During the construction of a house, such an important detail of the entire structure as the roof is of great importance for the aesthetic perception of the building and protection from unpleasant weather conditions. A variety of types of roofs, depending on the form factor, type, dimensions, as well as design features, require appropriate building materials and complex calculations of loads on various elements of the roof structure.

To answer the question, what are the forms of the roof, consider some of them. Depending on the angle of inclination, roofs are distinguished into two main categories:

Flat roof

Flat roofs - the angle of inclination for such roofs is usually 2 - 3 degrees, if we correlate this angle with the horizon. The use of such roofs in the construction of private houses can be found very rarely. This is due to the fact that maintenance of roofs of this form becomes problematic. During rainy periods, water stagnates on the roof, and in the winter season, the accumulated snow will need to be removed independently.

Apparently, due to these reasons, these types of roofs in private construction are not widespread, although they may have some positive aspects. When erecting this type of roof, you can significantly save on building materials, and use the resulting additional area to good use by arranging a recreation area for your loved ones and guests or a small beautiful garden.

Pitched roofs - these types of roofs are very practical to use, usually the angle of inclination for such roofs can start from 10 degrees or more. In the winter season and during rainy seasons, precipitation does not accumulate on it, snow or rainwater calmly leaves along the slopes through the drainage systems. It is for this reason that the use of pitched roofs has gained such popularity in private construction.

What are the roofs of houses with pitched surfaces? To answer this question, consider some types of roofing of this type:

• lean-to;
• steep gable;
• gentle gable;
• broken (attic) gable;
• half-hip four-slope;
• tent four-slope;
• hip four-slope.

One of the most convenient in construction are shed roofs, in which the slope is no more than 4 - 6 degrees. Such roofs are mainly erected in garages, sheds and other outbuildings. It is quite easy to install shed roofs, but they are still rarely found in suburban or summer cottage construction of residential buildings, mainly this type of roof is used for outbuildings.

If it becomes necessary to use an attic space, then a mansard roof is built, which can be gable and have broken lines of the roof contour. The hip roof is very practical to use; these types of roofs cope well with various types of loads, including wind ones. But this type of roof is not as easy to install as the previous ones. Much more building materials are spent on its construction and a competent team of professionals is required so that everything is done very accurately and correctly. Next, we will take a closer look at the different types and designs of roofs.

When choosing a roof and its type, all factors must be taken into account. Don't just look at life characteristics or other practical considerations, but also consider how your roof will look and shape in terms of aesthetics and artistic value.

For example, a mansard roof not only looks aesthetically pleasing due to its broken shape, but it is also very practical to use. If there is a heavy snowfall, then the snow masses will not linger on such a roof.

What are the types of roofs? Let's look at them in more detail.

The most popular types of roofs of houses today

The popularity of a particular type of roof is often explained either by the ease of its creation, or by an economic factor, or by the climatic conditions of the area. We will briefly talk about what roofs are and why they are so good and popular today.

Gable roof

It is not at all surprising that this particular type of roof comes first. Even in ancient times, our ancestors built houses, namely, with gable roofs, and only then Western trends came to Russia, such as mansard or domed roofs, as well as hip roofs.

This is one of the most popular and comfortable roofs for private houses. A roof with two slopes resting on walls of the same height and forming a space in the form of a triangle (gables) is sometimes called a "gabled roof". The installation of such a roof is much more complicated than the construction of a pitched roof, but the choice of roofing material for it is simplified. It is not inferior to it in functional characteristics: it also easily copes with snow, rain, and wind. In terms of design, a gable roof looks much better than a shed roof.

hip roof

Hip roofs already have 4 slopes, of which two are trapezoidal, and two are triangular.
This type of roof got its name from the word "hips", which means triangular slopes, which are located on the front side. During the construction of such a roof, beams and double tightening are used. In addition, the mandatory equipment of drains for each slope follows, the slope of which is usually made up to 45 degrees. Only a sufficiently steep slope will be able to divert both water and snow, as well as withstand strong gusty winds. The construction of hip roofs requires a lot of labor, as a rather complex truss system is used.

Half hip roof

Half-hip roofs are another type of hip roofs, which differs from the hip roof in that it has a truncated triangular slope, usually located higher than trapezoidal slopes. Its only drawback is the high consumption of material for covering those sections of the roof that are adjacent to the roof ribs.

Mansard roof or broken

Also applies to gable roofs with broken lines of slopes. Such kinks increase the area and volume of the attic, which is commonly called the attic. The pentagonal shape of the gables of the mansard roofs attracts the eye of almost all passers-by. To build such a roof is not very difficult. However, during construction, you are unlikely to do without the insulation of your attic.

The cost of a roof is approximately 15 to 20% of the total cost of building an entire house. Creating an attic under the roof is the most economical option for obtaining additional premises. Therefore, it is very appropriate to slightly increase the cost of the attic, which will give you another full floor. And there you can arrange summer bedrooms and lounges for young family members and guests.

But why does an attic increase costs compared to building a simple attic? This is due, of course, to the need for roof insulation, living quarters require this. Additional injections will be required, and due to the inevitable complication of the roof structure with an attic, there cannot be struts and stretch marks that would be located in the living rooms themselves. For these purposes, they came up with such a shape of the roof (in the form of an attic) with braces and racks above the ceiling of residential premises.

The presence of an attic floor makes it necessary to place a layer of thermal insulation under the roof, and therefore a multi-layer roof appears. Heat-insulating material with an inner lining is usually attached to the rafters (to the inside), and a sheathing is mounted on the outside and a direct roof covering is laid. In this case, it is necessary to strengthen the truss structures due to the multi-layer roof. This can be done by increasing the number of rafters, while reducing the distance between them. A successful solution to this problem can be considered the use of metal truss structures.

One of the important positive aspects of the mansard roof can be considered that the arrangement of the attic can be done later, since the space of the resulting attic will no longer require major complex work.

