Modern construction is developing and improving daily. Advanced technologies are used at any technological stage of the construction of an object. A special area in which new materials and methods are used is the construction of the foundation from which the construction of each building begins. Not so long ago, builders used formwork structures assembled from panels and boards, but new methods have allowed the introduction of advanced techniques, which include the most promising option - fixed formwork for walls, which is an integral part of the reinforced concrete structure. The indisputable advantage of such formwork is the speed of installation. In addition, the house from the fixed formwork immediately turns out to be insulated, additional work on this issue will not have to be carried out.

Appropriateness for building a house

Fixed formwork, used in the construction of a house, gives its elements additional reliability and strength. In addition, this element contributes to the following factors:

• work on laying materials and erecting the necessary structures is accelerated;
• by reducing the thickness of the walls, the total mass of the structure is reduced;
• formwork structures of a fixed type are used in almost every design solution for the construction of facilities;
• modern materials for arranging formwork are used in various climatic conditions without changing their characteristics;
• the formwork system can differ in a molded or structured surface, which makes it possible not to carry out additional finishing of facades.

Varieties of fixed formwork for walls

Fixed formwork used to build a house is classified according to the materials used in the manufacture.

In most cases, builders use the following design options:

Styrofoam

The most common type of formwork system, for the manufacture of which a strong and lightweight material is used, characterized by high anti-corrosion capabilities. Expanded polystyrene formwork creates excellent thermal insulation properties, supports gas exchange in the concrete mass, ensuring uniformity of hardening and a set of required strength indicators.

Mortar with wood chips

Block material is prepared from a mortar mass, to which wood chips are added, pre-treated with fire-fighting and water-repellent agents. This type of formwork has good sound insulation. Due to the air bubbles formed near the chips, a good heat-insulating layer is obtained.

Fiberboard

For the manufacture of the same boards, wood shavings are used, for the connection of which cement material or magnesite is used. This option of fixed formwork for concrete walls is great for building foundation foundations. The design has sufficient strength, is not affected by moisture and temperature changes, does not allow vapors to pass through, and creates an excellent heat-insulating layer.

Advantages and disadvantages of houses with fixed formwork

Construction work at the facility using such a formwork system can be carried out at a negative air temperature of at least ten degrees.

If you analyze the reviews of the owners of houses built using this technology, you can understand how many positive and negative points it has. So let's take a look at the pros and cons of this advanced technology.

Let's start with the advantages:

• construction time is reduced, while saving money for additional insulation;
• the pressure on the foundation is reduced;
• when building houses from fixed formwork, there is no need to use serious lifting equipment;
• concrete mixture is poured with a concrete pump under low pressure. In addition, such work is allowed to be performed manually;
• walls are distinguished by a high coefficient of heat preservation;
• it is possible to erect objects of various configurations, the frame is mounted easily;
• a building erected using this technology is operated for a long period;
• with a small wall thickness, their strength indicator is comparable to brickwork;
• increases the usable space in the premises;
• additional protection against extraneous sounds and heat loss is not required. The exception is objects built in areas with a cold climate;
• the cost of heating the facility is reduced;

• formwork elements are produced in a large assortment according to their shape differences;
• the finishing process is simplified, since the walls do not need additional alignment. In addition, many developers use fixed decorative formwork for walls;
• the walls of the house are not subject to the processes of decay, mold, rodents;
• in the walls there is a possibility for laying communication pipes, for which special technological holes are provided in the formwork blocks;
• the corner sections of the object are distinguished by precise geometric shapes;
• from fixed formwork, you can build a strip foundation for the house, for which you don’t have to arrange a waterproofing layer - just lay the drainage system.

Unfortunately, in addition to the advantages, developers highlight certain negative points:

Some developers dismantle the foam layer inside the premises, which leads to a decrease in heat capacity.

Installation of various types of formwork for the walls of the house

To build a house from fixed formwork, you should know that the subtleties of installation work are determined by the material chosen for this. For example, a reinforced concrete block stone must be installed with a crane, which will increase the cost of installation work. If you decide to install fixed formwork for walls with your own hands, you should consider using foam blocks. In this case, the work is carried out easily, but you will have to know certain features. The fact is that erroneous actions made during the assembly of the formwork structure cause dew points to appear in the walls, which leads to the formation of dampness.

Technological features of the construction of a formwork structure made of foam plastic are as follows:

• a site for construction work is marked out, a foundation pit is dug, at the bottom of which a sand cushion up to fifteen centimeters high is arranged;
• after that, rolled waterproofing is overlapped;
• steel reinforcement is installed vertically, the lower row of horizontal rods is mounted;
• formwork blocks are set, connected to each other by light pressing;
• after installing the first row, the second is mounted, only reinforcement is inserted into the free grooves of the next block;
• as soon as the installation work is completed, the concrete solution is poured. Filling is carried out along the entire contour, in small layers.

Fixed formwork for walls is mounted in almost the same way. They begin to install it when all the work on pouring the foundation is completed. The layout of wall block elements begins with corner sections.

To build a fixed formwork for pouring the ceiling, telescopic support elements are used. For the manufacture of molds, sheet material is used - profiled sheets, wood concrete plates, foam plastic.

Finishing work

Consider how the interior decoration of a house is carried out, the walls of which are built from fixed formwork.

Facing work is necessary to increase the decorative effect and protect the material from external influences, and this feature applies to both block and frame structures. Taking into account the fact that it is not required to level the walls, many developers do without applying a thick layer of plaster. A fiberglass or metal mesh for reinforcement is simply applied to the adhesive composition, after which the surface is treated with putty or decorative plaster.

Note that the margin of safety of such walls is very solid, and it is quite enough to finish surfaces with tile or stone materials, sheathe them with siding, mounting it on a frame subsystem. Today, the building materials market offers a decorative formwork structure with a facing layer that imitates facade stone. True, this option is not in special demand, since its cost is quite high.

The evenness of the walls simplifies not only the exterior, but also the interior. In most cases, the surface is sheathed with drywall sheets attached to special profiles or to an adhesive composition.

There are no restrictions on finishing materials, but if the fixed formwork consists of polystyrene foam elements that do not allow air flow through themselves, it is recommended to use natural finishing materials.

