From this article you will learn:

• How to supply water to a house from a bar
• How to lay electrical wiring in a house from a bar
• How to conduct water and sewer into a house from a bar
• What can be heating in a house from a bar

Any modern building consists not only of the foundation, walls and roof. It should include a set of tools and solutions that ensure the durability of the house, the safety and comfort of living in it. A necessary element of each house are its communications. In this article, we will take a closer look at communications in a house made of timber.

Water supply in a log house

The plumbing in a house made of timber must be properly designed, otherwise leaks cannot be avoided. And it is much easier to prevent leaks and accidents than to eliminate their consequences. All connecting elements of water communications must be easily accessible. In winter, it is important not to let the water freeze throughout the entire length of the water supply.

As a source of clean water, it is rational to use a well dug to a depth of the aquifer of 15-20 m. The construction of a well will cost a little less than drilling a well of about the same depth, and it is easier to maintain a well than a well.

However, in terms of productivity (debit), the well is slightly inferior to the well. In a drought, there is a risk of its shallowing and even drying out. Shallow wells are also susceptible to drying out, although this does not happen as quickly.

Before choosing between a well and a well, it is worth asking how things are with the drying up of wells in hot weather in a given area and whether the existing capacity of the wells is enough for your needs. Depending on this, you can choose the type of communication.

If the water in the well is at or below 8 m, a submersible pump will be required. Semi-automatic submersible pumps are sensitive to drying out, therefore, to protect against "dry running" in case of shallowing of the well, a float must be used.

In case of insufficient pressure of water produced by a single-stage pump, it is advisable to replace this pump with a multi-stage one for the existing water level. Of course, it will be more expensive than the previous version.

Wells drilled to the aquifer of the sand lens are comparable in water quality to wells. Deep artesian wells, which take water from underground lakes on limestone horizons, are distinguished by the fact that special permission is required to drill these communications. Artesian water in the Moscow region lies at depths of 40-220 m. In a drought, artesian water never dries up, unlike water from a sandy lens, so it serves as a strategic reserve.

The pump for the well is selected according to its performance and power, depending on the depth and debit of the well, the required pressure for water supply to the house from the timber, as well as the estimated water consumption. In a well drilled to a sand lens, the pump must be equipped with protection against sand and against dry running. Pumps used in artesian wells do not need to be equipped with sand filters.

Plumbing communications in a house made of timber are laid at a depth below the average level of soil freezing. It is advisable to plan the entry point under the bathroom or kitchen. To prevent freezing, the entry point should be insulated.

In addition to the actual external water supply and pump, the water supply communication of the house from the timber includes: a hydropneumatic tank, a water heating system, a system of internal water pipes and, if necessary, a water treatment system. Let's take a closer look at each of these elements.

Water heating can be done in different ways. Usually, double-circuit boilers, gas heaters or electric heaters are used for this. Each of these systems can be manufactured in a flow or boiler version. Flow type heaters do not need a storage tank (boiler), while their performance is relatively low. They are well suited for small log houses with communications and two connection points - a bathroom and a kitchen.

Boiler systems in timber buildings are desirable to use if there are several water intake points. The volume of the boiler should be known in advance; for particularly large boilers, it may be necessary to allocate a separate room. Compared to boiler heaters, flow systems consume more power. This point should be taken into account when choosing a heating system.

Plumbing communications inside a house from a bar are usually mounted using metal-plastic pipes. Supplied in rolls, these pipes are quite easy to install.

For increased reliability and protection against freezing, it is recommended to use pipes made of cross-linked polyethylene. For example, such pipes are produced by Rehau and Wirsbo. Their distinctive property is the ability to restore shape after deformation. Accordingly, these pipes are most protected from freezing and can be laid in a concrete screed. To connect the pipes, press fittings with a high degree of reliability are used.

For the construction of open communications, rigid polypropylene pipes should be used that can expand when frozen and have an aesthetic appearance.

For pressure water pipes, large-diameter pipes made of food-grade PVC are used.

Sewer communications in a house made of timber

The sewer system of a house made of timber must ensure the collection, storage and transportation of waste and wastewater. In general, the sewage system consists of three parts:

1. internal sewerage, including a sewer riser, a ventilation pipe for equalizing pressure during the drain process and a fan pipe connecting the riser with ventilation;
2. external sewage, which is an external pipeline that transports wastewater to the tank;
3. a wastewater storage tank, which can be presented in the form of a cesspool, a septic tank or a biological treatment plant.

Let's consider each type of tank in more detail.

Cesspool

Cesspool- this is an ordinary tank that serves to accumulate wastewater and is periodically emptied by sewage equipment.

The tank must be placed in accordance with the requirements SanPiN 42-128-4690-88 "Sanitary rules for the maintenance of territories of populated areas" (clause 2.3) and SNiP 30-02-97* "Planning and development of territories of horticultural associations of citizens, buildings and structures" (section 8):

• the cesspool should be located at a distance of more than 5 m and not more than 10 m from a residential building;
• the cesspool should be more than 1 m from the border of the territory;
• the cesspool should have a depth of no more than 3 m and not lower than the groundwater level;
• the pit should be located more than 50 m from water wells and other water sources.

