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There are very simple experiences that children remember for a lifetime. The guys may not fully understand why this is all happening, but when time passes and they find themselves in a lesson in physics or chemistry, a very clear example will surely pop up in their memory.

website collected 7 interesting experiments that children will remember. Everything you need for these experiments is at your fingertips.

refractory ball

It will take: 2 balls, candle, matches, water.

An experience: Inflate a balloon and hold it over a lighted candle to show the children that the balloon will burst from fire. Then pour plain tap water into the second ball, tie it up and bring it to the candle again. It turns out that with water the ball can easily withstand the flame of a candle.

Explanation: The water in the balloon absorbs the heat generated by the candle. Therefore, the ball itself will not burn and, therefore, will not burst.

Pencils

You will need: plastic bag, pencils, water.

An experience: Pour water halfway into a plastic bag. We pierce the bag through with a pencil in the place where it is filled with water.

Explanation: If you pierce a plastic bag and then pour water into it, it will pour out through the holes. But if you first fill the bag halfway with water and then pierce it with a sharp object so that the object remains stuck in the bag, then almost no water will flow out through these holes. This is due to the fact that when polyethylene breaks, its molecules are attracted closer to each other. In our case, the polyethylene is pulled around the pencils.

Non-popping ball

You will need: balloon, wooden skewer and some dishwashing liquid.

An experience: Lubricate the top and bottom with the product and pierce the ball, starting from the bottom.

Explanation: The secret of this trick is simple. In order to save the ball, you need to pierce it at the points of least tension, and they are located at the bottom and at the top of the ball.

Cauliflower

It will take: 4 cups of water, food coloring, cabbage leaves or white flowers.

An experience: Add food coloring of any color to each glass and put one leaf or flower into the water. Leave them overnight. In the morning you will see that they have turned into different colors.

Explanation: Plants absorb water and thus nourish their flowers and leaves. This is due to the capillary effect, in which the water itself tends to fill the thin tubes inside the plants. This is how flowers, grass, and large trees feed. By sucking in tinted water, they change their color.

floating egg

It will take: 2 eggs, 2 glasses of water, salt.

An experience: Gently place the egg in a glass of plain clean water. As expected, it will sink to the bottom (if not, the egg may be rotten and should not be returned to the refrigerator). Pour warm water into the second glass and stir 4-5 tablespoons of salt in it. For the purity of the experiment, you can wait until the water cools down. Then dip the second egg into the water. It will float near the surface.

Explanation: It's all about density. The average density of an egg is much greater than that of plain water, so the egg sinks down. And the density of the saline solution is higher, and therefore the egg rises.

crystal lollipops

It will take: 2 cups water, 5 cups sugar, wooden sticks for mini skewers, thick paper, transparent glasses, saucepan, food coloring.

An experience: In a quarter cup of water, boil sugar syrup with a couple of tablespoons of sugar. Sprinkle some sugar on paper. Then you need to dip the stick in syrup and collect the sugar with it. Next, distribute them evenly on a stick.

Leave the sticks to dry overnight. In the morning, dissolve 5 cups of sugar in 2 cups of water on fire. You can leave the syrup to cool for 15 minutes, but it should not cool down much, otherwise the crystals will not grow. Then pour it into jars and add different food colors. Lower the prepared sticks into a jar of syrup so that they do not touch the walls and bottom of the jar, a clothespin will help with this.

Explanation: As the water cools, the solubility of sugar decreases, and it begins to precipitate and settle on the walls of the vessel and on your stick with a seed of sugar grains.

lit match

Need: Matches, flashlight.

An experience: Light a match and hold it at a distance of 10-15 centimeters from the wall. Shine a flashlight on the match and you will see that only your hand and the match itself are reflected on the wall. It would seem obvious, but I never thought about it.

Explanation: Fire does not cast shadows, as it does not prevent light from passing through it.

Not a single person, even in the slightest degree familiar with the problems of modern education, will argue about the advantages of the Soviet system. However, it also had certain drawbacks, in particular, in the study of natural science subjects, the emphasis was often placed on providing a theoretical component, and practice was relegated to the background. However, any teacher will confirm that the best way to generate interest in these subjects in a child is to show some spectacular physical or chemical experience. This is especially important at the initial stage of studying such subjects and even long before that. In the second case, a special kit for chemical experiments, which can be used at home, can be a good help for parents. True, when purchasing such a gift, fathers and mothers should understand that they will also have to take part in classes, since such a “toy” in the hands of a child left unattended represents a certain danger.

What is a chemical experiment

First of all, you should understand what is at stake. In general, it is generally accepted that a chemical experiment is the manipulation of various organic and inorganic substances in order to establish their properties and reactions under various conditions. If we are talking about experiments that are carried out in order to arouse in the child the desire to explore the world around them, then they should be spectacular and at the same time simple. In addition, it is not recommended to choose options that require special security measures.

Where to begin

First of all, you can tell the child that everything that surrounds us, including his own body, consists of various substances that interact. As a result, various phenomena can be observed: both those to which people have long been accustomed and do not pay attention to them, and very unusual ones. In this case, rust, which is a consequence of the oxidation of metals, or smoke from a fire, which is a gas released during the combustion of various objects, can be cited as an example. Then you can start showing simple chemical experiments.

"Float Egg"

A very interesting experiment can be shown using an egg and an aqueous solution of hydrochloric acid. To carry it out, you need to take a glass decanter or a wide glass and pour a 5% solution of hydrochloric acid onto the bottom. Then you need to lower the egg into it and wait a while.