Popular Designs

The most popular among fixed formwork are:

• radomir. The elements are made of a unique, safe for health material with a cellular structure. Block elements have a high density index, reaching 33 - 37 kg per cubic meter. The structure of the blocks consists of two percent polystyrene foam, the rest is air bubbles. Expanded polystyrene does not emit dust, toxic substances and unpleasant odors, it is considered an inert material, it perfectly passes air flows and steam, providing the necessary circulation in the living room. The thermal conductivity of the blocks is 0.037 - 0.043 W, which is several times lower than expanded clay stone, wood and brickwork. Cold bridges are not formed in the heat-insulating layer, which is considered another important advantage of the design. Radomir formwork reliably protects against impact noise, does not cause allergenic manifestations, and does not support combustion processes for two and a half hours. A wide range of formwork structures is produced, from which it is possible to build not only walls and ceilings, but also columns;
• "warm house". With the help of such a building system, the process of laying and installing sewerage, plumbing and electrical wiring is simplified. Construction work is carried out simply - individual formwork elements are laid in a row, connected with locks, poured with concrete mortar. Special knowledge for such work is not required; a building box by a team of four people can be erected in a few weeks. In order for the walls to turn out to be of high quality, when using the Warm House system, the base is carefully prepared - it is checked by a level so that the corners correspond to the design assignment, and it is smoothed out to prevent punctures and ruptures of the horizontal waterproofing layer. The formwork blocks are installed in rows, the end sections are closed with special plugs. After that, reinforcement is laid inside the formed tray and concrete mortar is poured;

• technoblock. This version of fixed formwork is distinguished by the presence of a decorative facing layer on the outside. Structurally, formwork elements consist of a pair of plates made in the form of a concrete lining. All separate parts are connected by locking elements, the thickness of the wall is twenty-three centimeters. The cladding is made of reinforced concrete slabs weighing up to thirty kilograms and measuring 1000 by 400 mm. Insulation material - dense polystyrene foam, the thickness of which varies from five to ten centimeters. Bolts, reinforcing bars, ties and brackets are used as auxiliary elements. For pouring concrete mortar there is a gap equal to fifteen centimeters. The formwork wall, which is dismantled after the concrete has hardened, is made of laminated plywood sheet, which has the ability to withstand moisture. This formwork design is distinguished by an acceptable cost, affordable for any developer. The building is well insulated. Due to the ease of installation, the construction process of the entire facility is accelerated. It is possible to combine various color shades and texture solutions, giving the facade walls a uniqueness.

Formwork cost

A monolithic object erected using a fixed formwork system will cost much less than an analogue made of brick material or wood. Prices for building materials differ by region, but the average cost per square meter of polystyrene block formwork varies between 800 and 1000 rubles. The total need for formwork elements can be calculated independently using special calculators, or you can ask for help from sellers who provide such a service for free.

The abundance of building technologies allows each developer to choose the best way to build a structure that suits him in all respects. In recent years, fixed formwork has been added to the traditionally demanded brick, block, and frame housing construction - a technology that causes a lot of controversy and has both supporters and opponents. Among users of the FORUMHOUSE portal, this topic is also relevant, it makes sense to consider it in more detail.

• Fixed formwork installation technology
• Finishing houses from fixed formwork

Design features of the "warm form"

The fixed formwork technology allows you to simultaneously build and insulate the structure, and is used for the construction of both the foundation and the box. This is a universal method used in private and multi-storey construction. It is based on the principle of monolithic reinforced concrete structures: the reinforcing cage is poured with concrete, but the formwork is not dismantled after the mortar has set, but remains an element of the "pie". In fact, the formwork is a form that allows the reinforced concrete "stuffing" to take a given geometric shape. But in the case of a non-removable variety, this is a heater, the use of which significantly reduces the heat loss of the building. The use of a fixed one began, continued with rectangular walls, today they also produce radial blocks: if you want, a bay window, if you want, a fantasy pool.

Monolith or fixed formwork is hollow blocks or slabs with lintels, additional interlocking of the rows is provided by the tongue-and-groove system.

The necessary additional elements are also produced - corner blocks, crown, plugs and the like. Initially, three types of raw materials were used for the production of fixed formwork.

• Polystyrene - based on it, foam plastic (PSB) and expanded polystyrene (PPS) blocks and plates are made.

• Polystyrene concrete - formwork made of mineral binder (cement) and granular (polystyrene) filler.

• Wood cement - in the composition of blocks and slabs - up to 90% of organic filler and cement as a binder. Usually, organic matter is represented by large fraction wood chips, but some manufacturers can add other plant materials (reed, reed, straw) to the mixture. Both in blocks and in slabs for external walls inside - a layer of insulation - expanded polystyrene (half of the internal volume), blocks for internal partitions are empty.

Varieties of fixed formwork

The most environmentally friendly formwork is made from wood chips, as it consists of natural raw materials and mineral binder and has good vapor permeability, but it costs much more than pure polystyrene. The bulk of houses built using fixed formwork technology are built from polystyrene foam blocks - they are more affordable than wood-cement blocks and stronger than foam blocks. The strength and durability of the formwork will depend on the density of the blocks. Unscrupulous manufacturers give out loose blocks as dense ones, and the necessary numbers are put down in the certificate of conformity.

In order not to be deceived, the user of our portal a991ru, professionally involved in construction, advises paying attention to weight - according to him, 1 mᶟ of high-quality, dense formwork should weigh at least 15 - 16 kg.

The main advantages of an insulated monolith include not only the speed of the construction process and financial availability, but also the possibility of self-construction even without the appropriate qualifications. Also, perfectly smooth (with proper installation) surfaces that do not require a thick plaster layer were recorded as pluses. Outside, decorative plaster or a hinged screen is enough, and from the inside, drywall is most often dispensed with.

Opponents of the technology call the harmfulness of PPS and low vapor permeability the main disadvantage - walls can release aggressive chemicals into the air, and the house becomes a thermos.

kubarik FORUMHOUSE Member

They built a house for a friend using the technology of fixed formwork - yes, the house turns out to be warm, but absolutely breathless - in winter the windows fog up, the humidity in the house is crazy. I contacted the customer, who was also built using this technology - the same trouble.

The hypothetical aggressiveness of the material is on the conscience of block manufacturers - high-quality raw materials and compliance with the formwork manufacturing technology minimizes the possibility of volatile compounds. If in doubt, the material you like can be taken to the local SES laboratory for testing. And in order to protect yourself from poisoning, you should carefully choose a supplier and not be fooled by too low prices, as an option - use a chip-cement or combined formwork. A properly organized ventilation system will help to avoid the effect of a thermos, which solves the problem of high humidity, and in case of violations, mold can appear on both brick and block walls. Although some FORUMHOUSE participants did not notice problems with indoor humidity even without additional ventilation.

kamzhenya Member of FORUMHOUSE

Regarding ventilation - in our region the climate is, you know, humid, even very - no extras. There is no ventilation in these houses. Well, there is no such problem, it is in practice.

Given that the region of residence of the portal participant is the Far East, fixed formwork is especially relevant due to its high seismic resistance: a monolithic structure is less susceptible to deformation.

