At what distance from the gas pipe can the cable be laid in the cable duct? How to correctly determine the distance from a gas tank to a residential building: choose a suitable place on the site Distance from a private house to a gas pipe
Bought a plot to build a house. Neighboring gas pipelines were laid from the fence at a distance of 30 cm, parallel to the fence, to our site. These pipes are not main. The main pipe is on the other side. The neighbors connected their pipe to it and led it through our site. At what distance from this pipe can we now build a house. We want at a distance of 70 cm from the pipe (the project of the house is already ready). Is it possible to do so?
Specialists of Gazprom Mezhregiongaz Pyatigorsk LLC answer
If the project of the house is already ready, then you need to coordinate it with the local gas distribution organization and determine the place of connection of the household. It is impossible to unequivocally answer your question, since there are no data on the type of gas pipeline laying and its pressure in circulation.
1. If the gas pipeline is underground: According to SNiP 42-01-2002 Gas distribution systems updated version of SP 62.13330.2011 Appendix B, the distance from the gas pipelines to the foundations of buildings and structures with a nominal diameter of up to 300 mm: - up to 0.005 MPa - 2 meters; - St. 0.005 to 0.3 MPa - 4 meters; - St. 0.3 to 0.6 MPa - 7 meters. over 300 mm: - up to 0.005 MPa - 2 meters; - St. 0.005 to 0.3 MPa - 4 meters; - St. 0.3 to 0.6 MPa - 7 meters. Also, in accordance with the Rules for the Protection of Gas Distribution Networks approved by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of November 20, 2000 N 878, a security zone is established for gas distribution networks along the routes of external gas pipelines - in the form of an area limited by conditional lines passing at a distance of 2 meters from each side of the gas pipeline.
2. If the gas pipeline is above ground: The distance to household buildings is not standardized. It is only necessary to comply with the conditions for crossing the gas pipeline with window and door openings - 0.5 m and below the roof - 0.2 m.
The use of "blue fuel" for domestic needs has a significant drawback - the difficulty in the implementation of delivery and storage. This shortcoming has been overcome thanks to the gas tank - a "vat" for hydrocarbon liquefied gas.
The arrangement of autonomous gasification is subject to a set of requirements and standards. First of all, it is necessary to evaluate the parameters of the site, determine the distance from the gas tank to the residential building, the nearest buildings and communications.
The main gasification of remote villages has not yet been completed, and many settlements are left without a convenient "blue fuel". An alternative solution for centralized gas supply is the installation of a gas tank and the arrangement of an autonomous network.
A gas holder is a monolithic container for storing natural gas. Structurally, the tank is made in the form of a tank with a neck. In the upper part there are elements that control the pressure and the remaining fuel.
Undoubtedly, the operation of any gas equipment is associated with a certain risk, therefore, a number of requirements are imposed on the organization, location and installation technology of the gas tank.
In the galgozer, liquefied gas is gradually converted into steam, the propane-butane composition enters the reactor and acquires the desired pressure. Gas pipeline delivers "blue fuel" to consumers
The site for the installation of a gas storage facility is assessed according to the following criteria:
- relief;
- the composition of the underlying and enclosing soil layers and the proximity of groundwater;
- availability of water intake points, residential, utility and public premises.
Relief. The area chosen for surface mounting must be level. This requirement is especially relevant when installing ground modifications - installation on a slope is prohibited.
Priming. It is acceptable to place the gas storage in soil massifs with different moisture content. The convenience of earthworks and the choice of the type of gas tank will depend on the physical and mechanical properties of rocks.
If there is no risk of reinforcement flooding, models without a high neck can be used. As an option, a tank is suitable, where the taps are attached to welded pipes 12 cm long - this “safety” height, if there are doubts about flooding.
For places with "high" groundwater, structures have been developed with an elongated neck that provides protection for the reinforcement. Due to the protection device, the operation of the gas tank is stable and efficient
Water is an excellent conductor of thermal waves, and the process of evaporation of the propane-butane mixture determines the temperature of the medium. The higher the score, the more intense the process. Installation work in low-moisture rocks is easier, but the environment for the normal operation of the gas tank is less favorable.
Coarse-clastic soil can be dangerous, especially if its components are weakly rounded, i.e. with sharp edges. Boulders, pebbles and large rubble complicate the installation of equipment, and the mass of gravel and gruss creates an additional load on the gas pipeline.