Soon, on the surface of the egg shell, due to the reaction of hydrochloric acid and calcium carbonate contained in the shell, carbon dioxide bubbles will appear and lift the egg up. Having reached the surface, the gas bubbles will burst, and the "load" will again go to the bottom of the dish. The process of lifting and diving the egg will continue until all the eggshell has been dissolved in the hydrochloric acid.

"Secret Signs"

Interesting chemical experiments can be done with sulfuric acid. For example, with a cotton swab dipped in a 20% sulfuric acid solution, figures or letters are drawn on paper and wait for the liquid to dry. Then the sheet is ironed with a hot iron and black letters begin to appear. This experience will be even more spectacular if you hold the leaf over the flame of a candle, but this must be done very carefully, trying not to set fire to the paper.

"Fire Lettering"

The previous experience can be done differently. To do this, draw a contour of a figure or letter on a sheet of paper with a pencil and prepare a composition consisting of 20 g of KNO 3 dissolved in 15 ml of hot water. Then, with a brush, saturate the paper along the pencil lines so that there are no gaps. As soon as the audience is ready, and the sheet is dry, you need to bring a burning splinter to the inscription at only one point. Immediately a spark will appear, which will “run” along the outline of the drawing until it reaches the end of the line.

Surely young viewers will be interested in why such an effect is achieved. Explain that when heated, potassium nitrate turns into another substance, potassium nitrite, and releases oxygen, which supports combustion.

"Fireproof Handkerchief"

Children will certainly be interested in the experience with "fireproof" fabric. To demonstrate it, 10 g of silicate glue is dissolved in 100 ml of water and a piece of cloth or handkerchief is moistened with the resulting liquid. Then it is squeezed out and, using tweezers, immersed in a container with acetone or gasoline. Immediately set fire to the fabric with a splinter and watch how the flame "devours" the handkerchief, but it remains intact.

"Blue Bouquet"

Simple chemical experiments can be very spectacular. We invite you to surprise the viewer by using paper flowers, the petals of which should be smeared with natural starch glue. Then the bouquet should be placed in a jar, a few drops of iodine alcohol tincture should be put on the bottom and the lid should be tightly closed. In a few minutes, a "miracle" will happen: the flowers will turn blue, because the iodine vapor will cause the starch to change its color.

"Christmas decorations"

An original chemical experiment, as a result of which you will have beautiful decorations for a mini-Christmas tree, will turn out if you use a saturated solution (1:12) of potassium alum KAl (SO 4) 2 with the addition of copper sulfate CuSO 4 (1: 5).

First you need to make a frame of a figurine from a wire, wrap it with white woolen threads and lower them into a pre-prepared mixture. After a week or two, crystals will grow on the workpiece, which should be varnished so that they do not crumble.

"Volcanoes"

A very effective chemical experiment will turn out if you take a plate, plasticine, baking soda, table vinegar, red dye and dishwashing liquid. Next, you need to do the following:

• divide a piece of plasticine into two parts;
• roll one into a flat pancake, and fashion a hollow cone from the second, at the top of which you need to leave a hole;
• put the cone on a plasticine base and connect it so that the "volcano" does not let water through;
• put the structure on a tray;
• pour "lava", consisting of 1 tbsp. l. baking soda and a few drops of liquid food coloring;
• when the audience is ready, pour vinegar into the "vent" and watch the violent reaction, during which carbon dioxide is released, and red foam flows out of the volcano.

As you can see, home chemical experiments can be very diverse, and all of them will interest not only children, but also adults.

Equipment and reagents: chemical beakers, conical flask, metal stand, porcelain cup, crystallizer, knife, metal tray, test tube stands, test tubes, matches, tweezers, pipettes, handkerchief; water, dry fuel, 3 tablets of calcium gluconate, potassium carbonate, ammonia 25%, hydrochloric acid (conc.), phenolphthalein, sodium metal, alcohol, stationery glue, ammonium dichromate, potassium dichromate, sulfuric acid, hydrogen peroxide, ferric chloride solutions ( III), KCNS, sodium fluoride.

Event progress

Chemistry is an interesting fascinating science. With the help of chemistry, our life becomes more interesting and diverse.


Without chemistry, the whole world would become dim.
With chemistry we drive, live and fly,
We live in different parts of the Earth,
We clean, we wash, we remove stains,
We eat, we sleep, and we walk with hairstyles.
We treat with chemistry, glue and sew
We live side by side with chemistry!

Although there are no miracles in the world.
Chemistry provides the answer.
“There are miracles in the world.
And, of course, they can not be counted!

Don't break teachers' advice:

And even if you're not a coward,

Do not taste the substances!

And don't think about sniffing them.

Understand that these are not flowers!

Take nothing with your hands

You'll get burned, blisters!

Tea and delicious sandwich
Very much asking in your mouth.
Do not lie to yourself -
We can't eat or drink!
This, friend, is a chemical cabinet,
There are no provisions for food.


In the flask - like marmalade,
Do not taste the substances!
Even poison smells sweet.

In the chemistry classroom

Lots of stuff:

cones, test tubes,

Funnel and tripod.

And you don't have to pull.

In vain pens

And then you spill it by accident

Valuable reagent!

"Pharaoh Serpents"

Experience: put a tablet of dry fuel on a stand, put 3 tablets of calcium gluconate on it and set it on fire. A light gray mass is formed in the form resembling snakes.

