Unlike residents of apartments, the owners of private houses face many tasks in organizing the efficient operation of water supply, electricity and. Modern manufacturers offer more and more simple and profitable technologies and ways to provide a private house or cottage with heat. One such know-how was electric heating. In this article, we will tell you how to organize electricity heating at home cheaply.

It is believed that the most profitable type, in terms of price, is a gas boiler and metal radiators. Unfortunately, not all homeowners have access to this method. The territory of our country is not completely gasified, ecologically clean areas are especially far from the network gas.

Pros and cons

Just for those houses near which there are no gas mains, electric heating will be a competent and profitable solution. Such an alternative home heating has obvious advantages:

• + no need to burn anything to get heat
• + no need to regularly replenish fuel supplies
• + no need to carry anything heavy and lay it in the firebox
• + fuel itself flows through the wires

The electric heating system of a private house also has disadvantages:

• - significant power consumption
• - constant growth of housing and communal services tariffs
• - the risk of power outage without warning
• – the need to purchase an autonomous generator in case of an emergency shutdown of the system

At the stage of designing a house, it is worthwhile, together with specialists, to develop such an effective system that will make heating a country house with electricity economical, efficient and safe. Low price sometimes becomes the main factor when choosing the type of home heating. Thanks to new technologies, despite the increase in energy tariffs, electric heaters are becoming more efficient.

What is the best electric heating?

The concept of electric heating includes a large class of technical means and methods.

To date, the home heating system can be of two types:

1. With direct heat dissipation
2. With intermediate coolant

First option provides for the use for heating of such devices as: an electric convector, a spiral, infrared or quartz heater, a thermal electric fan. Such household appliances, for all their convenience and ease of use, have a significant drawback - a very high consumption of electricity.

This does not include the underfloor heating system, which should be discussed separately. It will really help to create a comfortable temperature in the house or in the country at no extra cost.

Second option- this is a system in the "heart" of which an electric heating boiler is installed. It heats the coolant to the required temperature and distributes heat through the pipes. Any construction forum will help you find real reviews about the use of such heating systems.

If we consider in comparison a solid fuel, liquid fuel or pellet boiler against an electric one, then the latter wins significantly. The main "trump card" of the latter is a high efficiency. Due to the installation of automatic temperature controllers on batteries, the economic effect becomes even higher. In addition, well-organized electric heating of a private house is durable, easy to use daily and quiet. Very attractive is the fact that the organization of electric heating does not require any permits for installation.

IMPORTANT: You can make the use of electricity for heating cheaper by installing a two-tariff meter. So the cost per 1 kWh at night will be much lower.

Seven ways to organize inexpensive heating of a private house with electricity

Electric convector

The principle of operation of convectors is to circulate air through the heating elements. According to the laws of physics, warmer air rises and mixes with colder air. So the heating of the room occurs evenly.

The advantages of such devices are in the heating rate and efficiency of 80%, compact size with high power. In addition, a variety of operating modes and a built-in thermostat allow efficient use of electricity only when the ambient temperature drops.

Separately, it is worth highlighting the mobility that a convector heater has. By moving it to the coldest areas of the room, you can quickly and evenly heat the entire space.

Bold plus in the piggy bank convectors- permission to use in damp rooms. Water protection allows you to install such an electrical appliance even in the bathroom or toilet.

Like any household appliances, in addition to significant advantages, convector heating also has disadvantages: the inclusion of all appliances in the network immediately entails an excess of the permitted power.

IMPORTANT: When installing a relay that regulates the sequential start of heaters, the possibility of exceeding the permitted power is eliminated. Such a solution will maintain a comfortable temperature in a private house and reduce costs.

Tubular electric heater

The principle of operation of the system is to transfer heat from the heater to the liquid heat carrier in pipes. Traditionally, the coolant is water, oil or antifreeze. In simple words, it is a device that works by analogy with an electric kettle or boiler. A heating element immersed in a liquid. When used to organize economical electric heating of a private house, such devices show high efficiency and minimal heat loss.

Often tubular electric heaters are called oil coolers or heaters. In times of scarcity, such devices were even made by hand. Photos and videos of homemade radiators can be found on construction forums.

The main advantages of tubular heaters are their reliability. They are not explosive and are not afraid of external influences such as vibration and shock. In addition, their design is so diverse that it allows you to harmoniously fit the device into any interior.

