Which boiler to choose in the apartment. How to choose a water heater? How to choose a storage electric water heater. Necessary and convenient additional functions
To provide a private house or cottage hot water used frequently electric water heater. How to choose an electric storage water heater? To do this, it is necessary to take into account a number of factors, pay attention to the main parameters of the equipment.
A little about the device
An electric storage water heater is a tank inside which a heating element (or heating element) is located. In some models, two heating elements are installed (as a rule, in large volume tanks).
Electric instantaneous water heaters
Key Benefits instantaneous water heaters are: small size, so they can be easily connected close to a water point and automatically turn on only when the tap is turned off - they are energy efficient. No storage loss warm water in the tank and its flow over long distances in pipes.
Advantages of flow models
As electrical appliances they have the advantage over gaseous gas - they do not require special gas connections, do not require properly ventilated rooms or stove design. Their work is safe, does not cause an explosion and does not deteriorate.
Cold water enters storage capacity device and heats up there to the temperature set by the user (50-85 degrees), after which it is maintained in automatic mode. When the faucet is opened, hot water flows out, and the tank is refilled with cold liquid. Heating elements are connected and heat the incoming water.
The volume of the boiler at the electric heater can vary from 10 to 200 liters, the power of the heating element is from 1.2 to 2.5 kW. Depending on these 2 parameters, the water heating time is also determined. Naturally, larger containers require longer heating times.
Device, principle of operation and installation of flow equipment
The most popular are washbasin heaters, which are sold immediately with a faucet and hang over the washbasin. There are small ones that allow you to hide them in the closet under the sink and at the same time e-mail. 6 kW current, allows you to get a stream of water that allows you to wash a small amount of dishes.
Heavy heaters
Each of the listed three-phase heaters should be discussed separately. The need for this article only needs to be emphasized that choosing an electrically driven heater has two main benefits: energy savings and cleaner consumption comfort. It is also worth remembering the power of choice - for bathing in the shower 12 kW is enough, the water must be filled with 18 kW of water. The instantaneous heaters described above have all the advantages of their own, have some disadvantages: they have a relatively high power, and everyone who goes with them requires proper electrical wiring.
Modern kettle with a power of 2.4 kW
It looks like an electric water heater (power consumption 1.5-2 kW)
Comparative table of Termex boilers: volume, power, heating time
Pressure water heaters and tanks with heat exchangers
Unfortunately, this is often a difficult technical barrier, and then there are space heaters. The capacity of floor heaters allows them to be connected to simple electrical sockets. The main criterion for the installation is its capacity. The upper part describes the equipment that directly heats the water. However, with sufficient boiler central heating it can be used for this purpose. In this situation, an indirect boiler is installed with or without an electrical installation. heating element. A boiler with a heat exchanger serves to store and store warm water, such as a heat exchanger.
To prevent the formation of corrosion inside the tank, a special magnesium anode is installed. Also, the device of an electric water heater includes a thermostat that allows you to set the heating temperature, a heat-insulating layer that helps to preserve heat, safety valve designed for bleed overpressure in the tank.
The use of large capacity water heaters with or without heat exchangers is of particular importance in large systems, such as 2 bathrooms, and the use of comfort requires the use of warm water circulation. This coil usually has a larger surface area and heating power than a horizontal boiler with a heat exchanger, and vertical installation gives a much better distribution of water temperature in the tank.
To do optimal choice, it is worth contacting a specialist. You will select if you meet the following requirements. Air conditioner selection. The power of an air conditioner is measured in kW and is one of the main criteria for choosing the right air conditioner. Knowing the power you need will make it easier for you to take advantage of the many models you have to offer.
Connecting an electric boiler
Modern devices are produced with two types of heating elements: “dry” and “wet”. The second option is a classic heating element, made in the form of a boiler. Such a heating element is in contact with water. Consists of a spiral placed in a tube different configuration. The tube is made of copper or stainless steel, filled with insulating material inside.
Suggestion: for the air conditioner, please trust our company's specialist who will arrive on the site for free and choose necessary equipment for desired premises. Manufacturer's choice. Knowing the correct condition of the air conditioner, it remains to choose the manufacturer of the air conditioner, as well as the type. Japanese air conditioner manufacturers are the most valuable and reliable, but their price is quite high. AT recent times Chinese, Korean and Thai manufacturers pay much more attention to quality and reliability.