"Smoke Without Fire"

Experiment: (The experiment must be carried out in a well-ventilated room or in a fume hood) pour potassium carbonate into a large flask (300-500 ml) so that it covers its bottom with an even layer, and carefully pour 25% ammonia solution to wet it . Then slowly (be careful!) pour a little concentrated hydrochloric acid into the flask (white "smoke" appears). What do we see? There is smoke, there is no fire. You see, in life there is no smoke without fire, but in chemistry it happens.

"Flame on the Water"

Experience: add phenolphthalein to a cup of water. Cut off a piece of metallic sodium or lithium and carefully place it in water. The metal floats on the surface, the hydrogen ignites, and the resulting alkali causes the water to turn crimson.

"Volcano"

Mighty nature is full of miracles,
And on Earth they are subject to her alone
Shining stars, sunsets and sunrises,
Gusts of wind and sea surf ...
But we, now you will see for yourself
Sometimes we also have miracles.

Experience: pour ammonium bichromate on a tray, drop alcohol, set fire to it.

"Fireproof Scarf"

children's answers).

Our flying carpet has flown away
We also don't have a samobranka,
There is a handkerchief, it will now burn,
But, believe me, it will not be able to burn.

Experience: moisten a handkerchief in a mixture of glue and water (silicate glue + water = 1: 1.5), dry slightly, then moisten with alcohol and set on fire.

"Orange, lemon, apple"

Experiment: first, a glass of potassium dichromate solution, which is orange in color, is shown to the audience. Then, alkali is added, the “orange juice” turns into “lemon juice”. Then the opposite is done: from “lemon juice” - “orange”, for this a little sulfuric acid is added, then a little hydrogen peroxide solution is added and the “juice” becomes “apple”.

"Wound Healing"

There are three vials on the table: “iodine” (FeCl3 solution), “alcohol” (KCNS), “living water” (NaF).

Here's another fun for you.
Who gives a hand to cut off?
It's a pity the hand is cut off,
Then you need a patient for treatment!
We operate without pain.
True, there will be a lot of blood.
Every operation requires sterilization.
Help assistant
Give me alcohol.
One moment! (gives alcohol- KCNS)

We will smear with alcohol plentifully.
Don't turn around, patient
Give me the scalpel, assistant!
("scalpel" - a stick dipped in FeCl3)

Look, straight in a trickle
Blood flows, not water.
But now I'll dry my hand -
Not a trace of a cut!
"iodine" - FeCl3 solution, "alcohol" - KCNS, "living water" - NaF.

"We are wizards"

"Colored milk".

View document content
"Entertaining experiments in chemistry"

ENTERTAINING EXPERIENCES

in chemistry for children

Target: show interesting experiments in chemistry

Tasks:

to interest students in the study of chemistry;

to give students the first skills in handling chemical equipment and substances.

Equipment and reagents: chemical beakers, conical flask, metal stand, porcelain cup, crystallizer, knife, metal tray, test tube stands, test tubes, matches, tweezers, pipettes, handkerchief; water, dry fuel, 3 tablets of calcium gluconate, potassium carbonate, ammonia 25%, hydrochloric acid (conc.), phenolphthalein, sodium metal, alcohol, stationery glue, ammonium dichromate, potassium dichromate, sulfuric acid, hydrogen peroxide, ferric chloride solutions ( III), KCNS, sodium fluoride.

Event progress

Chemistry is an interesting fascinating science. With the help of chemistry, our life becomes more interesting and diverse.

Without the chemistry of life, believe me, no
Without chemistry, the whole world would become dim.
With chemistry we drive, live and fly,
We live in different parts of the Earth,
We clean, we wash, we remove stains,
We eat, we sleep, and we walk with hairstyles.
We treat with chemistry, glue and sew
We live side by side with chemistry!

Although there are no miracles in the world.
Chemistry provides the answer.
“There are miracles in the world.
And, of course, they can not be counted!

But before proceeding to the practical part of the event, listen to comic safety regulations.

Entering our chemical office,

Don't break teachers' advice:

And even if you're not a coward,

Do not taste the substances!

And don't think about sniffing them.

Understand that these are not flowers!

Take nothing with your hands

You'll get burned, blisters!

Tea and delicious sandwich
Very much asking in your mouth.
Do not lie to yourself -
We can't eat or drink!
This, friend, is a chemical cabinet,
There are no provisions for food.

Let the roach smell in the test tube,
In the flask - like marmalade,
Do not taste the substances!
Even poison smells sweet.

In the chemistry classroom

Lots of stuff:

cones, test tubes,

Funnel and tripod.

And you don't have to pull.

In vain pens

And then you spill it by accident

Valuable reagent!

"Pharaoh Serpents"

In India, in Egypt, you can watch snakes dancing to the tune of spellcasters. Let's try to make the "serpents" dance, only we will have fire as a caster.

An experience: put a tablet of dry fuel on the stand, put 3 tablets of calcium gluconate on it and set it on fire. A light gray mass is formed in the form resembling snakes.

"Smoke Without Fire"

The old saying goes "There is no smoke without fire", let's check it out.

An experience: (The experiment must be carried out in a well-ventilated room or in a fume hood) pour potassium carbonate into a large flask (300-500 ml) so that it covers its bottom with an even layer, and carefully pour 25% ammonia solution to wet it. Then slowly (be careful!) pour a little concentrated hydrochloric acid into the flask (white "smoke" appears). What do we see? There is smoke, there is no fire. You see, in life there is no smoke without fire, but in chemistry it happens.

"Flame on the Water"

Can you cut metal with a knife? Can he swim? Can water burn?