In most cases, a pit is developed for installation, which is recommended to be filled with river or quarry sand after the structure is immersed.
Proximity to water sources. According to building codes, the minimum distance from a gas tank to a reservoir (well, well) is 15 m, to a water main - 5 m.
Neighborhood with buildings. Fire distances from liquefied gas tanks to structures are indicated in paragraph 8.1.6 of the regulatory document "Gas distribution systems" (SNiP 42-01-2002). The next section is devoted to this issue.
It is more practical to place a gas tank closer to the gate for unhindered access of a gas carrier and filling the tank.
The site above the gas storage is a kind of exclusion zone. It is forbidden to equip a barbecue area, install barbecue grills and other flammable equipment on it.
In addition, concreting or paving the site, as well as organizing a parking space and planting trees, is unacceptable.
Fire distances to protected objects
Determining the optimal location for the site depends on the volume of the tank and the method of its installation: underground or ground installation. For each option, strict standards are defined, the neglect of which is unacceptable due to explosive, environmental and fire safety requirements.
Volume - the determining parameter of the remoteness of buildings
Not only the location of the container on the site, but also the convenience of use depends on the correct choice of volume. The volume of the gas tank is selected so that one refueling is enough for 1-1.5 years. The calculation of the volume is based on the area of \u200b\u200bthe house.
According to the norms, 20 liters of "blue fuel" per year are consumed for heating 1 sq.m of housing. If the gas is used in parallel for cooking, hot water supply, then the figure increases to 27 l / year.
Knowing the dimensions of the house and the needs of the residents, it is easy to perform the calculation. For example, for a cottage of 200 sq.m, a gas tank with a volume of 4000 liters or more is suitable. An alternative option is to determine the size of the tank according to the power of the boiler plant. For example, a 50 W boiler will require a 5000 l gas tank.
It should be taken into account that the maximum filling of the gas storage is 85% of the total volume, and the minimum remaining fuel is 5%. Therefore, when choosing a gas tank, it is necessary to take into account a certain margin (plus 10-15%)
Norms for the location of underground gas tanks
For year-round operation in cold winters, it is necessary to choose an underground "storage". The module is submerged below the ground freezing line, which supports the natural evaporation of gas at sub-zero temperatures outside.
General distance standards from underground tanks of any volume:
- sports grounds, children's complexes, garages - 10 m;
- underground pipeline of the heating main, sewerage - 3.5 m;
- external communications that are not included in the backup equipment group - 5 m;
- the edge of the carriageway of a non-speed highway for 1-2 lanes - 5 m;
- motorways and express roads with 3 or more lanes - 10 m;
- access tram track, industrial railway tracks - 10 m.
The distance to buildings for various purposes is determined by the capacity of the liquefied gas tank. The gradation of values is provided for "storages" with a volume of up to 10 cubic meters, 10-20 cubic meters, 20-50 cubic meters.
Distance to residential buildings for monoblock tanks up to 10 cubic meters - 10 meters, up to 20 cubic meters - 15 meters, up to 50 cubic meters - 20 meters. Distance of public buildings - 15, 20 and 30 meters, respectively
Various standards are provided for regarding industrial premises. The range of distances is 8-15 m. The distance to the general-purpose railway tracks is also regulated - 20-30 m, depending on the volume of the gas tank.
SNiP allows for a 50% reduction in the interval between a residential building and a "gas vat". However, such a decision must be justified by technical reasons and agreed with the local division of gas distribution systems.
The distance must be measured from the nearest point of the foundation to the wall of the gas tank. This norm is not stipulated in regulatory documents, but is practiced during the installation of a gas storage
In addition to the requirements for the remoteness of the gas tank from various objects, a list of rules for adjusting the underground "storage" is provided:
- installation depth - at least 60 cm from the upper wall of the tank to the ground surface;
- distance between underground gas tanks - at least 1 m;
- access to the neck and fittings of the container must remain free.
Regardless of the displacement, the underground tank is mounted on a foundation - a concrete slab. The base prevents the "floating" of the tank in case of ground movements.
The subtleties of mounting a ground tank
The use of a ground gas tank has several significant advantages: simplicity, speed of installation and a decrease in the intensity of metal corrosion. Local damage is easy to detect and repair in a timely manner.