Fixed formwork installation technology

The optimal foundation for fixed formwork is tape. If concrete blocks are used, it is desirable to pour a monolithic belt 30 cm thick on top. In the process of pouring the foundation, vertical reinforcing pins (diameter - from 10 mm) are mounted in it, which will later help to combine the base and the box into a single spatial structure. As in any construction process, waterproofing is performed between the foundation and the first row. Rolled membranes or film are pierced onto the pins. Welded bituminous mastics are not recommended for use under polystyrene foam blocks, preferably polyethylene or roofing felt with asphalt dressing. Under certain circumstances, waterproofing is dispensed with.

Kamfish Member of FORUMHOUSE

I made the tape, let out the fittings, did not lay the waterproofing. But then the walls of the basement were sheathed with CSP and waterproofed with welded material. The base is approximately 1.8 meters.

When assembling the first row, strict observance of the level is mandatory. The skew is leveled with glue or cement mortar. Blocks begin to lay out from the corners, stringing on the reinforcement. After assembling the first row, horizontal reinforcement is overlapped in the grooves and connected with wire twists to the vertical one, some use plastic ties. The second row is assembled in the same way. Masonry imitates brickwork - displacement of adjacent rows in order to increase the strength of the monolith. The groove system additionally fixes and seals the seams and joints, the grooves are not allowed to diverge, otherwise cold bridges will result.

Depending on the type of blocks or plates and the manufacturer's recommendations, the segments can be additionally fastened together with wire or staples. Dmitry Kov, who built a house for himself using the technology of fixed formwork from polystyrene foam blocks, created the following reinforcing cage.

Dmitry Kov Member of FORUMHOUSE

I put vertical reinforcement in about sixty centimeters, horizontal - in two rows. Naturally, I strengthened all window and door openings: on the sides - two fittings, on top - four pieces, in all corners and intersections - also four pieces each. Where the opening for the garage is six pieces on top, the reinforcement was connected as expected, with an overlap of approximately. All fittings in the walls with a diameter of 10 mm, in the grillage - six pieces, 12 mm each. The house stands on 43 pillars made with a TISE drill with an extension at the bottom of 0.5 m.

According to the project, when laying out the first rows, bends are formed for internal partitions and door groups, engineering communications are laid: grooves are cut in the blocks, and the pipes necessary at this stage are laid. As the blocks are installed, a reinforcing cage is formed from vertical and longitudinal rods connected to each other. The strength of the monolith and its resistance to deformation will largely depend on the diameter of the reinforcement, most often the frame is knitted from rods with a diameter of 10–12 mm.

For the monolith, a standard cement-sand mortar is used with the addition of fine gravel, kneaded mechanically or manually.

Considering that from two to four rows are poured at a time (depending on the brand and type of formwork), the involvement of pumping equipment is justified at construction sites with a large quadrature, when several cubes of mortar are placed in these several rows. If the technology is violated and more rows are poured at the same time, it is possible both for the blocks to bulge out - “belly”, and for the formation of voids and dips. To compact the solution, both vibrators and the “poke method” are used - using a long armature or a wooden handle.

Since when pouring with a solution, it is possible to partially fill the grooves, which will prevent the installation of the next row, one of the participants in the portal, Ky Lordron, made metal U-shaped frames, equal in width to the walls of the blocks, and covered the surface while filling the wall section. To assemble the rows, mix the mortar, install the reinforcing cage and pour the monolith, he attracted the most popular "Tajik-stroy" among private traders as a labor force. And in order to minimize the possibility of marriage, he carefully controlled the laying of the first row and the further process. If you notice a protruding segment in time, until the solution has seized, it is enough just to align it.

Given that the solution is poured into the formwork in layers, in order to avoid the formation of cold bridges, the extreme row is filled not to the top, but to the middle - the seam is completely closed in the block.

Plus, each next layer is poured not after complete setting, but after a short period, in the process of final maturation of concrete, a full-fledged, insulated monolith is formed.

The formwork itself is not load-bearing, so all floor slabs and logs are laid directly on the concrete filling, for which the corresponding grooves are cut out in the expanded polystyrene layer. To increase the heat capacity of the building, which will "limp" due to insulation, internal partitions are sometimes made from other wall materials - bricks, blocks, plasterboard structures. One of the possible options is to pour the monolith into the formwork, and after the structure has hardened, remove the polystyrene walls.

Finishing houses from fixed formwork

Facing fixed formwork is needed to increase the decorative effect and protect the material from external influences, this also applies to most block varieties and skeletons. Given that there is no need to level the walls, they do without a thick plaster layer. A reinforcing layer of fiberglass or stainless steel mesh with an adhesive solution and subsequent application of a decorative plaster or putty is sufficient.

The margin of safety of the walls is also enough for heavier materials - tiles or stone, siding is no less popular. The siding is mounted on a subsystem that is fixed either directly into the concrete or, when the lintels in the blocks are plastic, into the lintels. Today on sale you can find a variety of decorative formwork - it already has a facing layer that imitates a stone facade. But due to the rather high cost, this option is not in high demand. Portal member AlexIll22 turned a typical building into an exclusive one through an interesting finish.

Nikolai himself is building a private house in Samara. He told us how to save space on a land plot with a width of only 12 meters, using universal ties for TECHNONICOL fixed formwork.

Background and technical data

Construction objects on the site: bath - 35 m2, house - 110m2.

Problem: the land plot is very small in area, you need to save every meter.

Solution: installation of the foundation, basement, walls of the bathhouse and a two-story house by the method of insulated fixed formwork using universal screeds to reduce the thickness of the foundation and walls.

Contractor: there is no contractor, hiring specialists for construction under their own management.

My name is Nikolay, I am a private developer from Samara. My building plot is quite small - only 12 meters wide. I know no more about construction than you do, but I decided to do everything with my own hands with the help of hired workers.

When choosing materials for building the foundation of a house and a bath, I relied on knowledge gained from various sources. And, interestingly, the arrangement of fixed formwork using universal screeds was not initially discussed at all. Just to insulate external surfaces, I purchased XPS TECHNONICOL CARBON ECO extruded polystyrene foam, and screeds came in addition to it. After reading about the properties of ties and how to install them, I decided that this would be the best choice in my case.

Why did you choose fixed formwork?

Just imagine that without fixed insulated formwork and universal ties, I would have to build walls about 1.2-1.5 m thick and lay a very strong and more expensive foundation. Our winters are frosty and a smaller wall thickness would lead to greater heat loss and energy consumption. Or, in an attempt to save on energy spent on heating, my family would live in a cold, damp house. And with such a small width of the site, the wall thickness of 1.2-1.5 m is a lot!

It was necessary to find a solution to this problem. I chose monolithic construction with the use of insulated fixed formwork, in which TECHNONICOL universal screeds are used. This method made it possible to make the wall thickness half as much, and I left the saved space for arranging the terrace.