An experience: add phenolphthalein to a cup of water. Cut off a piece of metallic sodium or lithium and carefully place it in water. The metal floats on the surface, the hydrogen ignites, and the resulting alkali causes the water to turn crimson.

"Volcano"

Mighty nature is full of miracles,
And on Earth they are subject to her alone
Shining stars, sunsets and sunrises,
Gusts of wind and sea surf ...
But we, now you will see for yourself
Sometimes we also have miracles.

An experience: pour ammonium dichromate on a tray, add alcohol, set fire to it.

"Fireproof Scarf"

Remember magic items from fairy tales ( children's answers).

Our flying carpet has flown away
We also don't have a samobranka,
There is a handkerchief, it will now burn,
But, believe me, it will not be able to burn.

An experience: soak a handkerchief in a mixture of glue and water (silicate glue + water = 1: 1.5), dry slightly, then moisten with alcohol and set on fire.

"Orange, lemon, apple"

And now the next magic, from one juice we get another.

An experience: first, a glass with a solution of potassium dichromate, which is orange in color, is shown to the audience. Then, alkali is added, the “orange juice” turns into “lemon juice”. Then the opposite is done: from “lemon juice” - “orange”, for this a little sulfuric acid is added, then a little hydrogen peroxide solution is added and the “juice” becomes “apple”.

"Wound Healing"

There are three vials on the table: "iodine" (FeCl solution 3 ), "alcohol" (KCNS), "living water" (NaF).

Here's another fun for you.
Who gives a hand to cut off?
It's a pity the hand is cut off,
Then you need a patient for treatment! (the bravest boy is invited)
We operate without pain.
True, there will be a lot of blood.
Every operation requires sterilization.
Help assistant
Give me alcohol.
One moment! (gives alcohol- KCNS) We will smear with alcohol plentifully.
Don't turn around, patient
Give me the scalpel, assistant!
("scalpel" - a stick dipped in FeCl 3 )

Look, straight in a trickle
Blood flows, not water.
But now I'll dry my hand
Not a trace of a cut!
"iodine" - FeCl solution 3 , "alcohol" - KCNS, "living water" - NaF.

"We are wizards"

And now you yourself will become wizards. We will now conduct an experiment.

"Colored milk". I suggest you get blue milk. Does this happen in nature? No, but you and I will succeed, only you can’t drink it. We merge copper sulfate and barium chloride together.

Dear Guys! So our miracles and entertaining experiments ended. We hope you liked them! If you know chemistry, it will not be difficult for you to unravel the secrets of "miracles". Grow up and come to us to study this very interesting science - chemistry. See you soon!

Such a complex but interesting science as chemistry always causes an ambiguous reaction among schoolchildren. The children are interested in experiments, as a result of which substances of bright colors are obtained, gases are released or precipitation occurs. But only a few of them like to write complex equations of chemical processes.

The Importance of Entertaining Experiences

According to modern federal standards in general education schools, such a subject of the program as chemistry was also not left without attention.

As part of the study of complex transformations of substances and solving practical problems, the young chemist hones his skills in practice. It is in the course of unusual experiments that the teacher forms an interest in the subject in his pupils. But in ordinary lessons, it is difficult for a teacher to find enough free time for non-standard experiments, and there is simply no time for children to conduct them.

To remedy this, additional elective and elective courses were invented. By the way, many children who are fond of chemistry in grades 8-9 become doctors, pharmacists, scientists in the future, because in such classes a young chemist gets the opportunity to independently conduct experiments and draw conclusions from them.

What courses are associated with entertaining chemistry experiments?

In the old days, chemistry for children was available only from the 8th grade. No special courses or extracurricular activities in the field of chemistry were offered to children. In fact, there was simply no work with gifted children in chemistry, which had a negative impact on the attitude of schoolchildren to this discipline. The guys were afraid and did not understand complex chemical reactions, made mistakes in writing ionic equations.

In connection with the reform of the modern education system, the situation has changed. Now in educational institutions are offered in the lower grades. The children are happy to do the tasks that the teacher offers them, learn to draw conclusions.

Optional courses related to chemistry help high school students gain skills in working with laboratory equipment, and those designed for younger students contain vivid, demonstrative chemical experiments. For example, children study the properties of milk, get acquainted with those substances that are obtained when it is soured.

Experiments with water

Entertaining chemistry for children is interesting when, during the experiment, they see an unusual result: gas evolution, bright color, unusual sediment. A substance such as water is considered ideal for conducting a variety of entertaining chemical experiments for schoolchildren.

For example, chemistry for children of 7 years old may begin with an acquaintance with its properties. The teacher tells the children that most of our planet is covered with water. The teacher also informs the pupils that in a watermelon it is more than 90 percent, and in a person - about 65-70%. Having told schoolchildren about how important water is for humans, we can offer them some interesting experiments. At the same time, it is worth emphasizing the “magic” of water in order to intrigue schoolchildren.

By the way, in this case, the standard set of chemistry for children does not involve any expensive equipment - it is quite possible to limit yourself to available devices and materials.

Experience "Ice Needle"

Let's give an example of such a simple and also interesting experiment with water. This is a building of ice sculpture - "needles". For the experiment you will need:

• water;
• salt;
• ice cubes.

The duration of the experiment is 2 hours, so such an experiment cannot be carried out in a regular lesson. First you need to pour water into the ice mold, put in the freezer. After 1-2 hours, after the water turns into ice, entertaining chemistry can continue. For the experience, you will need 40-50 ready-made ice cubes.

First, the children must arrange 18 cubes on the table in the form of a square, leaving an empty space in the center. Then, after sprinkling them with table salt, they are carefully applied to each other, thus gluing together.