If you have a desire to save money, but at the same time build a two-story mansion, then we recommend that you take a closer look at the mansard type of roof. This is a great option!

Flat roof

Previously, in private housing construction, flat roofs were not popular. But recently, interest in flat roofs has grown again and is in the field of view of modern architects and designers. Flat roofs have unique features due to their flat surface. On such a roof, you can set up a flower garden, arrange a sports ground or a small pool. This solution is especially suitable for areas with a warm climate. Although in central Russia you can apply this roof option if you use a special system of removable canopies. They will be able to protect the desired part or the entire flat roof from annoying precipitation.

There are many different types of such canopies, but transparent glass structures are especially attractive. They provide additional light to the upper rooms of your house, you can use special lanterns for evening lighting. And here you can find a great place for solar panels and water heaters, if needed.

The advantages of flat roofs include low construction costs, as the cost decreases due to the reduction in the total roof area and the absence of complex rafter structures.

Many do not dare to build such roofs, fearing problems with drainage. But you should not be afraid of this, the installation of drainage systems from a flat roof is no more difficult to perform than the creation of a storm sewer. And the roof itself should have a slight, barely noticeable slope, so that the water that appears can flow to the drains. Drainage systems are usually organized outside and inside the house.

Many people find it convenient to combine storm drains with the internal sewers of a building, but do not forget to take into account the level of rainfall in your area.

The disadvantages of a flat roof include a problem with thermal insulation. It can be difficult to cope with the strong heating of residential premises in the hot season, but it is not difficult to create a cold protection system (as in the version of the mansard roof).

If in a pitched roof the "heat exchanger" is an attic, then in a house with a flat roof it is necessary to create it in a special way. Most importantly, know that between the ceiling of the living rooms and the roof of the roof there must be ventilation, in whatever form you like. Create a small ventilated attic or special ventilation ducts that are best placed under the roofing material.

Less popular, but no less interesting types of roofs of houses

In this section, we will consider what types of roofs are still, in addition to the most popular and widely known among the population of our country. This group represents the types and designs of roofs of unusual and beautiful forms, but requiring practical skills to create them. What are the forms of the roof of the original structures and where they can be used, we will briefly present further in the text.

shed roof

A characteristic feature of this type of roof is that it has a truss system that rests on walls of different heights, and since one wall is slightly higher than the other, a slope is formed due to this. Such roofs are quite easy to erect, and to cover them, you can use inexpensive and reliable materials, such as ondulin, slate, roofing material. The convenience of such roofs is obvious, precipitation does not accumulate on them, flowing smoothly in the direction of the slope. Therefore, it is quite clear to understand where it is necessary to install drains for water, providing the building with reliable dryness.

The truth and the flaws are obvious. One of the most important is that the room will be without an attic. Today, it is very rare to see private houses that would have a pitched roof.

hipped roof

Usually it has four slopes of identical triangles that converge to one upper point. If you like houses in the shape of an equilateral polygon (for example, a square), then a hipped roof will help you out, which looks like a tent and looks great. However, it is not easy to mount such a roof, it has a very complex truss system.

Multi-gable roof

A standard roof of this type (also called a valley roof) has a very complex structure: a large number of external ribs and valleys (internal corners) at the junction of the slopes. When erecting such a roof, be sure to contact specialists with experience in its installation. A multi-gable roof is used for the construction of polygonal houses, which have many different outbuildings and side attics.

dome roof

Dome-shaped roofs usually cover only part of the building, rarely the entire structure. During its construction, a frame of curved elements is used, and both soft materials (stekloizol, roofing material, bituminous tiles) and flexible materials (galvanized steel or plastic tiles) are used to cover the roof. Some lovers of the old and unique style even today decorate their “castles” with domed roofs of various sizes.

spherical roof

The construction of a spherical roof is becoming a little more popular in recent times. Arbors are usually placed under this type of roof, as well as other types of buildings (stadiums, cathedrals and churches), which also have a roof or a domed type. Therefore, it cannot be said that this type of roof has no application at all.
But still, it loses very significantly to such types of roofing as a gable roof, or a mansard.

green roof

At the green roof, natural soil and planted greenery are used as roofing, while plants grow on the same well-groomed

soil. The green roof has all the positive properties of flat roofs, but when created

eliminate its main drawback (difficulty with ventilation) with the help of a special ventilation gasket. This gasket not only limits the growth of plant roots, but also allows you to save the water necessary for the life of green spaces. In addition, which is also important, it also serves to aerate the root system of the green lawn.

It can also be considered a plus that a green roof is a very unique phenomenon for almost any area in our country. The popularity of flat roofs will undoubtedly grow from year to year along with the development of the latest technologies in this direction. If you have a desire to be the owner of a house with a "fashionable" roof, then create your dream with a beautiful comfortable flat green roof.

Types of roofing in terms of coating materials

Having decided on the type of roof - mansard, gable, and perhaps domed, it is necessary to select the appropriate materials that are best suited for each type. What are the roofs, and what material they are covered with - we will try to answer these questions in this section.

Common today are the five most applicable types of roofing in construction - rolled, from materials based on various mastics, typesetting (sheet), and membrane. Let's consider them in more detail.

Roll roofs

To make this type of roofing, special bituminous and polymeric materials are used, in which the base is cardboard, fiberglass. In the process of manufacturing such materials, special modifiers are added, which then give the entire material water resistance, heat resistance, and other useful properties. It can also be noted that these additives protect the material from cracks, which of course has a positive effect on their service life.

When installing such a roof, the roll is unwound and laid in several layers, usually from 3 to 4. But they are not just laid, but glued together with mastic or melted onto each other.

This type of roofing would be versatile, easy to install, very inexpensive, but it has some drawbacks. This material does not have a very attractive appearance, this material can be prone to decay. Therefore, often such roofing material is most often used to cover sheds or other utility rooms, which are usually made with a shed roof.