Cesspools can be sealed or with a filter bottom, depending on the volume of wastewater. In the case of a small daily volume (less than 0.5 cubic meters) or temporary residence in a house made of timber, as a rule, a pit with a filtering bottom is used. This type of communications can only be arranged on soils with good filtration and with a groundwater level deeper than 2.5 m from the surface. Only under these conditions pumping wastewater is not required.

In a household with permanent residence, it is more rational to equip a pit with a sealed bottom. Pumping out wastewater in this case will be necessary, given the high occupancy of the cesspool for year-round use. For calculation, an average of 0.5 cubic meters is taken. m per person.

When carrying out sewer communications, it is also necessary to take into account the depth of soil freezing. If it is not possible to lay the pipe at the required depth, the pipe is insulated. A cesspool constructed in accordance with all requirements and standards should not pollute groundwater.

septic tank

Septic tank called a container with one or more chambers for collecting sewage and their subsequent treatment. As a rule, there is a settling chamber and a drainage chamber. The specific type of septic tank is chosen depending on the number of residents and on the total volume of drains.

For the arrangement of external sewage, a trench is first dug under the outlet pipeline. The designed depth of the trench depends on the depth of soil freezing in this area. If laying communication at the designed level is not possible, the pipe must be insulated with mineral wool, penofol or expanded polystyrene. In order for wastewater to flow by gravity, during the construction of communications, it is necessary to ensure a slope of about 2-3% (or 2-3 cm per meter of pipe). For greater rigidity of the system, the bottom of the trench should be concreted. The pipeline laid in the trench is then connected at one end to the septic tank.

The work of a septic tank is based on the separation of sewage into fractions and on their purification. At the same time, thanks to the use of several filters, it is possible to purify water by 65-70%.

The first chamber (septic) separates wastewater into two fractions. The first fraction is heavy waste. They settle at the bottom of the septic chamber, are processed by bacteria and then decompose. In the process of processing, these wastes turn into thick sludge, water and methane.

Accordingly, the second fraction enters the second communications chamber - water with light impurities that did not settle at the previous stage. Here, this fraction is cleaned using filters and then enters the third chamber (secondary settling tank), where it settles again. From there, the settled water enters another settling tank, from which it is then pumped out by a pump into the surrounding soil. If necessary, water can go through an additional stage of purification by an infiltrator, distilling through it with a pump from the last settling tank. The infiltrator is a filter mixture of fine-grained sand and medium-grained gravel.

It should be noted that the sludge accumulating in the first chamber must be removed every 3 months. In addition, it is necessary to conduct an annual technical inspection of the septic tank, and after at least 10-12 years of operation, replace the aerator and compressor.

Consider the main types of septic tanks. The choice of a particular model will depend on the soil in the area, the method of cleaning and the material used to make the septic tank.

According to the material used, septic communications are divided into:

1. Reinforced concrete. They consist of reinforced concrete rings or are a solid reinforced concrete structure. The cleaning method is similar to that considered. Wastewater is first settled in the first compartment, then enters the second chamber with a drainage bottom. When constructing this septic tank, it is important to ensure the waterproofing of its walls.
2. Plastic. They are characterized by relatively low weight, tightness and lack of reaction when interacting with the external environment. Made from polyethylene, polypropylene and fiberglass.
3. Brick. The main material in the manufacture of communication is clay clinker brick, which is the most resistant to aggressive environmental influences and has the least moisture absorption. Advantages of the material: the ability to give the septic tank any shape, low price. Disadvantages: the need for additional waterproofing of the walls, the high cost of effort and time during the construction of a septic tank.
4. Metal. The main advantage of using metal is the ease of installation of a septic tank. A serious disadvantage is the susceptibility of the metal to the negative influence of the external environment. As a result, preliminary anti-corrosion treatment of surfaces and mandatory replacement of the container every 4-5 years of operation are required. A metal septic tank also needs to be insulated and waterproofed.

Biological treatment station (bioseptic)

This most recommended type of sewer communications is a system of deep biological wastewater treatment, the degree of purification in which reaches 90-95%. Purified water fully complies with the MPC standard, so it can be safely discharged into the environment.

The choice of a bioseptic is dictated by its inherent advantages and disadvantages:

• When purchasing a bioseptic tank, it will cost more than a standard septic tank. However, the cost of maintaining a bioseptic tank will be much less, since in the case of a septic tank, at least a regular call to a sewage truck, replacement of septic tank elements, etc. will be required.
• The operation of this type of communication requires compliance with certain rules of use. For example, water must be drained through a special mesh in a sink or bath to pre-filter contaminants that can clog the filter and airlift in the system.
• For dishwashers and washing machines, it is better to organize a separate drain. Chemical cleaning agents containing chlorine and discharged down the drain from these machines can kill the bacterial environment in a septic tank in large quantities. As a result, bioactivators (aerobic and anaerobic bacteria) may have to be replaced.
• Bioseptics are self-contained, have high performance and do not need frequent maintenance.