Gradually, all the cubes are connected, and as a result, a thick and long “needle” of ice is obtained. To make it, 2 teaspoons of table salt and 50 small pieces of ice are enough.

It is possible, by tinting the water, to make the ice sculptures multi-colored. And as a result of such a simple experience, chemistry for children of 9 years old becomes an understandable and exciting science. You can experiment by gluing ice cubes in the form of a pyramid or rhombus.

Experiment "Tornado"

This experiment will not require special materials, reagents and tools. The guys will be able to make it in 10-15 minutes. For the experiment, stock up:

• a plastic transparent bottle with a cap;
• water;
• dishwashing detergent;
• sequins.

The bottle must be filled 2/3 with plain water. Then add 1-2 drops of dishwashing detergent to it. After 5-10 seconds, pour a couple of pinches of sparkles into the bottle. Tighten the cap tightly, turn the bottle upside down, holding the neck, and twist clockwise. Then we stop and look at the resulting vortex. Until the moment the "tornado" works, you will have to scroll the bottle 3-4 times.

Why does a "tornado" appear in an ordinary bottle?

When a child makes circular movements, a whirlwind similar to a tornado appears. The rotation of water around the center occurs due to the action of centrifugal force. The teacher tells the children about how terrible tornadoes are in nature.

Such an experience is absolutely safe, but after it, chemistry for children becomes a truly fabulous science. To make the experiment more vivid, you can use a coloring agent, for example, potassium permanganate (potassium permanganate).

Experiment "Soap Bubbles"

Want to teach kids what fun chemistry is? Programs for children do not allow the teacher to pay due attention to experiments in the lessons, there is simply no time for this. So, let's do this optionally.

For elementary school students, this experiment will bring a lot of positive emotions, and you can do it in a few minutes. We will need:

• liquid soap;
• jar;
• water;
• thin wire.

In a jar, mix one part liquid soap with six parts water. We bend the end of a small piece of wire in the form of a ring, lower it into the soap mixture, carefully pull it out and blow out a beautiful soap bubble of our own making from the mold.

Only wire that does not have a nylon layer is suitable for this experiment. Otherwise, children will not be able to blow soap bubbles.

In order to make it more interesting for the guys, you can add food coloring to the soap solution. You can arrange soap competitions between schoolchildren, then chemistry for children will become a real holiday. The teacher thus introduces the children to the concept of solutions, solubility and explains the reasons for the appearance of bubbles.

Entertaining experience "Water from plants"

To begin with, the teacher explains how important water is for cells in living organisms. It is with the help of it that the transport of nutrients occurs. The teacher notes that in case of insufficient amount of water in the body, all living things die.

For the experiment you will need:

• spirit lamp;
• test tubes;
• green leaves;
• test tube holder;
• copper sulfate (2);
• beaker.

This experiment will take 1.5-2 hours, but as a result, chemistry for children will be a manifestation of a miracle, a symbol of magic.

Green leaves are placed in a test tube, fixed in the holder. In the flame of an alcohol lamp, you need to heat the entire test tube 2-3 times, and then this is done only with the part where the green leaves are.

The glass should be placed so that the gaseous substances released in the test tube fall into it. As soon as the heating is completed, to a drop of the liquid obtained inside the glass, add grains of white anhydrous copper sulfate. Gradually, the white color disappears, and copper sulfate becomes blue or blue.

This experience leads children to complete delight, because the color of substances changes before their eyes. At the end of the experiment, the teacher tells the children about such a property as hygroscopicity. It is due to its ability to absorb water vapor (moisture) that white copper sulfate changes its color to blue.

Experiment "Magic Wand"

This experiment is suitable for an introductory lesson in an elective course in chemistry. First, you need to make a star-shaped blank from it and soak it in a solution of phenolphthalein (indicator).

During the experiment itself, the star attached to the "magic wand" is first immersed in an alkali solution (for example, in a solution of sodium hydroxide). Children see how in a matter of seconds her color changes and a bright crimson color appears. Next, the colored form is placed in an acid solution (for the experiment, the use of a hydrochloric acid solution would be optimal), and the crimson color disappears - the asterisk becomes colorless again.

If the experiment is carried out for kids, during the experiment the teacher tells a "chemical fairy tale". For example, the hero of a fairy tale can be an inquisitive mouse who wanted to know why there are so many bright colors in a magical land. For students in grades 8-9, the teacher introduces the concept of "indicator" and notes which indicators can determine the acidic environment, and which substances are needed to determine the alkaline environment of solutions.

The Genie in the Bottle Experience

This experiment is demonstrated by the teacher himself, using a special fume hood. The experience is based on the specific properties of concentrated nitric acid. Unlike many acids, concentrated nitric acid is able to enter into chemical interaction with metals located after hydrogen (with the exception of platinum, gold).

Pour it into a test tube and add a piece of copper wire there. Under the hood, the test tube is heated, and the children observe the appearance of “red gin” vapors.

For students in grades 8-9, the teacher writes the equation of a chemical reaction, highlights the signs of its course (color change, the appearance of gas). This experience is not suitable for demonstration outside the walls of the school chemistry room. According to safety regulations, it involves the use of nitric oxide vapors (“brown gas”) are dangerous for children.

Home experiments

In order to warm up the interest of schoolchildren in chemistry, you can offer a home experiment. For example, to conduct an experiment on growing salt crystals.

The child should prepare a saturated solution of table salt. Then place a thin twig in it, and as the water evaporates from the solution, salt crystals will “grow” on the twig.