In addition, the method of installing fixed formwork with universal ties is very simple and significantly reduces the time spent on work. After all, what are universal screeds? These are fasteners that quickly and reliably connect the walls of the formwork sheets to each other. With their help, I reduced the time for arranging the bath and the foundation of the house by more than 2 times. This was facilitated by the fact that a combination of formwork and insulation was used - we did not waste time on thermal insulation of the foundation and walls.

True, at first it was unusual for my hired specialists. They, too, were not familiar with this method of laying and. We thought it would be very difficult and expensive. They held it in their hands like some kind of jewel. They could not figure out how to arrange it more conveniently, how to connect it correctly. It took almost two weeks for the first level of the foundation of the house - they worked out the laying technology. But, when we figured out the system for installing screeds, the work went very quickly. The bath, where the height of the monolith was 3.5 meters, took only 12 days!

Construction technology from fixed formwork

As it turned out, the laying scheme is quite simple:

1. formwork sheets installed;
2. fixed with ties for fixed formwork;
3. fittings installed; The material was prepared for the site www.site
4. poured concrete in a circle about 50 cm high, then vibrated the cement mortar;
5. waited for the layer to dry;
6. began installing screeds for the next layer, and so on in a circle.

It took us 3.5 weeks to build the strip foundation and walls of the bathhouse. I didn’t have to install any bulky wooden structures, spacers, etc., and then reinstall everything. And there are absolutely no complaints about the screeds. They perfectly hold the load, and, in addition, it was convenient for workers to install fittings. The main difficulty was that during the construction of the walls it was necessary to evenly set them in level. Also, with the help of fixed formwork and universal screeds, the strip foundation for the construction of the house was already poured and the basement was driven out, and I plan to build the walls using a different technology and insulate.

Another benefit that I appreciated is the savings on materials. Not only is it a formwork for construction, it is also an excellent insulation for the basement. No need to separately purchase and install insulation. With this fixed formwork, the manufacturer guarantees the absence of cold bridges in the finished structure, which is exactly what I needed. Especially for the foundation of the house.

My conclusion

Fixed formwork and universal ties are a reasonable and economical solution for private construction. Especially if you want to have time to build up over the summer. Do not just violate the terms of the instructions. It is necessary to make a fixed formwork for each layer according to the height of the simultaneous pouring, depending on the width of the tape, not higher. Before pouring another layer of concrete, let the previous layer dry so that it has time to gain the required strength.

The only difficulty was only at the beginning - the process of installing screeds was not easy due to lack of practice. But everything comes with experience. This technology will save you both budget and time. After all, the solution combines formwork and insulation. It turns out that you are simultaneously closing two construction processes.

The next stage in the construction of my house is the insulation of the facade with XPS boards. Then I will also buy roofing materials for the construction of the roof of the house and the bath.

The classic version of the form for the foundation and walls in monolithic houses is a temporary structure, which is made of wood and chipboard. Styrofoam fixed formwork is an alternative construction method that does not involve waste. This design increases the strength of the building and increases its energy efficiency, acting as thermal insulation. However, such material has some features that cannot be ignored.

Manufacturers of this material point to its many advantages over standard building formwork options. These advantages need to be known to every person who decides to use a non-removable type of polystyrene foam structure.

The advantage of a fixed formwork made of this material lies primarily in the fact that such a structure has auxiliary functions. The main one is the organization of the form for the walls and foundation of a monolithic building. Due to its physical qualities, expanded polystyrene is a good insulation. This is a very important property, since this type of formwork is not dismantled after the concrete has hardened.

If formwork boards are used, they must be dismantled. Wood is not a thermal insulator, so Styrofoam blocks are considered a better investment. Fixed formwork made of this material allows you to build a lightweight concrete structure. Moreover, such a building retains 30-35% more heat than a building with an analogue of red brick. Thus, the use of expanded polystyrene allows you to reduce the cost of other materials from which the foundation or walls are made.

An alternative to polystyrene foam forms is plastic formwork. The price of such a design is slightly higher, but it is more reliable strength. Fixed plastic elements can be purchased at a hardware store or you can order them online.

Another advantage of such forms is that they protect reinforced concrete from moisture. In winter, this is especially important. As a result, thanks to polystyrene blocks, the service life of the foundation and walls is increased by approximately 20%. Quite often, it is this fact that pushes people to use such formwork for building a house. From expanded polystyrene, various (in shape and dimensions) elements are made.

Note! Building a building using polystyrene molds reduces financial costs by about a third.

The price of slab formwork made of expanded polystyrene, as a rule, is the determining factor in its choice. However, the most useful property of such forms is that their use allows to preserve the structure of concrete at low temperatures (but not below +5 °C). Concrete in this case hardens in the normal mode, which has a positive effect on its qualities after hardening.

In turn, pouring concrete material into a wooden form gives a completely different result. In such formwork (at low temperatures), concrete hardens faster, and its structure is broken.

Fixed formwork made of expanded polystyrene: design flaws

Such designs also have their drawbacks. Some of them are quite significant. For example, one of the most serious disadvantages is the fact that a building made using such formwork cannot be rebuilt. Therefore, it is recommended to think over its design in advance. In addition, all communications located in the structure must be laid at the construction stage.

A fixed formwork house is made subject to certain rules, which are very important to follow in order to get a reliable building that is resistant to adverse environmental factors. Blocks made of expanded polystyrene require careful installation. It is very important to maintain tightness, otherwise moisture will penetrate into the voids.

Another disadvantage of this technology for the construction of residential buildings is that polystyrene foam molds cannot be used at temperatures below +5 ° C. In such a situation, the concrete simply will not harden. In hot weather, concrete requires additional moisture, otherwise it will not harden properly.

It should also be noted that fixed formwork blocks made of polystyrene foam prevent normal ventilation of the concrete structure. The solution to the problem in this case is the installation of ventilation communications. This forced system will provide the necessary ventilation, while maintaining the high efficiency of a fixed structure.

Types of fixed formworkdepending on the material of manufacture

Before starting installation, it is necessary to study the various options for fixed formwork that can be purchased today on the construction market. The main feature by which these products are classified is the material of manufacture. The choice of raw materials depends on the complexity of the future construction and its individual characteristics. Consider what raw materials are most often used to make molds for concrete.

Styrofoam. Many people are interested in the question of what is expanded polystyrene. This material is the standard raw material used in the production of fixed formwork. The second name of expanded polystyrene is gas-filled polystyrene. It is characterized by a number of positive qualities that determine the popularity of the use of forms made from it.

Useful information! Expanded polystyrene has rather high strength characteristics and provides reliable thermal insulation of concrete.

Arbolit. This material includes 2 main components: wood shavings and concrete. Separate elements of fixed formwork made of wood concrete are represented by blocks. They have empty gaps, which are reinforced and filled with mortar during installation. The advantage of this raw material is that it has high strength. The soundproofing qualities of wood concrete are also its strength. Of the minuses of this material used for the manufacture of formwork, low thermal insulation and high cost can be noted.

