​Similar articles​

​not a tree

​Therefore​

​in greenhouses, in​	Fig propagation	​Figs​
​Nikitsky​	In its homeland (in a warm southern climate), the fig tree is pollinated by a very small blastophage wasp and is dioecious, that is, female and male flowers are on different trees. The structure has one amazing feature - the flowers are inside the fruit. Pollination can only be carried out by such a small insect that climbs inside, thereby transferring pollen from one plant to another. There are varieties that do not need pollination - parthenocarpic, they are used for growing in tubs, as well as in areas where there are no blastophagous wasps. ​	​Brunswick (Chapla)​
	​Young individuals need annual replanting because their root system grows very quickly. Transplantation is carried out in the spring before the leaves bloom. Trees that have reached 7 years old are replanted every 3 years. New pot should be a few centimeters larger than the old one. In a container that is too spacious, the root system will develop rapidly, which will negatively affect fruiting. When replanting, add about 3 cm of drainage to the bottom of the pot. Replant the plant so that the root collar remains on the surface. The transplanted tree is placed in a well-lit place.

How to grow fruiting figs at home

The fig tree has been used in potted culture since the 16th century. Figs grown at home produce tasty, healthy fruits that are not inferior in their valuable properties to garden and wild figs. The indoor fig tree is compact in size, unpretentious, grows well on the windowsill and bears fruit twice a year.​

​grow​

​figs​

Houseplant fig at home

​middle lane​

Caring for indoor figs

​Parthenocarpic varieties are propagated by cuttings, which can be easily rooted in sand or light soil consisting of 50% sand and 50% peat (or turf soil). ​

​Sochi No. 7​

- ribbed figs, pear-shaped, light brown in color, weighing up to 120 g.

The homeland of the fig tree is Asia Minor. In a subtropical climate

​. The fruits are pear-shaped, asymmetrical, light green or light brown, violet-red on the sunny side, weighing up to 100 g.​

​Figs​

​The formation of the crown plays an important role in the development and fruiting of the crop. In addition, if pruning is not carried out in time, figs in indoor conditions can reach large sizes. It is better to form a crown before the buds swell. In young individuals, 3-4 developed branches are left, the rest are removed. When the plant reaches a height of 20-30 cm, the top is pinched to stimulate the development of lateral branches, which are shortened by 1/3 of their length. Shortening the upper branches is necessary so that the lower shoots become stronger. Pruning is carried out in such a way that the upper buds are directed not to the center of the crown, but to the sides. Correct and regular pruning helps create a beautiful crown, consisting of 3-4 vertical branches and many side shoots.​

Propagation is done by seeds or cuttings. It is recommended to purchase several seedlings, which are grown and then propagated by cuttings, or use ready-made cuttings. The seed method of propagating fig trees is no less popular. However, when propagated by cuttings, the crop bears fruit faster.​

​there is a high probability that in...​

Diseases and pests of figs indoors

​better​

udec.ru

Figs: growing in the middle zone

​Home · Garden - pear-shaped fruits yellow color with a matte finish, weighing up to 60 g.​ ​Figs​​figs are grown

​In the open ground of the southern regions of Russia or in greenhouse conditions the above varieties can produce 2 harvests per year, and at home on the windowsill, with additional lighting, some of them (for example,

• ​Brown Turkey​ ​You can form the crown in the form of a fan. Fan pruning is quite popular among gardeners, as it increases the yield of the tree and its decorative appearance. The formation of the crown begins with pinching the apical bud. The shoots directed into the crown and thickening it are removed, the horizontal branches on which most of the crop is formed are left. With fan pruning, several main branches remain, located horizontally to the plane and parallel to each other. All cuts are made above the kidney. After such pruning, the number of new, fruit-bearing shoots increases.

• ​To grow homemade figs, low-growing, self-pollinating varieties are used:​ ​Figs​ ​grow​

• ​Jul 23, 2007​ ​Figs​ ​Figs​
• ​Kadota -​ ​as a fruit tree in industrial conditions for a long time. There are known finds dating back more than 4,000 years. In ancient times, during military campaigns, warriors were content with a handful of figs and raisins, but this was enough to give strength. This product has high nutritional value, rich in various nutrients, microelements, has up to 40% sugar. The fruits come to our market in dried form. The fig cannot be transported fresh, and it seems that we will not be able to enjoy it. But everything is possible if desired. Thanks to the emergence of new varieties and the use of temporary shelters, the fig tree has found a place of residence in areas with a temperate climate.​​Sochi No. 7​ - Considered one of the most winter-hardy varieties, it can withstand short-term temperature drops down to -20°C. Very productive. Fruits​If all growing and caring conditions are met, the fig tree begins to bear fruit in the second year. In a year, a houseplant fig can produce 1-2 harvests. The fruits of the first harvest are formed on last year's shoots, the second harvest - on young shoots of the current year. The first fruiting occurs in July, the second in September. The fruit ripening period lasts from two weeks to one month. Ripe fruits become soft and begin to secrete sweet juice from their eyes.​
• ​Shuisky​ ​it is possible​ ​on a narrow
• ​…​ ​– features​ ​Brunswick (Chapla)​ The fig fruits of this variety are pear-shaped, ribbed, greenish-yellow or yellow-brown in color. Weigh about 100 g.​ ​Photos of figs (enlarged)​​) they give more. Typically, the first harvest ripens in July, and the second from August to October. Fruits from the first harvest are usually larger than fruits harvested the second time.​
• ​Brown Turkey​ ​Indoor fruiting figs with unusual dissected leaves will become not only a crop that produces tasty, healthy fruits, but also spectacular decoration room, terrace or garden plot.​​White Adriatic​
• ​grow​ ​strip​ ​How to wrap a pomegranate and​

​. The fruits are pear-shaped, asymmetrical, light green or light brown, violet-red on the sunny side, weighing up to 100 g.​​Figs​

​Experience of wintering figs in the garden​

​regular pear-shaped, red-brown in color, weighing up to 100 g.​

Figs rarely get sick indoors, but can sometimes be exposed to diseases and pests. The most common pest of this crop is the spider mite, which develops in heating season when the indoor air is warm and dry. In order to prevent spider mite infestations, plants and the air around them are sprayed daily. Having discovered a pest on a tree, the lesions are washed off with strong pressure cold water, spray the leaves and trunk with Actellik solution. A week later, this procedure is repeated. Among fungal diseases, the fig tree is susceptible to coral spotting, which appears as small reddish dots on the stems of the plant. The affected shoots are cut out, the tree is treated with foundation, a solution Bordeaux mixture or a solution of potassium manganese.​

​Muason​

​not only in​

​soil, about 50 - 60 cm wide, for example, between a wall and a concrete path.​

​figs​

​Russia...for the winter allows you to plant it up to

​In the open ground of the southern regions of Russia or in greenhouse conditions, the above varieties can produce 2 harvests per year, and at home on the windowsill, with additional lighting, some of them (for example,

​Brown Turkey​

​Growing figs outdoors in the garden is available in many areas. And where it will not be so warm, you can simply place the plant in a tub in the house. The fig is quite winter-hardy, withstands long-term frosts down to - 15˚C. There are varieties that can withstand -20˚С, but not long-term, but short-term frosts. This is taken into account when leaving. Select cozy places, sheltered from the cold northern winds. In more northern regions, which do not quite meet wintering conditions, they do it simply - figs are grown in open ground as a cover crop. The fig tree also has an amazing feature - it quickly recovers, that is, produces new growth instead of those killed by frost. ​

supersadovnik.ru

Growing figs in open ground in the garden (fig tree) - Berries - Vegetable garden, garden, flower garden - Catalog of articles - Good advice - vegetable garden, garden, home.

