4 . Rules for loading, unloading, placing and securing cargo on a vehicle

4.1. To carry out loading and unloading operations with goods carried by vehicles, consignors and consignees must have loading and unloading areas with access roads to them, ensuring unhindered passage and maneuvering of vehicles, as well as the ability to work at night with proper lighting for workers. places.

4.2. Loading and unloading sites must be equipped with machines and devices for mechanized loading and unloading of goods; ensure compliance with fire, sanitary and environmental standards; ensure the safety of the cargo and the safety of the personnel working at these sites; have, if necessary, weight and other equipment for determining the mass and quality of the transported cargo, as well as telephone and other means of communication.

The number and equipment of loading (unloading) posts with devices for loading and unloading operations at the sites should correspond to the type and volume of the cargo being transported and ensure minimal downtime of vehicles during loading and unloading.

4.3. Loading cargo onto a vehicle, securing, lashing and sheltering cargo, opening and closing the sides of the platform, tank hatches, lowering and removing hoses from tank hatches, screwing and unscrewing hoses, removing and installing removable awnings at loading points is carried out by the consignor; unloading of cargo, removal of fastenings and shelters of cargo, as well as performance of the operations noted above with the sides of the platform, removable awnings, hatches and hoses of tanks at the points of unloading, is carried out by the consignee, unless otherwise provided by an agreement between them.

When cargo is loaded by the consignor, the responsibility for damage and damage to the cargo during loading, as well as for the consequences of improper fastening and placement of the cargo in the vehicle body (damage to the cargo during transportation, its displacement, overturning) lies with the consignor.

The carrier must control the processes of loading, fastening and placement of cargo in the body of the vehicle carried out by the consignor, closing the sides (hatches) and others specified in clause 4.3. operations, except for those cases when the representative of the carrier is not admitted to the place of loading of the cargo. If the consignor fails to comply with the requirements of the carrier for the placement and securing of goods, as well as other requirements specified in paragraph 4.3. operations, the carrier may refuse to carry out the carriage of goods with compensation to him by the consignor of the corresponding costs.

In the event of disagreement between the carrier and the shipper regarding the security of the stowage and securing of the cargo, the shipper must provide documentary evidence of the security by the signature of his competent authorized person on the bill of lading.

4.4. Before starting the movement and on the way, the driver is obliged, if there is an objective possibility, to control the placement, fastening and condition of the cargo in the body of the vehicle in order to prevent it from shifting and falling. If the placement, fastening, condition of the load pose a threat to road safety, the driver must take measures to eliminate the danger or stop further movement.

4.5. The carrier under a contract for the carriage of goods with the customer (consignor or consignee) may assume the performance of loading and unloading operations on the terms provided for in the relevant contract, taking into account the customer's preliminary preparation of cargo, the provision of parking spaces and minor repairs of loading and unloading machines and devices carrier, office space for changing rooms and rest areas for workers.

In the event that the carrier, under an agreement with the customer, assumes the performance of loading and unloading operations, placement and securing of cargo in the body of the vehicle and other operations, liability for damage to the cargo during the performance of these works and for the consequences of improper implementation of the relevant operations lies with carrier.

4.6. The participation of the driver of the vehicle in the loading and unloading of cargo is possible only with his consent, as well as the consent of the carrier, in a manner that does not contradict the rules of labor protection and safety in the production of loading and unloading operations in road transport. At the same time, when loading, the driver takes the cargo in the body, and when unloading, he delivers the cargo from the vehicle body.

When using vehicles equipped with lifting devices, the control of the lifting device is carried out by the driver of such a vehicle.

4.7. The consignor must ensure that the cargo is loaded into the carrier's vehicle in accordance with the type of cargo agreed in the application/order, its weight and quantity, as well as the time of work.

4.8. When transporting goods with a small volumetric weight, the carrier, in agreement with the consignor, may take measures to ensure an increase in the use of the carrying capacity of the vehicle.

To prevent loss of loose and bulk cargo during transportation, the consignor must load them in such a way that the surface of the cargo does not protrude beyond the upper edges of the open body of the vehicle. At the same time, the carrier, together with the consignor, ensures that such goods are covered with tarpaulins or other devices.

4.9. Piece cargo, the loading of which onto vehicles and unloading without the use of mechanization requires a lot of time and labor, must be packed in transport packages or containers before loading by the consignor, taking into account the provision of a mechanized method of loading and unloading.

The procedure for the formation of overpacks and the loading of containers must comply with the Rules for the carriage of goods in containers and overpacks (section 11 of the Rules), as well as the technical conditions for the manufacture, transportation and storage of manufacturers' products.

4.10. When carrying out loading operations, the consignor is obliged:

a) evenly place loads over the entire floor area of ​​the body of the vehicle or container, preventing eccentric distribution of the load in the body (container) and axle loads in excess of the values ​​established for the vehicle in real road conditions;

b) stack homogeneous piece goods in the body of a vehicle (container) in compliance with the same number of tiers and ensure reliable fastening of the upper tier of the stack;

c) place heavier loads closer to the axis of symmetry of the vehicle (container) body;

d) ensure the establishment of the center of gravity of the cargo as low as possible and in the middle of the length of the vehicle body (container);

e) prevent the stowage of cargoes with a higher volumetric weight on cargoes with a lower volumetric weight;

f) fill the gaps between the stack of cargo and the walls of the body (container) using various fasteners (gaskets, inflatable containers and other devices);

g) when loading long loads (pipes, rolled steel, timber, etc.) of different sizes, different lengths and thicknesses, select them the same in each individual row, longer loads should be placed in the lower rows.

4.11. In order to prevent tipping or displacement of cargo in the body during the movement of the vehicle, the consignor is obliged to securely fasten it in the body of the vehicle using its own means of fastening, unless otherwise provided in the contract of carriage.

4.12. The choice of means of fastening cargo in the body of the vehicle (belts, chains, cables, wooden blocks, stops, anti-slip mats, etc.) is carried out by the consignor, taking into account road safety, the safety of the transported cargo and the vehicle.