In principle, the operation of a biological treatment plant is similar to the operation of a conventional septic tank. Of the features, we can mention the use of aerobic and anaerobic bacteria, the use of biofilters and the presence of additional compartments - an aerotank and a metatank.

After arranging the outer part of the sewer communications, the installation of their inner part is carried out. Pipes are laid out with equipment of pipe turns with revisions in case of cleaning the system. When laying pipelines through walls from a bar, compensation gaps should be made in the holes, and when laying along walls, rigid fastening to them should be avoided and special fasteners should be used. All this is necessary in connection with the possible deformations of the walls of the timber.

Communications for heating in a house from a bar

Despite the excellent energy efficiency of wood, a log house needs heating if it is planned for year-round use. In ancient times, the Russian stove served as the only source of heat in wooden houses. The option is not the best, especially in multi-room houses. Today, the choice of ways to heat a house from a bar is much wider, and we will consider them.

• Choosing a heating system

The heating system in a house made of timber is turned on only after the completion of the shrinkage of the log house and the complete drying of the tree. It is impossible to heat a house from a bar immediately after construction - due to the temperature difference outside and inside the building, the bar will crack. But the choice and design of the heating system must be carried out already at the stage of building a house.

Heating communications in a house made of timber are selected and designed taking into account certain factors. First of all, you need to decide on the power of the boiler, which depends on the climatic conditions in the area, the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe house and the volume of heated air, the area of ​​​​door and window openings, the presence of heaters and other means of improving the energy efficiency of a house made of timber.

For houses made of timber, several options for heating systems are offered.

The simplest method of heating, which is used mainly in low-rise buildings, is water heating. The premises in this case are heated by hot water circulating through pipes and radiators. To accommodate the boiler, you can allocate a basement or a separate room. Today the market offers a large selection of heating boilers with a wide range of capacities and sizes, which makes it easy to find the right option.

Separately, it is worth highlighting such a type of water heating as "warm floor". This is a system of pipes laid inside the cement base under the finished surface. Communications laid in this way evenly heat the room, while allowing you to regulate a comfortable temperature.

A good way of heating is an air heating system. However, these communications are difficult to mount and almost impossible to dismantle afterwards. Space heating is carried out by air ducts, from where the heated air enters the heat exchanger.

Electric heating of a house from a bar can also be a good option. Despite the fact that this option is not economical, when using it, there is no need for gas boilers. In addition, electric heating communications are the safest and most reliable in operation. On the basis of electric heating, it is also possible to organize a “warm floor” system in which the heating element is a power cable laid in a concrete screed.

Together with the main heating system in a house made of timber, additional heating can be used using an infrared film “warm floor”. This option is mobile due to the fact that the graphite films can be placed under the floor covering or even on it (for example, under the carpet). The whole system can be easily moved to any part of the room. The peculiarity of the system is that it does not heat the air, but the objects in contact with it. Therefore, energy for heating is spent much more efficiently.

• The choice of heating equipment

If there are several options for heating systems, the choice of domestic consumers is most often made in favor of water heating. The necessary communications for this are very inexpensive, it is only important to correctly position the heating radiators and determine the source of heat. Each type of heating boiler has both pros and cons, so the question of choosing a boiler should be approached thoroughly.

1. Gas boilers are ideal for gasified log houses with communications. In Russia today, gas is supplied to almost every large dacha-type settlement, it is possible to arrange a connection at home and lay the corresponding communications without any problems. Gas is the cheapest fuel, and in the case of a centralized system, there is no need for gas cylinders. It is worth remembering that gas carried out in a house made of wooden beams, if safety precautions are not followed, can lead to sad consequences. Therefore, all equipment and communications should be kept in order to prevent leaks.
2. Boilers for solid fuels (coal, firewood) are used less frequently today than before. But if the log house is not gasified, this option may be the best solution. Additional space will be required for fuel storage. Periodically it is necessary to monitor the sufficient loading of fuel.
3. The easiest to operate are electric boilers. They take up little space, are easy to use, but require significant energy costs.

In addition to boilers, it is also necessary to correctly select the rest of the communications in the house from a bar, including pipes, heating radiators, and various connecting elements. Consider radiators, the choice of types of which is quite large. The most common sectional radiators are made of cast iron, aluminum, steel and bimetal.

The most traditional material is cast iron, which has a large weight and high thermal inertia. Cast iron batteries are reliable and durable, they can work for decades. Modern cast iron radiators are trying to develop in accordance with the requirements and expectations of customers.

Unlike cast iron, aluminum batteries are much lighter, but less reliable, because they are sensitive to pressure drops in the system.

The advantages of steel and aluminum appliances are skillfully combined in bimetallic radiators. The aluminum housing gives these batteries light weight and ease of use, and the steel pipes through which the coolant moves prevent corrosion of the radiator and increase its durability.