However, this type of equipment is rarely used for gas supply to a private house. The main reason is a significant decrease in system performance in winter. At sub-zero temperatures (below -0.5°C), liquefied gas does not evaporate naturally.
To maintain the process, it is required to equip the gas tank with an evaporator. With an insignificant consumption of "blue fuel", capital investments in gasification pay off for a very long time. Due to ground placement, the requirements for fire-prevention distances from the gas storage to buildings and other objects are more stringent.
The minimum distances are given separately for three groups of standard sizes: up to 5 cubic meters, from 5 to 10 cubic meters and tanks with a capacity of 10-20 cubic meters. The “+” sign indicates the distance from the gas tank to real estate objects that are not serviced by the installation
Additional restrictions on the location of the ground "gas vat":
- railways of general purpose - 25-30-40 m in accordance with the volume;
- local tram and railway tracks - 20 m;
- roads IV-V category (1-2 lanes) - 10 m, I-III category (from 3 lanes) - 20 m.
For safety reasons, a kind of open cap is installed above the gas tank, which protects the module from direct sunlight and precipitation. Overheating of the tank or lightning can lead to an explosion, and rain and snow to accelerated corrosion.
Placement of mobile gas storages
A mini-gas tank is a capacious gas cylinder with a volume of up to 500 cubic meters, equipped with the fittings required for safe operation: a reducer, a level gauge and safety valves. The equipment is characterized by compact dimensions, for example, the parameters of a 480 l tank are: length - 2 m, diameter - 60 cm.
With proper use, its service life is the same as that of a full-sized gas tank. The mini-model is placed permanently or installed on a trailer, which ensures the mobility of the gas storage.
Refueling is greatly simplified, as it becomes possible both at the location and at the gas filling station.
An important advantage of a mini-gas tank is the absence of strict requirements for its placement. Work on connecting the tank to the gas system at home takes about two hours
According to SP 63.13330 of 2011, the minimum distance from the house to a small gas tank is permissible, namely, placement directly against the wall. The remoteness of the equipment from other objects of protection is not specified.
Mini-gas holders are in demand to provide autonomous gasification of premises with relatively low or seasonal fuel consumption: country houses, heating of cafe sites, hotels. The reservoir is often used as a backup source of gas in case of interruptions to the centralized main.
Code of requirements for laying a gas pipeline
Certain standardized norms are also applied to the arrangement of the gas pipeline running from the gas tank to the house. Gas is supplied to the premises through an underground pipeline through the basement input. Safety rules prohibit the entry of the gas pipeline into the house by underground.
Scheme of entering the pipe line into the house. Designations: 1 - gas tank, 2 - concrete base slab, 3 - condenser collector, 4 - underground pipeline, 5 - basement entry unit
General requirements for laying a gas pipeline on the "gas tank-house" site:
- track depth - not less than 1.7 m;
- trench width - there are no strict restrictions, the value depends on the footage of the gas pipeline and the quality of the soil;
- minimum slope towards the condensate collector - 1 cm per 1 m (no more than 5°), maximum slope - 100 mm;
- distance from the highway to the foundations of buildings - 2 m or more;
- distance to parallel placed communications - 1 m, with a cross arrangement - 2 m in height.
The underground gas pipeline line is assembled from high-density polyethylene pipes containing nitrile. Ground line - steel gas pipes. The polymer pipeline should not reach the point where the ground temperature drops to -20°C or less.
The transition of the polyethylene-steel gas pipeline is carried out at a depth of 40 cm. The site must be protected from electrochemical corrosion - a polymer coating is used up to a height exceeding ground level
Safety of gas tank operation
Despite all the advantages of autonomous gasification, many consumers are deterred by the thought of the risks of storing a flammable substance on a site near a residential building.
To ensure safety, it is not enough to maintain the required distances during installation; it is necessary to comply with all conditions for refueling, operation and maintenance of the gas tank installation.
Operational rules:
- Preservation of an inexhaustible supply - about ¼ of the volume. When using all the fuel in the tank, a vacuum is formed, with further refueling in violation of the technology, an explosion is possible.
- Filling the gas tank exclusively by a specialized company. Minor savings on the services of unskilled "gas workers" can lead to a fire.