Unfortunately, there are no varieties of figs that could withstand thirty-degree frosts near Moscow without shelter. Therefore, in our region it is usually grown in an apartment, in a winter garden, in a greenhouse or in a greenhouse. In the spring, the plant is buried in the garden directly with the pot, and in the fall it is dug up and brought into a frost-free basement for the winter; Figs overwinter normally in the house, and then actively set fruit. The temperature in the basement should not fall below -5°C: the pot will freeze, and the root system of the fig is more vulnerable than the above-ground part.​ ​Figs​

How are figs pollinated?

​There are about a thousand different varieties of figs in the world, and, no matter how fantastic it may sound, among them there are those that bear fruit in the middle zone.​

Fig fruit; ancient food

​and in general how are they​

​middle band​

Necessary conditions for growing figs in open ground, especially fruiting

​Sochi No. 7​

- Considered one of the most winter-hardy varieties, it can withstand short-term temperature drops down to –20°C. Very productive. Fruits

​Figs can be grown not in the form of a tree, reducing the height of the bush and used for winter shelter land. Thus, the distribution area will increase significantly. If you also choose varieties early dates ripening, then you will definitely be able to enjoy the “wine berry”. It is interesting to note that fruits are constantly being formed on the branch. Look carefully at the photo. At the bottom the fruits are already large, but at the top they have just begun to appear in the axils of the leaves. And it's the beginning of August. The little ones will no longer be able to mature, but with a successful wintering, they will grow in next year. With early cooling, in early September, many fig fruits remain unripe, somewhere up to 30 - 40%. Therefore, in order to increase the yield, you need to bend the branches of the bush and cover them carefully so as not to break off the fruits. ​

sovetotsvet.ucoz.ru

Figs: growing in the middle zone | Let's go to the garden!

Relatively winter-hardy fig varieties

​Ficus carica​ ​Oglobina seedling​ ​, but also in the Baltic states. But we must not forget one rule.​​…​

​grow​

• ​Russia.​ ​) they give more. As a rule, the first harvest ripens in July, and the second from August to October. Fruits from the first harvest are usually larger than those harvested the second time.​

• ​Brown Turkey​ ​Also, when growing figs, you need to take into account that the fruits are formed on the current year’s growth, old branches, even on wen. And so on until late autumn. Therefore, you should not be surprised at the small tubercles that appear in the leaf axils at the beginning of autumn. And how to preserve them, read further, in the article planting figs, care, shelter for the winter

• ​, or fig tree, is an inhabitant of the subtropics. It is a deciduous shrub or tree up to 12 m high. In the subtropics, it is pollinated by blastophages - small nut wasps that are not found here. Therefore, in our region, self-fertile (parthenocarpic) varieties are grown in apartments, winter gardens and greenhouses. There are many of them, for example,​Gift to October​
• ​26 April 2012​ ​Agricultural technology ​in ... But in open ground in conditions There are about a thousand different varieties in the world​Experience of wintering figs in the garden​
• ​regular pear-shaped, red-brown in color, weighing up to 100 g.​ ​Published in category Garden​
• ​Figs​ ​Dalmatian, Nikitsky, Abkhazian purple, Crimean black, Kadota, Brunswick, Shuisky, Early gray, Sary Apsheronsky, Adriatic purple, Sochi No. 7, Randino, Pomorie, July, Lardaro, Gift for the 50th anniversary of October, Brown Turkey​ ​Dalmatica​ ​…​​growing figs​middle band​
• ​figs Unfortunately, there are no varieties of figs that could withstand thirty-degree frosts near Moscow without shelter. Therefore, in our region it is usually grown in an apartment, in a winter garden, in a greenhouse or in a greenhouse. In the spring, the plant is buried in the garden directly with the pot, and in the fall it is dug up and brought into a frost-free basement for the winter; Figs overwinter normally in the house, and then actively set fruit. The temperature in the basement should not fall below –5°C: the pot will freeze, and the root system of the fig is more vulnerable than the above-ground part.​​Figs​
• ​There are about a thousand different varieties of figs in the world, and, no matter how fantastic it may sound, among them there are those that bear fruit in the middle zone.​​You need to leave a small gap for ventilation to avoid overheating. Figs begin to vegetate at an average daily temperature of +7...+9°C, the optimal temperature for fruit ripening is +20...+35°C.​​P​

​.​​Kadat​ But it is known that

​, crown formation, pinching, pruning, covering... It’s a pity that in​

​…. among the chosen ones!​

​. Among them there are those that bear fruit in

​Having experience growing figs both in greenhouses and in containers, at some point I began to let them overwinter in open ground. Some gardeners bend the figs into a trench and place them on top wooden shield or a sheet of slate and sprinkle with earth. This method is not very reliable: our winters are damp, the risk of wood dampening increases, and this is not beneficial for the plant.​

​Crimean black (Mouissoune, Negron)​

​Ficus carica​

​Conditions for growing figs​

​gift for the 50th anniversary of October​

​The best varieties of figs​

In order to grow figs at home using cuttings, select fully ripened branches of a fruiting fig tree. Rooting is best done in January-February, before the plant sheds its leaves and begins to grow new shoots. Cuttings are cut 10-16 cm long with 3-4 buds. A sharp knife is used to cut them. The sections are dried in a cool place or on outdoors within 7 hours. Several small cuts are made at the bottom of the cutting; this will facilitate better root formation. For rooting, the cuttings are placed in a container with river sand to a depth of 2-4 cm. After this, they are watered and placed under the jar. Prepared cuttings can be placed in a container with water, this will also promote rapid rooting.​

​figs​

​middle lane figs

10 best pages on the topic: Figs: growing in the middle zone

1. Figs- peculiarities growing in the middle zone Russia …

   ​How would I like to have walnuts, apricots,​ in my garden? ​middle lane​ For wintering, a rectangular box is made from expanded polystyrene or foam plastic, 1 m long, about 0.5 m wide and high. The thickness of the walls should be at least 10 cm (you can glue 2 sheets 5 cm thick together). The box is wrapped with tape several times. You need to put something heavy on top, for example, an old window frame, so that the frame does not get carried away by the wind and crush the roof with snow.​ - oval ribbed fruits. Purple-blue, almost black. Weigh about 100 g.​​, or fig tree, is an inhabitant of the subtropics. It is a deciduous shrub or tree up to 12 m high. In the subtropics it is pollinated by blastophages - small nut-bearing wasps that are not found here. Therefore, in our region, self-fertile (parthenocarpic) varieties are grown in apartments, winter gardens and greenhouses. There are many of them, for example, Figs will bear fruit if they are planted in a well-lit place, protected from northern and eastern winds. It is best near the south wall of the house. Depending on the variety, it can tolerate temperatures down to -10...-20°C. Thanks to its powerful root system, even when completely frozen to the ground, it easily recovers from the root.​ ​ - looks very similar to the variety​

2. Figs: growing in the middle zone- Supersadovnik.ru

   When the roots grow, the seedlings are transplanted into pots with prepared soil. The soil must be nutritious, drained, contain leaf humus, turf, peat and river sand. After some time, when the root system of the tree grows and fills the entire pot, the indoor fig should be transplanted into a larger container with a volume of 6-8 liters.​ ​was on earth 5 thousand years ago. ...what in ​not growing...​​figs​

3. How to grow figs

   ​.​ ​In winter, the structure is additionally covered with snow. In May, when the threat of frost has passed, you can completely remove the shelter. But it is not necessary to disassemble it; instead of the top cover in April, you can put a sheet of cellular polycarbonate or simply stretch plastic film, building a mini-greenhouse.​ ​Figs​​Dalmatian, Nikitsky, Abkhazian purple, Crimean black, Kadota, Brunswick, Shuisky, Early gray, Sary Apsheronsky, Adriatic purple, Sochi No. 7, Randino, Pomorie, July, Lardaro, Gift for the 50th anniversary of October, Brown Turkey​​Drought-resistant figs , but with a lack of moisture, the yield decreases. However, in the conditions of the Moscow region, natural humidity is enough for it. Prefers light and medium loams, but soil richer in organic matter will have a beneficial effect on fruiting. It is best to plant in a small trench 30-40 cm deep at an angle of 45°, so that in October, when the figs shed their leaves, it is easier to bend the branches to the ground. At the same time, it is undesirable for them to touch the ground. Kadota - tolerates temperatures down to -15°C. It bears fruit well when it has built up a long-term supply of wood. The best harvest is produced by three- and four-year-old shoots. The fruits of this variety are pear-shaped, asymmetrical, yellow-brown or greenish-yellow in color. The weight of an average fruit is 150-200 g. In terms of taste, it is the best. A fig tree needs regular watering, so during the growing season it is necessary to moisten the soil in a timely manner, otherwise the leaves will begin to curl and fall off.

