durable analogue of a camping tent. A durable floor and roof finishing with metal tiles will protect the owners from weather conditions. If you bring it to your home necessary communications, then you can use it in the cold season.

The veranda fits perfectly into the layout of the house

The letterbox type design combines original solution and minimum set necessary functions. The lack of light in the room is easily compensated for by additional electric lamps.

You can’t blame a house like this for being unoriginal.

The converted construction shed is a functional house with an area of ​​11 meters, equipped with everything necessary for life. The mini kitchen has a traditional window above the sink.

Everyone has their own associations with this design.

Full houses of small sizes

Small full-fledged houses are most often needed in two cases: if you need to save on construction, but do not want to sacrifice quality, or if there is limited space on the site. In any case, you can choose a worthy project that will solve all the tasks.

The stone two-story house with a balcony and porch is stylized as a half-timbered construction technology based on wooden beams. Thanks to the spacious layout, the house can permanently accommodate up to three people.

The attic completely replaces the second floor

The project of a small two-story house with a veranda and a balcony is the best option for living on a summer cottage in the summer.

Modern layout combining living room and kitchen

A miniature copy of a classic mansion with a terrace and columns will accommodate a small family, and the peaked roof will add additional flavor.

The house looks great on the site

Mini version of a standard country house with an entrance hall, porch and common area big room– an option for country housing for budget-conscious owners. Traditional siding will protect the walls of the house from moisture.

American style house

• The rectangular design of the house with glass walls and a wide canopy will give the owners a good overview of the surrounding area. If necessary glass walls closed with wooden shutters, which replace paths in good weather.

House project for fans of non-standard solutions

• Domillion with attached garage and two separate rooms represents suitable option for year-round use.

House layout for full use of usable space

And also, on our website you can get acquainted with the most popular projects small houses from construction companies, presented at the exhibition of Low-Rise Country houses.

Conclusion

Building a small house will not cost much, and will also allow the owners to save time and money. In addition, the variety of materials and ready-made projects will allow you to create a functional and cozy home in a minimal area. Domilions are not only an option for temporary residence during the construction of a permanent house, but also good way save on maintenance of suburban real estate.

In order to build a spacious, functional and practical house, it is not necessary to have a huge territory. If you inherited a small plot or your budget does not allow you to purchase a large one, there is always the opportunity to equip your cozy nest even on small area.

Design of a future building

To build a truly comfortable and comfortable home on a small or narrow plot of land, without taking up space with unnecessary or little-used rooms, partitions, spaces and other construction solutions, it is necessary to prepare a carefully thought-out project, including well-organized internal and external zoning.

If you have no experience in this matter, it is better to seek help from qualified specialists who will offer either a ready-made standard solution or design individual project, taking into account your wishes.

Sometimes, all ideas and wishes for construction can be limited by the composition of the soil or the terrain. It is important to pay attention to these issues and, when designing, use regulatory documents in order to avoid future destruction of the foundation or walls of the building.

Advantages of small plots

A small plot has a number of advantages:

1. It does not require large capital investments. The more compact the site, the lower the costs not only for its arrangement, but also for subsequent maintenance;
2. In addition, due to the limited territory, outbuildings, if planned, will be located nearby, everything will be at hand, which will create comfort in maintaining the territory;
3. It is easier to create coziness and decoration within a small space;
4. Caring for the local area will not require much time and effort. You won't have to spend hours getting rid of weeds or mowing vast lawns. Creating and maintaining order will be a feasible task for people of all ages.

If you want to build a spacious house on a small plot, it is important to rationally use the available space. If there are many residents, and you need a lot of rooms and free space, you will have to build a cottage on two or three floors. This option is optimal for small areas, although it will cost significantly more than the construction of a one-story building.

Additional rooms in the cottage can be located not only in the attic, but also underground. That is, to provide ground floor. This solution is ideal if you also need storage rooms, a cellar, a billiard room, Gym, sauna... What can I say, you can also place a garage in the basement, thereby saving space for it on the site.

The size of the house must be proportional to the size of the plot, otherwise there may be a violation of SNiP standards, which is fraught with inspections and fines. The ideal ratio is 1 to 8 or 1 to 10, although if you do not need additional buildings, seedlings, or landscaping, you can build a house with a larger area - the main thing is not to violate the norms of distances from the boundaries of neighboring plots.

It is better not to place the house in the middle of the existing territory, but to move it slightly to the side or to the far borders. This will allow you to locate all the necessary auxiliary buildings, lay out a garden, organize a vegetable garden or a gazebo for relaxation.