- Safety valve control. Timely troubleshooting will prevent an emergency situation.
- Prevention of gas leakage. The flow of "blue fuel" is the most dangerous - the propane-butane mixture "spreads" down, since it is heavier than air.
The possibility of fuel leakage exists when the tank is damaged, the fittings malfunction, unqualified repairs or refueling, as well as when the elements of the gas distribution system are not hermetically connected.
The safety of operation and refueling is ensured by the equipment: 1 - draining residues from the condenser tank, 2 - safety valve, 3 - reducer, 4 - gas pipeline, 5 - level gauge - measurement of tank fullness, 6 - filling valve, 7 - gas steam extraction valve, 8 - pressure gauge, 9 – liquid gas extraction valve
Mandatory precautions include the use of lightning protection and grounding. Near the gas tank, it is unacceptable to carry out welding work, kindling a fire.
He will acquaint you with the standard prices for the installation of a gas tank, in which all points of the upcoming costs are analyzed in detail and recommendations are given for possible savings.
Conclusions and useful video on the topic
Video report on the operation of the installed gas tank for servicing a private house. The review deals with the equipment equipment that ensures the safety of use, and the permissible distances to objects on the site:
One of the main requirements for the safe operation of a gas tank is compliance with the standardized distances from a residential building and other objects to the gas storage. Under unsatisfied conditions of the section itself, some indulgence regarding the boundary distances is permissible. It is better to entrust the assessment of the installation site and installation to a specialized company.
Tell us about how you selected a place on your personal plot to install a gas tank. It is possible that you have useful information that will be useful to site visitors. Please write comments in the block below, publish photos on the topic of the article, ask questions.
At present, it is difficult to imagine the life of large and small cities, as well as industrial enterprises without an established system of pipelines. They supply liquids and gases, allow people to heat their homes, and enterprises to operate successfully. However, while benefiting from the existence of gas pipelines, one must remember that gas communications are quite dangerous, and damage to them is fraught with a serious accident.
From the history of gas pipelines
The first gas pipelines were used in ancient China. Bamboo was used as pipes, but there were no pipes and gas was supplied by gravity. Connections of bamboo pipes were packed with tow, such structures allowed the Chinese to heat and light their homes, to evaporate salt.
The first European gas pipelines appeared in the second half of the 19th century. Then gas was used to create street lighting. The first street lamps were oil lamps, and in 1799 the Frenchman Lebon proposed thermal lamps capable of illuminating and heating rooms. The idea was not supported by the government, and he equipped his house with thousands, which remained a Parisian landmark until the engineer's death. Only in 1813 did Le Bon's students manage to start lighting cities in this way, but this was already in England. It arrived in Paris six years later, in 1819. Artificial coal gas was used as fuel.
St. Petersburg began to heat the premises by transmitting gas through a gas pipeline in 1835, and Moscow in 1865.
Types of gas pipelines depending on the gas pressure inside them and the method of laying
A gas pipeline is a structure made up of pipes, supports and auxiliary equipment, designed to deliver gas to the required place. The movement of gas is always carried out under pressure, on which the characteristics of each section depend.
Gas pipelines are main or distribution. The former transport gas over long distances from one gas distribution station to another. The latter are designed to deliver gas from a distribution station to a place of consumption or storage. The composition of the pipeline can include both one and several lines interconnected by a single technological chain.
Main gas pipelines are of two categories depending on the gas pressure in them.
- The first category of main gas pipelines operates under pressure up to 10 MPa.
- The second category of main gas pipelines is designed to work with gas, the pressure of which is up to 2.5 MPa.
Distribution gas pipelines are divided into three groups depending on the gas pressure in them.
- Low pressure. Gas is transferred to them at 0.005 MPa.
- Medium pressure. Gas is transferred in such pipelines under pressure from 0.005 to 0.3 MPa.
- High pressure. They work under pressure from 0.3 to 0.6 MPa.
Another classification allows you to divide all gas pipelines, depending on the method of their laying, into underground, underwater and land.
What is a gas pipeline security zone and why is it needed
This is a piece of land symmetrical about the axis of the gas pipeline, the width of which depends on the type of gas pipeline and is established by special documents. The establishment of gas pipeline security zones makes it possible to prohibit or restrict construction in the area where the gas pipeline passes. The purpose of its creation is to create normal conditions for the operation of the gas pipeline, its regular maintenance, maintaining integrity, as well as minimizing the consequences of possible accidents.