4. Figs in open ground - Home garden - Indoor fruit …

   ​middle lane​ ​My uncle (he lives in​​, persimmon and… apricot forms suitable for​ ​Figs​​You need to leave a small gap for ventilation to avoid overheating. Figs begin to vegetate at an average daily temperature of +7...+9°C, the optimal temperature for fruit ripening is +20...+35°C.​ ​P​​.​​Some of the thickening annual shoots can be removed. Figs grow quickly, so you need to pinch the shoots in a timely manner. On young plants, 3-4 developed branches are left, the rest are removed. It is better not to let them grow more than 40-50 cm. This way the figs will not outgrow the size of the shelter. During the growing season, it is recommended to liberally apply liquid fertilizer based on manure every three weeks until the beginning of August; in August, feed with infusion of ash (infuse 1 liter of ash per 10 liters of water for 3-4 days). The experience of planting figs in open ground shows that there are no pests on the plant, but it surpasses it in yield.

5. Southern plants in middle lane!!! - Perennial spicy …

   ​Figs​​When propagated by seeds, use thoroughly washed and dried fig seeds. Sowing is carried out in early spring. The soil for sowing should be light, contain sand, leaf soil and peat. The seeds are placed in the soil to a depth of 3 cm and watered. The container with seeds is covered with glass or plastic film. After the first shoots appear, the shelter is removed for 1-2 hours a day; when most of the shoots appear, it is removed. When the seedlings grow up, they are transplanted into separate containers.​ ​and northern latitudes​ ​Middle lane​​growing in the middle zone​

6. Figs in open ground. Two harvests with … - First Crimean

   ​.​​Conditions for growing figs​​gift for the 50th anniversary of October​ ​The best varieties of figs​ Fig propagation ​Figs​​Nikitsky​​Caring for indoor figs is carried out all year round. In summer, the trunk and leaves of the tree are sprayed with warm, settled water and watered abundantly. When the soil dries out, the fig tree sheds its leaves. In addition, frequent spraying prevents the appearance of spider mites. During the fruiting period, the volume of watering is reduced so that the fruits do not become watery.​ ​figs​

7. Growing figs- Garden

   ​) dropped off ​Russia.​​Growing figs Figs​​Figs will bear fruit if they are planted in a well-lit place, protected from northern and eastern winds. It is best near the south wall of the house. Depending on the variety, it can tolerate temperatures down to -10...-20°C. Thanks to its powerful root system, even when completely frozen to the ground, it easily recovers from the root. - ​ - looks very similar to the variety. 50% from peat (or turf soil).​

8. Miracle garden forum How to grow a fig tree?

   ​Sochi No. 7​ - ribbed figs, pear-shaped, light brown in color, weighing up to 120 g.​Like all subtropical plants, this crop needs a period of rest. To do this, for the winter the tree is placed on an insulated loggia, in a winter garden or some other cool place where the air temperature does not exceed +10-15°; and does not drop below 0°C. However, figs can overwinter at home on a windowsill away from heating devices. It does not require lighting during this period. Winter dormancy lasts from November to January. At this time, the fig tree sheds its leaves. The number of waterings decreases. Watering is required to prevent the earthen clod from drying out. Water the sleeping plant with cool water to prevent early awakening of the buds. When the tree awakens (buds swell), it is taken out into the light, provided with regular watering, and fertilized. ​can​​figs​ ​27 Aug 2009​​(fig tree, fig tree) is a southern evergreen ... In cold climate zones, its​​Figs are drought-resistant, but with a lack of moisture, the yield is reduced. However, in the conditions of the Moscow region, natural humidity is enough for it. Prefers light to medium loams, but soil richer in organic matter will have a beneficial effect on fruiting. It is best to plant in a small trench 30–40 cm deep at an angle of 45°, so that in October, when the figs shed their leaves, it is easier to bend the branches to the ground. It is not advisable for them to touch the ground.​ ​Kadota​

9. myflora.org.ua View topic - Figs in open ground …

   - tolerates temperatures down to –15°C. It bears fruit well when it has built up a long-term supply of wood. The best harvest is produced by three- and four-year-old shoots. The fruits of this variety are pear-shaped, asymmetrical, yellow-brown or greenish-yellow in color. The weight of an average fruit is 150–200 g. It is the best in taste.​ ​Growing figs in open ground in the garden​ - pear-shaped fruits of yellow color with a matte coating, weighing up to 60 g.​Figs​​For the rapid development of the crop and good fruiting, nitrogen is necessary, so the first feeding should consist of this fertilizer. When growing figs at home, fertilizers are applied during each transplant. During the swelling of the buds, alternate fertilizing from a manure solution with fertilizing from phosphorus. During the dormant period, feeding is not required.​ ​grow​

10. As it is figs fresh, with or without peel? - Intim-News.ru

    ​White variety…​ ​…​ ​grow​​Some of the thickening annual shoots can be removed. Figs grow quickly, so you need to pinch the shoots in a timely manner. On young plants, 3–4 developed branches are left, the rest are removed. It is better not to let them grow more than 40–50 cm. This way the figs will not outgrow the size of the shelter. During the growing season, it is recommended to liberally apply liquid fertilizer based on manure every three weeks until the beginning of August; in August, feed with infusion of ash (infuse 1 liter of ash per 10 liters of water for 3-4 days). The experience of planting figs in open ground shows that there are no pests on the plant, but it surpasses it in yield. ​Figs​​possible with certain care, taking into account the development characteristics of this plant and climatic conditions terrain. The fig tree can reach a height of 15 meters (in temperate climates these are small trees and shrubs up to 3 meters high). It produces a lot of growth, turning over time into a spreading bush. Leaves beautiful shape, light green, with slight fluff, light bark gray make the plant decorative. Flowers are not noticeable. The fruits are located in the axils of the leaves and are shaped like a small pear. Ripening dates depend on the variety; they can fall at the end of July - beginning of August, at the end of August, as well as at the end of September - beginning of October. The fig fruit has a color from black or dark purple to light pink, yellow, sweet pulp of a delicate texture with a large number of seeds. An overripe fig begins to ferment from the inside, justifying one of its names - “wine berry.” ​Figs​​Kadota -​ In the spring, when warm weather sets in, the container with the plant is placed on the balcony or in the garden.​…​

The article describes in detail the correct planting of figs and subsequent care for them. You will learn how to grow and propagate this wonderful plant on your site or indoors. We have selected photos of varieties to make it easier to choose figs suitable for specific conditions.