Due to the wide variety of options, the installation of a heating system is very complicated, therefore, in the process of designing communications, it is advisable to consult with experts about the advantages and disadvantages of each type of equipment. The help of specialists may also be needed directly during the installation of the heating system.

Electrician in a house made of timber

In modern log houses, electricity is mandatory. It is advisable to entrust the laying of all communications and their connection to specialists, since working with electrical appliances requires appropriate theoretical knowledge and practical experience. An electrician in a house made of timber, mounted by a non-professional, can further provoke a life-threatening situation. Conducting an electrical network to a house from a bar should also be carried out in accordance with fire safety rules.

Wiring Rules

Work on the installation of electrical communications is carried out after the preparation of the project, which should take into account:

• way to enter the electric cable into the house;
• method of connecting the cable to the switchboard;
• the choice of a suitable option for laying wiring in a house from a bar.

Electrical wiring is internal and external. Each species has its own characteristics.

Internal communications laid in a house from a bar should be placed in metal tubes to protect the house from fire. A cable should be laid in the same tube at the entrance from the street to the house. According to fire safety rules, hidden electrical wiring cannot be placed in plastic corrugated tubes.

Installation of external wiring is carried out using plastic cable channels. Since the wiring is always in sight, it is much easier to notice damage to it.

To correctly mount electrical communications in a house from a bar, you must follow some important rules:

1. The maximum load on the power grid is calculated in advance. First of all, you need to decide on powerful electrical appliances and the places for their installation in a house made of timber. The required number of RCDs will depend on their number. It is desirable that there is one protective device for each powerful device.
2. The placement of switches and sockets is thought out in such a way as to exclude increased load on any part of the circuit. Otherwise, the risk of overheating of the network and the operation of the machine will increase.
3. Inside the house from a bar, only a cable with a copper core can be laid. It is desirable that the cable winding be made of non-flammable and non-toxic materials. Fortunately, today there are various options for cable products that are suitable for any conditions and reduce the risk of fire.

The design of electrical communications in log houses is best coordinated with professionals. A margin should be included in the calculated power in case of an increase in the number of powerful consumers and in order to avoid an increased load on the power grid.

The main stages of electrical installation

Installation of the electrical network is carried out in several stages, during which even the slightest inaccuracies are unacceptable. Homeowners will have to solve a number of problems, which we will discuss below.

Work begins with laying a power cable from the street to the house. The external cable can be laid over the air or underground. The underground method of laying communications is much more laborious, but it allows you to protect the cable as much as possible. In this case, the laying takes place in a pre-dug trench with a sandy base. An armored cable should be laid underground, in the case of laying over the air, SIP (self-supporting wire) is used. The more lived in the cable, the more powerful the system and the higher its capabilities.

The cable laid in the trench is covered with a layer of sand and a layer of soil, then a signal tape is laid on top. In the process of possible earthworks in this area, it will warn of the inadmissibility of further digging.

The next step is to install a switchboard that serves to distribute electricity around the house from a bar. A street cable brought into the house is connected directly to the shield. In the shield, in turn, protective devices are mounted that emergency turn off the electricity in case of serious problems in the network. This is the best way to protect wiring from possible fire.

Then, from the shield, communications are wired around the house, including the placement of sockets and switches according to the plan. Sockets and switches should be located at a height convenient for residents in sufficient quantities, especially in the kitchen, living room, bathroom, and other rooms.

Without the help of specialists, laying electrical wiring can take a long time. Particular difficulties can be caused by chasing walls for the installation of hidden wiring. To avoid this time-consuming operation, many homeowners opt for an open option, sacrificing to some extent the aesthetic appearance of the walls.

A pre-drawn wiring diagram will help speed up and simplify the entire process of laying communications. At the same time, places for arranging large household appliances are also outlined, among which heating devices consume the most energy. Also, do not forget about the choice of fixtures, their location and installation.

In any case, independent installation of electrical communications is undesirable. The involved master will perform the work with high quality, in compliance with all requirements, and will also give valuable advice on the placement of sockets, switches and household appliances. In addition, as a rule, its work is covered by a guarantee that ensures the reliability of the installation and protection of the house from a bar from a fire.

Thank you for reading this article to the end

The Stroy Cottage Group of Companies has been offering services for the construction of stone and wooden houses for over 10 years.

Among our customers are the construction of individual private houses and cottage settlements that maintain a single architectural style from economy to premium class.

Reducing construction time, reducing costs and improving the quality of construction work are the basic principles of our company.

TO GET THE CONSULTATION

The possibilities of technological progress have saved a person from having to make a painful choice between an organized existence in a metropolis and a free life in nature. Today, you can create comfortable conditions anywhere, and country houses are equipped no worse (and often better) than urban housing.

Engineering communications of a country house include electricity, cold and hot water supply, heating and sewerage. Even if the house is located far from centralized networks, there is nothing fundamentally impossible in organizing a well-thought-out engineering infrastructure.