Membrane roofs

This type of roof covering has a very high resistance to punctures or various types of stretching. Membrane coatings are used for laying on roofs with slight slopes. You can cover the roof with this material quite quickly. And excellent protective properties will allow you to keep the roof in its original form for a long time.

Roofing from sheet roofing materials

This type of roofing includes more modern types, such as metal tiles, artificial slate, made of bitumen and corrugated cardboard sheets.

• Artificial slate can be found on many roofs, it is a sheet of asbestos cement, has a wave shape that can be painted in a variety of colors. The paint, of course, is very adorning, this type of coating, the material acquires a beautiful appearance. Good performance under temperature extremes can also speak in favor of this coating. And the service time is quite long and can be up to 40 years.
• Metal tile is a very popular material today, it can be observed on various types and shapes of roofs, whether it is a hip roof or a mansard. These are galvanized sheets that have a special decorating polymer coating and this coating reliably protects the roof from most types of adverse weather conditions.
• Bitumen-cardboard sheets - made from pressed cardboard, which is impregnated with bitumen. The thicker the outer layer, the longer this type of coating will last. Such sheets were also included in the "people" under the name "Euroslate". Its main advantages are ease of working with this material, fairly good elasticity. But in terms of service life, this material loses to the rest. Euroslate "lives" on average 30 years.

Roofs from piece roofing materials

The main and main representative of the piece material, you can safely call ceramic tiles. This material is still very popular, although it has already “knocked” several thousand years. Until now, it can be seen on all forms and types of roofs. The performance characteristics of this material are very high. Ceramic tile does not require constant maintenance, meets environmental characteristics, is a soundproof coating. And also has the ability not to accumulate static stress, as in other materials.

Well, the most important feature of this material is its unique durability. In one of the Western countries there is even an ancient castle, which is many hundreds of years old, and it still stands under a tiled roof, safe and sound.

They say that the disadvantage of ceramic tiles can be called high weight. But on the other hand, it is this quality that allows a roof with such a coating to successfully withstand heavy snow and wind.

To date, ceramic products are gradually being replaced by similar ones from concrete and various mixtures of cement and sand, which are included in the final product. Such analogues may be easier for laying work, but they significantly reduce the life of the material.

Let us briefly mention such a type of material as flexible tiles. It is made of fiberglass, and sometimes cellulose or asbestos cardboard is also used. The inner side is covered with a layer of self-adhesive rubber bitumen, and the front part consists of fine mineral chips. The weight of this cover is very small. And the most important advantage is that it can be easily quickly replaced without resorting to dismantling the entire coating.

Roof made of sandwich panels

It is impossible not to mention such material as sandwich panels. It arose with the recent rapid development of "rapid building" technology. They are made of 2 sheets of steel, as well as one layer of insulation. The panels have very good strength characteristics and, according to manufacturers, can even compete with other materials in terms of resistance to temperature changes, ranging from -50 to +50.

Such panels will look good on roofs of various types and types, but mainly they are used in the field of office construction of buildings, retail space, hangars. If desired, such panels can be safely painted in any color, which, of course, improves the aesthetic appearance of buildings made of this material.

Basically, such panels, due to their modularity, have proven themselves in the construction of sheds, utility rooms for household equipment, but you can also find houses made according to this sandwich panel fashion that came to us from the west.

With the help of sandwich panels, it is quite easy to build the roof of a building, while indoors it will be comfortable and warm in winter, and in summer there will be a pleasant coolness. The disadvantages of this material, perhaps, include only a relatively short service life, only 30 years.

When gathering and preparing for the construction of a roof, it is necessary to think through everything to the smallest detail, types and structures of the roof, design and high-quality protection, with or without an attic. And of course, it is necessary to decide on the choice of suitable materials so that the appearance of the roof pleases the soul and eyes!

So, it has long been known that each house can give much more information about its owner than he will tell about himself. The walls of the house, and especially its roof, will tell not only about prosperity, but also about the tastes of its owners. Keep this in mind when choosing a beautiful, comfortable, and most importantly, suitable roof for your future home.

The roof of the house is one of the key elements of its reliability, strength, thermoregulation and presentable appearance. There are various types of roofs of private houses, which differ in configuration, the type of roofing materials involved, and the complexity of construction. The roof is an important load-bearing structure of the house, designed to protect it from precipitation and external influences, so it must be strong, stable and durable. Yes, and aesthetic qualities play an important role, because a well-chosen configuration and design of the roof will set the tone for the entire building, becoming its hallmark.

Forms and types of roofs of private houses

At the design stage, you should choose the right roof structure, based on the shape of the house and its purpose. Roofs are divided into types that differ in the number of hips and slopes. The main types of roofs that are in modern construction:

Shed- simplicity of design and comparative cheapness of execution makes this type of roof popular. Used for outbuildings, warehouses and garages. Rarely - for a private house.

gable- the classic version of the roof, which consists of two parts. Gives you the opportunity to equip the attic.

flat- It is used mainly in the climatic zone, where a small amount of precipitation is provided. Otherwise, water will accumulate on the surface of the roof and flow into the house.

hip roof- It is also called a four-slope. Differs in a difficult design and high operational characteristics.

Half hip, the Danish roof can be gable (mansard) or four-pitched.

Shatrovaya- a kind of hip roofs for private houses, the design resembles a tent. Differs in simplicity of installation and high functionality.

Multi-forceps- consists of tongs, many valleys, gables and blocks. Provides a natural stack of rain and melt water.

dome or cone the roof is used mainly on round and multi-faceted buildings.

Roofs of complex combination- are installed in private houses on two floors, with extensions and utility rooms. Installation of such a roof is only possible for experienced specialists.

The choice in favor of a flat-shaped roof is very rare, because it accumulates snow too quickly, retains a stack of water, and is easily deformed if the load during installation was incorrectly calculated. This type of roofing is preferred in hot climates where rainfall is rare. It is also used to cover multi-storey buildings and industrial buildings.