There are "Rules for the Protection of Main Pipelines", which regulate the establishment of security zones for various pipelines, which include gas pipelines transporting natural or other gases.
Agricultural work is allowed on the territory of the protected zone, but construction is prohibited. Work on the reconstruction of existing and networks must be agreed with the organization that maintains and operates the gas pipeline. Works that are prohibited from being carried out in the protected zone also include the arrangement of basements, the performance of welding, the installation of fences that prevent free access to pipes, the creation of dumps and storage facilities, the installation of stairs based on the gas pipeline, as well as the installation of unauthorized connections.
Features of the security zone of high pressure gas pipelines
The security zone of the gas pipeline of the 1st and 2nd categories is equipped in the same way. Their function is to supply gas to distribution networks of low and medium pressure.
- High-pressure gas pipelines of the 1st category operate with gas under pressure from 0.6 MPa to 1.2 MPa if they move natural gas or gas-air mixtures. For hydrocarbon gases transported in liquefied form, this pressure should not exceed 1.6 MPa. Their protection zone is 10 m on both sides of the gas pipeline axis in the case of gas distribution pipelines and 50 meters for high-pressure main gas pipelines through which natural gas is transported. If liquefied gas is being transported, the security zone is 100 m.
- High-pressure gas pipelines of the 2nd category transport natural gas, gas-air mixtures and liquefied gas under pressure from 0.3 to 0.6 MPa. Their security zone is 7 m, and if the gas pipeline is main - 50 m for natural gas and 100 for liquefied gas.
Organization of a high-pressure gas pipeline security zone
The security zone of the high-pressure gas pipeline is organized by the organization operating it on the basis of a project that refines the survey carried out after the completion of construction and the issued permits. To maintain it, the following activities are carried out.
- Every six months, an organization operating high-pressure gas pipelines is obliged to remind individuals and organizations that operate land in protected areas about the features of land use in these areas.
- Every year the route must be updated and, if necessary, corrected all the documentation issued on it. The security zone of the high-pressure gas pipeline is specified accordingly.
- The security zone of the high-pressure gas pipeline is marked on its linear sections with the help of columns located at a distance of no more than 1000 m (Ukraine) and no more than 500 m (Russia), all angles of rotation of the pipe should also be indicated with a column.
- The places of intersection of the gas pipeline with transport highways and other communications are necessarily marked with special signs notifying that there is a high-pressure gas pipeline exclusion zone. Stopping vehicles within the designated security zone is prohibited.
- Each column is supplied with two posters with information about the depth of the route, as well as its direction. The first plate is installed vertically, and the other with mileage marks - at an angle of 30 degrees for the possibility of visual control from the air.
Features of the buffer zone of medium pressure gas pipelines
The security zone of the medium pressure gas pipeline, according to regulatory documents, is 4 meters. As for high pressure lines, it is established on the basis of technical documentation provided by design organizations. The basis for creating a buffer zone and applying it to the master plan is an act issued by local governments or executive authorities.
The security zone of the medium pressure gas pipeline assumes the presence of restrictions similar to those indicated for high pressure pipelines. To perform any excavation work in the buffer zone, it is required to obtain permission from the organization serving this section of the gas pipeline.
The marking of protection zones for medium pressure is carried out in a similar way. On the columns there should be plates with information about the name of the gas pipeline, the linkage of the route, the distance from the plate to the axis of the pipeline, the size of the security zone, telephone numbers for contacting the organization serving this section of the gas pipeline. Shields are allowed to be placed on communication networks and control and measuring columns.
Features of the security zone of low pressure gas pipelines
The main function of low pressure gas pipelines is to provide gas supply to residential buildings and structures, which can be either built-in or freestanding. Transportation of a large amount of gas with their help is unprofitable, therefore, large utility consumers do not use such networks.
The security zone of the low pressure gas pipeline is 2 m on both sides of the pipe laying axis. Such gas pipelines are the least dangerous, so the security zone around them is minimal. Restrictions on its operation are similar to those introduced for security zones of other types of gas pipeline.