A modern house is unthinkable without well-functioning engineering networks Source aquakomfort-spb.ru

Overview of engineering systems

Often, the owners of a suburban area do not have the ability to connect to the main heating main and water supply. Then they face the need to organize their own, home life support systems. In a modern country cottage, all the main engineering systems are laid; if their design and installation is carried out without errors, the owners will not have problems during operation.

Water supply

Centralized water supply systems reliably and constantly provide a country house with clean water. The vast majority of private buildings are located far from such a convenient source of water. If the main systems are not available, the construction company will develop an autonomous water supply system. A country cottage can be provided with clean drinking water in two ways:

Individual well. A simple and fairly budgetary way of individual water supply. A well is dug if the depth of the aquifers is small (up to 30 m), a pump and a filter are installed.

Depth of the aquifer for different types of water supply Source zen.yandex.ru

Individual well. The type of water well depends on the mode of use of housing. If they live in the house periodically, a sand well (up to 40 m) will be optimal. The depth of an artesian well reaches 200 m; water from such an aquifer is enough for a small village. To drill an artesian well, you need a license.

A well-thought-out arrangement of water inlet to the house, wet rooms (kitchens, bathrooms, saunas) and wastewater outlet will help to avoid problems during operation. You should also take care of the quality of pipes and fittings; saving on these things is unacceptable.

A couple of decades ago, summer residents, in order to swim or wash, heated water with buckets. Modern hot water supply is much more practical. Hot water flows from a faucet and is heated by a boiler, electric or gas.

Drilling a well for water

Sewerage

If it is not possible to connect to a centralized sewerage system, the civilized way out will be to equip an autonomous system for the removal and treatment of wastewater. A practical way would be to install an individual septic tank, a facility capable of treating up to 20 m 3 of wastewater (depending on the model chosen) per day. The septic tank is placed taking into account the height of groundwater and sanitary requirements. The main technological options (we do not consider a cesspool as an obsolete option) are:

Arrangement of a concrete septic tank- a system of 1-3 wells that purifies wastewater to an acceptable quality. The output is industrial water suitable for irrigation.

Biological treatment station. An underground reservoir, most often made of plastic and consisting of 1-3 chambers. A more advanced and expensive option with a guarantee of long (up to 50 years) functioning and processing of a significant amount of wastewater. Purified water can also be used to irrigate the site.

One of the options for wastewater treatment Source agroeda.ru

Heating

No communications in a private house will be complete if it does not have its own heating. Autonomous heating is a popular engineering system, the features of which are:

Heat source. Heating is implemented in various ways, but the main element is always the heating boiler. It can run on diesel, gas, electric or solid fuel energy. Installing gas or electric heating in a wooden house requires increased fire safety measures.

Device. For heating in the premises, radiators are installed. Most often, aluminum, steel, cast iron and bimetallic radiators are used.

Alternative. You can heat the house by supplementing (or completely replacing) heating radiators with warm floors with a liquid coolant; they are most often mounted in the hallway, in bathrooms or bathrooms. The system is preferred to be installed in the kitchen if there is ceramic tiles on the floor. Experts advise to arrange underfloor heating if the house is being built not on a strip foundation, but on reinforced concrete slabs. For the installation of underfloor heating, metal-plastic or polyethylene pipes are used; after testing the system, a cement-sand screed is arranged.

Gas heating with a water circuit Source tgs.su

electrical work service

Manufacturability. Modern turnkey heating communications (including wood-fired boilers) operate in automatic or semi-automatic mode, which greatly simplifies management and saves money.

Variety of models. If the country cottage is small or used periodically, it is advisable to choose a compact wall-mounted model that is convenient to place in the kitchen. For a large house, a multi-circuit system is suitable, for which you will need to allocate a room equipped with ventilation and a chimney. It will be able not only to heat water for domestic needs and warm the air in the ventilation system, but also to heat floors and water in the pool. A powerful system is able to heat neighboring buildings.

Installation of electric underfloor heating under tiles Source pt.decoratex.biz

Power supply

Construction companies carry out the whole range of works on the design and installation of internal electrical networks:

Are calculated wiring parameters country house, taking into account the likely load (the number of electrical equipment and household appliances).

going to force shield, wires are laid, the electric cable is divorced.

Installed metering device electricity.

Mounted switches, lamps, sockets.

Mounted electric underfloor heating.

At the request of the customer, for safety net, a generator(from the usual diesel to exotic wind). Installation possible solar panels.

Outdoor LED lighting - part of the home electrical network Source pinterest.com

On our website you can find contacts of construction companies that offer the service of design and installation of sewerage and water supply. You can directly communicate with representatives by visiting the exhibition of houses "Low-Rise Country".

Ventilation system

An engineering system that is increasingly becoming necessary for a country house. Air circulation in a private house is organized in several ways: there is a natural, forced (using fans) and a mixed type. According to the principle of operation, there are supply, exhaust and supply and exhaust systems.