Tubular electric batteries have one significant drawback - a high price. The point is the high cost of the metal from which the heating elements are made.

Electric floor heating

A modern way to heat large areas without the use of radiators. The easiest to install underfloor heating comes in the form of ready-made heating mats, which must be distributed over the surface, connected and hidden under a layer of screed. The warm floor has a big plus - due to the fact that the heat in the room is distributed evenly, the number of dust particles in the space of the house decreases.

Electric boiler with heating element

The growing popularity of such boilers lies in their high reliability, safety and relatively low price, especially in comparison with induction or electrode boilers. However, such a heating system cannot be called: “The best electric heating” and it cannot be called cheap either. Boilers of this type use thermoelectric heaters - not the most economical devices in terms of power consumption.

IMPORTANT: Before installing a boiler with a heating element, check with the power grid company for the maximum possible load on the wiring in your home.

Induction electric boiler

A two-winding transformer is hidden inside the device. The eddy currents that arise in it move behind a short-circuited coil, which is the body of the induction boiler. At this moment, the secondary winding receives a certain amount of energy and converts it into heat, which heats up the liquid coolant.

Boilers with induction are distinguished by 100% efficiency, resistance to voltage drops, rapid space heating and durability. They simply do not contain parts that can break!

Electrode heating boilers

The principle of operation of heating devices of this type is as follows: the role of heating elements in it is performed by electrodes. They are immersed in a liquid coolant. During the passage of electric current through the electrodes, heat is released. Thus, scale does not form inside the boiler, which greatly simplifies its use in everyday life.

In addition to the absence of scale, the electrode boiler lasts much longer than a tubular heater and has a compact size that is suitable for use in a small area dwelling.

Uninterrupted operation of the device is possible only when the correct liquid is poured into the electric boiler. If it is water - then after multi-stage filtration, if antifreeze - then only the brand of the same name with the boiler.

Infrared heater

The principle of its operation is based on the fact that not the heating element, not the coolant, but the surrounding objects are heated. From heated objects, the air in the room also warms up. In simple words, an infrared heater works like a microwave oven.

Such heaters are rightfully considered one of the most budgetary. Particularly popular are heaters made in the form of panels. The panel can be installed on the wall or on the ceiling both in a private house and in non-residential premises.

Due to the increased heating area, a private or country house heats up many times faster than when using other heaters.

IMPORTANT: Infrared panels can be combined with an electrode boiler. For example, use infrared heating during the period when the heating season has not yet begun or has already ended, and it suddenly got colder outside.

Today, there is a wide range of options to achieve the necessary comfort inside a residential building using electric heating.

Manufacturers offer a wide range of different devices for organizing home heating with electricity. To get a warm house and save money is real, you just need to create a single reliable system in which elements for heating and possible heat losses will be rationally taken into account.

You are the owner of a country house where the main gas is not connected, and the electrical networks are not designed for a large load, hence the allocated limit of 5 kW for all needs. Another variation on the theme: you are a rural resident of Ukraine, where the cost of blue fuel has jumped to UAH 7.2. (0.3 c.u.) per 1 m³, so you cannot use it because of low income. There are other, more complex situations.

In this situation, you are faced with the task of providing heating for a private house without gas and electricity, preferably economical. Let's define alternative heating methods and analyze all the nuances associated with their implementation.

Heating options without the use of electricity and gas

To list all the ways to heat a country house or cottage, we will assume that electricity is still supplied there. The supplier enterprise has set a small power consumption limit (3-5 kW), which does not allow turning electricity into a heat source, but makes it possible to connect heating equipment. In a detailed study of each option, we will highlight those that do not require the use of the mains.

Houses located on the outskirts are often not supplied with gas

So, if there is no gas and electricity (sufficient power), then heating for the house can be arranged in the following ways:

1. Install a stove or solid fuel boiler connected to a water heating system. Use wood, coal, fuel briquettes or pellets as an energy carrier.
2. Arrange autonomous heating with liquefied propane from a ramp with cylinders or a gas tank. The source of heat will be a conventional gas boiler or convectors that heat the premises with warm air.
3. Use diesel fuel and waste oil for heat generation by installing appropriate equipment.
4. Draw energy from renewable natural sources, using solar collectors and a heat pump for alternative heating of a country house.