4.13. Loads of a large mass, the loading of which can only be carried out by mechanized means, must have loops, eyes, protrusions or other special devices for gripping when using lifting machines and devices.

When transporting these goods, based on the need to ensure traffic safety, the driver before starting the movement, as well as during the movement, is obliged to check the condition of the placement and fastening of the cargo on the vehicle.

4.14. Securing the load with nails, staples or other methods that damage the vehicle is not allowed.

4.15. The consignor (consignee) must provide, install and remove trays, belts, wire, other devices and auxiliary materials necessary for loading and transportation, unless otherwise provided in the contract of carriage.

The carrier may, for an additional fee, provide a tarpaulin and other materials for sheltering and lashing cargo, if this is provided for by the contract of carriage.

4.16. For the transportation of certain types of cargo, the carrier, by agreement with the consignor or consignee, can carry out additional equipment of the vehicle body, taking into account the requirements of applicable standards, rules and regulations.

4.17. Devices for ensuring the safety of goods and performing loading and unloading operations belonging to the consignor are transferred by the carrier to the consignee at the point of unloading together with the cargo or returned to the consignor at the point of loading or another place in accordance with the contract of carriage or indicated in the waybill.

4.18. If the carrier discovers that the stowage or securing of the cargo on the vehicle does not comply with the requirements of road safety, as well as the requirements for ensuring the safety of the cargo or the vehicle, the carrier must notify the customer about this and refuse to carry out the transportation until the customer eliminates the noticed deficiencies.

4.19. The time of arrival of the vehicle for loading is calculated from the moment the driver presents the waybill and the identity document to the consignor, and the time of arrival of the vehicle for unloading - from the moment the consignee presents the consignment note at the unloading point.

When transporting goods in containers with their removal from vehicles, drawn up in such cases with an accompanying statement ( Annex 8 to the Rules), the time of delivery of an empty container to the consignor or a loaded container to the consignee is calculated from the moment the driver presents the accompanying statement: to the consignor at the loading point, and to the consignee at the unloading point.

4.20. The loading of cargo into a vehicle is considered completed if the cargo is loaded into the body of the vehicle and the bill of lading is properly drawn up on it and the necessary marks are made in it and in the waybill.

When the carrier submits a vehicle for loading at a previously agreed time, it is considered that the carrier has started to fulfill the contract at the agreed time. In this case, the consignor can accept the vehicle for loading from the moment of its actual arrival.

4.21. The unloading of the arrived cargo is considered completed if the cargo is completely unloaded from the vehicle, the consignee has drawn up a bill of lading, waybill and other documents for the transportation of cargo, and all the necessary work on cleaning the body has been completed.

4.22. If the consignor or consignee has an entrance gate or checkpoint, the time of arrival of the vehicle for loading or unloading is calculated from the moment the driver presents the waybill or waybill to the consignor (consignee) at the entrance gate or checkpoint.

4.23. The travel time of a vehicle from the gate or checkpoint to the place of loading or unloading and back is excluded when calculating the time spent by the vehicle under loading or unloading.

4.24. The consignor, the consignee are obliged to mark in the waybill and the consignment note the time of delivery of the vehicle to the points of loading and unloading, and the time of departure from them.

4.25. At the warehouses of forwarding enterprises (terminals), loading and unloading and other works related to the dispatch and receipt of goods (preparation of goods, fastening, shelter and other operations) are performed by these enterprises, unless otherwise established by the contract of carriage.

4.26. After unloading the cargo, the vehicle body or container must be cleaned of cargo residues by the consignee, and after the transportation of dangerous and perishable goods, animals, birds and other goods that pollute the body, washed and, if necessary, steamed or disinfected. The specified operations for cleaning and sanitizing the body of the vehicle, by agreement of the parties, can be performed by the carrier.

4.27. The consignor or consignee bears primary liability to the carrier for damage to the vehicle, respectively, when loading or unloading cargo, as well as in transit due to improper placement and securing of cargo in the amount of actual costs incurred by the carrier for the repair of the vehicle.

4.28. The consignor (consignee) is obliged to ensure loading (unloading) and issue transport and accompanying documents within the time period established by agreement of the parties and calculated from the moment the vehicle arrives for loading or unloading. In the event of excessive downtime of the vehicle during loading or unloading, as well as due to improper execution of transport and accompanying documents or their absence, the guilty party is obliged to pay the carrier a fine in the amount established by agreement of the parties, and in the absence of this agreement - in accordance with the Charter of Road Transport.

4.29. The basic norms for the idle time of cars and road trains at the points of loading and unloading goods are given in Annex 9 to the Rules.

The rules for loading cargo, unloading and safe transportation are regulated by documents such as the Automobile Charter and the Decree of the Ministry of Labor and Social Protection.

Loading and unloading works

The safety of loading and unloading is ensured by the following:

• the choice of a method for the correct production of work, as well as technological equipment and handling equipment;
• organization and preparation of the place of production of works on loading and unloading;
• the use of special protective equipment for workers;
• conducting a mandatory medical examination of persons admitted to loading and unloading and training employees.

To improve safety and labor productivity, it is important to rationally organize actions: select mechanisms, devices for capturing cargo, containers, a platform for performing work, disposition of the workforce, lighting the work site, fencing (marking), development of a production project and technological maps.
The use of means of mechanization of work should be ensured at the maximum level when loading and unloading goods. If the loading and unloading operations are of a small volume, the simplest means of mechanization are used to facilitate, speed up and make certain operations safe.

Norms of loading and unloading actions

Loading and unloading of goods over 60 kg and their lifting to a height of 3 m or more at motor transport and other enterprises, according to the rules, must be carried out mechanically.

It is necessary to move loads of more than 20 kg and unload them with the help of mechanization or lifting and transport devices.

It is possible to carry cargo on a horizontal surface on a stretcher for a distance of not more than 50 m, and only in exceptional cases.