In modern country cottages, a forced supply and exhaust ventilation system is often implemented. Supply and exhaust ventilation is compact, economical and able to filter, heat or cool the air.

Gas supply

Natural gas, one of the most budgetary and affordable types of fuel, is used in everyday life in several ways. With its help, they heat the house and cook food, and recently they have also been used for design - gas fireplaces have become fashionable. The easiest way to gasify a house is to connect it to the central gas pipeline. An alternative option is to install an LPG storage tank.

Video description

About laying engineering communications of a private house in the following video:

Specialized companies carry out gasification of suburban housing all year round; turnkey works include:

project development gasification of the house, including the selection of a suitable boiler, pipes, meters;

budgeting;

obtaining permits;

gas tank installation and reducing valve, pipe laying to the house, testing and system start.

Scheme of autonomous gas supply of a private house Source jobresource.ru

Design of engineering systems of a country house: the nuances of preparation

Engineering systems and communications are a costly part of construction; their cost can reach 25-35% of the estimate. Such an expensive component requires special attention during selection and installation; otherwise, the cost of rework or repair will be too high. The best option for arranging engineering systems is to plan and design them simultaneously with the house and lay them in compliance with the construction stages. Before starting the design, consider the following factors:

Budget framework.

Features of home operation. Whether the owners want to live in the house permanently or periodically. It is also important how many people will live in the cottage, and what home appliances will be installed.

Features of laying networks. A country house often has two floors and an area larger than a city apartment. The load on engineering communications will be higher, and more powerful equipment will be required. If backbone networks are not available, an alternative (stand-alone) solution will have to be developed.

Video description

About designing communications of a country house in the following video:

After studying the conditions and wishes of the customer, the following is developed:

Preliminary design. Schematic diagram that includes the necessary systems.

Technical task. Includes a scheme of engineering networks, detailed drawings for laying communications, a preliminary estimate.

When developing the terms of reference, important details are taken into account:

Determined relative location of the house, outbuildings, a well (well) and a septic tank. This will help determine the length of external engineering systems, the method of laying them (open or closed) and winding into the premises.

Calculated water consumption. This is done based on data on the area of ​​the cottage, the number of residents, the method of heating.

Calculated power consumption at home (based on the calculation of the amount of consumption of household appliances and devices). Based on these data, electrical wiring and protective devices are selected, a place for mounting the switchboard is determined.

Method of supplying electricity. If the nearest pole is far away (more than 25 m), you will need to install an intermediate pole or run an underground cable.

Ventilation scheme of a country house Source tarifi.info

Cottage engineering communications: automation and reliability

A country house has long ceased to be a place for summer holidays. Many families live outside the city all year round, so perfect work is required from engineering systems. If electricity goes out for several hours in a city apartment in winter, it will look like an annoying nuisance that does not seriously affect anything. If this happens in a private house with autonomous communications, the plumbing, heating and sewerage systems may freeze, which can only be called a disaster.

A new generation of engineering communications in a private house has a high level of automation. They are able to work efficiently and reliably, coping with the increased demands and pressures of modern life:

House area. In most cases, it exceeds the area of ​​urban housing, which implies an increased engineering load.

Number of equipment. In country cottages, not only dishwashers, jacuzzis and home theaters are installed. Often the house is decorated with an indoor swimming pool or a wellness center, and a security and fire alarm system monitors the order.

Automation greatly simplifies the management of home systems Source proexpress.com.ua

Increasingly, the automation of suburban housing is carried out in a complex way (the "Smart House" system), with maximum control and computer control. The equipment of the system is not cheap, but in the future it allows you to save time and money, as well as reliably solve several problems:

Choose the optimal load with which the systems will work.

Develop a dynamic system with the possibility of flexible management and modernization. The owners will be able to set the operating mode for alarms and CCTV cameras. It's not hard to set up a schedule for lights, blinds, home appliances, a computer, or a music center to turn on and off.

Set up a disaster prevention system(cutting off gas or water) and danger alerts.

The video surveillance system will allow you to look after the house from a tablet or smartphone Source starsb.ru

Installation of utilities in a turnkey private house

Profile construction companies offer services for the design and installation of engineering communications. The cost of engineering communications can be estimated after studying the design of the house; an integrated approach allows you to take into account all the technological nuances:

Correct connection to existing infrastructures, taking into account their proximity and capacity.

Design of home engineering systems with an assessment of safety, reference to the terrain, proximity to the routes and seismicity of the area.

Design of external networks. A project is being developed for the water supply and sewerage network, the supply of electricity and gas, and the drainage system. The type of heating, the design of the boiler room, external lighting, drainage system, communication are being considered.

Design of internal networks. The piping, electrical network, ventilation and air conditioning, filtration and purification systems are being thought out. At the request of the owners, a fire alarm and security system are added.

Coordination. All projects are drawn up taking into account fire and sanitary standards and are checked for compliance with the rules of SNiP and GOST.