Fiberboard. This raw material, like the previous one, consists of 2 components. The first of these is wood chips, which provide the fibrous structure of the individual elements of such formwork. The second component is represented by an inorganic binder. The main advantage of such formwork is resistance to temperature fluctuations.

Schepotement. Such material is considered less popular than the above options for fixed formwork. The technology of installing wood chips has its own nuances. Of the advantages of this material, it is worth highlighting very good sound insulation and resistance to temperature fluctuations.

Economical option: non-removable foam formwork

Today, there is the possibility of installing fixed formwork from foam boards. This option is quite common, as it allows you to significantly save finances when building a house. Penoplex is a material used for insulation and has good strength characteristics. This allows it to be used as concrete molds.

Penoplex plates have dimensions of 60x100 cm. The dimensions of these products prevail over the parameters of standard structures made of expanded polystyrene. In order to install the formwork around the foam house, it is necessary to perform the correct calculation of the material. It is also important to understand that such products do not have their own locking elements. Thus, before purchasing the material, it is necessary to think over the system of fastening individual parts to each other.

The use of penoplex allows you to reduce financial costs to a minimum. This is especially felt when compared with the costs required to build a standard structure. Slab formwork on telescopic props, wall panels and the use of plywood will cost significantly more.

Useful information! A common option for organizing fixing parts is the use of special jumpers, which are equipped with threads along the edges. Such elements are made of reinforcement. The main thing to remember is that the installation of such jumpers is carried out between the foam slabs.

This embodiment of the design is less expensive, but at the same time more complex due to the selection of clamps. The price of fixed formwork made of expanded polystyrene is higher, but its installation does not require any extra steps. If necessary, you can purchase clamps for foam boards, which are used when installing a polystyrene foam structure.

Fixed formwork made of foam: varieties of structural details

Formwork elements can have a different design, which is determined by their operational purpose. To date, there are such options for these products made from polystyrene foam:

• panels;

• blocks (cast and prefabricated);
• frame systems.

Frame systems are double-circuit structures, between the walls of which there is an empty space. During installation, reinforcement is laid inside such a formwork and a solution is poured. If you make a section of a finished wall made using this technology, then it will be possible to distinguish three layers: two outer ones, represented by formwork, and the middle one made of reinforced concrete.

Foam blocks are divided into two large groups: cast and prefabricated. During the assembly of the formwork, these elements are aligned in such a way that they are located on top of each other. Moreover, no adhesive mixtures (for example, glue) are used for docking. The layout of the blocks is carried out in a checkerboard pattern.

Cast products are also called thermoblocks. This is due to the fact that they have a rather high density (up to 40 kg/m³). Structural features affect the thermal insulation characteristics. A block of this type consists of 2 sheets, which are joined together by means of special jumpers. The assembly of such parts and the connection of their individual elements are carried out at the manufacturing stage. It is worth noting that such structures have one drawback: they warm up rather poorly. This is due to the location of the insulation on the inside of the wall pie.

The sizes of blocks of molded foam formwork can be different. However, products with dimensions of 1000x250x250 mm are considered the standard option. The mass of such a block is usually about 1 kg. The thickness of the insulation located on both sides (outside) is 50 mm. Accordingly, the same indicator of the concrete layer will be 150 mm.

Insulation in the forms that are used to pour concrete can be different. The future design characteristics depend on the choice of insulator material. It is important to remember that such a layer traditionally performs two main functions. The first of them is shaping, and the second is heat-insulating. Depending on the type of blocks, the cost of polystyrene foam also varies. How much do different types of forms cost? Pricing takes place taking into account the design, as well as the thickness of the insulation layer.

Note! It is not recommended to carry out concreting in more than 3 rows. The ideal option would be to lay concrete in 2.5 rows, since in this case the seam will be located in the middle of the block.

Prefabricated Styrofoam Blocks for Formwork

The formwork can be represented by prefabricated elements, which differ from the cast ones in their structure and have some application features. Such blocks consist of two sheets, which are assembled into a single structure before the start of installation work. It is important to note that such elements can be made not only from expanded polystyrene, but also from other materials. The distance between sheets 1 and 2 remains unchanged due to special components called spacers.

Building a house from a fixed formwork of this type has several features that need to be focused on. The main difference between prefabricated forms is that their use allows the use of more than 3 layers in the walls. Moreover, the combination of materials in this case does not play a role, while buildings made using cast blocks require strict adherence to the sequence of materials. Insulation in such a situation will always be located outside.

A common solution is the wall pie, which includes two cladding layers of rigid sheet material. Insulating material (polystyrene foam) is laid close to the outer sheet of this type. The second layer in this situation is reinforced concrete.

The project of the house from fixed formwork is made in advance. It contains all the necessary data indicating the design features, dimensions and individual solutions in accordance with the situation.

It should be noted that such forms have one significant advantage over cast counterparts. It lies in the fact that, if necessary, you can change the width of the internal cavity into which the reinforcement is laid and the solution is poured. The change in this indicator is made through the use of spacers. If such a need arises, you can purchase longer fixing elements.

All costs must be indicated in the formwork estimate. The device, prices, dimensions of individual elements - all this is recommended to be noted in the preliminary wiring diagram.

Design features of prefabricated forms affect the degree of heating of the wall. The absence of foam allows you to increase this figure. If necessary, collapsible structures used for the construction of buildings can be made by hand.

Installation of formwork for strip foundation: mounting features

The most popular type of foundation used in the self-construction of houses and other structures is tape. Before starting the organization of such a foundation, it is necessary to carry out appropriate preparatory work. These include project development and site preparation. In addition, it is necessary to mark the place allotted for the construction of the foundation.

The formwork for a strip foundation is not particularly difficult, but there are some nuances that you need to know and follow. For example, it is recommended to fill in layers. The process itself takes place as follows: the cavity in the block is filled with a concrete solution, after which it remains only to wait for it to solidify.

Useful information! The organization of reinforcement is not a prerequisite. It fits in the event that there is a need to increase the strength characteristics of the structure.

Reinforcement binding is performed inside block elements. It is not necessary to dismantle the expanded polystyrene, as it will act as a heat insulator. It is important to remember that before starting to pour the cement mortar, you will need to check the accuracy of the location of the blocks in the ditch.

If necessary, the fixed formwork for the expanded polystyrene foundation is strengthened with the help of additional elements. It is very important to achieve the correct geometry of the base. This technology has many advantages. When using non-removable blocks made of expanded polystyrene, the cost of organizing the foundation is reduced by at least a third.

Formwork for a monolithic foundation: self-installation steps

After organizing the foundation of the future structure, you can proceed with the installation of the formwork. This operation is conditionally divided into three stages: the installation of blocks, the knitting of reinforcement and the pouring of the solution. Each stage is carried out in accordance with building codes and regulations. During work, safety precautions must be observed. Let's consider each stage in more detail.