The jar of solution must not be shaken or rotated. And when after 2 weeks the crystals grow, the stick must be very carefully removed from the solution and dried. And then, if desired, you can cover the product with a colorless varnish.

Conclusion

There is no more interesting subject in the school curriculum than chemistry. But in order for children not to be afraid of this complex science, the teacher must devote sufficient time in his work to entertaining experiments and unusual experiments.

It is the practical skills that are formed in the course of such work that will help stimulate interest in the subject. And in the lower grades, entertaining experiments are considered by the Federal State Educational Standards as an independent project and research activity.

My personal experience of teaching chemistry has shown that such a science as chemistry is very difficult to study without any initial knowledge and practice. Schoolchildren very often run this subject. I personally observed how a student of the 8th grade at the word "chemistry" began to frown, as if he had eaten a lemon.

Later it turned out that because of dislike and misunderstanding of the subject, he skipped school in secret from his parents. Of course, the school curriculum is designed in such a way that the teacher must give a lot of theory at the first chemistry lessons. Practice, as it were, fades into the background precisely at the moment when the student cannot yet independently realize whether he needs this subject in the future. This is primarily due to the laboratory equipment of schools. In big cities, things are better now with reagents and instruments. As for the province, as well as 10 years ago, and at present, many schools do not have the opportunity to conduct laboratory classes. But the process of studying and fascination with chemistry, as well as with other natural sciences, usually begins with experiments. And it is no coincidence. Many famous chemists, such as Lomonosov, Mendeleev, Paracelsus, Robert Boyle, Pierre Curie and Maria Sklodowska-Curie (schoolchildren also study all these researchers in physics classes) have already started experimenting since childhood. The great discoveries of these great people were made in home chemical laboratories, since chemistry classes at institutes were available only to wealthy people.

And, of course, the most important thing is to interest the child and convey to him that chemistry surrounds us everywhere, so the process of studying it can be very exciting. This is where home chemistry experiments come in handy. Observing such experiments, one can further look for an explanation of why things happen this way and not otherwise. And when a young researcher encounters similar concepts at school lessons, the teacher’s explanations will be more understandable to him, since he will already have his own experience in conducting home chemical experiments and the knowledge gained.

It is very important to start science studies with the usual observations and real life examples that you think will be the best for your child. Here is some of them. Water is a chemical substance consisting of two elements, as well as gases dissolved in it. Man also contains water. We know that where there is no water, there is no life. A person can live without food for about a month, and without water - only a few days.

River sand is nothing but silicon oxide, and also the main raw material for glass production.

A person himself does not suspect it and carries out chemical reactions every second. The air we breathe is a mixture of gases - chemicals. In the process of exhalation, another complex substance is released - carbon dioxide. We can say that we ourselves are a chemical laboratory. You can explain to the child that washing hands with soap is also a chemical process of water and soap.

An older child who, for example, has already begun to study chemistry at school, can be explained that almost all elements of the periodic system of D. I. Mendeleev can be found in the human body. In a living organism, not only all chemical elements are present, but each of them performs some biological function.

Chemistry is also medicines, without which at present many people cannot live even a day.

Plants also contain the chemical chlorophyll, which gives the leaf its green color.

Cooking is a complex chemical process. Here you can give an example of how the dough rises when yeast is added.

One of the options for getting a child interested in chemistry is to take an individual outstanding researcher and read the story of his life or watch an educational film about him (films about D.I. Mendeleev, Paracelsus, M.V. Lomonosov, Butlerov are now available).

Many believe that real chemistry is harmful substances, it is dangerous to experiment with them, especially at home. There are many very exciting experiences that you can do with your child without harming your health. And these home chemical experiments will be no less exciting and instructive than those that come with explosions, pungent odors and puffs of smoke.

Some parents are also afraid to conduct chemical experiments at home because of their complexity or the lack of the necessary equipment and reagents. It turns out that you can get by with improvised means and those substances that every housewife has in the kitchen. You can buy them at your nearest household store or pharmacy. Test tubes for home chemical experiments can be replaced with pill bottles. For storage of reagents, you can use glass jars, for example, from baby food or mayonnaise.

It is worth remembering that the dishes with reagents must have a label with the inscription and be tightly closed. Sometimes the tubes need to be heated. In order not to hold it in your hands when heated and not get burned, you can build such a device using a clothespin or a piece of wire.

It is also necessary to allocate several steel and wooden spoons for mixing.

You can make a stand for holding test tubes yourself by drilling through holes in the bar.

To filter the resulting substances, you will need a paper filter. It is very easy to make it according to the diagram given here.

For children who do not yet go to school or are studying in elementary grades, setting up home chemical experiments with their parents will be a kind of game. Most likely, such a young researcher will not yet be able to explain some individual laws and reactions. However, it is possible that just such an empirical way of discovering the surrounding world, nature, man, plants through experiments will lay the foundation for the study of natural sciences in the future. You can even arrange original competitions in the family - who will have the most successful experience and then demonstrate them at family holidays.

Regardless of the age of the child and his ability to read and write, I advise you to have a laboratory journal in which you can record experiments or sketch. A real chemist must write down a work plan, a list of reagents, sketches of instruments and describes the progress of work.

When you and your child just begin to study this science of substances and conduct home chemical experiments, the first thing to remember is safety.

To do this, follow the following safety rules:

2. It is better to allocate a separate table for conducting chemical experiments at home. If you do not have a separate table at home, then it is better to conduct experiments on a steel or iron tray or pallet.