But the choice of air conditioners is not as important as the name of the manufacturer, as far as specifications. Wall, cassette, duct or duct. Choose air conditioners based on features and specifications that only apply to you. Depending on the manufacturer of the air conditioner and the type, they may differ in their technical characteristics, functions, design and at no cost. For right choice two air conditioners important moments: Choose air conditioners based only on the parameters and features that are important to you.
Photos of Termex boilers: small, large
Boiler with electronic control and liquid crystal display
"Dry" heating element does not come into contact with heated water. It is placed in a special hermetic case resembling a flask. A "dry" heating element is more reliable: it is not subject to corrosion and scale settling, and excludes electric shock in case of destruction or short circuit. In addition, the service life and heat transfer of such a heating element is better.
Don't overpay for something you don't actually use. Correctly assess your financial capabilities when choosing a manufacturer. The level of external and internal block noise. Compressor type Regular air conditioner operates on an on-off principle: after reaching the set temperature, the air conditioner turns off and turns on again only when the room temperature is higher set temperature. The inverter has a slightly different effect: it can even change the power, increase it to reach the desired temperature, and slowly decrease the power to maintain the temperature.
Electric storage devices have a number of advantages:
- Minimum electricity costs. Even devices with a large tank require only 1.5-2 kW of electricity.
- No additional wiring required.
- Providing hot water to several consumers at once.
Have water heaters and disadvantages:
The main advantages of inverter air conditioners. Non-rechargeable power supply, especially when starting. Efficient air distribution will help you eliminate drafts, temperature imbalances and other discomforts. Operating range of equipment, depending on temperature environment. When purchasing air conditioners, be sure to find out the lowest ambient temperature limits for which it can still operate. For this heat pump this ambient temperature range is of particular importance when operating in heating mode.
- High cost compared to other types of devices.
- Large dimensions.
- If the water consumption is high or when it is first turned on, it takes a long time to heat up.
Despite these shortcomings, electric water heaters are very popular.
How to choose the right electric water heater
The right choice of water heater will provide the house with constant availability hot water. What should be considered when choosing? Which device to choose? It is important to pay attention to the following criteria:
About equipment power
Don't pay for what you won't use. Consider which features are most important to you. Basically, the price depends on the manufacturer and type. Always think carefully about being willing to pay extra for your name just because your relative or neighbor has it.
Air conditioner operation. Don't set too much low temperature. The cold will not bring any benefit to your health. When the air conditioner is in cooling mode, make sure that the room is not exposed to direct sun rays. Keep curtains and blinds closed. Close windows and doors to keep the air cool. If the front of the air conditioner is exposed to direct sunlight, or if there is a bright indoor light, signals from the remote control may not be received.
- The volume of the water heater. The volume should be calculated taking into account the number of residents and the number and type of water intake points. Naturally, the washbasin and shower differ in the amount of water consumed. Accordingly, five people will pour out much more water than one. On average, one person consumes the following amount of water:
- washbasin - 6 - 18 liters of water;
- kitchen sink - 20 - 30 liters;
- bath - 150 - 180 liters;
- shower - 50 - 100 liters.
- tank material. Electric water heaters are available in enamel and stainless steel. Enamelled tanks are cheaper, but stainless steel tanks will last longer and be more reliable.
- The shape and dimensions of the device. It is necessary to choose such water heaters that harmoniously fit into the room, successfully fit into the intended place. It is worth noting that it is necessary to leave 30 cm below and 10 cm above the free space.
- Power. Power depends primarily on the volume of the tank. You should also consider the condition of the wiring. In some models, two heating elements are installed. One, as a rule, has a higher power.
- Manufacturer. It is recommended to pay attention to the manufacturer of the electric storage water heater. You should choose devices from manufacturers that are well-known and that have long established themselves in the market with better side. Imported equipment is more expensive than domestic. However, this does not mean that Russian water heaters are inferior to foreign products.
And a little more about the choice
In addition to the main parameters, it is recommended to take into account other characteristics. You should pay attention to the type of heating element ("dry" or "wet"), and the degree of protection of the water heater. The degree of protection, according to the International Protection Class system, is indicated by the letters IP and two numbers. The first digit characterizes the degree of protection of the device against damage by various foreign objects, the second digit indicates the class of protection against moisture penetration.