Installing blocks. First, the first row of the form is mounted, which will be used for pouring concrete. It should be noted that installation is carried out only on a waterproofed surface of the base. Formwork for the foundation of expanded polystyrene should be tightly fixed by means of reinforcement bars. These elements are the link between the base and the formwork itself.

Experts advise checking the accuracy of the work performed, as deviations from the original design dimensions are possible. The presence of outlets for partitions is also a very important point that you need to pay attention to. After organizing the first row, you can start laying the second. Block mounting technology involves a chess system in which each subsequent row is shifted relative to the previous one. As a result, the junction of the elements of the first row should fall in the middle of the block of the second strip.

Knitting reinforcement. The installation of a metal structure is one of the most important moments in the organization of any type of building cake. Reinforcement is used to strengthen foundations, walls, and monolithic ceilings. Formwork for the foundation, consisting of blocks that fit in rows, should be surrounded around the perimeter with bars located in a horizontal plane.

In order to simplify the installation of fittings, each block has special grooves that are located in the jumpers (internal). Horizontal bars are mounted in such a way that each subsequent element overlaps the previous one. Further, the rods are connected to each other, as well as to vertical elements using a special wire.

Note! Reinforcement allows not only to increase the strength of the structure, but also to reduce the pressure of cement on the form.

Solution pouring. Before you start pouring your own fixed formwork with your own hands, it is recommended to take care of laying communications inside the forming structure. The cement mortar used for forming the formwork must not contain foreign additives and impurities (for example, crushed stone). The operation itself is quite simple. The pouring is carried out step by step, and the height of the concrete layer should not exceed 1 m. This indicator corresponds to the dimensions of 3-4 fixed structural blocks.

The price of fixed formwork for the foundation is lower than the cost of standard analogues, which involve the use of plywood and boards. It is important to remember that the filled solution requires leveling. For these purposes, a special tool is used - a vibrator. In the absence of the necessary electrical equipment, you can use a conventional bayonet shovel.

Fixed formwork for walls: casting technology

Independent use of such a technique for casting walls requires an understanding of the technological process. Most often, this type of construction is used by non-professionals in the case of the construction of private one-story houses, as well as garage structures. The construction of formwork made of expanded polystyrene can be carried out alone. However, a few people will complete the installation of the walls much faster.

The advantage of using styrofoam molds is that they are light in weight. Thus, physical activity in this case is reduced to a minimum. Before starting construction, it is necessary to study the step-by-step algorithm of actions and the nuances that allow you to answer the question of how to make the formwork correctly.

Walls made using this method are recommended to be installed on a strip foundation. This base is best suited for construction using non-removable foam molds. It is important to remember that the use of cement mortar for pouring walls often imposes a certain limit on the number of rows of blocks. Experts advise having 4 rows of forms, and they must be securely connected to the base of the building through reinforcement.

Useful information! It is not recommended to immediately pour all the concrete. First, you should perform a partial pour and wait some time for the mortar to shrink. As a rule, this procedure takes no more than 3-4 hours. Next, the cement mortar is added.

When erecting monolithic structures for casting walls, special forms are often used - shields. They are connected using special coupling bolts and form a gap into which concrete is poured. Such products can have different dimensions. For example, their maximum height is 3.3 m, and the width indicator ranges from 0.25 to 2.4 m. After the solution hardens, this structure is dismantled. The size of the formwork shield is selected depending on the individual characteristics of the structure being erected.

It is worth noting that another feature of the fixed formwork used for pouring walls is its instability. This is due to the fact that the concrete poured into the molds has a large mass. Thus, even blocks laid in 4 rows and equipped with fittings need a daily wait. This time is enough for the solution to settle and thicken.

When installing non-removable blocks made of expanded polystyrene, special attention must be paid to their docking. Individual structural elements must be connected with great care so that the surface of the first rows is as even as possible. Otherwise, when adding the next rows, the wall may collapse due to their skew.

An alternative to expanded polystyrene is plastic. Plastic formwork for monolithic construction is used when it is required to ensure good strength and rigidity of the structure. The advantage of such products is that they are highly wear resistant.

Facing work allows not only to give the wall, cast in the formwork, a complete look, but also to enhance its protective characteristics. Finishing is carried out on almost all types of structures. After pouring the wall, as a rule, there is no need to level it. This is due to the design of the forms. Thus, the need for applying a thick layer of plaster disappears.

Saving on the finishing of walls and other surfaces is not worth it, since the total cost of work is already reduced due to the use of polystyrene foam. The price of this material is much lower than the cost of traditional formwork options.

Most often, a special mesh is enough to finish the wall, which can be made of fiberglass or metal. Such a mesh is joined to the concrete surface using an adhesive composition, after which it is sealed with plaster or putty.

It is in this way that not only standard rectangular walls are processed, but also round columns. Formwork for such structures is most often made of plastic. There are also cardboard forms.

Note! In addition to the standard methods of finishing the outer surface of concrete, there are other equally popular options. For example, tiles and artificial stone are often used as cladding.

For interior wall decoration, as a rule, plasterboard material is used. GKL installation is carried out in two ways - using profile elements or glue. This cladding method is very popular not only because of its simplicity and efficiency, but also because this material provides good sound insulation.

Racks for organizing a fixed form of floors

The traditional option for organizing floors in monolithic or any other buildings involves the use of special telescopic (sliding) racks. These products are used to fix temporary flooring, which is made from moisture-resistant formwork plywood. This method is not convenient, as it requires a lot of time and quite a lot of physical exertion.

The rack, which performs the supporting role, consists of several structural elements. The lower part of the telescopic product is equipped with a tripod, which ensures the stability of the pipe. In turn, in the upper part there is a special nozzle, which is necessary to capture and hold the construction beam - the crossbar. All slab formwork props are divided into two categories depending on the location of the thread. Some of them are equipped with an open thread, while others are closed.

The pipe, which has a smaller cross section, is distinguished by the presence of special holes along its entire length. The pitch of the holes can be different - from 11 to 17.5 cm. The outer pipe is equipped with a support nut. As a result, when it becomes necessary to fix the rack at a certain level, a special earring is threaded through the holes in the pipes. This element has a support (nut), so it is held in position.

Telescopic formwork props can vary in length. This figure ranges from 1.7 to 4.5 m. They can withstand fairly large loads (up to 4 tons). It is worth noting that such support products are made of metal, so they are coated with special anti-corrosion compounds, since steel can rust.

Fixed formwork for slabs: features and specifications

Unlike the standard method, which involves the presence of support posts, the polystyrene formwork for floors has a completely different installation technology. As a basis for such a system, special matrices are used, which are made from dense and durable polystyrene foam.