3. It is necessary to get thin and thick gloves (they are sold in a pharmacy or hardware store).

4. For chemical experiments, it is best to buy a lab coat, but you can also use a thick apron instead of a dressing gown.

5. Laboratory glassware should not be used for food.

6. In home chemical experiments, there should be no cruelty to animals and violation of the ecological system. Acidic chemical waste should be neutralized with soda, and alkaline with acetic acid.

7. If you want to check the smell of a gas, liquid or reagent, never bring the vessel directly to your face, but, holding it at a certain distance, direct, waving your hand, the air above the vessel towards you and at the same time smell the air.

8. Always use small amounts of reagents in home experiments. Avoid leaving reagents in a container without an appropriate inscription (label) on the bottle, from which it should be clear what is in the bottle.

The study of chemistry should begin with simple chemical experiments at home, allowing the child to master the basic concepts. A series of experiments 1-3 allow you to get acquainted with the basic aggregate states of substances and the properties of water. To begin with, you can show a preschooler how sugar and salt dissolve in water, accompanying this with an explanation that water is a universal solvent and is a liquid. Sugar or salt are solids that dissolve in liquids.

Experience number 1 "Because - without water and neither here nor there"

Water is a liquid chemical substance composed of two elements as well as gases dissolved in it. Man also contains water. We know that where there is no water, there is no life. A person can live without food for about a month, and without water - only a few days.

Reagents and equipment: 2 test tubes, soda, citric acid, water

Experiment: Take two test tubes. Pour in equal amounts of soda and citric acid. Then pour water into one of the test tubes, and not into the other. In a test tube in which water was poured, carbon dioxide began to be released. In a test tube without water - nothing has changed

Discussion: This experiment explains the fact that many reactions and processes in living organisms are impossible without water, and water also accelerates many chemical reactions. Schoolchildren can be explained that an exchange reaction has taken place, as a result of which carbon dioxide has been released.

Experience number 2 "What is dissolved in tap water"

Reagents and equipment: clear glass, tap water

Experiment: Pour tap water into a transparent glass and put it in a warm place for an hour. After an hour, you will see settled bubbles on the walls of the glass.

Discussion: Bubbles are nothing but gases dissolved in water. Gases dissolve better in cold water. As soon as the water becomes warm, the gases cease to dissolve and settle on the walls. A similar home chemical experiment also makes it possible to acquaint the child with the gaseous state of matter.

Experience No. 3 “What is dissolved in mineral water or water is a universal solvent”

Reagents and equipment: test tube, mineral water, candle, magnifying glass

Experiment: Pour mineral water into a test tube and slowly evaporate it over a candle flame (the experiment can be done on the stove in a saucepan, but the crystals will be less visible). As the water evaporates, small crystals will remain on the walls of the test tube, all of them of different shapes.

Discussion: Crystals are salts dissolved in mineral water. They have a different shape and size, since each crystal has its own chemical formula. With a child who has already begun to study chemistry at school, you can read the label on mineral water, which indicates its composition and write the formulas of the compounds contained in mineral water.

Experiment No. 4 "Filtration of water mixed with sand"

Reagents and equipment: 2 test tubes, funnel, paper filter, water, river sand

Experiment: Pour water into a test tube and dip a little river sand into it, mix. Then, according to the scheme described above, make a filter out of paper. Insert a dry, clean test tube into a rack. Slowly pour the sand/water mixture through a filter paper funnel. River sand will remain on the filter, and you will get clean water in a tripod tube.

Discussion: Chemical experience allows us to show that there are substances that do not dissolve in water, for example, river sand. The experience also introduces one of the methods of cleaning mixtures of substances from impurities. Here you can introduce the concepts of pure substances and mixtures, which are given in the 8th grade chemistry textbook. In this case, the mixture is sand with water, the pure substance is the filtrate, and river sand is the sediment.

The filtration process (described in Grade 8) is used here to separate a mixture of water and sand. To diversify the study of this process, you can delve a little into the history of drinking water purification.

Filtration processes were used as early as the 8th and 7th centuries BC. in the state of Urartu (now it is the territory of Armenia) for the purification of drinking water. Its inhabitants carried out the construction of a water supply system with the use of filters. Thick cloth and charcoal were used as filters. Similar systems of intertwined drainpipes, clay canals, equipped with filters were also on the territory of the ancient Nile among the ancient Egyptians, Greeks and Romans. Water was passed through such a filter repeatedly through such a filter several times, eventually many times, ultimately achieving the best water quality.

One of the most interesting experiments is growing crystals. The experience is very clear and gives an idea of ​​many chemical and physical concepts.

Experience number 5 "Grow sugar crystals"

Reagents and equipment: two glasses of water; sugar - five glasses; wooden skewers; thin paper; pot; transparent cups; food coloring (the proportions of sugar and water can be reduced).

Experiment: The experiment should begin with the preparation of sugar syrup. We take a pan, pour 2 cups of water and 2.5 cups of sugar into it. We put on medium heat and, stirring, dissolve all the sugar. Pour the remaining 2.5 cups of sugar into the resulting syrup and cook until completely dissolved.

Now let's prepare the embryos of crystals - sticks. Scatter a small amount of sugar on a piece of paper, then dip the stick in the resulting syrup, and roll it in sugar.

We take the pieces of paper and pierce a hole in the middle with a skewer so that the piece of paper fits snugly against the skewer.

Then we pour the hot syrup into transparent glasses (it is important that the glasses are transparent - this way the process of crystal ripening will be more exciting and visual). The syrup must be hot or the crystals will not grow.