Flat roofs are popular with high-tech houses.

The advantages of a flat roof include:

Its smaller area compared to pitched, so less roofing material goes to it.

Installation and service work on a flat roof can be carried out without problems.

A flat roof allows you to get an additional usable area that can be used as a terrace, a place for sports, arrange a winter garden, build a gazebo with a fireplace.

Installation of this design is quick, as well as repair.

In a mild climate, you can arrange a flat roof under the garden

Shed roofs

A pitched roof has a flat surface that slopes to one side. Very often it is arranged on walls of different heights. When installing this, it is very important to choose the right amount of slope so that part of the building is located towards the winds.

The simplest version of a pitched roof

Advantages of a shed roof:

Low cost compared to attic or domed;

The possibility of subsequent completion of the floors without grandiose dismantling;

Easy installation of chimneys and stacks;

A wide range of roofing materials;

High area utilization rate;

Possibility to mount a balcony and huge windows from ceiling to floor.

Also very popular for modern style homes

There are no special drawbacks to a shed roof, except for it

Not very presentable.

However, if you correctly design the structure, combine several slopes at different levels, then you get a completely attractive roof. The correct selection of material is also important - if you choose, for example, a metal tile, then you get a beautiful slope geometry, but the profiled sheet will turn the house into a barn.

gable roofs

The gable roof structure is most often used for a private house in our climate zone. The angled design prevents water and snow from accumulating. The angle of the pitched roof is determined based on the level of precipitation in the current region - the more precipitation, the greater the angle of the pitched roof.

Advantages of a gable roof:

Practicality and the ability to equip the attic;

No need to clean snow and water manually;

Ease of installation;

Wide design possibilities;

Most roofing materials are focused on a gable roof;

Good maintainability;

Low cost and speed of construction.

The disadvantages of a gable roof in a private house include:

A large number of roofing materials that will be needed for its construction.

If you plan to build an attic, then you need to take care of increasing the number of windows, which will complicate the construction of a gable roof.

hip roof

The hip roof consists of four planes, which are located at an angle. Such a roof is considered one of the varieties of a hipped roof.

Benefits of a hip roof:

It is not subject to deformation in places of eaves canopies;

original appearance;

Can withstand strong winds;

Possibility to equip an attic or attic;

Well protects the facade from precipitation, thanks to the installation of additional overhangs.

Photo of a house with a hip roof

The disadvantage of a hip roof is:

The complexity of its installation, the complexity of laying roofing materials;

Due to the slopes, the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe attic space is reduced.

Half hip roof

Half-hip roofs are also called Dutch. In our country, such designs are not used as often as in Europe.

3D sketch of a hipped roof

Advantages of semi-hip roofs:

Resistant to wind and even hurricane due to the streamlined shape;

Reliably protects the walls and gables of the house from snow and rain;

The ability to equip a residential or attic space under the roof;

Original and unusual design.

The disadvantages of a roof of this form include:

The difficulty of its installation, a large number of ribs and valleys;

A large number of necessary lumber;

Complicated roofing - builders have to install a lot of stops and struts.

hipped roofs

The tent-shaped roof is one of the varieties of pitched roof types. Consists of four equal slopes of a triangular shape.

Photo of a house with a hipped roof

This version of the roof wins over the gable roof, due to a higher level of functionality and decorative appeal. The mass of a hipped roof is less than that of a gable or mansard roof, so the load on buildings becomes less. The structure of the hipped roof is strong, thanks to the ribs that provide support. The disadvantages of this type of roof include the complexity and high cost of installation.

Multi-forceps

Multi-gable roofs for private houses are a rather complex structure, as they consist of many slopes, ribs, gables, valleys. Installation of such a roof is carried out only by masters with extensive experience in this field.

Multi-forceps option

Advantages of a multi-gable roof:

Attractive appearance;

Durability and strength of the structure;

Practicality;

The possibility of equipping an additional room under the roof.

What is a house without a roof? The most basic element of reliability, strength, thermal insulation and simply a stylish and attractive appearance.

Modern architects and builders have invented a huge variety of roofs for private houses, depending on the location of the dwelling, the volume of construction, the overall design of the building, and much more.

The main types of common roof layouts of each house

Today we can safely say that the most popular 2 types of roofs:

• flat;
• Pitched.

The difference between them is elementary, depending on the angle of inclination of the surface. With a slope of more than 10 degrees, we are talking about pitched planes, which, in turn, also have subspecies in terms of the number of slopes and purpose.

The main types of pitched roofs

Shed roof surfaces are used more in non-residential premises, in the arrangement of outbuildings, warehouses and shops, garages, etc. When constructing such a building, the structure of such a roof should be taken into account, which implies the support of the roofing material on the main beams of the building, while the walls are smooth guides . Here is an example of such a structure.

Most in demand in private construction. The model consists of two equal slopes, which are supported by load-bearing walls of the same height. Most often, such roofs resemble a triangle shape; they have been used in construction for many years and deserve worthy attention and respect.

When the roof surface has several triangular slopes, then we can talk about hip structure. It has a complex truss system, its design is most often trusted by professionals. Such roofs are more resistant to strong winds and leaks during heavy rainfall.

The design has 4 slopes, in appearance it resembles a trapezoid, and the corner shapes are small triangles and are called hips.

During natural disasters, such a surface often remains clean and unharmed, debris and dust are quickly blown off its slopes.

One of the types of roofs for private houses is tented, designed for square and polygonal buildings. All slopes are even triangles that converge at one point.

There is no ridge in the hipped roof, it is completely symmetrical.

Such planes are wind resistant and are an interesting design solution.

There is also a half-hip roof, as an intermediate option between hip and gable. Such roofs allow architects to place a full-fledged window on the back wall area, such a building is very interesting and difficult enough for a non-professional to work with.