Note. Unfortunately, almost all of these methods become useless when you need to decide how to heat an apartment. We will have to do without liquefied gas and firewood, and there can be no talk of liquid fuel. There is only one way out - economical heating with electricity using infrared heaters or an air-to-air heat pump (in the southern regions, an inverter air conditioner will do).

Options for heating equipment for an apartment

Let's single out heat sources that do not require connection to the house electrical network for operation:

• wood stoves, metal and brick, fireplaces;
• solid fuel boilers equipped with a mechanical draft regulator and working in conjunction with a gravitational (gravity-flowing) heating system;
• non-volatile floor standing boilers capable of operating on liquefied gas and connected to a gravity water system with radiators.

Other methods require electricity, albeit in small quantities. If you do not take into account various home-made devices, then for burning diesel fuel you need a burner with a pump and a fan powered by the mains. The same is the case with all heat pumps and TT boilers with forced air supply, including pellet boilers. Now let's take a closer look at ways to heat a country house or cottage, if there is no gas and the supply of electricity is limited.

Combustion of solid fuel

One of the most common methods to organize home heating without gas is the use of coal, firewood and briquettes pressed from various biomass wastes (sawdust, straw, sunflower husks, needles, and so on). To burn them and get the required amount of heat, various furnaces and boilers are used. The former are designed for direct heating of indoor air, the latter work with water systems - radiators or underfloor heating.

The easiest option is to put a nice metal stove

Amendment. In a room where a wood or coal stove is located, heat is distributed not only by convection from heating the air, but also by infrared radiation emitted by its heated walls.

There are three types of heating stoves: steel, cast iron and brick. The positive nuances of their operation are as follows:

1. It is cheaper and easier to arrange heating of the house with a steel or cast-iron stove. For its installation and launch, it is not necessary to invite masters, everything can be done by hand.
2. A stationary brick oven is capable of heating several rooms, accumulating a large amount of heat in the thickness of the walls.
3. Any of these heat sources can be adapted for cooking, drying clothes and shoes.
4. The device of many stoves provides for a water circuit built into the furnace in the form of a tank or a coil connected to several radiators located in neighboring rooms. There is a point here: for the movement of the coolant, it is necessary to lay pipes of increased diameter with observance of the slope (gravity system) or install a circulation pump.
5. Wood and coal are the cheapest fuels of all energy sources, so heating costs are affordable for most homeowners.
6. Furnaces do not need electricity at all.

Brick stove gives a pleasant healthy warmth, but it is not easy to build

Note. A heat source such as a wood-burning fireplace cannot be ruled out. True, it is enough to heat only one room in which it is located.

There were also negative points:

• stove heating of a private house without gas is the chopping and carrying of firewood, their loading and daily cleaning of ash;
• the heater requires a chimney with good natural draft;
• metal stoves are unable to heat large country cottages, their power is only enough for a country house or 1-2 rooms;
• the construction of a brick oven is not a cheap pleasure, and a place for it must be provided at the design and construction stage of the building.

It should be borne in mind that a brick oven is being built on a foundation

Heating a stone or wooden house through a water system with a solid fuel boiler is more economical, since the efficiency of these units is higher (75% versus a maximum of 60% for stoves). Due to this, the duration of burning from one bookmark of fuel is increased, plus the issue of complete heating of the building with spaced heating devices has been resolved. This gives rise to the possibility of heating large areas of the house in the absence of gas and regulating the intensity of heating of the premises.

TT-boiler with mechanical draft regulator in operation

Otherwise, TT-boilers inherit the features of the furnaces. They also need a chimney, periodic cleaning and loading of new portions of firewood and coal. If we compare the cost, then the installation of a solid fuel boiler along with the system takes a middle position between buying a metal stove and building a brick one.

An important point. A water heating unit that runs on wood or briquettes can be installed in any habitable house. With a lack of space, an extension is made to the building, where heating equipment is installed.

Separately, it is worth mentioning automatic pellet boilers, which greatly simplify the life of the homeowner, since they must be cleaned and fuel added once a week. Another thing is the price of equipment and fuel, and also the increased consumption of electricity. In addition to automation, the following electrical installations are involved in such heat generators:

• feed screw motor;
• fan motor - supercharger either;
• heating element used for automatic ignition of pellets.