When loading, unloading and moving cargo manually, it is necessary to strictly observe the limit norms established by law: adolescents under 16 years of age are not allowed to carry out heavy loading and unloading work.

If the load is moved by handcarts, all aisles should be lit and cleared, and care should be taken when transporting the load in hazardous areas:

• along railroad tracks;
• through railway crossings;
• in places of movement of automobile and other transport.

When loading and unloading goods in enclosed spaces, it is necessary to ensure conditions under which the content of harmful impurities and dust in the air in concentrations above the maximum allowable is excluded.

Employees of the enterprise loading and unloading dusty goods are required to use personal protective equipment.
Employees whom the consignor temporarily, not under the contract, involved in the performance of loading and unloading work must be fully instructed in labor protection.

Special rules for loading and unloading

When loading, unloading and transporting dangerous goods, additional special safety requirements must be followed.
Intersectoral rules on labor protection provide for special rules for the production of loading and unloading operations in transport:

• aviation;
• railway;
• horse-drawn;
• river.

Special security measures are also provided for loading and unloading operations in the following cases:

• container damage;
• lack of developed slinging methods;
• detection of circumstances not provided for by the rules.

Loading and unloading work is carried out in such cases under the direction and supervision of a person responsible for the safety of loading and unloading operations.

Organization of loading and unloading operations

The charter of road transport states that the consignor must load the cargo onto the vehicle, secure and shelter, and link. The consignee - unloading the cargo from the vehicle, removing coatings and fasteners. However, this rule is dispositive and applies only if the contract of carriage does not specify otherwise.
If the contract does not differentiate between loading and unloading duties, the consignor and the consignee shall respectively close and open the car sides, tank hatches, lowering, removing, screwing, unscrewing the hoses.
Loading and unloading of goods can be undertaken by a motor transport organization or enterprise by agreement with the consignee or consignor. This rule applies to the following goods:

• container, piece;
• rolling and barrel, which are delivered to trade or public catering enterprises with a small turnover of goods;
• other cargoes, in the presence of means of mechanization of works on loading and unloading at the motor transport enterprise.

Loading and unloading of goods may involve the participation of a driver, if this is prescribed in the agreement of the motor transport organization or enterprise with the consignee and the consignor. In this case, the driver takes the cargo from the car, and when unloading it, he delivers the cargo to the car.
When a motor transport company assumes obligations for loading and unloading operations, it is liable for damage or damage to the cargo if this happened through the fault of the carrier.
The consignor and consignee must maintain unloading and loading points, as well as ways for the access of vehicles carrying out transportation, at any time of the year in good condition. The consignor and consignee must ensure:

• vehicles for the carriage of goods - unhindered passage;
• availability of the necessary means of mechanization for unloading and loading;
• the right number of workers for loading and unloading goods from vehicles;
• inventory;
• workplace lighting;
• loading and unloading facilities.

The motor transport company and the consignor are obliged, when transporting goods, to load the rolling stock not exceeding the carrying capacity, but until the capacity of the train is fully used.
Unit cargo, which is transported without containers and loading / unloading of which into the rolling stock is impossible without loss of time, the consignor is obliged to combine into transport packages.
Heavy loads transported without containers must be equipped with special devices for building.
Before loading containers into the vehicle, the consignor is obliged, according to the contract, to check their commercial suitability in time. If defects are found that affect their safety during transportation, the shipper must refuse to load, making an appropriate note in the contract or waybill.
For the successful implementation of road transport, loading and unloading of goods, it is important that all parties adhere to the conditions prescribed in the contract.

In order to competently organize the process of loading and unloading, it is necessary to know the rules for doing this work. After all, its safety during transportation depends on how securely the cargo is fixed during loading. The unloading process is also of great importance, because ignoring safety rules can lead to injury to workers and damage to the cargo. The main conditions for organizing loading and unloading are specified in the Charter of Road Transport.

Work organization rules

It is the responsibility of the carrier to provide transport that is suitable for the transport of a particular cargo. The customer may refuse transport that does not comply with the application and safety standards. According to the Charter, the consignor is responsible for loading and securing cargo, and the consignee is responsible for removing the fastenings and unloading. Other distribution of duties may be specified in the contract.

The parties have the opportunity to draw up an agreement in the form of a separate document or to make additions regarding loading and unloading to the main contract of carriage. If transportation by road is planned on a long-term basis, then it is best to indicate the duties of loading and unloading in an annex to the contract.

The basic rules for performing work are as follows:

• the shipper is responsible for maintaining the loading points in good condition;
• changes in the design of transport by the customer can be carried out only with the consent of the carrier;
• if the load weighs more than 50 kilograms, then mechanical means must be used;
• the load must not protrude above the level of the sides;
• heavier loads should be placed at the bottom;
• it is necessary to securely fasten the load to avoid falling, scuffs and shifts;
• the load should not be higher than 4 meters from the road level.

Work Instructions

Loaders carrying out must undergo in-depth briefing. Working conditions are discussed in advance. Before starting loading, you should make sure that the transport is in good condition and that it meets the requirements for the transportation of a particular cargo. The equipment used must be of sufficient strength. The shipper is responsible for the suitability of the cargo for commercial purposes. .

If the driver discovers errors in loading, he must inform the shipper about this. If the customer refuses to correct the shortcomings, the driver may refuse the trip, motivating his decision by the fact that the shipper does not comply with safety regulations. Refusal is made in writing with detailed reasoning.

Work must be organized in accordance with GOST 12.3.002, GOST 12.3.009, GOST 12.3.020. The main instructions are specified in the Intersectoral Rules on Labor Protection. The whole complex of measures boils down to the fact that the work must be carried out in such a way as to minimize the risks of injury and damage to the cargo.