Such matrices should be laid on load-bearing walls. The advantage of this method is that these elements have a small mass, so they do not require serious physical effort to install them.

Note! Before starting work, it is necessary to calculate the formwork of the ceiling.

Docking matrices with each other is quite simple. Each product is equipped with a tongue-and-groove system for connection. Thus, any person who does not have experience in this field can perform such an installation. Thanks to the tongue-and-groove system, it becomes possible to quickly organize a continuous flooring.

Such a formwork for a monolithic floor is capable of withstanding a layer of concrete up to 15 cm thick. As a rule, this value is quite enough to organize a reliable structure. Before proceeding with pouring concrete, it is necessary to place the reinforcement between the butt zones of the floor elements. The metal frame should be assembled into a continuous beam that occupies the entire width of the gap.

Then, on top of the matrices, it is required to place a reinforcing mesh. It is made of rods, the diameter of which is from 10 to 15 mm. Reinforcement is knitted in the traditional way - by means of a special wire.

The final stage of creating volumetric formwork of floors involves pouring concrete, after which you need to wait for it to harden. Thus, the organization of floors is carried out using polystyrene foam matrices. The result of this process is a durable structure that can withstand significant loads.

After the cement mortar has hardened, the formwork made of expanded polystyrene is not dismantled. It remains in the floor cake and from that moment begins to perform a heat-insulating function. This way of organizing the structure is more technologically advanced when compared with the traditional method, which takes into account the use of removable beams for the formwork of the slabs.

It is important to remember that the independent use of such technology requires an understanding of its nuances. The main thing is that even before starting work, you need to know that laying floor elements requires accuracy. Any design errors or misalignment of the blocks during their installation can lead to the collapse of the structure.

Fixed formwork: pricesin today's market

The cost of blocks is an important point that you should pay attention to. The price of building blocks, from which fixed formwork is made, is influenced by two key factors:

• density of expanded polystyrene;
• detail dimensions.

The price of fixed formwork for the foundation of expanded polystyrene must be taken into account in the construction estimate. When choosing individual elements of the forming structure, it is recommended to pay attention to their density. This indicator affects the resistance of the structure to pressure. The higher the density of the parts, the correspondingly higher loads they can withstand.

Note! Experts advise purchasing blocks whose density ranges from 25 to 35 kg / m³.

The average cost of a block made of expanded polystyrene is approximately 160 rubles. It is worth considering that this price corresponds to products with dimensions of 1500x250x250 mm, having a density index of 30 kg / m³. Structures with a length of 1.5 m have the function of adjustment due to the installation of jumpers of different sizes (15-25 cm). Products with a length of 1 m are cheaper - from 130 rubles. for 1 piece

If you plan to use standard construction technology, then it is recommended to study the cost of various materials. The price of telescopic racks depends on the features of their design and the manufacturer's company. Currently, these supporting elements can be purchased for 500-5000 rubles. It is not recommended to buy the cheapest materials and tools, as they often have low technical characteristics.

The support elements are used to hold the wooden structure, which is made from laminated plywood for formwork. The price of 1 sheet of such material varies from 600 to 3000 rubles.

Fixed forms are a good alternative to standard designs that are assembled from wood and plywood. Such formwork allows not only pouring concrete, but also serves as a reliable heat-insulating material. It is actively used in private construction, however, it requires the study of installation instructions and compliance with safety rules.

Fixed formwork not only reduces the cost of construction, but also serves as a heater. In this article we will talk about:

• various types of fixed formwork;
• their value;
• application features;
• advantages and disadvantages of each type of formwork;
• technologies for building houses using fixed formwork;
• approximate construction costs compared to the construction of monolithic, brick and block houses.

What is fixed formwork

Many types of fixed formwork are ready-made blocks from which a wall is assembled and then concrete is poured into them. From these blocks, the perimeter of the house and the inner walls are collected. Between themselves, the blocks are connected using grooves and ridges or metal plates and corners. The height of the blocks is 10–50 cm, the length is 40–200 cm. Fixed formwork is distinguished by the material from which it is made:

• expanded polystyrene;
• polystyrene concrete;
• wood cement (wood concrete);
• sandwich (a combination of different materials).

Expanded polystyrene (styrofoam)

The cheapest material for the manufacture of formwork, its cost is from 400 rubles per m 2. Such formwork is made in the form of cells 20–25 cm high and up to 100 cm long. The wall thickness depends on the formwork model, so the customer can choose both the thickest one, which provides the greatest thermal insulation, and with the minimum wall thickness. Blocks of such formwork are assembled like a children's designer, because grooves are cut along the long sides of each block, as well as on one of the ends, and ridges are cut on the other end. When choosing such a formwork material, it is impossible to pour more than three rows (60-65 cm) at a time, otherwise the mass of concrete will squeeze out the foam plastic and the formwork will not be able to give the wall the desired shape. Another serious drawback is that such formwork does not allow steam to pass through, so the rooms will always be humid. When building houses with such formwork, it is very important to provide for proper ventilation in each room in advance, which compensates for this negative effect.

Polystyrene concrete

Polystyrene concrete is a mixture of concrete and polystyrene foam balls that reduce the thermal conductivity of the material. In terms of heat-insulating properties, such a material, with equal wall thickness, is inferior to polystyrene, but it is devoid of its main drawback, because polystyrene concrete passes steam well, therefore it removes excess moisture from the rooms. There is no single block size, but on average the height is 30–50 cm, and the length is up to 200 cm. To fasten the formwork cells, grooves and ridges are used, as well as additional elements (corner, end, etc.). The average cost of such formwork is from 600 rubles per 1 m 2 of the wall. The advantage, compared to foam formworks, is the greater height of concrete pouring at a time - up to 150 cm, if there is a vibrator of suitable length.

chipped concrete

Shchepobeton (arbalite) - these are slabs from a mixture of concrete and sawdust or shavings. Unlike previous formworks, they are supplied as individual slabs rather than prefabricated cells, which is why traditional formwork is made from chipped concrete, which then remains on the concrete as a heater. The cost of one m 2 of formwork (two slabs 200x50 cm in size and 25–45 mm thick) is 750–900 rubles. In terms of thermal insulation, these slabs are comparable to polystyrene concrete formwork, but they are much more convenient in terms of finishing, because you can screw screws or drive nails into them. As in conventional formwork, it is necessary to provide screeds that will keep the slabs from being squeezed out by concrete.

Sandwich

A sandwich is a combination of various materials, most often wood concrete and polystyrene. At the same time, the foam is placed on the side of concrete, because it is sensitive to ultraviolet and oxygen. Arbolit is not afraid of either the sun, or water, or air. Walls in such formwork do not need to be insulated even in areas of the far north, however, the presence of polystyrene foam or expanded polystyrene blocks the removal of excess moisture through the walls of the house, so high-quality ventilation is necessary. Sandwich slabs are mounted in the same way as chipped concrete formwork. The cost of one plate measuring 200x50 cm starts from 750 rubles.