Clean filters regularly. This will not only help you clean the air effectively, but also help prevent air conditioner pollution. If you do not have access to qualified personnel, cleaning the filter can be done with a vacuum cleaner or simply rinse warm water. If you plan to stop using the air conditioner for a long time, run it in ventilation mode to dry the inside and prevent bad smell the next time you turn on the air conditioner.
It is believed that family 4 is sufficient for 125 liters of water heater. Electric heaters water heating water only uses electricity and combined water heaters operate using electricity and energy from solid fuel or gas boiler, heated housing, so that combined heaters for hot water for cooking are cheaper than electric ones, depending on the fuel used for residential heating.
The material from which it is made, and its thickness indicate the duration of maintaining water at a given temperature. The most commonly used foam rubber or foamed polyurethane. It is better to choose thermal insulation from rigid polyurethane foam with a thickness of 50 mm. You can also opt for a thickness of 35-40 mm.
And a couple of words about management. On the outside there is an on / off button for the device, an on indicator, a thermostat regulator, a temperature scale (not available in all devices). More expensive models can be equipped with LCD displays and touch controls, additional options that make it easier to control the operation of the water heater.
Water heaters must always maintain the temperature of the set water temperature, at any time where hot water is, the water is ready to drink. Therefore, the energy consumption of a hot water heater depends not only on the amount of water consumed per day, but also on maintaining the energy consumption at the desired water temperature - the so-called heat loss. Heat loss due to water heaters structural characteristics and properties of the material from which the heaters are made. If the water heater is thick enough wall and the wall is underfilled with low conductivity material containing thermal material, such water heater for cooling is faster and requires more energy to heat water continuously to the temperature according to what we want.
Tables of water consumption when using a boiler
So choose electric storage water heater simple enough. The main thing is to evaluate required power and the volume of the device, which will provide the house with the required amount of warm water.
Choice for specific needs
At the same or very similar to the structure of the heater, but the heater increases the stored amount of treated water increases the heat loss due to the increased size of the heater, and thus the outer surface around which circulates is usually held below the temperature of the air heater.
Thus, electric and combined water heater energy efficiency is determined by the rate of heat loss - the more heat loss through the day, the less energy efficient water heater. These heaters also have direct water heating Electrical connector in case of higher hot water consumption there will not be enough ambient energy for a given period of time to raise the water temperature to the required level.
About storage electric water heaters. Video
Why is there a water heater in the apartment? Perhaps this question did not torment those who, during the traditional summer shutdowns of hot water, travel to distant countries. But most of the inhabitants of our country, who managed to purchase a heater, managed to appreciate the benefits of a hot shower at any time of the year and day.
In addition, water heaters can be equipped solar panels, which has excellent performance and relatively low installation cost, so are recommended for our domestic customers. Even though water heaters are used in almost every city in the central heating system systems and their energy-producing heat in the apartment are not connected, requirements energy efficiency there is not enough ambition for water heaters.
Heater control mechanism. Gear mechanisms help to avoid excessive water heating and waste energy, due to constant all day long, without being at home, no need to maintain set temperature. The time relay and thermostat system can turn on the water heater before returning to the family after work at home or before the morning before the family.
How to choose a water heater for an apartment? To do this, it is not enough to come to the store and compare prices. It is worth knowing that the devices run on gas and electricity, differ in volume, performance, type of installation and position, material, and many other parameters. AT modern apartments rarely used gas water heaters, especially large volumes. Therefore, we will dwell on the popular electrical models, defining best options for different conditions.
Flow devices are compact and inexpensive. Such a heater will fit perfectly in a cabinet under the kitchen sink and will not take up much space on the bathroom wall. Installation takes a minimum of time. With such an "assistant" you do not have to wash dishes and hands in cold water. The jet, passing through the heating element, at the outlet has a temperature of 35-40 degrees, sufficient for a comfortable shower.
But along with all the advantages of these silent units, there is significant shortcoming- high power consumption. That's why flow models are more suitable for economical seasonal use during periods of hot water shutdown and for apartments in which various reasons at night, cold water runs out of the hot water tap.
Note! If the wiring in your apartment has not changed since Soviet Union, it is better to refrain from purchasing an instantaneous water heater or to completely replace the electrical cables.