The security zone of the low-pressure gas pipeline is marked out similarly to the previous two. If the plates located on the bindings are yellow, then the laid pipeline is made of polyethylene. If it is green, then the material of the pipe is steel. The plate does not have a red edging on top, which is typical for high-pressure pipelines.
Security zone of the external gas pipeline
An external gas pipeline is a gas pipeline located outside buildings to a diaphragm or other shut-off device, or to a case, with the help of which entry into the building is carried out in the underground version. It can be located underground, above ground or above ground.
For external gas pipelines, there are the following rules for determining security zones:
- The security zone of the external gas pipeline along the routes is 2 m on each side of the axis.
- If the gas pipeline is underground and made of polyethylene pipes, and a copper wire is used to mark the route, then the security zone of the underground gas pipeline in this case is 3 m from the side where the wire is located, and 2 m from the other side.
- If the gas pipeline is designed for that, regardless of the pipe material, its security zone is 10 m on both sides of the pipe axis.
- If the gas pipeline is inter-settlement and crosses a wooded area or areas overgrown with shrubs, its buffer zone is 3 meters on both sides of the axis. They are arranged in the form of clearings, the width of which is 6 meters.
- The security zone of gas pipelines located among tall trees is equal to their maximum height so that the fall of a tree cannot cause a violation of the integrity of the gas pipeline.
- The protective zone of an external gas pipeline passing under water through rivers, reservoirs or lakes is 100 m. It can be visually represented as the distance between two parallel planes passing through conditional border lines.
How a security zone is established for a particular gas pipeline
The protected zone of the gas pipeline is one of the territories with a special land use regime. At the same time, there is a sanitary protection zone for these facilities, the rules for the arrangement of which are established by SanPiN 2.2.1 / 2.1.1.1200-03.
According to Appendix 1 to these rules, the sanitary zone of a high-pressure gas pipeline depends on the pressure in the pipe, its diameter, as well as the type of buildings and structures in relation to which the distance is calculated.
The smallest from rivers and other water bodies, as well as water intakes and irrigation facilities is 25 m for main gas pipelines of any diameter and type.
The largest protective zone of a high-pressure gas pipeline is necessary when it comes to a class 1 main gas pipeline with a diameter of 1200 mm in cities, summer cottages and other crowded places. In this case, the length of the sanitary zone reaches 250 m.
More detailed data on the sanitary protection zones of natural and liquefied gas main gas pipelines can be found in the relevant tables of this document. For highways transporting liquefied gas, sanitary zones have been significantly increased.
Violation of the gas pipeline security zone. Legal and environmental implications
Violation of the gas pipeline security zone can cause a serious man-made accident, fire or explosion. They can be caused by unauthorized earthworks in protected areas without the consent of the gas pipeline service organization, falling trees, and damage by cars.
In the best case, insulation failure will occur, in the worst case, cracks and other defects will appear on the pipe, which over time will cause gas leakage. Such defects may not appear immediately and only eventually cause an emergency condition.
Damage to gas pipelines due to violation of security zones is punishable by a large administrative fine, which depends on the degree of damage. Demolition of buildings and structures built on the territory of protected zones is carried out by decision of the administrative court.
Carrying out unauthorized earthworks, unauthorized planting of trees and shrubs, organizing sports competitions, placing sources of fire, constructing buildings, developing sand pits, as well as fishing, deepening or cleaning the bottom, and arranging a watering hole in the places where the underwater section of the gas pipeline passes, is punishable by fines from 5 thousand rubles.
Security zones in the design of gas pipelines: land acquisition and development
The Rules for the Protection of Gas Distribution Networks will help determine which gas pipeline security zone should be applied in each specific case. Typically, this documentation, along with other permissions, is provided by the designers. The question of who will coordinate the project with the services that operate the networks, as well as with local authorities, is determined by the work contract. The organization carrying out the project must have a license for these types of work.
The first step in creating a security zone is to perform a control survey. Its main purpose is to check the correctness of the bindings and their compliance with the design documentation.
The result of this survey is the specified coordinates of the characteristic points of the finished route, the location, number and geometry of the elements and parts of the gas pipeline, as well as the established regulatory points, measuring instruments, hydraulic fracturing and hydraulic distribution units, supports and other structures.