Video: "Instructions for loading and unloading operations"

Work safety requirements

For safe work, the following requirements must be observed:

• complex work should be automated;
• when laying out the cargo in rows, the width of the aisles should be at least 1 meter;
• the height of the racks should not exceed 1.6 meters;
• it is forbidden to carry weights on stairs without handrails;
• passages and driveways should not be cluttered;
• when using lifting equipment, an alarm should be used;
• work on slippery or damaged floors is prohibited.

Most of the work must be done mechanically. This will reduce the time and risk associated with loading and unloading. The procedure for performing work is indicated in the regulatory and technical documents. If loading and unloading is carried out manually, then the maximum standards should be adhered to.

For the proper organization of the loading and unloading process, you should familiarize yourself with the basic requirements for the performance of work. Ignorance of safety regulations can lead to disastrous consequences. To ensure safety, it is necessary to automate the loading and unloading process as much as possible.

CHARTER OF AUTOMOBILE TRANSPORT OF THE RSFSR)

1. Loading of goods onto a vehicle, securing, sheltering and lashing of goods must be carried out by the consignor, and unloading of goods from the vehicle, removal of fasteners and coatings - by the consignee.

The consignor and the consignee, respectively, close and open the sides of the vehicles and the hatches of the tankers, lower and remove the hoses from the hatches of the tankers, screw and unscrew the hoses.

In cases when at the checkpoints of the consignor (consignee), in accordance with the established rules, the cargo is inspected with the removal of the tarpaulin and the shelter of the goods after the inspection, the opening and closing of the hatches of tanks, etc., these operations are performed by the consignor (consignee).

2. The motor transport company or organization may, by agreement with the consignor or consignee, take over the loading and unloading of:

a) packaged, piece and rolled-barrel cargo delivered by a trade and public catering enterprise with a small turnover;

b) other goods if the motor transport enterprise or organization has means of mechanization for loading and unloading operations. In this case, the annual contract for the carriage of goods by road should provide for conditions that ensure the maximum use of loading and unloading mechanisms; the obligation of the consignor to carry out preliminary preparation of goods (palletization, containers, etc.) and provide a place for parking and minor repairs of loading and unloading mechanisms, as well as office space for changing rooms and rest for workers.

An agreement between a motor transport enterprise or organization with a consignor and consignee may provide for the participation of a driver in the loading and unloading of goods in the manner prescribed in the Rules for labor protection in road transport.

If the driver participates in loading or unloading, the driver, during loading, takes the cargo from the side of the vehicle, and during unloading, the cargo is delivered by the driver to the side of the vehicle.

3. In the event that motor transport enterprises or organizations, by agreement with the consignors (consignees), assume the production of loading and unloading operations, they are liable for damage to or damage to the cargo during loading and unloading that occurred through their fault.

4. When transporting construction and other goods in bulk, motor transport enterprises or organizations are obliged to organize the operation of vehicles, and consignors and consignees are obliged to ensure the receipt and release of goods every day in at least two shifts, including on weekends and holidays, preventing these days reducing the volume of loading - unloading.

5. The consignor and the consignee are obliged to keep the loading and unloading areas, as well as the access roads to them, in good condition at any time of the year to ensure unhindered passage and maneuvering of the rolling stock, as well as to provide adequate lighting for work in the evening and at night.

6. The consignor and the motor transport enterprise or organization, when transporting goods, are obliged, within the limits of the volumes of goods specified in the order (application) of the consignor (consignee), to load the rolling stock until its capacity is fully used, but not higher than its carrying capacity.

In the case of mass transportation of light cargo (including agricultural cargo), a motor transport company or organization is obliged to increase the sides or take other measures to ensure an increase in the use of the carrying capacity of the rolling stock.

When loading bulk cargo transported in bulk, the surface of the cargo should not protrude beyond the upper edges of the sides of the rolling stock in order to prevent the cargo from spilling out during movement.

7. Piece cargo transported without packaging (metal bars, pipes, etc.), the acceptance and loading of which is impossible without a significant loss of time, must be combined by the consignor into larger loading units by tying into bundles or coils of wire in 3 - 5 places. The strength of the tie must be such that it is possible to lift the crane hook by any wire tie.

8. Heavy loads without containers must have special devices for slinging: ledges, frames, loops, eyes, etc.

When transported on pallets, individual packages are stacked on them in such a way that it is possible to check the quantity without disturbing their position on the pallet and fastening (with the exception of closed box pallets transported behind the seals of the consignor).

9. Cargo must be stowed in the rolling stock and securely fastened so that there is no shift, fall, pressure on the doors, abrasions or damage to the cargo during transportation, and the safety of the rolling stock during loading, unloading and en route is ensured.

It is prohibited to fasten cargo with nails, brackets and other means that damage the rolling stock.

10. Necessary for loading and transportation devices, auxiliary materials (horses, racks, trays, wire, shield fences, slopes, etc.), as well as means necessary for warming cargo (blankets, mats, etc.), must be provided and installed by the shipper and removed by the consignee. Tarpaulins, ropes for shelter and lashing of loads are provided by a motor transport enterprise or organization with payment according to tariffs.

11. Additional equipment and equipment of vehicles for the carriage of certain cargo can be carried out by the consignor only in agreement with the motor transport enterprise or organization.

12. Motor transport enterprises or organizations may, under an agreement with the consignor and at his expense, re-equip car bodies.

13. All devices belonging to the consignor are issued by the motor transport enterprise or organization to the consignee together with the cargo or returned to the consignor in accordance with his indication in the consignment note at his expense.

14. The driver is obliged to check the compliance of the stowage and fastening of cargo on the rolling stock with the requirements of traffic safety and ensuring the safety of the rolling stock, as well as to inform the consignor of any irregularities in the stowage and fastening of the cargo that threaten its safety. The consignor, at the request of the driver, is obliged to eliminate the detected irregularities in the packing and securing of the cargo.

Based on traffic safety requirements, the driver is obliged to check the compliance of the dimensions of the cargo with the Rules of the Road, as well as the condition of the fastening and lashing of the cargo, which should prevent the cargo from shifting outside the body or falling out of the body.