A non-standard solution is to build a house on stilts, where on the first level there will be a parking lot or a summer kitchen. It is also appropriate to place an open veranda or canopy near the building - this will create a spacious and at the same time functional room.

As a rule, small houses and cottages are built on two floors with a flat or gable roof. Solutions with attic or complex sloping roofs are less popular, as they “eat up” space. In addition to installing expensive skylights, you will significantly reduce the area of ​​​​the premises under the roof.

If you build a cottage according to one-story project, then this will not require additional space costs for arranging stairs, but it is not beneficial if it is necessary to place it in the house large quantity rooms. In addition, laying out the foundation for a 2-story building is cheaper. Despite the need for increased strength, its area is required in half - hence the savings.

To save space, the kitchen, dining room and living room can be combined, thereby making the room more spacious. It is also easy to place a mezzanine here, which does not take up much space, but is an excellent place to store all kinds of home accessories.

The presence of large windows and good bright lighting will visually expand the wall and raise the ceilings. For this purpose, it is better to place rooms on the south side. In this case, it is recommended to maintain a floor-to-window ratio of 8:1, otherwise winter period there will be more high costs for heating.

To make the house spacious, rational placement and selection of furniture is important. Folding tables, built-in pantries, cabinets, and household appliances, well-combined kitchens will help significantly save space.

It makes no sense to overload small cottages with unnecessary decor, facing materials, massive heavy curtains - all this will visually reduce the space and interfere with comfortable living. Post only the most necessary furniture, plumbing fixtures and equipment. Decorate the windows with compact blinds or translucent curtains, decorate the walls in light shades - all this will help make the rooms as spacious and practical as possible.

A good solution would be to raise the ceilings as much as possible (make them high) - this will not only make each room more spacious, but will also allow you to create multi-tiered interior solutions.

How to make a house economical?

The square shape of the house is the most energy efficient, since there are no so-called “cold bridges” on the facades that form during construction complex elements: arches, bay windows, ledges, etc. Than simpler design, the more efficiently it retains heat, and in addition it also ensures financial efficiency.

Special expenses are required for the installation of communications and pipelines for hot and cold water supply. In one-story houses, it is better to provide several bathrooms located in different parts building. In order not to stretch the pipes along the entire length, clearly marked water inlets and outlets are made. For the same reason, the kitchen and bathrooms are usually located nearby. When planning two or more storey houses, bathrooms are placed one above the other, thereby reducing the length of water and sewer pipes.

Usage plastic windows allow you to glaze significant parts of the walls and at the same time retain precious heat during the cold season.

It is not necessary to build a house from brick or reinforced concrete monolithic blocks. Pay attention to the tree. For example, rounded logs or beams. Heating small houses made of wood is not expensive at all. They hold heat well.

In addition, wood has minimal weight compared to other building materials, which, even when building a three-story house, will help reduce the load on the ground and eliminate expensive monolithic foundation. For such cases will do strip foundation or pile foundation, the construction of which is several times cheaper.

On a flat roof they often equip winter gardens, swimming pools, recreation areas, sports areas. In addition to the original design, this allows you to save space inside the house itself.

1. If, when designing, we exclude from the plan corridors and halls, which, in fact, are non-residential space, it will be possible to reduce total area home and make a large kitchen and bedrooms;
2. When constructing basement and basement floors, first study the height of groundwater and, if necessary, additionally organize drainage pipes, clay pads or other waterproofing structures to avoid flooding;
3. If possible, the house should be built close to water sources in order to efficiently lay communications. You need to think in advance about organizing a sewer or cesspool;
4. One wall in the house can be designed without windows - this will help place it close to the fence and save the area of ​​free space;
5. Take advantage of the advice of architects and builders - they will help make your future home as constructive and multifunctional as possible, as well as the services of experienced builders who will save you from carrying out independent installation work and attracting heavy equipment;
6. It is advisable to place a garage for a car separately from the cottage, preferably with a gate facing directly onto the road, which is permissible according to the standards. This will help you avoid making additional entrances to it and use the free area for something else;
7. Provide a route - this is the optimal solution for creating additional space without compromising the overall area.

Conclusion

In order to build a spacious house on small area land, in harmony with the surrounding area and not violating the norms, it is not necessary to build it up and down. It is enough to plan the future premises well and rationally arrange their decoration, lighting and place all the necessary furniture and accessories. Such a house will not only be spacious and cozy, but thanks to its small area, it will be easy to maintain, economical to maintain and easy to plan.

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