Security zones for gas distribution networks are determined by the Rules approved on November 20, 2000 by Government Decree No. 878.
The security zones of gas pipelines are regulated by the Rules approved by the Ministry of Fuel and Energy on 04/29/1992 and Gostekhnadzor (No. 9) on 04/22/1992.
The result of these works is a map or plan for a given land management facility, which is subject to agreement with the owners or users of land plots through which the gas pipeline passes. One copy of the land management file for this site is transferred to the state bodies of the land registry.
At what distance from the fence and other buildings, high-voltage power lines and other communications can a dwelling be built - a matter that requires a priority solution. Failure to comply with regulations leads to legal conflicts with neighbors. To avoid such problems, you should familiarize yourself with the requirements of laws regarding the placement of residential buildings in advance.
The wall of the house may coincide with the line of the external fenceFundamentals of legal regulation of the placement of buildings
Not a single normative act precisely regulates the issue of the distance between buildings. The norms for the position of architectural structures on the site are determined by the local administration. To avoid paying a fine and demolishing a building, you need to contact the architecture committee to familiarize yourself with the accepted standards for the placement of buildings in this locality.
The issue of building planning is regulated by the following standards:
- SP 30-102-99. Establishes norms of distances between IZHS objects and other outbuildings. Thus, a residential building should be located at a distance of at least 6 m from dwellings, garages and ancillary buildings on an adjacent site.
- SP 4.13130.2009. The main document that establishes fire safety measures. Compliance with security distances between buildings is designed to protect buildings from fire and prevent the spread of fire due to their proximity.
- SNiP 30-02-97. Regulates the placement of buildings in horticultural associations. In some cases, by decision of the local administration, the standard applies to the objects of individual housing construction, private household plots and summer cottages.
- SNiP 2.07.01-89. Regulates the area related to the general development of the settlement. Unlike previous standards, this regulation regulates the placement of buildings on the site from the point of view of the local authority, and not the owner.
Permissible distances between houses on neighboring plots
The distances between dwellings on neighboring plots differ in different regions. Consider the location of the site (in the city or in the countryside). The distance is calculated based on the position of the extreme points of the structure - the balcony, terrace and porch. If the dwelling is connected to a garage close to the neighboring plot, the distance is determined relative to its edge.
Table of minimum distances according to fire safety standards between houses made of different materials The amount of indentation depends on the type of cladding. For wall cladding, the following groups of coatings are used:
- Non-combustible materials - stone and reinforced concrete. The safest types of skins, characterized by a low tendency to ignite. Stone buildings can be located at a distance of at least 6 m from each other. They are the best option for building in small areas, allowing you to build dwellings near fences.
- Combustible materials - lumber. To avoid an extensive fire, the distance between wooden buildings should be at least 15 m.
Separately, the issue of the placement of houses, the construction of which used several materials, is being addressed. Dwellings with stone walls but wooden floors should be placed at a distance of at least 8 m from each other. The same distance is maintained if the structures in neighboring areas are built from different groups of materials.
Limiting the distance from the wall of the house to the fence and neighboring buildings
According to the general rules, the distance from the dwelling to the fence according to SNiP must be at least 3 m, and between neighboring houses - at least 6 m. A small, less than a meter, indentation of the dwelling from the border of the site is a violation. If a neighbor built his house a meter from the fence, you can safely go to court, even when the standard indent between the dwellings is observed.
Minimum distances of objects and buildings to the neighbor's fence When planning the future use of the site, it is recommended to draw a diagram of it. The land should be divided into zones, in one of which a residential building will be erected, and in others - a garage and other necessary extensions. According to GOST, buildings should be removed from the fence and the house at the following intervals (m):
- at least 1 - outbuildings for storing inventory;
- 6 - from the windows of a neighbor's house;
- at least 12 - premises for livestock accommodation;
- 6 - summer shower;
- 8 - toilet and compost pit.
Particular attention is paid to the location of the bath. Smoke from a sauna chimney located close to a neighbor's house is the cause of quarrels with neighbors, who can legally demand that the building be demolished.
To avoid trouble during the construction of the bath, the following distances are adhered to:
- at least 12 m from neighboring structures - for smoky steam rooms;
- more than 6 m from the fence and the house, at least 4 m from the buildings located on the site - for the sauna;
- at least 12 m from the neighboring bathhouse and other wooden buildings.