Flowing water heaters are produced in two versions - one- and three-phase. Also, the models differ in the principle of operation - pressure and non-pressure.
- single phase devices are more popular, the power is usually from 4 to 8 kW, less often 12 kW.
- Three-phase equipment is considered professional, costs several times more and is rarely installed in apartments. Such water heaters differ from single-phase ones not only in power, design, functionality, but also in the possibility of simultaneously serving several water points at once.
Pressure
Pressure water heaters flow type very simple and do not require special care/maintenance. They almost instantly heat the water jet, starting to work as soon as the tap is opened. Such products are installed directly in the water riser.
Popular manufacturers of quality water heaters:StiebelEltron,Vaillant,Siemens,aeg,Unitherm,Clage, Timberk.
Video - Overview of instantaneous water heaters Timberk Watermaster
Non-pressure
Non-pressure instantaneous water heaters are installed next to the source of water intake, can be equipped with a shower and spout. A big plus of the pressureless is mobility. Such a device can be quickly installed if necessary and removed when the need for hot water disappears. But it is worth knowing that non-pressure water heaters differ very much. low power. Those. at the outlet of heated water there will be no more than 1-3 liters per second, or the water will not warm up enough. Another drawback lies in the design - over time, the heat transfer of the heating element may decrease.
In order to comfortably take a shower, it is worth purchasing a heater with a power of 8 kW or more, but such devices require high-quality wiring and mandatory grounding.
Instruction for Atmor Basic 5 kW
Video - Features of the choice of instantaneous water heaters
A little about performance
Productivity as the number of heated volumes of water per unit of time is always indicated by manufacturers. However, for models of a low price category, this indicator may be underestimated, because. incoming water t=20°С is taken into account, while in Russian apartments the flow temperature in the pipes rarely rises above 15 degrees. Large companies, on the contrary, underestimate the performance indicator, taking into account the minimum temperature of the incoming water (only 10 ° C).
Therefore, it is worth buying high-quality products of well-known brands, bypassing shelves with cheap products, even if the latter has fabulous performance indicators in the description.
Water heaters for an apartment
Flow-accumulating devices are great for use in apartments. Water heaters are connected to a regular shower hose and a standard 220 V socket. Even a housewife can handle the installation. The power of compact water heaters is small (about 2.5 kW), but in just half an hour a sufficient amount of heated water will accumulate in the tank, which is enough to take a shower.
Popular manufacturers:"Etalon" and "Termex".
Price range: 5-7 thousand rubles
Table. Characteristics of ETALON MK 15 Combi
Storage water heaters or boilers are devices that not only heat, but also maintain the temperature of water for a long time. You can use heated water even if the heater is disconnected from the mains. One water heater is enough to serve all the bathrooms. appliances in the apartment.
Boilers are much more convenient to use than flow devices, but they take up more space, and installation is a lot important nuances. Such a device cannot be simply removed from the wall and hidden in a closet when the need for alternative source hot water will disappear.
How to choose tank volume
The volume of the tank acceptable for an apartment is from 50 to 100 liters. This supply of water is enough for a family of two to four adults and small child. If the periods of hot water shutdown are short-term and it is planned to use hot water only for domestic needs, it is worth installing a more compact 30-liter boiler.
To calculate the approximate daily volume of water consumed, it is best to check the readings of water meters, checking the readings at 24-hour intervals. Approximate volume required water for 1 day for 1 person is 230-300 liters. Since the water in the boiler is heated to 75-85 degrees, after which it is diluted with a cold stream, the output is 2 times more warm water than was heated by the device. Based on this, it will be enough for one user to turn on a 50-liter heater twice a day to provide himself with warm water for the whole day.