Varieties and varieties of fig trees

Figs (fig tree or fig tree) have been cultivated since ancient times. Over the entire history of cultivation, many varieties and varieties have been developed. There are self-fertile (parthenocarpic) and cross-pollinated forms. Self-pollinating varieties are recommended for cultivation in temperate latitudes. Figs are also divided according to the purpose of use:

1. Use fresh.
2. Recycling.
3. Obtaining dried fruits.

Fig fruits of different varieties

You definitely need to pay attention to whether the plant is zoned for a specific region, how it reacts to low temperatures. In addition, varietal figs are distinguished by the following characteristics:

• fruit density;
• taste qualities;
• productivity;
• ripening time;
• possibility of transportation;
• winter hardiness.

Popular varieties:

Planting figs in open ground and in pots

The plant's homeland is the subtropics; growing a fruit-bearing tree in the middle zone will require a serious approach. You should choose a well-lit place, protected from northern winds. The southern side of a slope or building is suitable; the crop tolerates heat well. Figs are undemanding in terms of soil composition, but need moisture. A drainage device at the bottom of the planting hole is required only on heavy clay soils. The substrate is filled with organic matter and poured in the form of a mound. The roots of the seedling are placed on the formed cone, straightened and covered with earth. The root collar must be above the soil level.

Young fig

Before disembarking root system dipped into a dung-clay mash. In regions with harsh winters, it is recommended to plant figs in trenches. The north side of such a landing trench should be vertical. It is protected from shedding with film or polycarbonate. The southern slope is gentle, providing access to the sun's rays. Both autumn and spring planting in open ground is practiced. Even after picking up winter-hardy variety, you need to take care of its safety in winter. Figs require shelter or moving indoors (greenhouse).

Attention. The ability of figs to grow even in the most depleted soils has been widely described. There are cases when a fig tree successfully developed among rocks or on the roofs of buildings. Even in such cramped conditions, the plants bear fruit.

You can grow figs at home in a tub, where they will grow up to 2 meters in height. The first three years of the plant's life require annual replanting, preferably in December. The container is gradually increased, bringing its diameter to approximately 0.5 m. A drainage layer is placed at the bottom of the pot. The plant feels good on a glassed-in loggia. In November, the tree will shed its leaves and go into a dormant period. At this time, they hardly water it and try to create cool conditions. You should definitely opt for self-fertile varieties. At good care 2 fruitings are achieved - in June and September. In the summer, it is useful to place potted figs outdoors.

Figs grow well and bear fruit in an apartment or winter garden

Plant care, fertilizers and fertilizing

The culture needs regular watering. Pruning the crown will help increase yield. In temperate climates, figs are shaped like a bush or fan. This increases its winter hardiness and makes covering work easier. It is necessary to periodically loosen the tree trunk space; mulching is recommended.

The culture is responsive to fertilizing. They are held monthly. In spring, nitrogen and phosphorus-potassium fertilizers are applied. During the growing season, humus (30-40 g per bush). Superphosphate (300-500 g) and potassium salt (150-300 g).

The plant responds well to soil mulching

Nitrogen-containing substances are fed a second time in June. Be sure to cover the plants for the winter when the first frost occurs. The bushes are placed in furrows 40 cm deep and pinned down. The top is covered with plant material – leaves, spruce branches. Next, pour a layer of earth about 20 cm. In harsh conditions, put boards, roofing felt and other available materials on top.

Caring for indoor figs involves transplanting. Water, trying to prevent the earthen clod from drying out completely. The crown is periodically sprayed. Feed potted figs monthly. Liquid universal complex fertilizers.

Advice. Growing a savory tree at home, in a pot, has been practiced since the 16th century. By selecting low-growing parthenocarpic varieties, you can get a harvest 2 times a year. The quality of the fruit is not inferior to garden figs.

Fig tree propagation

The following methods of fig propagation are practiced:

• seed;
• layering;
• cuttings;
• root shoot.

The seed method is used mainly by breeders and nurseries. The most popular way is cuttings. Rooting is carried out in January-February. Cuttings are best prepared from annual shoots 15-20 cm long; they are not cut, but broken off. A heel is formed (a piece of the mother plant at the breaking point) on which the most roots will appear. Cuttings from the middle and lower parts of the shoot take root better.

Fig cuttings

Planted so that about 6 cm remains on the surface. For private propagation, you can root it in a cut plastic bottle, making holes in it for drainage. The container with the cuttings is placed in a warm place (for example, on a windowsill above a radiator). After rooting and the appearance of leaves, hardening is carried out and transplanted to a permanent place. Fertilizing with nitrogen fertilizers is necessary.

Pest diseases

In temperate climates, figs are disease resistant, but coral spotting may sometimes occur. This is a rare fungal disease that is difficult to treat. The plant weakens and gradually dries out. In wet weather, bright red-orange spots appear on the bark of the trunk and branches. At the first signs of disease, infected branches are removed and treated with fungicides. If measures are not taken on time or conditions are favorable for the spread of infection and it cannot be stopped, the affected plant will have to be cut down. Bacteriosis may also appear, leading to drying of shoots and shedding of fruits.

Rust damage

Damage can be caused by aphids, moth caterpillars, and mealybugs. In indoor conditions, figs are affected by spider mites. In the initial stage of propagation, washing the plants with cold water helps. But in the event of a pest invasion, it is necessary to use insecticides, for example, actelik.

Figs will not only provide tasty and healthy fruits, but will also decorate your garden or home space. Its leaves are divided into 3-5 lobes and are very decorative. The fig tree is the most valuable fruit crop; it will become the pride of the gardener who managed to grow it.

Growing figs in the winter garden: video

Fig, or fig, fig tree, fig, ficus carica (Fikuscarica), wineberry - the oldest heat-loving plant, growing on the Mediterranean and Black Sea coasts up to 12 meters. Its fruits are tasty and very healthy. They contain a lot of vitamins A, B, C, microelements, fiber, proteins and others. Figs are recommended as a remedy for anemia; they are used for cardiovascular diseases, to treat colds and sore throats. This is a good diuretic. IN Lately the mentioned southern tree is grown not only in the Caucasus and Central Asia, but also in Crimea, Krasnodar region, in the south of Ukraine and even in the Moscow region.

Choosing a location and landing rules

In the south of Ukraine and Russia, where it is warm and sunny, and winters are mild and short, the cultivation of these subtropical plants in open ground is practiced without shelter for the winter. If frosts do come, then thoroughly frozen plants quickly return to normal in the spring and even bear fruit the same year.

For the success of this difficult task great importance has the right choice of site. It should be well lit and reliably protected from the winds, preferably on the southern or southwestern slope of the hill. For this purpose, it is blocked by a forest belt or a high fence. Lowlands or saline, wetlands with groundwater closer to a depth of three meters are absolutely not suitable for growing figs. These low-growing shrubs like loamy soil, or sandy loam with turf or peat. The best time planting is at the end of March, when the earth has warmed up a little.

Planting a tree is carried out in the following order:

1. First, the site is fertilized with humus: 8-10 kg of mature manure and 200 grams of nitroammophoska for each planting hole up to 80 cm deep and 50 by 50 cm wide.
2. Then they pour a bucket of water into the holes and mix it with a 15-centimeter layer of soil.
3. The roots of the seedling are cut down to living wood, placed in the center of the hole, tilting the crown to the south at an acute angle.
4. Then it is covered with earth, 3-4 buckets of water are poured into each hole.
5. After the water has been absorbed, the hole is completely densely covered with earth, which is compacted well.
6. A distance of 2-3 meters is left between seedlings.
7. The trees are tied to slats secured with wire to stakes. The stakes themselves are dug into the ground to a depth of at least 70 cm.
8. Moreover, before this they do formative pruning of the tree crowns.
9. Then the seedlings are covered with a dark PE film 3 meters wide. Its edges are sprinkled with earth or pressed down with metal rods.
10. To protect against diseases and burns, young plantings are sprayed with 3% Bordeaux mixture.