You can make colored sugar crystals. To do this, add a little food coloring to the resulting hot syrup and stir it.

The crystals will grow in different ways, some quickly and some may take longer. At the end of the experiment, the child can eat the resulting lollipops if he is not allergic to sweets.

If you do not have wooden skewers, then you can experiment with ordinary threads.

Discussion: A crystal is a solid state of matter. It has a certain shape and a certain number of faces due to the arrangement of its atoms. Crystalline substances are substances whose atoms are arranged regularly, so that they form a regular three-dimensional lattice, called a crystal. Crystals of a number of chemical elements and their compounds have remarkable mechanical, electrical, magnetic and optical properties. For example, diamond is a natural crystal and the hardest and rarest mineral. Due to its exceptional hardness, diamond plays a huge role in technology. Diamond saws cut stones. There are three ways to form crystals: crystallization from a melt, from a solution, and from a gas phase. An example of crystallization from a melt is the formation of ice from water (after all, water is molten ice). An example of crystallization from solution in nature is the precipitation of hundreds of millions of tons of salt from sea water. In this case, when growing crystals at home, we are dealing with the most common methods of artificial growing - crystallization from a solution. Sugar crystals grow from a saturated solution by slowly evaporating the solvent - water, or by slowly lowering the temperature.

The following experience allows you to get at home one of the most useful crystalline products for humans - crystalline iodine. Before conducting the experiment, I advise you to watch with your child a short film “The life of wonderful ideas. Smart iodine. The film gives an idea of ​​the benefits of iodine and the unusual story of its discovery, which will be remembered by the young researcher for a long time. And it is interesting because the discoverer of iodine was an ordinary cat.

The French scientist Bernard Courtois during the years of the Napoleonic wars noticed that in the products obtained from the ashes of seaweed, which were thrown onto the coast of France, there is some substance that corrodes iron and copper vessels. But neither Courtois himself nor his assistants knew how to isolate this substance from the ashes of algae. Chance helped speed up the discovery.

At his small saltpeter plant in Dijon, Courtois was going to conduct several experiments. There were vessels on the table, one of which contained an alcoholic tincture of seaweed, and the other a mixture of sulfuric acid and iron. On the shoulders of the scientist sat his beloved cat.

There was a knock on the door, and the frightened cat jumped down and ran away, brushing the flasks on the table with its tail. The vessels broke, the contents mixed, and suddenly a violent chemical reaction began. When a small cloud of vapors and gases settled, the surprised scientist saw some kind of crystalline coating on the objects and debris. Courtois began to explore it. Crystals to anyone before this unknown substance were called "iodine".

So a new element was discovered, and Bernard Courtois's domestic cat went down in history.

Experience No. 6 "Obtaining iodine crystals"

Reagents and equipment: tincture of pharmaceutical iodine, water, a glass or a cylinder, a napkin.

Experiment: We mix water with tincture of iodine in the proportion: 10 ml of iodine and 10 ml of water. And put everything in the refrigerator for 3 hours. During cooling, the iodine will precipitate at the bottom of the glass. We drain the liquid, take out the iodine precipitate and put it on a napkin. Squeeze with napkins until the iodine begins to crumble.

Discussion: This chemical experiment is called extraction or extraction of one component from another. In this case, the water extracts the iodine from the spirit lamp solution. Thus, the young researcher will repeat the experience of the cat Courtois without smoke and beating dishes.

Your child will already learn about the benefits of iodine for disinfecting wounds from the movie. Thus, you show that there is an inextricable link between chemistry and medicine. However, it turns out that iodine can be used as an indicator or analyzer of the content of another useful substance - starch. The following experience will introduce the young experimenter to a separate very useful chemistry - analytical.

Experience No. 7 "Iodine-indicator of starch content"

Reagents and equipment: fresh potatoes, pieces of banana, apple, bread, a glass of diluted starch, a glass of diluted iodine, a pipette.

Experiment: We cut the potatoes into two parts and drip diluted iodine on it - the potatoes turn blue. Then we drip a few drops of iodine into a glass of diluted starch. The liquid also turns blue.

We drip with a pipette iodine dissolved in water on an apple, banana, bread, in turn.

Watching:

The apple didn't turn blue at all. Banana - slightly blue. Bread - turned blue very much. This part of the experience shows the presence of starch in various foods.

Discussion: Starch, reacting with iodine, gives a blue color. This property gives us the ability to detect the presence of starch in various foods. Thus, iodine is, as it were, an indicator or analyzer of starch content.

As you know, starch can be converted into sugar, if you take an unripe apple and drop iodine, it will turn blue, since the apple is not yet ripe. As soon as the apple ripens, all the starch contained will turn into sugar and the apple does not turn blue at all when treated with iodine.

The following experience will be useful for children who have already started studying chemistry at school. It introduces concepts such as chemical reaction, compound reaction, and qualitative reaction.

Experiment No. 8 "Flame coloring or compound reaction"

Reagents and equipment: tweezers, table salt, spirit lamp

Experiment: Take with tweezers a few crystals of coarse salt table salt. Let's hold them over the flame of the burner. The flame will turn yellow.

Discussion: This experiment makes it possible to carry out a chemical combustion reaction, which is an example of a compound reaction. Due to the presence of sodium in the composition of table salt, during combustion, it reacts with oxygen. As a result, a new substance is formed - sodium oxide. The appearance of a yellow flame indicates that the reaction has passed. Such reactions are qualitative reactions to compounds containing sodium, that is, it can be used to determine whether sodium is present in a substance or not.