| Consumer | Cumulative | flowing | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Capacity | Popular Models | Performance | Popular Models | |
| 2 adults | 30 liters | ELECTROLUX EWH 30 Centurio Digital H (2000 W, horizontal, 10600 rubles). ELECTROLUX EWH 30 Quantum Slim (1500 W, vertical, 5100 rubles). TIMBERK SWH FSM5 30 V (2000 W, vertical, 12000 rubles). | 3-4 liters per minute | AEG MP 6 (16,500 rubles, 6 kW). |
| 2 adults + 1 child | 30-50 liters | THERMEX FLAT DIAMOND TOUCH ID 50 V (1300 W, vertical, 12500 rubles). TIMBERK SWH FSM5 50 V (2000 W, vertical, 14100 rubles). | 4 liters per minute | Stiebel Eltron DHC 8 (18300 rubles, 8 kW). |
| 4 adults | 50-80 liters | GORENJE OTG80SLSIMBB6 (2000 W, vertical, 13100 rubles). BAXI SV 580 (vertical, 1200 W, 7300 rubles). | 5 liters per minute | Stiebel Eltron DHF 12 C1 (12 kW, 27900). |
| 5-6 adults | 100-120 liters | ARISTON ABS PRO R 100 V (1500 W, vertical, 7000 rubles). THERMEX FLAT DIAMOND TOUCH ID 100 V (18400 rubles, vertical, 1300 W). | 7 liters per minute | Stiebel Eltron DHF 21 C (21 kW, 25900 rubles). |
Mounting method
Boilers are mounted on the wall in a vertical or horizontal position, installed in niches, under kitchen sinks or on the floor. The latter type of installation is typical only for large-sized models with a volume of 150 liters or more. Horizontal boilers are more convenient and compact, but more expensive than vertical ones.
The hidden location of the heater under the sink is very convenient, but most often boilers are hung on the wall in the toilet or bathroom, next to the plumbing. This is due to the design of devices that differ in the type of liner (upper or lower).
Tank
Boiler tanks are made of steel (including stainless steel), less often - copper (very expensive devices), as well as with coatings of bioglass porcelain, glass ceramics, enamel, titanium enamel. A novelty is a coating with silver ions AG + from Ariston, which not only protects the metal from corrosion, but also has a pronounced antibacterial effect.
When purchasing a tank, it is important to pay attention to the quality of its thermal insulation. The best materials- polyurethane and polyurethane foam. The thicker the insulation (optimally 35 mm), the longer water in the tank will remain hot, the less electricity will be spent. The low weight of a volumetric device will indicate a poor quality of thermal insulation. Such models are cheap and suitable for rare short-term use in cases of seasonal or emergency shutdowns email energy.
The low weight of the device will additionally indicate the unsatisfactory quality (small thickness) of the internal tank. Thin layer enamel will crack quickly. When choosing, it is worth comparing several models of the same displacement, paying attention to their weight and making sure that better products weigh > 10% more.
TEN and its power
A heating element is a heating element that is made of carbon or alloy steel, copper, etc. Heating elements are dry (mounted in a sealed flask) and wet (contact with water, heating it). The heating element must have a place for attaching the magnesium anode.
In vertical boilers, straight heating elements are more often installed, in horizontal ones - long curved ones. It is better to choose a heating element with the greatest length. Because short heating element is different high temperature surface heating and rapid scale formation.
Fastening is carried out either with a ¼ nut or a flange (diameter 42-72 mm, thread M4, 5, 6 or 8).
Conclusion: for installation in an apartment, it is better to choose a water heater with a heating element with a power of 2 kW, a large surface area, made of copper or “dry” (with a bulb of steatite).
Service
Boilers require periodic maintenance:
- cleaning the inner tank and heating elements from scale;
- magnesium anode replacement.
Depending on the quality of the water, maintenance is recommended once every 1-2 years.
- Estimate your budget and frequency of use of the device. Expensive equipment lasts longer, but there is no need to spend a huge amount on a water heater that will be used 2-3 days a year.
- Consider where you will install the water heater. Measure the wall with a tape measure and check if it can support the weight of the device. The dimensions of the water heaters are indicated in the instructions. The position and type of wiring are selected based on the free space in the room. Flat horizontal devices are aesthetic and compact, while vertical ones in the form of cylinders are cheaper. The volume of the water heater should be chosen based on the number of users.
- Pay attention to all technical specifications. Specify the power of the heating element, the material of manufacture of the parts, the thickness of the thermal insulation (for boilers), the type of coating, the heating time, etc.
- The interface should be clear, and the control should be convenient. The best water heaters equipped remote control and have an electronic panel on the body.
- Purchase equipment of famous brands with a significant warranty period. Don't forget to learn about service center, installation and cost of spare parts.
We remind you that the water heater is purchased at long years. Take your time with the choice, compare prices and water heaters.
Video - Choosing a water heater