Plant care

For successful cultivation and fruiting of figs, it is necessary that its root system, which is located close to the surface of the earth, “breathe”. To do this, many gardeners grow grass in a circle around the trunk, which is mowed several times, but not removed. The soil then does not cake, does not dry out, and sufficient oxygen access to the roots is ensured.

Watering is carried out using the drip method. Plants need feeding. In spring and autumn they are introduced organic fertilizers, and in the summer, fertilizing with ash is carried out by diluting 0.5 kg of the composition in a bucket of water and letting it brew for 3 days. Fertilizing is always combined with watering.

Often, in areas where cultivation is risky for southern plants, a crown formation method called “horizontal cordon” is used. It is also used for growing grapes and other heat-loving plants. The essence of the method is that the plant is left with 4 strong shoots, which are bent and secured to the ground. After some time, they begin to creep on their own, without a load. Trellis are placed at a meter height, to which shoots growing from the ground parts are tied. Moreover, as a rule, they leave branches that appear on the outside of the bush. The internal shoots are removed.

Preparing for winter

In autumn, when temperatures reach no more than 5 degrees, figs need shelter for the winter. The branches are bent to the ground, covered with polypropylene (sugar bags) and covered with a five-centimeter layer of earth. Fallen leaves should not be allowed to remain under the bush, because... In this case, the plant will rot. Tops and leaves can be poured on top of this structure.

The protective cover should be removed in mid-spring. They do this gradually: first they remove foliage and branches, and then the soil. After a couple of days, the protective cloth is also removed. The bush thus has time to acclimatize and quickly begin to produce fruit buds.

Problems when growing figs

The main difficulty in growing figs is that this plant needs a lot of sunny days. Otherwise, the fruits do not have time to ripen. After all in the south, its fruiting lasts for several months and ends in November. In the middle zone, the fruits have to be collected immature, already at the end of September - beginning of October.

Often, in order to speed up fruiting, young trees are grown by limiting their root system. To do this, the pit is lined with boards, stones or fragments clay pots, sometimes plants are grown in bags. Then their strength is not spent on maintaining the branched root system, and the fruits appear earlier and more abundantly.

Successful wintering of a heat-loving crop is also an equally important problem. Most varieties of figs cannot withstand temperatures below -10...-12 degrees. Therefore, timely and high-quality shelter plays an important role in the survival of plants. Moreover, it must be taken into account that overheating and excess moisture are extremely undesirable for them. Therefore, special attention should be paid to their preparation for winter.

The best varieties of figs for Russia and Ukraine

Figs, or figs, have been grown for a long time, they can be eaten fresh, dried, and jams are made from them. Its numerous varieties are distinguished by ripening time, color, fruit size, taste, and number of harvests per season.

When growing figs, it should be taken into account thatunder natural conditions it is pollinated mainly by blastophagous wasps, which are not found in our area. Here, self-fertile varieties of this plant are grown in open ground. The most popular of them are presented in the following table.

Figs, or figs, have been known to mankind since time immemorial. These are southern heat-loving plants. But recently, many varieties have been developed that are successfully grown in temperate climatic zones, where you can get up to 10-15 kg of this tasty and healthy exotic fruit from the bush.

Any agricultural crop has its own characteristics and nuances during cultivation. This fully applies to figs, also known as fig trees. The attractiveness of such a culture does not mean that it can be approached frivolously and superficially.

Features of the plant

The demand for growing figs is due to the taste and aroma and nutritional value of its fruits. However, some consumers note that the resulting fruit is too sweet, but this is largely a matter of personal taste. The plant is a small or medium-sized tree, characterized by a spreading crown. Its bark is light gray in color and completely smooth to the touch. Under natural conditions, figs grow in Transcaucasia, as well as in Central Asian countries.

On Russian territory it can be safely planted in Crimea. The foliage is large, with a dense edge on the reverse side. Each tree can grow both whole and lobed leaves at the same time. The uniqueness of the fig is that its inflorescences are unlike the inflorescences of any other plants. Even the greatest naturalist of the 18th century, Carl Linnaeus, was unable to fully understand their secret.

In order to not only plant a fig tree, but also to grow it effectively, you need to know that the only pollinators are black wasps, the so-called blastophages. Moreover, these insects are in close symbiosis with the plant and cannot live without it. The farmers of hot countries knew such a secret back in ancient times, but, of course, they could not yet give them the correct biological interpretation.

Traditional Caucasian and Central Asian cuisine highly values ​​figs due to their taste and nutritional value. Fresh fig tree fruits are transported very poorly. They can only be delivered hundreds of kilometers in dried form, he makes harvested less sensitive to deformation.

Figs rarely cross the century mark, and only in India is there a single tree known that has been growing for the fourth century in a row. You should not hope that the flowering of the plant will give the owners a chic appearance. Ripe fruits acquire a dark purple color.

Overview of varieties

The tree that produces figs is divided into a number of varieties. In an ordinary city apartment the following varieties can be grown:

• "Sukhumi purple";
• "Shaft";
• "Solar";
• "Kedoma."

These varieties produce slightly larger fruits. walnut and very tasty to the taste. Anyone who tries the harvest of these varieties at least once is unlikely to give up the idea of ​​growing a similar plant in their home. Figs survive well even in the dry atmosphere of a city dwelling with its average temperature. In a room it can grow up to 300-400 cm and has mainly decorative value.

In terms of such a valuable indicator in central Russia as frost resistance, the Brunsvik variety stands out favorably. Its other names are “Buzoy Burnu” and “Chapla”. The first harvest is relatively meager, but each fruit weighs from 0.2 kg. The berries are light green, their center is colored in raspberry tones. The figs of the second harvest are relatively small, the plant tolerates cold well up to 28 - 30 degrees.

“Dalmatian”, also known as “Turkish white”, is considered one of the best table varieties among the early varieties. Fruits appear twice during the growing season. The first of two harvests contains large berries, sometimes reaching 0.18 kg. Gardeners receive favorable results approximately three years after planting. The tolerable temperature ranges from 0 to 15 degrees.

The “Kadota” variety, as follows from its description, is simultaneously capable of reproducing itself without the help of insects and develops very quickly. The breed, which originally originated in California, quickly became one of the dominant breeds in various regions of the globe. The largest fruit size reaches 0.06 kg, judging by reviews they are very good for processing into jams.

“Crimean Black” produces another harvest every 6 months; it requires careful pruning and careful formation of the tree crown.

“July” early, like other leading varieties, bears fruit every 6 months on average. The average mass of infructescences reaches 0.065 kg.

"July"

“Pear” figs produce fruits of light green color; their shape is more reminiscent of a pear, hence the name. The first harvest is represented by berries weighing 0.1 kg, and the second - half as much. The pinkish flesh turns golden brown when ripe, and the taste combines sour and sweet notes.

Bush figs also have their own characteristics. It is better suited for regions remote from the sea, while standard varieties are recommended mainly for the coastal zone. Pruning involves shortening the shoots to 100 - 150 mm. Moreover, only 3 or 4 branches are allowed per bush.

Grey early variety, like any other fig tree, has a very attractive root system. In a layer of loam, including those containing a significant amount of ash, the roots go 180 - 360 mm deep.

If the soil is made of heavy clay with a low ash concentration, this parameter is only 90 - 180 mm. Alluvial-loamy soils with an improved structure are penetrated by roots to 150 - 970 mm. But this information applies to the Black Sea coast; in other areas the meanings may be different.

All varieties of figs love significant, but not excessive, insolation. The roots are capable of breaking through even a rocky or almost entirely stone substrate (on stone walls, on the roofs of houses).