Video description

About the decisive factors when choosing communications for one house in the following video:

Turnkey engineering communications: work sequence

The company's specialists develop engineering communications based on the task and budget determined by the customer; The work goes through several stages:

Consultation. Studying the project of the house (may require a site visit) and drawing up a technical assignment. The customer is informed about the advantages and disadvantages of various communication options; an agreement is made.

Design. The design engineer calculates the parameters of communications, selects materials and equipment. The customer is provided with a step-by-step estimate.

Training. Materials and equipment are assembled and delivered to the construction site. If the owner wants to replace the old system, the contract includes a clause on the dismantling of old communications.

Mounting. The work is carried out by professional specialized installers. Each project is assigned a foreman who is responsible for the timing and quality of installation of equipment and communications.

Installing a fire safety sensor Source stroydortex.ru

Commissioning works. Ready engineering communications are tested, a trial run is carried out. Owners receive instructions for use. Payment is made after the work is completed.

Service maintenance. The company provides an official guarantee and the possibility of servicing during the warranty and post-warranty period.

The cost of engineering communications in a private house

A strong desire to save on utilities can one day paralyze life in the house, test not only comfort, but also the safety of family members. Such savings often turn into a disaster and inevitably lead to new (and very tangible) costs. The cost of laying networks depends on several components:

features of a country house;

the quality of the selected materials;

experience of specialists.

Solar panels could become part of the electricity supply Source nearsay.com

For a country cottage (150-200 m 2), the arrangement of the installation of engineering communications, Moscow has the following prices:

Sewerage: 60-70 thousand rubles

Water pipes: 100-110 thousand rubles

Heating: 350-400 thousand rubles

Power supply: 150-170 thousand rubles

Depending on the equipment and materials, communications in a turnkey private house will be invested in the price (water supply, heating and sewerage):

Economy: from 2-2.5 thousand rubles / m 2.

Business: from 3-3.5 thousand rubles / m 2.

Premium: from 4.5-5 thousand rubles / m 2.

Electric installation work:

Economy: from 1-1.5 thousand rubles / m 2.

Business: from 1.5-1.8 thousand rubles / m 2.

Premium: from 2-2.5 thousand rubles / m 2.

Sophisticated engineering communications will make life truly comfortable Source pinterest.com

Conclusion

The best solution for the owner of a country cottage would be to order all design and installation work in one construction company. This will save money and eliminate the need to find a contractor for each engineering system and subsequent control and coordination of work. A complex order of such complex projects guarantees high-quality execution and reliable functioning of all life support systems in your home. September 28, 2015

Each of us is used to living in comfort and coziness. Having decided to build a country house from timber, we also pay great attention to communication systems, without which a modern house cannot be imagined. These include heating systems, sewerage, water supply, and electricity. But how to properly organize and design everything in order to avoid all sorts of problems in the future? This is a complex issue that we will try to understand.

Of course, the easiest method is to order a turnkey house with communications. In this case, all problems disappear. All you have to do is pay the money and accept the job. Specialized firms are independently engaged in the design and installation of communication systems. By the way, this option quite often turns out to be a better offer than to independently conduct communications in the house.

If you decide to install communication systems yourself or with the help of teams of competent builders, then you should pay special attention to the power supply and wiring around the house. After all, in a wooden house in the future it will be quite difficult to redo anything.

Power supply communication pays the most attention to itself. All safety measures must be taken into account. If the wiring will go over the beam, then it is necessary to hide the wires in corrugated pipes. Plastic boxes are also quite often used. If the wiring is hidden, then it is necessary to drill holes in the timber and lay metal pipes and sleeves. Plastic or corrugated tubes are not suitable. After all, a wooden house will definitely shrink, but the corrugation will not save you from breaking the wire.

Very rarely, but there is central heating in cottage settlements. In this case, heating communications under the house will be located. But the best option for heating in a house made of timber would be a gas boiler. If the area is not large, you can install a double-circuit boiler, which is mounted on the wall and does not require significant investments in the project. In general, any communications in the house should have an optimal design and a minimum of implementation costs. So well-thought-out heating should not contain a large number of pipes.

As for the water supply, it is better to install such communication systems as central ones. As a rule, the central water supply is high-quality water from artesian wells. Of course, you can drill your own well or dig a well. However, the quality of the water will be significantly lower. For the installation of a water supply system, it is best to use modern polypropylene pipes, which have an impressive resource and do not require further maintenance. It is worth making sure that all soldering points do not leak, and incoming taps are in an accessible place.

Any communications under the house, including sewerage, must take into account the shrinkage of a wooden house. When fastening the risers, it is necessary to take into account the vertical sliding of the pipes. Only in this case, you can guarantee the continued use of the house and a comfortable stay in it. In most cases, sewerage in the private sector or a country house made of timber is autonomous. There is a simple option of two wells. The first is a septic tank, and the second is a well that absorbs water. But this sewage option is relevant only for areas with suitable soil. If the site has clay soil, then it is best to use a septic tank or special cleaning systems that work on bacteria. The latter are gaining more and more popularity in recent years. Such modern systems, although it requires a significant initial investment, but in the next 5 years there is no need to look into it.