Let's move on to another interesting structure -. This type has a complex truss system, so highly qualified specialists should be involved in its construction.

broken roof used to cover a mansard-type house. A special break in the angles of the slopes allows you to use the usable area of ​​​​the internal attic space.

Such a roof is not very different from the usual gable, and therefore there is no particular difficulty for its structure.

For those who wish to create another room in the attic, then this type of house roof should be looked after.

They are used in construction very rarely, such structures can be noted on ancient centuries-old buildings, the ancestors left us interesting architectural solutions that surprise with their amazing elements - verandas and turrets.

Less common in modern construction - it is based on one slope, with an almost invisible slope.

It is difficult for such roofs to withstand numerous precipitations, snow and rain, therefore, if they are made, they are reinforced with concrete slabs and metal structures.

We often see such types of roofs in American TV shows, when on the surface of the house you can get a wonderful greenhouse or create a corner for relaxation.

There are still quite complex shapes and designs. They include numerous types of rays, gable, hip, mansard, tent.

Such a building can have open and closed verandas, covered balconies, interesting window solutions, everything that attracts attention with its unusual and original design.

Attention: the more complex the roof structure, the stronger and more reliable it is. You should not save on the material for laying the surface of the house, the more expensive the product, the longer the roofing area will serve you.

Advantages and disadvantages of various types of roofs

If we talk about pitched roofs, which are quite common in building use, then it is worth noting the main advantages:

• This is a reliable and heavy-duty construction that protects the home from the effects of natural disasters;
• Serves for many years, depending on the choice of building material;
• It has an attractive appearance that will fit into any site design and whether the building itself;
• Under the roof, you can make an additional room, attic or attic.

Roof Disadvantages:

• High construction costs and high cost of materials;
• The complexity of the repair during operation.

But despite all this, such a roof will protect your family from the wind, heavy rains and heavy snowfalls, which cannot be said about flat structures.

Such a roof is practically not used in the process of building residential private houses.

The reason is that during precipitation, the roof is not able to withstand heavy snowdrifts and water flows. As a result, it sags and cracks.

Such a building is more useful for those who plan to make a terrace, pool or recreation room on top of the house.

Design features of roofs

1. Attic, divided from the main room:
   • cold;
   • Insulated.
2. Atticless, combined with the main room:
   • Ventilated by atmospheric air;
   • Non-ventilated.

To date, the shed design is rightfully considered the most popular and attractive in terms of material costs. Such roofs are most often installed on temporary buildings or country houses.

What is it that attracts modern consumers?

The main advantage is that a shed roof can only be ventilated. During the construction, the presence of special openings in the cranked walls is assumed, which provide air circulation in the under-roof space.

The ventilation process helps to remove moisture and condensate from the room; during the cold season, the roofing surface retains heat inside and does not allow the room to cool down.

But gable structures are most often created without a ventilated function.

In the winter season, snow does not fall sharply from a shed surface, it lingers due to the slope angle of -6-9 degrees. It is safe and comfortable, especially during the years of heavy rains and heavy snowfalls.

But the disadvantage is the fact that the snow cover has to be removed by hand, so as not to exceed the bearing capacity of the truss system.

A shed roof can be built with your own hands, with clear construction instructions and the necessary materials.

If we talk about a gable roof of a traditional shape, then the design of the truss system will look like this:

The simplicity and cost-effectiveness of the roof shape makes it popular and reliable. The facade of the building is of great importance; it is decorated with multi-colored metals or various-shaped bituminous tiles.

Thanks to the ability to adjust the cornice overhangs, each owner can make an extension or a veranda at any time without worrying about the integrity and strength of the roofing. In such cases, it is not necessary to make a separate roof and create architectural plans.

Warning: the greater the angle of inclination of the structure, the higher its windage. Therefore, in areas where strong gusts of wind are observed, it is necessary to carefully calculate the degree of inclination so that it does not collapse during sharp jumps in wind loads.

Advantages of gable roofs

1. Protective function, you are not afraid of storms or hail ...
2. The classic simple option for creating roofing.
3. The ability to create an exquisite architectural design, at the request of the owner.
4. The full height of the building and the construction of windows under the roof, in the attic.
5. This type of roof allows you to freely operate with the shape of the gables and the size of the overhangs of the cornices;
6. A wide selection of materials and their availability in every hardware store.
7. Reasonable prices for its construction.
8. Simple and economical design.
9. The possibility of building it with your own hands, without the involvement of experienced professionals, which cannot be said about multi-level and multi-cascade buildings.

In areas where strong winds are observed, preference is given to houses with a half-hip roof. It has small overhangs on the end sides, which are excellent protection during long natural disasters. Cut side slopes are shorter than the main ones. The attic of such a building is quite spacious, well ventilated and quite suitable for a living room.

The pediments of the house have special protection against any atmospheric precipitation.

Thanks to such a composition, such houses have a beautiful representative appearance, regardless of the location of the building.

The truss system of the structure is complex, it requires special mathematical calculations and the involvement of professional roofers for its creation.

In this case, it will not be possible to save on materials, but the walls of the house will be reliably protected for many years.

A broken gable roof is suitable for country cottages and holiday homes. Lateral breaks guarantee high internal ceilings of the building, but such a design will not always be powerful and durable. Due to a fracture in the slope, it is quite vulnerable and often cannot withstand the wind load.

When building this type of roof, it is necessary to correctly observe the basic proportions of its elements, which will help you not to spend money on preventive maintenance in the future.

The roofs of private houses are one of the fundamental elements of the entire structure. A spectacular, appropriately designed roof is the calling card of the house, a measure of the taste of the owners. An important supporting structure, it is designed to protect housing from the vagaries of the weather and maintain a comfortable temperature and humidity. Modern construction offers all kinds of roofs for a private house. All of them can become a reliable, stable and durable solution, provided that the loads on the structure are correctly calculated and the appropriate building materials are selected.