Landing

In Russia, you can bury fig seedlings in open ground quite calmly. Even the hardest and most inconvenient soil will not become an obstacle for him. But there is one serious problem - after a plant exploring a new habitat, its faithful comrade-in-arms, the wasp, does not always advance. Therefore, even in the North Caucasus it is necessary to grow those varieties that do not require such pollination. The downside of this solution is the impossibility of obtaining seeds; you will have to use layering or green cuttings.

Almost every responsible and trained gardener can grow figs in the garden or at the dacha. In shady places the tree grows relatively well, but the hope of forming ovaries and getting a harvest will have to be given up. For real Russian conditions, both in a greenhouse and on an open ground plot, only self-propagating varieties that do not require the assistance of pollinators are suitable.

Considering that even winter-resistant varieties can be damaged by excessively severe frosts, it is recommended to place plantings in tubs during critical periods of the year. An alternative to them is a heated greenhouse.

A fig tree growing in open areas must be thoroughly protected from the negative effects of cold weather. The minimum requirement is to cover the root systems with spruce branches. If it is known for sure that winter may be accompanied by significant frosts, it is recommended to prepare more serious protection.

Autumn planting is carried out in last days October and at the very beginning of November. You can choose the exact moment if you take into account the climatic specifics of a particular region.

We take proper care

Caring for figs throughout the year requires stable lighting. Then fruiting will continue for the maximum possible time, and only occasionally the plant will pause, shedding its leaves. Figs should be watered sparingly, only in an amount that will not allow the soil to dry out. In the cold months of the year, irrigation can generally be reduced to pouring through trays. When a tree bears fruit, complex mineral fertilizer is sometimes used for feeding.

But this does not mean that you will have to feed the fig tree; many gardeners manage to grow a decent crop of fruit without too much effort. It is recommended to purchase soil in specialized stores, giving preference to compositions for decorative deciduous crops. Spring pruning is acceptable for any healthy, in good shape plant. It not only eliminates the harmful consequences, contrary to fears, but also significantly improves the outlook.

Growing figs is useful not only because they are tasty, but also because of the health benefits of the fruit. Under the influence of potassium, the functioning of the heart and blood vessels is optimized, and the risk of blood clots is reduced. Benefits have been noted for anemia and kidney stones.

Of course, any attempt at treatment, not even instead of special therapy, but along with it or as a method of prevention or rehabilitation, must be agreed upon with doctors.

To get a better harvest healthy berries needed:

• optimal natural lighting;
• minimal exposure to strong winds;
• southern orientation of landings;
• low-lying groundwater (maximum 250 cm from the surface);
• placement on the plain or on gently sloping hills.

Those areas that can concentrate cold air masses are completely unsuitable. To quickly complete the planting of figs in the spring, seedlings are purchased (grown) and prepared for work in advance. They are usually planted in the middle or at the end of March, as soon as significant warming compared to winter begins. When choosing a suitable variety, you can focus on winter resistance and the yield of the resulting crop.

Figs should be fertilized approximately 14 days after transplanting into open ground; for this purpose it is recommended to use nitrogen fertilizers. A fig tree growing at home should be watered and sprayed properly. With a weak supply of moisture, the plant tends to “complain”, losing its foliage. The fig tree should spend November, December and January at rest, that is, at a temperature of less than 15 degrees with sufficient light. No special lighting or feeding is required during this time.

Noticing that the plant has not fallen asleep on time, it is encouraged to do so by slightly reducing the intensity of watering. But be sure to make sure that the earthen ball near the main root does not dry out; such an event can have a very negative impact. The first flowers can usually be seen in March, and June is marked by the appearance of early fruits. The second wave of berries becomes ripe from the first days of August to the first days of September.

Transplantation into open ground in summer months it is quite possible that the fig will tolerate such a process calmly, but by the fall a container will be needed bigger size than in the spring.

For potted culture you will need soil, which includes:

• turf land;
• peat;
• leaf humus;
• river alluvial sand;
• wood ash.

Each of these components must be steamed and calcined; their proportions in the volume must be equal. Expanded clay that has undergone the same treatment is placed at the very bottom of the container. Next comes the turn of sand, and only then can the soil substrate be prepared. The use of sphagnum moss gives excellent results; its surface layer will help bring humidity within a reasonable range. Once every 60 months, figs need to be transplanted into larger containers, sometimes they are needed earlier.

Reproduction

Exist various techniques cultivation of the fig tree, and the main place here is occupied by propagation by cuttings. You can count on the first harvest using this method, if all the requirements of agricultural technology are met, in two or three years. Cuttings (layerings) for subsequent planting should be cut around mid-winter or at the end of it. The source plant must be mature and already producing full berries. The branches should be cut small, up to 150 mm maximum, and having at least three functional buds.

Cuttings can be combined with crushing a large shoot into several lobes. The main thing is that the topmost cut should be as straight as possible in appearance. At the bottom, the cutting is cut at an angle and longitudinal cuts are made. These cuts help speed up the development of the fig's roots. The semi-finished products are placed on the cool surface of the window sill; after 6 hours, the milky juice that appears will acquire the necessary hardness.

You can root figs:

• in a water tank;
• in a container where wet sand has been added;
• in soil covered with a small layer of the same sand.

In all these cases, an indispensable requirement is the lining of the hood, which is occasionally removed only for complete ventilation. When roots form, the seedling is transferred to a permanent container containing a nutrient substrate.

When it's hard to get good ones fresh cuttings, you need to use seeds. They are taken from ripened fruits. The removed seeds are washed and dried, kept for about 24 hours on the surface of a sheet of paper.

Accelerating the drying process through various heaters, fans and similar techniques is not allowed. Only room temperature! Sowing of seeds is done at least in March; wide containers of moderate depth are used for them. They are filled with light fraction nutrient media. The container, wrapped in a bag, is placed in a warm and well-lit corner, where the temperature reaches 25 degrees.

Such a greenhouse requires periodic opening and spraying. The fig fruit is formed from a mass of drupes. IN different varieties the fruits have different colors - yellow, green, reddish, yellow-green and purple; There are also black and purple berries.

The depth of penetration of fig tree roots can reach 6 m, and their coverage radius is sometimes 15 m. This must be taken into account when choosing a site for placement. Fig trees should be planted at a minimum distance of 2 m from each other (and preferably at least 3-5 m). The rows should be separated by 150 cm so that they do not interfere with each other. It is necessary to plant a fig tree in soils with positive drainage characteristics. The pit is made in the form of a square with sides of 0.6 m, reaching a depth of 0.7 m. It is recommended to equip this recess with a layer of concrete along the edges.

The fact is that an overdeveloped root system prevents figs from bearing fruit. The bottom of the hole should be covered with a drainage layer up to 300 mm high. To ensure that the fig tree grows well, add to the mixture:

But unfortunately, grafting is the only chance for cultivating rare, relatively recently appeared varieties.

Diseases and pests

The fig tree, although not a capricious crop, still has numerous dangerous enemies in the form of diseases and pests. In the subtropical areas of the Russian Federation, the main threat is posed by plant cancer, gray mold invasion, souring and spots provoked by virus attacks. Branch cancer first manifests itself as cracks appearing in infected areas, the bark peels off, and exposed wood is exposed. Under the influence of gray rot, it is not the branches that deteriorate, but the fruits. Moreover, in the autumn months, a microscopic fungus infects previously healthy shoots.

Fusarium blight, which also primarily affects the berries, has a very bad effect on figs. In some cases, the disease affects only the pulp, which becomes watery and separates into layers. As the disease progresses, an eye appears on the skin, surrounded by a wet spot of pink or purple color. Anthracnose is indicated by the appearance of round dark dots on the berries followed by shedding of the figs. Souring is provoked by yeast, leading to a loss of color or the appearance of a pink or brown color in the berries; They also fall out quickly.