It is also worth noting that such communications under the house as water supply and sewerage often freeze under the foundation. Therefore, it is worth taking care of competent pipe insulation so that there are no problems in winter.

Remember that a wooden house requires a competent design and installation of all systems. Any communications in a house made of timber after completion of construction will be almost impossible to change. Therefore, it is worth paying attention to even the smallest details before starting the installation of communication systems.

The choice of material for the construction of a future home is a serious and responsible task. It should be decided before the start of design. The correct calculation of the foundation depends on this, and the laying of the necessary communications has its own distinctive features. In Europe, North America and Japan, the percentage of private houses built using wood is very high. Thanks to:

• high ecological cleanliness;
• long service life;
• reliability and strength;
• low cost;
• simplicity and minimal installation time.

The demand for them is increasing every year in our country.

Paying tribute to traditions (in Russia, wood was the main building material), more and more people decide to enjoy the comfort of home in a log house, take a steam bath in a real “village” bath or relax from the summer heat on a dacha veranda built of timber.

Varieties of wooden houses

The possibilities of the manufacturing industry make it possible to use the following types of materials for the construction of houses:

• a simple log (round timber) - inexpensive, but laborious during installation;
• rounded log - looks more aesthetically pleasing;
• lumber and glued lumber - are distinguished by the simplicity and high quality of the structure erected from them.

Conditions for laying communications in a wooden house

The scheme of engineering communications of a wooden house is being developed along with the project. It defines the procedure and preparation of the necessary channels during the installation of the building. The future shrinkage of the house is necessarily taken into account. It is considered the best option - to start laying along with finishing work and insulation.

electrical wiring

Electricity in a wooden house is laid in two ways:

1. open - the wire is laid in a plastic box, switches and sockets are used overhead;
2. hidden - channels are drilled in a log or beam and steel tubes are installed through which the cable passes.

In either case, a cable with flame-retardant insulation must be used. Transitions are made through pipes, which will help to avoid chafing when the building shrinks.

Heating system

For the assembly of heating, metal-plastic pipes are best suited. Their installation does not require welding, they are not subject to corrosion. The most popular way is autonomous liquid heating. The choice of a suitable boiler (gas, solid, liquid or mixed fuel) depends on the capabilities of the infrastructure and geographical location.

Water supply

Installation of a hot and cold water supply system in a wooden house is carried out using polypropylene pipes. To reduce heat loss and the formation of condensate, they must be covered with heat-insulating material. To supply hot water, a double-circuit boiler or an autonomous electric water heater is best suited. Cold water is supplied from its own well or is connected to the central water supply.

sewerage system

Given the possibility of shrinkage of a wooden house, sewer pipes are laid with the possibility of their vertical sliding. The pipe material should be as plastic as possible, polypropylene is considered the most suitable.

The drain is connected to the central sewerage system or is carried out in a specially prepared "drain hole". With this method, after treatment with a septic tank, the liquid can be used for irrigation.

Comfortable living largely depends on the quality of the engineering communications systems. In a wooden house, their laying, as well as maintenance, requires a professional approach and the high quality of the materials used.

No modern building can do without engineering communications.

Water, electricity, sewerage - all this is a mandatory attribute of a residential building. At the same time, communications are laid in different ways, depending on the pros and cons of the design of the house and the materials used in its construction.

Equipment with engineering systems usually depends on the purpose of using the building. If ordinary country houses are being built, telecommunication lines are sufficient for them, but if the building is to be used for permanent residence, the approach should be completely different.

Wiring requirements

According to the construction technology and standard requirements for equipping wooden buildings, the wiring must be open, and fireproof enclosures and gaskets must be installed at all main nodes of the electrical network. Naturally, in modern conditions, open wiring in wooden housing will not look good - according to the norms, it is allowed and hidden, but only when laid in special metal sleeves, with reliable wire insulation (usually double insulation in such cases).

The norms are also valid for the construction of additional buildings, especially if they have excess moisture. For example, a modern bath from a bar is, at a minimum, electric lighting. To prevent a short circuit and fire, protection against moisture must be 100 percent. You should not save on the protection of electrical wiring, because safety depends on it.

Water communications

For sewerage, heating and water supply, the requirements differ to a lesser extent from those for houses made of other materials. All projects of country houses made of wood contain indications that increased attention should be paid to the reliability and tightness of plumbing systems - water leaks here are more dangerous than in the case of houses made of brick or other traditional materials.

For the formation of the heating system, it is recommended to choose pipes made of metal-plastic - they provide complete tightness, are easily bent, they are not difficult to install. If a site without central heating is selected - that is, an autonomous system - a gas boiler can be used to heat water (subject to all safety requirements for its operation and the quality of the gas pipeline system).

Similar requirements apply to hot water supply. A private housing project or an attic bath project usually provides that the pipes must be made of copper or polypropylene. Heat loss and excessive condensation are prevented by an additional thermal insulation cover.