The roof as a calling card Source freepvpgame.com

The main types of roofs

The main division of roofs into types is made depending on the appearance, and even the naked eye of a non-professional can distinguish one type of roof from another.

flat

Modern fashion trends have made flat roofs a popular trend in private construction. Roofs of this type are soft, have a slope of up to 3 °. They can be a worthy option for many reasons:

• Due to the minimum area, significant savings are achieved on materials, construction and installation work and construction time. The same can be said about subsequent maintenance and repair.
• Such a roof is an additional multifunctional area. Here you can install an antenna, an air conditioning system or solar panels. The roof makes it possible to equip a sports ground, a place for comfortable rest and sunbathing, to break a flower garden.

The main disadvantage is the small slope angle. In areas with snowy winters, a large amount of snow can accumulate on such a roof, sufficient to damage the structure. With warming, there is a high probability of leaks, but this is mainly a feature of buildings, during the construction of which the construction technology was violated.

On a flat roof you can place a recreation area Source krovlyaikrysha.ru

pitched

Pitched roof - with sloped surfaces that allow the roof to self-clean naturally. The slope of the slopes is characterized by an angle to the horizon; it can vary from 5° to 70°.

Pitched roof types of roofs of private houses make it possible to use the attic space for household needs and as an attic. The design of a pitched roof depends both on the architecture of the building and the material for the finishing coating, and on the climate.

There are various pitched roofs of houses, varieties are grouped according to the shape and number of slopes:

• Shed. Such structures rest on walls of different heights. Simple, cheap and durable option.
• gable. They allow you to equip an attic or attic, they remove precipitation well. Practical and common.
• Four slope. The most durable and reliable. But the heavy weight of the roof requires strengthening the supporting structure.
• Tent, design. The most unusual and costly options.

hipped roof; ideal for a house in the form of a square or a regular polygon Source happymodern.ru

spherical

Interest in spherical structures is consistently high. In addition to the original appearance, they attract with additional advantages:

• Streamlined shape. Avoids direct wind pressure, which is a guarantee of strength and integrity.
• Tightness. Provided with roofing material (usually galvanized steel).
• Ease of maintenance. Snow and water do not accumulate on the surface.

Online roof calculator

To find out the approximate cost of various types of roofing, use the following calculator.:

Optimal slope angles for roofs

Professional builders know that the angles of inclination for roofs are selected based on the upcoming operating conditions. When determining the optimal angle of inclination of the roof, several factors are taken into account:

Natural (climatic) factors

A properly designed roof must withstand the wind and precipitation typical of the area.

• In areas with snowy winters, a large angle of inclination of the roof is set (45-60 °); so the snow melts smoothly, the likelihood of glaciation decreases.
• In order for the structure to survive in areas with strong winds, the slope angle is made minimal. To reduce windage, choose a range of 9-20 °.
• In the southern regions, where sunny weather prevails, the best option would be a flat roof, with a slope of 3-5 ° (for water to drain). Compared to other types of roofs, it will heat up less.
• The optimal slope angle is considered to be from 20 to 45 °.

Snow does not accumulate on a properly made roof. Source nagradi.me

Type of roofing material

The minimum slope angle of the slopes depends on the choice of roofing.

• Slate coating, tiles. Moisture will not accumulate and seep with a minimum roof slope of 22° (for tiles) and 30° for slate.
• Ruberoid, euroroofing material. The number of layers determines the value of the parameter. For a roof of 2 layers, a slope of 15 ° is required, for 3 - 5 ° is enough.
• Professional sheet. The minimum allowable roof pitch is 12°.
• Metal tile. The minimum roof pitch is limited to 14°.
• Ondulin. The minimum indicator is 6 °.
• Soft tiles. Mounted with a slope of 11°.
• Roof coverings of membrane type. Set the minimum slope within 3-5 °.

Video description

What should be the roof - in the video:

Frame structural differences - popular configurations

Despite the high interest in flat roofs, the leader in popularity is still pitched roofs, which, with some stretch, include hipped roofs. Therefore, when determining the optimal design, it is preferable to choose from the following options:

Shed

This design is an inclined plane, which is based on external load-bearing walls of different heights. It is supplied with outbuildings (garage, veranda, barn). Its advantages are ease of installation, cost-effectiveness and ease of repair. Disadvantages: the choice of such a roof excludes the construction of an attic; strong winds can tear even a well-fixed roof. But modern materials significantly increase both the beauty and the strength of the shed roofs of private houses - the photo below shows one of the solutions that allows you to make a two-story house with an attic.

Shed roof in a modern style Source houzz.es

gable

Classic variants of the roof of a private house, reliably protecting from bad weather in various climatic conditions. Such designs are easy to install and reliable in operation; for the roof, you can choose any material. The basis is made up of 2 slopes (slope), based on two walls of equal height.

Another name for a gable roof is a gable roof (a gable is a plane between the slopes).

Advantages:

• Self-cleaning from snow, little chance of leakage.
• Large selection of available materials in the manufacture.
• The possibility of arranging an attic space.

Flaws:

• Difficult installation due to the slope of the roof.
• A weak structural element is the valley (the inner corner at the junction of the slopes), which accounts for the maximum climatic impact.

Combined (multipliers)

Multi-forceps (valley) frameworks are among the most complex. The need for such a configuration arises if the layout of the building does not allow the use of a simpler design. The features of multi-forced forms are:

• Difficult installation of additional crossings, requiring professional knowledge and good weather.
• Additional costs of materials and time, a large amount of waste material.
• To eliminate problems with the appearance of condensate, high-quality steam and waterproofing is carried out, high-quality ventilation is equipped.

Hip and semi-hip

The hip roof consists of four surfaces (slopes). Two large slopes have the shape of an isosceles trapezoid, two lateral ones are triangular (hips). In half-hip roofs (they are also called Dutch), the hip takes on a truncated form, which is why overhangs with a small overhang and a smaller angle of inclination are formed at the ends of the building.