The technology of building houses with fixed formwork

The layout of the site and land work is carried out in the same way as for any brick houses. First, they mark out the site and dig a trench or pit, then compact the bottom and pour in a sand and gravel cushion. After that, a base plate is poured, the width of which is 3–5 times the width of the foundation. Usually the width of this pillow is 80–120 cm. The pillow is reinforced, both horizontally and vertically, releasing reinforcement from it by 2–4 meters along the wall line. This is necessary in order to connect the foundation wall and the pillow. It is very important during pouring to check the surface of the pillow with a level, if it turns out to be uneven, then you will have to fill in the screed, which will level the surface of the pillow and increase the construction time of the house.

pouring foundation walls

After filling the pillow, it is allowed to stand for 25–28 days, after which the first rows of fixed formwork are installed. Such formwork is preferable, because the foundation must be insulated, otherwise the heat loss of the house will increase, and heating costs will increase after them. For the foundation, it is desirable to use polystyrene foam or polystyrene concrete formwork, because wood concrete in conditions of high humidity will begin to collapse in 10–20 years. If you are using styrofoam formwork, be sure to reinforce it with plastic ties. They will prevent the foam from being squeezed by concrete during compaction with a vibrator. If you are using arbolite or sandwich formwork, then tie the outer and inner sheets with ties and fix them with spacers. This will keep the formwork from being crushed by the concrete and keep the walls vertical.

Pour no more than three rows of any formwork at a time, and pour the third row of formwork only up to the middle. This is necessary so that cold bridges do not appear in the foundation. Use the same filling method for walls. The next day, install the next 3 rows of formwork and pour concrete. The maximum interval between fillings is 30 hours, if it is exceeded, the strength of the wall will decrease. With a step of 1-2 meters, create a belt from reinforcement horizontally laid around the entire perimeter - it will tie the wall and keep it from shifting and deformation.

Composition of concrete

It is very important to use the right concrete, because the traditional composition of this mixture does not have the necessary fluidity, and the addition of water reduces its strength. Therefore, here are the correct components and proportions for pouring one m 3 of the foundation from the walls into a fixed formwork:

• cement 305 kg;
• sand 825 kg;
• crushed stone 1170 kg;
• water 125 liters;
• plasticizer 1-2 liters.

Plasticizers are sold in any hardware stores and they are inexpensive. Therefore, do not save on plasticizers, because with their help you will get a stronger and more fluid concrete, which will more easily fill the entire internal space of the formwork and create a monolithic wall.

Floor installation

In fixed formwork houses, 3 types of floors are used:

• reinforced concrete slabs;
• monolithic slab;
• wooden.

Reinforced concrete slabs are made at factories of reinforced concrete products (reinforced concrete products), therefore, with a relatively low mass, they are very durable. After all, they are not monolithic, but with voids inside, due to which their mass is reduced. However, a crane is required for the installation of such plates, so they are rarely used.

A monolithic slab has a huge mass, so it is used only in houses standing on dense or rocky ground. To fill such a slab, a removable formwork is mounted and supports are installed. Then it is reinforced with two layers of mesh of steel, fiberglass or carbon fiber reinforcement and poured with the same concrete that was used for the foundation walls. After 10 days, the formwork can be removed, while the construction of walls must be continued the next day. Only in this case the ceiling will be monolithic with the wall.

Important: The concrete floor must pass through the junction between the rows of blocks, only in this case you can reduce the likelihood of the formation of cold bridges. Therefore, the inner side of the formwork is cut to the level of the removable formwork, and the outer side is left intact.

Wooden floors are the most popular because they are lighter than concrete, cheaper and easier to install. They must also pass through the junction of the rows of removable formwork, otherwise the appearance of cold bridges cannot be avoided. To install the log in the outer and inner sides of the formwork, holes are cut according to their size, then the logs are inserted and supported from below so that they do not push through the formwork. After a day, the lag supports are removed, and after 25–28 days a subfloor is laid on them.

Filling the walls of the house

For pouring walls, the same technology is used as for the foundation. The difference is that reinforcing belts are installed around the openings for installing windows and doors, that is, they are ringed with reinforcement. Also, a reinforcing belt is needed under the roof, it will bind the wall and increase its strength. In the process of pouring the walls, do not forget about the ventilation holes that must be made in accordance with the ventilation plan. After pouring the last row, the box of the house is left for 28 days, then the rafter system is mounted and the roof is laid. Only after that proceed to the interior and exterior decoration, as well as the installation of windows and doors.

Exterior and interior decoration

Formwork made of wood concrete and polystyrene concrete can stand for 1–3 years without finishing, but it should not be delayed with finishing. Expanded polystyrene formwork must be finished in the first year. This is due to the high sensitivity of the material to oxygen and ultraviolet. Arbolit and polystyrene concrete are finished in the same way as any brick or concrete walls, that is:

• plaster;
• cover with siding;
• mount a ventilated facade.

Expanded polystyrene formwork is trimmed in the same way as a foam-insulated wall:

• plastered with a reinforcing network sticker;
• mount siding or a ventilated facade with fastening to concrete.

From the inside, a house built with the help of fixed formwork is finished in any way you like.

The cost of building a house with fixed formwork

The construction of such a house is cheaper and takes less time than the construction of buildings from:

• bricks;
• cinder blocks;
• arbolite blocks;
• foam blocks;
• monolithic concrete.

Despite the high cost of formwork, savings come from:

• reducing the cost of construction equipment;
• reducing the time of erection of walls and foundations;
• reducing heating costs.

Where to buy fixed formwork

It is possible to order fixed formwork directly from the factory that produces it. In this case, you can choose between standard offers and custom-made formwork. The latter option will cost a little more, but custom-made formwork will better suit your conditions. For example, you can order blocks of thicker polystyrene foam, so that the house will be warm even in the most severe frosts. Or you can change the thickness of the wall - this is especially true for the fixed formwork of the foundation, because it is desirable that the foundation be 1.5–2 times wider than the wall of the house. After making your order, the formwork will be delivered to the place of construction of the house and you will be able to start construction.

If for some reason you cannot or do not want to order formwork at the factory, then it can be purchased at construction markets and sites where building materials are sold in bulk. However, the cost of the formwork will be slightly higher than the factory one, even taking into account the delivery, because intermediaries take their percentage for the storage and sale of goods.

Conclusion

Fixed formwork is an inexpensive modern material that reduces the cost of building a monolithic house. After reading the article, you learned:

• what types of fixed formwork are;
• what is the price of fixed formwork;
• how to build a house from fixed formwork;
• why the construction of such a house is cheaper than houses made of brick, concrete and other similar materials;