15. The consignor and the consignee are obliged to ensure control over compliance with safety regulations in the production of loading and unloading operations and bear full responsibility for accidents that occurred as a result of their failure to comply with these rules.

When carrying out loading and unloading operations by a motor transport enterprise or organization, the responsibility for ensuring control over compliance with safety regulations in the production of loading and unloading operations, as well as responsibility for accidents that occurred as a result of non-compliance with these rules, is borne by the motor transport enterprise or organization.

16. The terms for loading cargo onto a vehicle and unloading cargo, as well as the terms for performing additional operations related to loading and unloading cargo, are established by the rules for applying tariffs. The specified time limits also apply in cases of loading trailers and semi-trailers.

The time of arrival of the car for loading is calculated from the moment the driver presents the waybill at the point of loading, and the time of arrival of the car for unloading - from the moment the driver presents the bill of lading at the point of unloading.

If there are entrance gates, or checkpoints, or cargo analysis laboratories at loading and unloading points (except for railway stations), the time of arrival of the car for loading or unloading is calculated from the moment the driver presents the waybill or waybill to the consignor or consignee at entrance gate, or at a checkpoint, or in a laboratory.

Loading and unloading are considered completed after the delivery to the driver of properly executed commodity-transport documents for the loaded or unloaded cargo.

The time of the car's run from the gate or checkpoint to the place of loading or unloading and back is excluded when calculating the time the car is under loading or unloading.

If the car arrives for loading before the agreed time, the car is considered to have arrived for loading at the agreed time, if the consignor does not accept it for loading from the moment of actual arrival.

Consignors, consignees are obliged to note in the bill of lading the time of arrival and departure of vehicles from points of loading and unloading.

The time of the car run from the gate or checkpoint to the place of loading or unloading and back, which is excluded when calculating the time the car is under loading or unloading, is determined in the contract for the carriage of goods by road.

17. Loading and unloading of goods in the part not provided for by the Charter of Road Transport of the RSFSR and this section of the Rules is carried out in accordance with the rules for the transportation of certain types of goods.

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LABOR SAFETY REGULATIONS ON ROAD VEHICLES R 0-200-01-95 (approved by Order of the Ministry of Transport of the Russian Federation dated 13-12-95 106) (2020) Actual in 2018

2.4. Loading, unloading and transportation of goods

2.4.1. General requirements

2.4.1.1. Loading and unloading of cargo, fastening them and awnings on a car, as well as opening and closing the sides of cars, semi-trailers and trailers are carried out by the forces and means of consignors, consignees or specialized organizations (bases, mechanization columns for loading and unloading operations, etc.) in compliance with these Rules .

Loading and unloading operations can be performed by drivers only if there is an additional condition in the agreement (contract).

2.4.1.2. Loading and unloading operations must be carried out under the guidance of a responsible person appointed by order of the head of the organization performing loading and unloading operations.

2.4.1.3. The driver is obliged to check the compliance of the stowage and the reliability of the fastening of goods and awnings on the rolling stock with the safety requirements and ensuring the safety of goods, and in case of detection of violations in the stowage and fastening of the cargo and awnings, require the person responsible for loading operations to eliminate them.

use car drivers as loaders for loading and unloading goods, with the exception of loading and unloading goods weighing (one place) no more than 15 kg for men and 7 kg for women (with their consent);

use faulty mechanisms and inventory.

2.4.1.5. Loading and unloading operations are carried out, as a rule, mechanized with the help of cranes, forklifts and other lifting equipment, and in small volumes - small-scale mechanization.

For loading (unloading) of goods weighing more than 50 kg, as well as when lifting goods to a height of more than 1.5 m, mechanization must be used.

When loading (unloading) containers on wheels, one loader is allowed to move a container that requires no more than 500 H (50 kg) of effort to move.

2.4.1.6. In exceptional cases, it is allowed to manually load (unload) cargo weighing 60 - 80 kg (one piece) by at least two loaders.

2.4.1.7. Women are prohibited from lifting and carrying weights manually in excess of the norms specified in Table 2.1 and corresponding to the regulatory legal act (clause 61 of Appendix 1 to these Rules).

Table 2.1

Notes. 1. The mass of the lifted and moved cargo includes the mass of the container - packaging.

2. When moving cargo on trolleys or containers, the applied force should not exceed 10 kg.

2.4.1.8. When carrying loads by loaders at a distance of up to 25 m for men, the following maximum load is allowed:

from 16 to 18 years - 16 kg;

Adolescents from 16 to 18 years old are allowed to load and unload only the following goods: bulk (gravel, clay, sand, grain, vegetables, etc.), lightweight (empty containers, fruits in small containers, etc.), piece ( brick, etc.), sawn timber (under-stock, tes, etc.).

2.4.1.9. Persons who are not directly related to these works are prohibited from being in the places of production of loading and unloading operations in the service area of ​​hoisting mechanisms.

2.4.1.10. The person responsible for the production of loading and unloading operations is obliged to check the serviceability of lifting mechanisms, rigging and other loading and unloading equipment before starting work.

The places of production of loading and unloading operations must comply with the requirements of the regulatory legal act (clause 62 of Appendix 1 to these Rules).

In order to avoid slipping in the places of work of hoisting mechanisms, slingers, riggers and loaders, ladders (scaffolds), platforms, passageways must be cleaned and, if necessary, sprinkled with sand or fine slag.

2.4.1.11. If during loading and unloading there is a danger to persons performing this work, then the person responsible for the production of loading and unloading operations must stop work and take measures to eliminate this danger.

2.4.1.12. Loads are only allowed to be taken from above the stack or heap.

2.4.1.13. Cars sent for the transportation of rolled-drum cargoes must be additionally equipped with wooden wedges and, if necessary, wooden spacers (boards).

2.4.1.14. In addition to the lunch break, loaders are provided with breaks for rest, which are included in their working hours.

The duration and distribution of these breaks are established by the internal regulations.