Such types of roofing for the roof of a private house are difficult to design and install (they require reinforcement of the truss system), but they are economical in terms of material consumption; they justify themselves in northern regions with strong winds.

On our website you can find contacts of construction companies that offer roof repair and design services. You can directly communicate with representatives by visiting the exhibition of houses "Low-Rise Country".

Tent

The roof consists of slopes in the form of isosceles triangles converging at one point. Such a construction, which involves the construction of an attic floor, is difficult to design; mitigating circumstance - a minimum of consumables. The aerodynamic shape of the roof helps to resist the winds.

A special class of roofs are round (dome) roofs, repeating the shape of a figure of rotation. Similar roofs can be seen on places of worship; they are installed in stadiums, swimming pools, industrial buildings, verandas and winter gardens, and increasingly in private construction.

vaulted (arched)

A vaulted (arched) roof can be designed over an attic room, a hall, a winter garden or an entrance. At the base is placed a supporting structure made of metal, concrete or wood. The coating is galvanized steel, shingles (shingles), glass, polycarbonate, transparent slate. Such a solution is practical and original; the coating is wind resistant, and the use of a transparent material saves energy.

Geodetic

A conventional domed roof is created on the basis of a curved frame.

Geodesic domed roof allows you to get a spherical structure without the use of rafters and vertical stops. The frame is assembled from triangular elements assembled from bars. Between themselves, the bars are connected by metal connectors; a connecting beam is mounted between the rows.

To design the structure, a 3D modeling computer program is required. Compared to a pitched roof, the consumption of materials is on average one third less.

Features of mansard roofs

For several centuries, since the invention in France, mansard roofs have been invariably popular. An attic is usually called an attic space adapted (or planned) for living.

Types of roofs of private houses with an attic please with variety. All kinds of types are suitable for arranging attics - gable, hip, hipped, domed. There is enough space in the attic attic to create a living room, a training room, a library or a winter garden. Since the attic room is located in the upper part of the building, it requires a special approach:

• Loss of heat from lower living spaces causes condensation to form on the inside of the roof. The design must provide for careful vapor and waterproofing, as well as ventilation.
• The attic room has no internal walls, it is in full contact with the external environment. Actual for the room is thermal insulation with mineral wool or polystyrene foam. For interior decoration, natural wood is best suited.

Cladding materials

The use of one or another type of material for roofing is primarily due to the climatic features of the region. Even the traditional "issue price" often gives in to common sense - no one has yet been able to save on the quality of the roof. The most popular materials are traditionally:

Tiling (metal, bitumen or ceramic)

• Metal shingles are a popular option, valued for their durability, low price, and ability to withstand impact, which is especially valuable when loading and transporting. The metal tile is lightweight (does not create pressure on the foundation), and is easily attached. The disadvantage is uneconomical installation (a significant percentage goes to waste) and poor sound insulation, which becomes noticeable in any rain.
• Bituminous (flexible) tile. This coating has high sound and heat insulation, but requires professional installation.
• Natural (ceramic) tiles. Time-tested material with the advantages of metal tiles, except for one. Significant weight requires a reinforced roof.

Tiles can be laid on the roof of any shape Source dnolchare.blogspot.com

Slate

Slate is the most affordable material containing up to 15% asbestos. This limits the scope of its application to buildings for economic purposes. Slate has great strength in bending and impact; it is non-flammable and easily processed (cut by a grinder). The disadvantages are fragility, high hygroscopicity (it can become covered with moss over time) and a health hazard.

glass roof

The glass roof (especially its spectacular version - panoramic) attracts with many advantages. In addition to the original appearance, this design perfectly protects from the weather and reduces energy bills. The main disadvantage is its cost, including the complexity of design and installation. In addition, in the summer the room turns into a greenhouse, and in order not to look sloppy, the glass roof needs regular cleaning.

"Green" roof

The growing attention to environmental issues has generated interest in the green roof. Modern technical solutions developed in the Scandinavian countries make it possible to realize the desire to communicate with nature more often.

Log cabin with eco-roof Source pinterest.com

During installation, layers of hydro- and thermal insulation are laid on the roof with a waterproof membrane that protects the roof from roots. Then a drainage layer is formed and, finally, a vegetation layer (soil) on which plants can be planted.

Eco-roof serves not only as a decorative element. It maintains a stable microclimate in the house, protects against noise and reduces the load on the sewer (by absorbing rainwater). At the same time, significant expenses for organization and time for subsequent care are inevitable.

Another green roof option Source pfpi-co.com

Beautiful and original roof projects: photo and video

Video description

See interesting types of roofs of private houses in the following video:

And more original varieties of roofs of houses in the photo:

Symbiosis of a flat and pitched roof of a high-tech house Source viendoraglass.com

An interesting design solution for a pitched roof Source remontbp.com

A window in the attic at one time was a difficult technical task Source superdom.ua

The absence of a ceiling visually enlarges the room Source music4good.ru

Conical and pitched roofs on the same house Source cosmictherap.com

The manufacture of such structures should be trusted exclusively to professionals. Source horodom.cx.ua

For such beauty to remain functional, careful calculations are required. Source roofcostestimator.com

The classic solution for a two-story house Source za.pinterest.com

In such a design, it is very important to correctly make the junction points of the roof of the first floor to the walls. Source houzz.com

Classic gable roof, but assembled on several levels. Source houzz.com

Four-pitched roof with an additional canopy over the terrace and a skylight Source casacom.pro

In such structures, it is necessary to carefully calculate the possibility of shrinkage of the building. Source pinterest.com

A large window in the attic provides good lighting in the room. Source houzbuzz.com

An original design that requires careful windage calculations Source pinterest.com

"Modified" classic gable roof Source dom-izhevsk.ru

What is interesting here is not so much the design as the material of the cladding. Source superfb.site

An example of arranging a flat roof as an outdoor recreation area Source michalschein.com

The ideal solution for a roof over the pool - if necessary, the area is completely closed Source rus-teplitsa.ru

Conclusion

Starting the construction of a private house, the owner wants to choose a roof that is not only aesthetically perfect, but also reliable, able to last for a long time. This choice is not always unambiguous, each option has pros and cons. To make the right decision, it is not enough just to know the types of roofs and their names - you should consider a set of issues, including design features and the general architecture of the building, climatic conditions and, of course, personal preferences.