The fight against them and harmful insects begins with careful prevention. Any damage, if it could not be avoided, is covered with garden pitch or oil paint. Every broken branch, every dried shoot is carefully cut off and must be burned. So that the plants themselves and the earth around them do not swarm pests, spraying with a five percent solution is carried out iron sulfate. It is recommended to do this in the last days of February and early March.

You can compensate for the lack of winter spraying by treating figs in early spring weak solution Bordeaux mixture. It is important to remember that after some pests, others inevitably “catch up”. Birds bring various insects. And when the hymenoptera weakens the plant, it is much more difficult for it to protect itself from viruses, bacteria and fungi. In addition to pruning diseased parts, prevention includes treating trees and the ground around them with special preparations.

Even a thoroughly processed plant that shows no signs of danger should be checked and inspected at least once every 3 to 4 days. Then it will be possible to promptly notice the earliest signs of danger, the fight against which is possible with “little bloodshed.”

To learn how to grow figs at home, watch the following video.

The fig, a fruit tree known since biblical times, in its natural habitat is a tall, spreading tree with a powerful trunk and tender leaves. delicious fruits, ripening in three waves from April to May.

This is exactly how the inhabitants of Abkhazia and Crimea know it, where the fig tree or fig tree has been growing for a long time. In Kuban and Ukraine, a fig is already a bush or a compact standard tree that requires careful formation and reliable shelter on winter period. The desire to get sweet fruits of unusual taste prompts gardeners in central Russia to look for an answer to the question of how to plant figs, protect them from freezing, and reap at least a small harvest.

The fig tree (it is believed that the name “fig” appeared as a result of the transformation of the word “ficus”: figs belong to this genus) bears fruit three times a year for more than 300 years, if it lives in favorable conditions. And fruiting begins already in the second or third year of life. Although the heat-loving plant is capable of surviving twenty-degree frosts, the technology of planting and growing figs is aimed not only at obtaining a harvest, but also at saving it in winter.

Preparing to plant figs in open ground

Exactly from correct landing half the success in cultivating an exotic tree in the country depends on meeting all the conditions.

Landing dates

The timing of planting figs is determined in each region depending on local climatic conditions: in the Crimea and neighboring regions of the Black Sea coast, in the Kuban and Krasnodar Territory, the soil warms up by mid-March, which means it can be planted. In colder regions, these dates move much closer to summer: late April - early May. The main criterion is warm soil, but before the buds open.

Choosing a location on the site

The best place for figs in the garden is south facing

There should be no barriers on the side of the sun that provide shade, but the presence of tall, dense plantings or buildings on other sides can not only protect the delicate exotic tree from the winds, but also to create a special warm microclimate. The occurrence of groundwater must be at a depth of at least 3 meters. The fig tree will prefer fairly flat areas or slightly flat ones, especially if the slope is southern. But in lowlands that can collect cool air and dampness, it is uncomfortable for a fig tree to grow, and the gardener’s efforts will not pay off.

Soil preparation

Figs are unpretentious to the composition of the soil, but the standard soil preparation procedure is required:

• freedom from weeds and roots of other plants;
• digging with the addition of humus, compost, adding sand, bone meal;
• lining drainage material: expanded clay, broken brick; Drainage layer of at least 30 cm;
• ready-made is suitable for planting figs planting soil: “Rose” or “Citrus”;

Selection and preparation of planting material

When buying fig seedlings, it is better to choose two-year-old specimens with a pair of side shoots. The older the seedling, the more difficult it is for it to take root; the adaptation period is much longer. Seedlings with damaged roots or shoot bark should be discarded. There should be several buds on the shoots.

Technique for planting figs on the site

The further south the region, the greater the likelihood of successfully growing figs. in the usual way- in the landing pit. But even in the Krasnodar Territory and in the southern regions of Ukraine, fig trees are often planted using the trench method, which allows the plant to be reliably sheltered from the winter cold.

Pit planting technology

To plant figs in open ground you need landing pit, the depth and diameter of which are 1 m. The bottom of the pit is covered with a 30-centimeter layer of drainage made of large expanded clay, crushed bricks, and pebbles. The walls are lined broken brick, stones, pieces of concrete, rubble stones and other similar materials.

This compaction of the pit walls ensures soil aeration, heat accumulation and limits root growth.

Part of the pit is filled with a prepared mixture of topsoil with humus, leaf soil, and compost. A bucket of water is poured out. When the water is absorbed, a seedling is placed on a layer of fresh fertilized substrate so that the root collar is at the level of the edge of the hole or slightly lower, and the hole is filled with earth, distributing the soil between the roots, compacting and tamping. The tree trunk circle is mulched with humus or compost and watered thoroughly. At least two buckets of water are required for the first watering.

Trench planting method

To obtain fig tree fruits in latitudes atypical for the plant, it is recommended to plant figs in open ground in trenches. When planted in this way, the fig tree takes on the appearance of a shrub capable of producing one harvest of fruits of excellent quality.

Trench planting and caring for figs differ significantly from traditional cultivation in a pit. Preparing the trench. The length of the trench is calculated according to the following scheme: 2 meters for each plant. Width and depth depend on climate:

The further north the plot is, the deeper and wider the trench should be. In the south of Russia, it is enough to dig one and a half to two shovels deep, and 50-70 cm wide. To the north, in the middle zone, the depth is up to one and a half meters, the width is at least a meter. The trench is located from east to west;

In shallow southern trenches, holes are dug for seedlings every two meters, and a good layer of drainage is poured onto the bottom of the hole. The walls of the trench are often lined with boards. To better reflect light, the boards are whitened with lime. A layer of fertile soil mixture is poured into the holes on top of the drainage, the cuttings are planted, and watered. The result is a trench in which young trees grow every two meters;

In the deep northern trenches, in contrast to the geometrically smooth southern ones, the walls are structured differently. The northern wall, perpendicular to the ground line, is strengthened brickwork or boards. This wall should be white to collect and reflect sunlight onto the plants. The southern wall is flat. The slope should be such that Sun rays walked to the very bottom of the trench. This southern gentle slope is covered with a black film; this is protection from weeds, which will inevitably block the figs from the sun, and accumulation of heat from the sun;

The bottom is covered with a layer of drainage (at least 30 cm) and a fertile layer of soil. The trees are planted at an angle of 45°, the root collar can be slightly deepened. Tree trunk circles are mulched and watered; A series of arcs are placed over the trench to stretch the covering material, creating a greenhouse effect for cold spring nights.

Caring for figs in open ground

Caring for figs in unprotected soil consists of a standard set of measures:

• watering,
• feeding,
• trimming and shaping,
• disease prevention,
• preparation for the winter period.

But in each of the points there are features characteristic of this particular exotic.

Watering frequency

During the rooting period of the cuttings, the plant requires frequent and abundant watering: twice a week with a bucket of water. As soon as the tree begins to grow and adapt, it needs to be watered at least 10-12 liters once a week throughout the summer. In hot, dry times, the frequency of watering increases as necessary, up to three times a week: the soil should not be allowed to dry out, because this will negatively affect the quality of the fruit.

Stop watering completely when the fruits on the tree ripen.

After harvesting, figs are watered generously for the last time of the season.

Selection and rules for applying fertilizing

Twice a month, figs need root feeding and every two months they need foliar nutrition - spraying with complex fertilizers. Each stage of the growing season requires a special composition of fertilizers.