Smoking is allowed only during a break in work and only in a specially designated place.

2.4.2. Loading, transportation and unloading of goods

2.4.2.1. Cargoes transported by vehicles are divided into three categories by weight, and into four groups according to the degree of danger during loading, unloading and transportation.

Cargo groups:

1 - low-hazard (building materials, food products, etc.);

2 - dangerous in size;

3 - dusty or hot (cement, mineral fertilizers, asphalt, bitumen, etc.);

4 - dangerous goods in accordance with the regulatory legal act (clause 63 of Appendix 1 to these Rules).

Dangerous goods are divided into classes:

class 1 - explosives;

class 2 - gases compressed, liquefied and dissolved under pressure;

class 3 - flammable liquids;

class 4 - flammable substances and materials;

class 5 - oxidizing agents and organic peroxides;

class 6 - poisonous (toxic) substances;

class 8 - caustic and corrosive substances;

class 9 - other dangerous goods not included by their properties in any of the previous classes.

Transportation of dangerous goods is carried out in accordance with the current regulatory legal act (clause 64 of Appendix 1 to these Rules).

2.4.2.2. The movement of goods of category 1 from the warehouse to the place of loading or from the place of unloading to the warehouse can be organized manually if the horizontal distance does not exceed 25 m, and for bulk cargo (carried in bulk) - 3.5 m.

At a greater distance, such goods must be transported by mechanisms and devices.

Transportation, loading and unloading of goods of categories 2 and 3 at all permanent and temporary loading and unloading sites (points) must be mechanized.

2.4.2.3. When loading the car body with bulk cargo, it should not rise above the sides of the body (standard or extended) and should be evenly distributed over the entire area of ​​the body.

2.4.2.4. Piece loads that rise above the sides of the body must be tied with strong, serviceable rigging (ropes, ropes).

2.4.2.5. Box, rolling-drum and other piece cargo must be tightly stowed without gaps, strengthened or tied so that during movement (sharp braking, starting off and sharp turns) it cannot move along the floor of the body. If there are gaps between the places of cargo, strong wooden spacers and spacers should be inserted between them.

2.4.2.6. When laying loads and rolled-drum containers in several rows, they are rolled along the slabs with a side surface. Barrels with liquid cargo are installed with the stopper up. Each row should be laid on boards with wedging of all extreme rows.

2.4.2.7. It is allowed to load (unload) rolled-drum cargoes manually by rolling. If the floor of the site and the floor of the body are located at different levels, then rolled-drum cargoes must be loaded (unloaded) on the sleds by two workers manually with a mass of one piece of not more than 80 kg, and with a mass of more than 80 kg these goods can be loaded (unloaded) using strong ropes or mechanisms.

2.4.2.8. Glass containers with liquids are accepted for transportation only in special packaging. It must be installed vertically (cork up).

2.4.2.9. When moving box loads, in order to avoid injury to hands, each box must be inspected beforehand. Protruding nails and the ends of the metal upholstery of the boxes must be driven in (or removed).

2.4.2.10. Dusty cargoes are allowed to be transported in rolling stock (open bodies) equipped with canopies and seals.

2.4.2.11. Drivers and workers involved in the transportation, loading and unloading of dusty goods must be provided with dust-proof goggles and respirators, and poisonous substances with gas masks.

Overalls should be dusted or neutralized daily.

When working in respirators or gas masks, workers should be provided with periodic rest with their removal.

The respirator filter should be changed as it gets dirty, but at least once per shift.

2.4.2.12. Cargoes exceeding the dimensions of the rolling stock in length by 2 m or more (long-length cargoes) are transported on vehicles with trailers - dissolutions, to which the cargoes must be securely attached.

Loading and unloading of long piece goods (rails, pipes, beams, logs, etc.), as a rule, must be mechanized; unloading manually requires the mandatory use of strong slings. This work must be carried out by at least two loaders.

When transporting long loads of different lengths at the same time, shorter loads must be placed on top.

2.4.2.13. When loading long loads onto a car with a trailer - dissolution, it is necessary to leave a gap between the shield installed behind the cab of the car and the ends of the load so that the load does not cling to the shield during turns and turns. To prevent the load from moving forward during braking and downhill driving, the load must be securely fastened.

2.4.2.14. Loading and unloading of semi-trailers - panel carriers should be carried out by smoothly lowering (raising) the panels without jerks and shocks.

2.4.2.15. Semi-trailers must be loaded from the front (to avoid tipping) and unloaded from the rear.

2.4.2.16. Dangerous goods and empty containers from under them are accepted for transportation and transported in accordance with the regulatory legal act (clause 64 of Appendix 1 to these Rules).

2.4.2.17. Dangerous goods are accepted for transportation in special sealed containers. Sealing containers with dangerous goods is mandatory.

Empty dangerous goods containers that have not been neutralized must be sealed.

2.4.2.18. All packages containing hazardous substances must have labels indicating: the type of hazard of the cargo, the top of the package, the presence of fragile vessels in the package.

2.4.2.19. Loading and unloading of tank trucks can be done by gravity, as well as pumping using pumps designed for certain substances through serviceable hoses or pipes.

2.4.2.20. With an automatic filling system for flammable liquids, the driver must be at the emergency filling stop panel, and when pouring ammonia water into tanks, the driver must be on the windward side.

2.4.1.21. Loading of dangerous goods on the vehicle and unloading it from the vehicle is carried out only with the engine turned off, with the exception of loading oil products into the tanker, as well as loading, performed using a pump installed on the vehicle and driven by the vehicle engine. The driver in this case is at the pump control panel.

joint transport of hazardous substances and foodstuffs or feed cargoes;

smoking and use of open fire when loading, unloading and transporting explosive cargo;

use a metal cable or wire to tie the load;

use other objects instead of wooden wedges for wedging the load;

carrying rolled-drum loads on the back (shoulder) regardless of their weight;

to be in front of rolled-drum loads or behind loads rolled along the tracks;

roll loads on a horizontal plane, pushing them over the edges;

to load hot cargoes into wooden bodies;

transport goods with ends protruding beyond the side dimensions of the vehicle;

block the driver's cabin doors with cargo;

load long loads above the bunk racks;

fasten a long load or conics, standing on it;

place the load in a glass container on top of each other (in two rows) without appropriate spacers that protect the lower row from breaking during movement.