Each of which can have its own type of construction, protection method and original design. Before deciding on the type of roof for your home, you need to understand the design characteristics.

The main selection criteria are:

• type of material;
• type and form of construction;
• roof slope.

Only with the right choice of these components is it possible to create a strong, durable and reliable coating that can withstand any weather conditions. Giving preference to one or another type of roofing, you need to focus on the climate in the area. So, a roof with a gentle slope in the area of ​​active precipitation in winter is not the best option. Otherwise, the constant accumulation of snow will subsequently only destroy the structure.

Roofs are classified according to the number and shape of slopes. There are single-pitched, gable and four-pitched roofs. Under the slope is meant the slope of the roof itself more than 10 °. There are also complex designs with combined slopes. Examples of these are hipped and multi-gable roofs. Less commonly, in the construction of a private house, you can find conical and domed types of roofing. Often, several forms are used in structures; this type of roof is combined.

We will analyze in detail each of the listed types of roofs of private houses, taking into account placement in certain climatic conditions.

Shed roof - the simplest design that does not require significant labor and cash costs.

A gable roof is the same inexpensive design that is often used for houses of a wide variety of shapes. Great for snowy areas.

Mansard roof - a type of gable roof, characterized by a broken profile, that is, when each slope has two levels - gentle and falling.

The hip roof is designed for high winds, this is an excellent option for houses with large areas.

Hip roof with a curved slope. It is quite difficult to make such a design, but outwardly it attracts attention very much.

Hip roof - one of the types of hip. Ideal for square houses. This type of roof consists of four identical triangles, connecting at the top like a tent.

A multi-gable roof is a complex design, suitable for rectangular and square houses.

Vaulted roof - in the form of a vault, more often used as an addition to the main roof.

Diamond roof - has the form of four rhombuses reduced to the center, suitable for buildings with a square-shaped base.

In modern times, the surface of roofs is increasingly being used to create magnificent landscape design.

On the practical side, mounting solar panels on the roofs of private houses as an alternative energy source is a great way to save energy.

Choosing a slope for the roof

By type of slope, the roof surface is divided into flat and pitched. The slope refers to the angle of the roof in relation to the horizon. Typically measured in degrees.

The arrangement of the roof slope is due to the need to remove various precipitation from its coating. If there is no slope, the roof leak is inevitable. And the appearance of such coatings is more suitable for buildings for household purposes.

When choosing the degree of slope of the roof, it must be borne in mind that the greatest load from snow precipitation on the roof is achieved when the angle of inclination is 30 degrees. Self-cleaning of the roof (snow rolls down on its own) occurs at 45 degrees of inclination.

In addition to precipitation, strong gusts of wind also affect the roof surface. Increasing the slope angle up to 30% increases the wind load by 5 times. But a small slope is also unacceptable, since in this case the wind, penetrating through the joints of the coating, can disrupt the structure. Therefore, it would be wise to entrust the choice of the slope and shape of the roof to experienced professionals who will take into account all the nuances.

Obviously, pitched roofs are much more expensive than flat roofs. But still, durability, strength and reliability are much more important than the initial costs. Therefore, the pitched roof remains the most popular among the coverings of private houses. As mentioned earlier, the slope of this type of roof is due to snow and wind loads. But besides this, aesthetic appearance is of no small importance.

Choice of building materials

The choice of roofing materials directly depends on the angle of inclination of the slopes.

Slate (wavy asbestos-cement sheet) - used when the roof slope is from 13-60 degrees.

Ceramic tiles - this type of coating provides for a roof slope of 30-60 degrees. With a slope of less than 30 degrees, the installation of ceramic tiles is allowed, but in this case it is necessary to additionally organize waterproofing and ventilation of the roof.

Metal tile is the most popular material in the construction of private houses. The main advantage of this roof is that the largest slope angle is not standardized, but the minimum is 15 degrees.

Decking - as the main material for roofs, it is used quite rarely, more often - for garages and outbuildings. Laying is carried out with a slope of the roof, starting from 10 degrees. The maximum angle is not standardized.

Bitumen shingles are a great option for roofs with arched original shapes. The angle of inclination should not be less than 12 degrees.

Bituminous slate - this type of roof is quite rare and with a slope of at least 5 degrees. The maximum limit is not standardized, however, the slope angle must be taken into account in order to calculate the crate. As a rule, a slope within the limits of 5-10 degrees provides for the arrangement of a continuous flooring.

Seam steel roof - used with an angular slope of 20 degrees.

A special group of roofing materials include a sheet of tempered glass and a double-glazed window. Basically, only part of the roof is made of them. More often it is a visor at the veranda, sometimes - a living room or kitchen. Undoubtedly, this design is incredibly beautiful. What is the aesthetic appearance of the ceiling indoors worth! But to afford such an architectural composition, you will need to allocate a considerable budget. Glass reliably withstands snowfalls and winds. As a rule, it is attached to a metal profile.

When choosing a roof covering, always take into account the climatic conditions in your area and remember - the denser the roof structure, the smaller the slope angle. This is the only way to ensure the durability and strength of the structure.

Aesthetic design

The color palette of roofing materials in the collections of modern manufacturers is very wide. With the help of color, you can highlight the roof with a bright contrast, thus highlighting it against the general background of the environment, or vice versa, create a harmonious tint ensemble, when the color of the roof will practically merge with the rest of the exterior elements.

All of the listed roofing options play not only a significant functional role in the structures of private houses, but can also serve as an excellent aesthetic addition to an impeccable exterior.