1. At the beginning of summer, when the tree gains strength and green mass after winter, figs are fed with nitrogen-containing compounds (ammonium sulfate, calcium nitrate, ammonium nitrate, urea; from organic matter - bird droppings, manure)
2. In the middle of the growing season, the fig tree requires phosphates that promote fruit set (superphosphate, double superphosphate, ammophoska; organic sources of phosphorus: bone flour, compost based on wormwood, feather grass, thyme, rowan berries)
3. To ripen the fruits, figs are fed with potassium (potassium magnesia, potassium sulfate, potassium salt 40%; potassium is part of many complex fertilizers; the organic source of potassium is wood ash)

When choosing complex fertilizers at this stage of the growing season, you should pay attention to the nitrogen content. For example, potassium nitrate contains about half the composition of potassium, but also more than 10% nitrogen; nitrophoska contains approximately the same proportion of all macroelements, including nitrogen. And nitrogen at this time is harmful to figs. We must not forget that fertilizers are always applied after watering, so as not to burn the root system of the plant.

Pruning and shaping the bush

The method of forming the fig crown depends on the growing method. Formation of a high trunk. At a meter height, 6-8 of the healthiest strong branches are selected, the rest are cut to the base. Second-stage branches will develop on the remaining shoots.

Subsequent shaping by pinching (pinching) the emerging young shoots should result in a sparse, wide crown that allows sunlight and air to pass through well; Formation of a low trunk. The same principle as with a high trunk, but at the level of half a meter in height. The frequency and intensity of pruning depend on the variety: low-growing fig trees do not need much pruning, but vigorous ones require constant monitoring for proper formation;

Forming a compact shape on a trellis. Three strong shoots are selected from the first year: two lateral shoots at a height of 20-30 cm are tied to a trellis and growth is directed parallel to the ground. When the horizontally growing branches reach a meter in length, they are allowed to grow upward. The middle shoot should grow vertically. Next year, the central vertical trunk will need to be cut back again at a level of 20 cm above the new branches. The young branches are again spread to the sides and fixed at the next level of the trellis, and the central trunk, branching, will grow upward, after which the procedure will be repeated in the third and fourth years. The result is a four-tier compact form, convenient for processing and harvesting. Unusual view wood can become a decorative element of the garden;

Forming figs in a shallow trench. Four shoots of a young fig tree are spread from the center in opposite directions: two sleeves in one direction of the trench, two sleeves in the other. The shoots are bent to the ground, tied with a load or pressed down (with a stone, brick). When new shoots begin to grow on these arms, or shoulders, pruning begins: shoots that grow down toward the ground are cut off, and those that immediately stretch upward from the outer part of the trunk are left. They will have green leaves and fruits; Formation of figs in a deep trench. After planting the tree in a deep trench, up to 4 strong shoots are left, the rest are cut out. Over the next two years, young shoots will grow, on which fruits will set and ripen. Subsequently, all adult shoots must be pinched at a length of about 50 cm to stimulate the growth of the next line of fruitful branches.

It is important to remember that the cuts must be covered with garden varnish so that the wound heals faster and the tree does not become infected.

Features of care at different times of the year

A new growing season for figs begins during the spring release from winter shelter. It is important to do this in a timely manner, because with the onset of heat under cover, the plant very quickly damps out and dies. It is better to pour hot water over the not yet thawed soil around the fig and make a greenhouse that protects the tree from changes in day and night temperatures, rather than it “burning” under an already unnecessary shelter. Crown formation and pruning are also spring concerns for the gardener. In summer, care comes down to pinching shoots, watering, fertilizing and harvesting.

In the fall, by building a greenhouse, you can ensure the ripening of all the fruits remaining on the branches. And a month after the end of fruiting, carry out the last watering, formative and sanitary pruning. Good pruning in the fall is a must. All dry and damaged shoots are cut out to the base, without stumps, the shoots are shortened - it is easier to hide the lightweight crown in a winter shelter.

Preparing for winter

Figs, even in the southern regions of Russia - the Krasnodar Territory and Stavropol Territory - require mandatory shelter for the winter. It is easier to cover trench figs since they are already in the depression. To do this, bend the branches to the ground, fix them, and cover them with leaves. The trench is covered with polystyrene foam, boards, sheet plywood, covered with film on top and the entire system is completely covered with at least 10 cm of soil. Low standard and bush fig trees are tied and wrapped in several layers with covering material or burlap. The base is covered with earth on all sides and covered with spruce branches.

Diseases and pests

Fusarium fruit blight is a practically incurable fungal disease. Prevention requires autumn and early spring treatment fungicides, high-quality sanitary pruning; Anthracnose. Better conditions for distribution - high humidity at high temperature, that is, greenhouse conditions. Fungicides are used for prevention and treatment; Souring of fruits. The fruits become colorless or pinkish and watery inside. Figs are attacked by pests: moths, leaf rollers, psyllids, and pine beetles. To control pests, special preparations are used (Durban, Furafon). Maintaining garden hygiene (cleaning up carrion, burning diseased plant debris) will be an excellent preventive measure.

Fig propagation

Propagation by cuttings

The main method of propagating a fig tree is cuttings. When propagated by cuttings, the first harvest can be collected within a year.

When choosing branches for cuttings, preference is given to mature shoots that have at least 4 internodes.

Cut from below at an angle, a centimeter above the bud. The upper cut is made evenly, perpendicularly, a centimeter up from the bud. The cuttings are placed in warm water to speed up the secretion of milky juice. For the same purpose, the cuttings are kept in a cool (and dry!) ​​place for about 6 hours. After the cutting has sap, its lower edge is cut and scratched longitudinally to stimulate root formation. Then the cuttings are placed in water with the addition of a root formation stimulator. After growing a good root system, the cuttings are planted in open ground.

Seed method

Propagating figs by seeds is a labor-intensive and time-consuming process. It will take 2 years from germination to planting in open ground, during which the fig tree should grow at home.

You can grow figs from purchased seeds, but many tips include a warning: the seeds must be fresh.

To obtain your fig seeds, choose the most ripe fruit, remove the pulp from the peel, put it in a bowl and leave it in a warm place for 4-5 days. Afterwards, the seeds are selected from the fermented mass, cleared of any remaining pulp, washed of juice and dried. Fig seeds are sown in February. For germination, use a plastic container to create a greenhouse effect. The seeds are sown in soil made from humus, sand, turf soil, and planted to a depth of 0.5 cm. For three months, while waiting for the figs to sprout from the seeds, the soil is sprayed and ventilated. The emerging seedlings are grown up to 8 leaves, after which they are planted in separate containers, the diameter of which must be at least 10 cm.

The plant overwinters indoors for two years and spends the summer outdoors. fresh air. Regular watering and periodic feeding are the basis for caring for homemade figs. Two-year-old trees are planted in open ground.

Reproduction by layering

If the lower branches are pinned to the soil, dug in, and watered, they will soon give roots and become excellent planting material next year.

Harvesting

When the fruits take on the color characteristic of the variety, become soft, and drops of nectar appear on the skin, it is time to harvest. Another sign of ripeness is the absence of juice when the fruit separates from the shoot. Since the ripening of figs is an uneven process, the fruits are removed gradually as they ripen.

Varieties for open ground

The main criteria for choosing a variety are frost resistance, ripening time, yield, size and taste of the fruit.

The further north the growing region, the more important it is to choose self-fertile varieties, since in cold latitudes there are no insects capable of pollinating figs.

Among the self-fertile varieties of figs, the following are most popular:

• “white Adriatic” with yellow-green fruits at the stage of full maturity, the flesh of which is colored pink;
• “Dalmatian” (“dalmatika”) - cold-resistant fig with pear-shaped gray-green fruits with a sweet and sour taste;
• “Kadota” - berries with the outlines of pear fruits, sweet, cold-resistant variety;
• "Brunswick" - long-fruited;
• “tiger” - striped fruits with a sweet berry taste;
• “Turkish” - frost-resistant.

Of course, growing figs in unusual conditions is a labor-intensive process that requires patience and strength. But if we put aside doubts about success and uncertainty about our capabilities, then tasting the fruit of a fig tree grown with our own hands is a completely doable task.