2.4.2.23. In the event of a forced stop of a car with dangerous goods, including due to its technical malfunction, the driver is obliged to put up an emergency stop sign or a flashing red light at a distance of 30 - 40 m behind the car in accordance with the current regulatory legal act (clause 51 of Appendix 1 to of these Rules) and take measures to evacuate the car off the road, if it is provided for by the conditions of transportation of dangerous goods. If the problem cannot be fixed on your own, technical assistance should be called.

2.4.3. Lifting and transport works

2.4.3.1. Only drivers who have been trained and who have a valid certificate for the right to perform this work are allowed to drive a truck crane.

The truck crane driver is responsible for the safe operation of the truck crane, as well as for fire safety.

2.4.3.2. The crane driver must:

before starting work, check the condition of the truck crane and the operation of all mechanisms;

know the nature of the work to be done;

before starting to lift the load, be sure to lower and secure all the stops that ensure the stable position of the crane;

do not start cargo operations without making sure the safety of the surrounding persons;

give a signal before starting the movement of goods;

during the preparation of goods for lifting, monitor the fastening and prevent the lifting of poorly secured loads;

lift the load to a height of up to 0.5 m and make sure that the brakes are holding, that the load is well suspended, that the crane is stable, then continue lifting;

monitor the work of slingers and do not turn on the crane mechanisms without their signal;

accept signals for work from only one slinger - signalman; a stop alarm is accepted from any person making it;

stack loads on racks and rolling stock evenly, without overloading one of the sides;

lower the load smoothly;

after finishing work, lower and secure the boom in the transport position.

2.4.3.3. The crane driver is prohibited from:

lift a load, the mass of which exceeds the load capacity of the truck crane at a given boom reach, as well as the maximum load capacity of the truck crane;

lift a load of unspecified mass, covered with earth or littered with any objects, frozen to the ground or to another object;

allow swinging of the lifted load;

pull out poles, piles, sheet piles, etc. from the ground;

work at a wind speed of 14 m/s or more;

operate a faulty truck crane (all noticed malfunctions must be immediately eliminated);

load (unload) in case of faulty lighting of the truck crane or insufficient illumination of the working site in the dark;

work without fixed stops;

move the load by pulling or lifting with an oblique tension of the cargo cable;

brake sharply when lifting, lowering the load or turning the crane installation;

move the truck crane with a lifted load;

move loads over people;

work with a rope that has dents, breaks of at least one strand or broken wires more than is allowed by the current regulatory legal act (clause 65 of Appendix 1 to these Rules);

work under power lines and in other hazardous areas without special permission.

2.4.3.4. Lifting of loads by two or more truck cranes is allowed only under the guidance of a specially appointed employee of the enterprise operating truck cranes.

2.4.3.5. Maintenance of the electrical equipment of truck cranes is allowed to be performed only by persons who have the appropriate certificates.

2.4.3.6. When servicing truck cranes with an electric drive, it is necessary:

check the insulation resistance of electrical equipment and wires within the time limits established by the current regulatory legal act (clause 35 of Appendix 1 to these Rules);

all repair and adjustment work must be carried out only when the voltage is off;

for the period of repair of equipment to prevent erroneous switching on of power supply, on the control panel in the cab of the truck crane and on the installation machines, hang out the poster "Do not turn on - people are working!";

perform work with power supply from the external network only if the crane installation is zeroed.

2.4.3.7. It is forbidden to work on a truck crane with an electric drive:

with faulty or removed casings (guards) of current-carrying parts;

with bare electrical wiring;

in case of violation of the grounding wiring;

with open doors of electrical cabinets;

without a rubber mat in the cab, as well as touching live parts of the unit.

2.4.3.8. The movement of conveyors - conveyors, their rolling onto the scaffolding and descent must be carried out under the guidance of a responsible person from among the specialists. At the same time, measures must be taken to ensure the safety of workers engaged in moving the conveyor - conveyor.

2.4.3.9. Drive drums, frames of conveyors - conveyors must have a fence.

2.4.3.10. The conveyor-conveyor should be installed so that there are passages at least 1 m wide on the sides.

eliminate slippage of the conveyor belts during its operation (on the go) by adding earth, sand, etc. on the drum, as well as correct the load and clean the conveyor belt with your hands;

move the conveyor in working position; before moving and at the end of work, it is necessary to lower the conveyor to the lowest position;

independently connect the electric motor of the conveyor - conveyor to the network, except for the electrician on duty;

use the tail lift of the vehicle to raise or lower people.

2.4.4. The container transporting

2.4.4.1. The car body must be cleaned of foreign objects, as well as snow, ice, debris, etc., before being delivered to the place of loading containers.

Preparation of the container, its loading, loading and unloading from the vehicle (road train) must be carried out by the consignor or consignee without involving a driver in these works.

The control of a special device installed on a vehicle for mechanized loading (unloading) of containers is carried out by the driver.

2.4.4.2. The driver is obliged to inspect the loaded containers in order to determine the correct loading, serviceability and sealing, as well as the reliability of fastening containers on specialized semi-trailers or universal vehicles (road trains).

2.4.4.3. The roofs of containers must be cleared by the consignor (consignee) of snow, debris and other items.

2.4.4.4. During the loading of containers onto the vehicle (unloading), the driver is prohibited from being in the cab, the body, and also at a distance of less than 5 m from the area of ​​action of the lifting mechanism (with the exception of the driver of the vehicle - self-loader).

Employees involved in loading and unloading operations should not be on the container and inside it during the lifting, lowering and moving of the container, as well as on nearby containers.