The garden plot is also subject to zoning. It is necessary to plan the land in such a way that it would be possible to build a residential building and the necessary outbuildings on it. Architectural structures located on the SNT site are erected at a distance from its borders by (m):
- 4 - greenhouse, paddock for birds and livestock;
- 1 - buildings for storing inventory;
- 8 - bath, toilet and shower.
A small distance between the house and the neighbor's fence is better to discuss with the neighbors If you want to build a septic tank on the site, it is recommended to obtain the consent of the neighbors. Despite the fact that the construction of a treatment system requires permission only from the local sanitary and epidemiological service, a preliminary discussion and written consent to the construction will protect the owners from false complaints about "flooding of the soil and an unpleasant smell" from unscrupulous neighbors.
Coordination of the design of the treatment system allows you to avoid situations when a septic tank is mistakenly built close, literally a meter from a well for drinking water.
The cleaner is placed at a distance of at least 5 m from the dwelling and 3 m from the boundaries of the site. The system should not be located far from a residential building, as this often leads to blockages.
The distance from the house to the object outside the fence
When deciding on the placement of a house on a site, they also take into account the distance of the future building to power lines, gas pipelines, railways and cemeteries. This will protect households from traffic noise and fumes from burial sites, avoid flooding and subsidence of a private building located on excessively wet soil.
To power lines
To protect the population from electric shock due to accidental deformation of wires, security zones are established on both sides of the power line. Within these areas, housing construction, the construction of summer cottages and gardening associations are prohibited. If a house is still within the power line, it is not demolished, but a ban is imposed on reconstruction and capital construction.
The minimum distance from the house to the power line depends on its voltage Compliance with the security zones of power lines also ensures the safety of the section of the electrical network from fluctuations that occur during the construction of the house. The safe distance from the fence to power lines is determined based on the voltage level and is:
- 35 kV - 15 m;
- 110 kV - 20 m;
- 220 kV - 25 m;
- 500 kV - 30 m;
- 750 kV - 40 m;
- 1150 kV - 55 m.
To the reservoir
When dreaming of a house near a river or a pond, you need to determine whether the acquired land is included in the water protection zone - land adjacent to a water body with special legal protection. The establishment of a special regime is aimed at preventing pollution, silting and salinization of the soil, preserving the wealth of waters and maintaining the natural biocenosis.
The minimum distance from the house to the river depends on the type of reservoir The construction of a house near a reservoir also carries the risk of its destruction due to placement on softened soil. When laying the foundation, the width of the water protection zone of the river or sea is taken into account. This area is determined by the length of the reservoir and is:
- 10 km - 50 m;
- up to 50 km - 100 m;
- over 50 km - 200 m;
- for the sea - more than 500 m.
To the gas pipe
If an external gas pipeline is located on the site, the distance between it and the house must be at least 2 m. The security distance for underground pipes is determined based on the pressure of the gas supply. Within settlements, as a rule, the pressure in the gas pipeline does not exceed 0.005 MPa. In this case, the foundation is laid at a distance not closer than 2 m from the gas pipe.
In the village, a distance of 2 m is sufficient to a low-pressure gas pipe Up the road
In different settlements, the distance between the fence and the road varies. In small towns, as a rule, this figure should be at least 3 m. If the local administration allowed to deviate from the standards, it is still better to build a fence away from the passage. This will not only protect residents, but also facilitate access to the site.
Better to stay away from the dust and smells of the road: at least five meters from the fence Speaking about the distance between the fence and the road, the concepts of "road" and "carriageway" are separated. The first is called a canvas with a pedestrian zone and a roadside, the optimal distance to which is about 3 m. Under the second, a section for the movement of vehicles is considered. If the land plot is located near highways, the distance to the fence should be at least 5 m.
The standard distance from a cemetery with an area of more than 20 hectares to a residential building is at least 500 m. If the site is located in a village near a small cemetery, the dwelling should be located at a distance of at least 300 m from it. the distance to the dwelling is 50 m.
The minimum distance to the cemetery is determined by its size To the railroad
The roar and smell from the railway will not please anyone: we are building a house no closer than 100 m To protect site owners from train noise, the distance from the private sector to the railway should exceed 100 m. but no closer than 50 m.
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