2.4.4.5. It is allowed to transport containers in the body of a car that do not exceed the established overall dimensions in height (3.8 m).

2.4.4.6. Passage of people in the body of the car where the containers are installed, and in the containers themselves is prohibited.

2.4.4.7. When transporting containers, the driver must take special precautions:

do not brake sharply;

slow down on curves, curves and bumps in the road;

pay special attention to the height of gates, overpasses, contact networks, trees, etc.

2.4.5. Rigging, slinging works

2.4.5.1. Persons not younger than 18 years of age who have undergone a medical examination and training and have a certificate for the right to carry out slinging and lifting operations are allowed to perform slinging and rigging work.

If auxiliary workers are involved in tying cargo, then the slinger is the senior and responsible for the performance of the work.

When joint work is performed by several slingers, one of them is appointed senior.

2.4.5.2. The slinger has the right to sling only that load, the mass of which is known to him. The mass of the lifted load must not exceed the maximum loads of the slings indicated on the tag and the loads of the lifting device.

2.4.5.3. Ropes, chains are applied evenly to the load, without knots and twisting, and on the sharp edges of the load, gaskets should be placed under the slings to protect the ropes and chains from kinks and chafing.

With double hooks, the load to be lifted should be suspended evenly from both horns. The load must be suspended, taking into account the center of gravity, so that when it is lifted, it simultaneously breaks away from the ground or support with the entire supporting plane.

2.4.5.4. It is necessary to lower the load so that the slings are not pinched by it and can be easily removed from it.

2.4.5.5. You can remove the slings only after placing the load on the support.

2.4.5.6. When laying round loads on a plane, it is necessary to prevent the possibility of their rolling by supplying spacers, stops, etc.

2.4.5.7. When lifting, turning and lowering bulky and lengthy loads, it is allowed to guide them only with the help of a brace (brace) from a steel or hemp rope of the required length or light hooks.

2.4.5.8. The slings for the load must be hooked up with thick wire hooks or hooks.

2.4.5.9. Before lifting the load with a crane (mechanism), all unauthorized persons are removed to a safe distance. The slinger, being away from the load, gives the crane operator (the operator of the lifting mechanism) signals about the movement of the load. After lifting the load by 0.5 m, the slinger is obliged to give a stop signal, inspect the load lashing, check the fastening and alignment, and, if everything is in order, allow the movement to continue in the required direction.

2.4.5.10. If the strapping fails, the load must be immediately lowered to its original position, and further lifting is allowed only after the troubleshooting.

2.4.5.11. Before lowering the load, the slinger must check the place for its installation and make sure that the lowered load does not fall, tip over or slide to the side.

2.4.5.12. Slingers are prohibited from:

install the load on temporary ceilings, gas and steam pipelines, cables, etc., as well as stand on the transported load or be under it;

use faulty or worn-out pulling devices, as well as devices whose test period has expired;

correct (move) with blows of a sledgehammer, crowbar, etc. branches of slings with which the cargo is tied;

hold the slings slipping when lifting the load with your hands or tongs (in such cases, you must first lower the load onto the support, and then correct the sling);

balance the load with the weight of one's own body or support the outweighed parts of the load during its movement;

guide the load by hand;

crawl under a raised load for a sling.

2.4.6. Work on auto- and electric forklifts (loaders)

2.4.6.1. Persons who have a driver's license and a certificate for the right to operate a forklift can work on a forklift.

2.4.6.2. The electric forklift can be operated by persons not younger than 18 years of age who have passed a medical examination, training and certification for the right to drive and for the II electrical safety group.

2.4.6.3. Forklifts with loader wheels should only be used on hard and level surfaces, while pneumatic tire forklifts should also be used on stone (crushed stone) surfaces and leveled earthen areas.

2.4.6.4. During stacking (dismantling) of stacks of goods by loaders in the area of ​​their work, the paths of manual carrying and transportation of goods should not pass, and reloading operations should not be performed.

The area of ​​work of the loader means the platform necessary for its maneuvering when approaching the place of loading or unloading and back.

2.4.6.5. Before the forklift enters the bottleneck between stacks, equipment, structural elements of buildings and structures, the driver must stop the forklift and make sure that there are no people in the area of ​​the forklift operation.

2.4.6.6. When operating a forklift, the following requirements must be observed:

the load must be placed on the gripping fork in such a way that no overturning moment occurs, while the load must be pressed against the frame of the forklift;

the load must be distributed evenly on both legs and can go forward beyond the fork by no more than 1/3 of the length of the legs;

oversized loads should not exceed the height of the loader's protective devices by more than 1 m, while a person should be allocated to guide the movement of the loader.

2.4.6.7. When working with a boom loader, you must first lift the load, and then transport it.

2.4.6.8. It is only allowed to transport loads when the forklift frame of the forklift is tilted back to the point of failure. The gripping device must provide a lifting height from the ground not less than the ground clearance of the loader and not more than 0.5 m for a loader on pneumatic tires and 0.25 m for a loader on loaders.

2.4.6.9. Long loads may only be transported on a forklift in open areas with a flat surface, and the method of grabbing the load must exclude the possibility of its collapse or falling to the side. The cargo must first be securely tied into packages.

2.4.6.10. The maximum longitudinal slope of the track, on which the transport of goods by loaders is allowed, should not exceed the angle of inclination of the frame of the forklift loader.

work on a faulty loader;

carry out maintenance or repair of the loader with the lifting devices raised (without insurance);

lift small-piece cargo on pallets above the protective device that protects the driver's workplace from falling cargo on it;

tear off a frozen or jammed load, lift the load if there is no clearance under it necessary for the free passage of the fork, and place the load with a crane directly on the loader gripping device;

transport flammable liquids on an electric forklift, as well as acids, if the battery is located under the loading platform;

operate electric forklifts if the electrical equipment panels, battery plugs, battery box cover are not closed;

use forklifts to transport and lift people;

push the load from the stack and drag it.