An automatic pellet or coal boiler is a great choice, but it also needs electricity

The listed elements are installed in a pellet burner and consume a total of about 500 W from the mains, which is essential for a private house without gas and with a limited limit on the use of electricity. On the other hand, pellet boilers are more efficient and economical than conventional ones (efficiency - 80% versus 75%), and their operation is more comfortable and safe (automatics will not allow the unit to boil). The question lies in the financial capabilities of the homeowner and the amount of the allocated electric power limit.

Heating with liquefied gas

Let us make a reservation right away that in the absence of main gas and electricity, it is not profitable to use this fuel in all countries of the former USSR. If Russian prices for liquefied propane still allow them to heat houses, then in Ukraine this method is practically not used anywhere, because the fuel is too expensive. You can see the exact layout of the cost of heating with different energy carriers in.

To work on propane, any gas heat generator is suitable, only the wall-mounted one will have to be connected to the mains

To burn a propane-butane mixture, you will need a conventional gas boiler, preferably a non-volatile floor-standing one, so as not to connect electricity to it. Accordingly, the heating system is water gravitational with an open-type expansion tank. Gas is supplied to the boiler in two ways - from a ramp with cylinders or a large underground tank - a gas tank.

When installing and operating the equipment, you will encounter the following points:

1. Installing a gas train with cylinders (at least 4 pieces will be required) will be inexpensive, but the cash costs will have to be compensated by labor costs. With permanent residence, you suffer much more with the transportation and filling of cylinders than if you heat the house with wood.
2. Installing a gas tank is a costly undertaking. But as a result, you will get autonomous heating without connecting to the gas main.
3. Liquefied propane is no less efficient and comfortable energy source than natural gas, and provides the same benefits during equipment operation.

Methods for supplying liquefied fuel to a heat generator

Advice. It is better to organize heating with cylinders in a small country house, where you visit and live for 2-3 days. Our experienced expert will tell you more about all the nuances of using liquefied gas in his video:

Diesel fuel - more cons than pros

As a rule, the burning of diesel fuel and used engine oil is implemented in situations where there is nothing more to heat a private house with. Sometimes this option is used as a temporary one, while the built house is not yet connected to the natural gas main. In this case, you buy a universal gas boiler, temporarily equipped with a diesel burner.

The unpopularity of liquid fuel as an energy carrier for heating private dwellings is explained by the following reasons:

• economical heating of a house with diesel fuel is an unrealistic concept, since the price of fuel is quite high;
• diesel burners cost decent money and do not function without electricity (we do not take into account all sorts of homemade home craftsmen);
• liquid fuel is dirt and smell in the boiler room, no matter how hard you try to keep it clean;
• due to the poor quality of the fuel, the equipment must be serviced frequently, and with the help of qualified personnel.

Heating of a country cottage with a Buderus diesel boiler

For reference. If you have a reliable supplier of used oil at a reasonable price, then you can try to make a Babbington burner yourself, saving on the purchase of equipment. Manufacturing instructions - c.

So, diesel fuel is far from an economical option, but in some situations it can help out. It is better to organize such heating than to leave the house without heating.

Alternative sources of thermal energy

The first thing that comes to mind when there is neither gas nor electricity in a country cottage is to organize the generation of electricity in some way. For example, install solar panels and a wind farm that can provide all the needs of a private household and serve as a power source for any boiler. But you are unlikely to master such a project alone because of the decent cost of equipment and work on its installation. Unless you manage to connect a dozen more neighbors to the project.

Generating free electricity using windmills and solar panels will require a significant investment

A more realistic option for alternative heating is to use a heat pump. This brainchild of advanced technologies is widely used in Western Europe and the USA, but in the post-Soviet space it is not available to everyone. The reason is again the high price. The principle of operation of the pump is similar to air conditioning: heat energy is extracted in one place (from natural sources) and moved to another (inside a private house).

There are 4 types of heat pumps, which we will indicate along with the cost of equipment:

1. "Air is air". Acts exactly like a household split system that works for heating. The issue price is from 1800 USD. e., plus installation of at least 150 c.u. e.
2. "Air - water". It differs from the previous version in that the thermal energy taken from the outside air is transferred to the water in the heating system. The cost of installation of medium quality - from 2000 USD. e., installations - about 1700 c.u. e.
3. "Water is water". These units heat the coolant in the house due to the energy taken from groundwater or a nearby reservoir. More or less reliable equipment will cost you 3000-3300 USD. e., and the cost of installation depends on the number of wells, the remoteness of the reservoir and other factors.
4. Geothermal installation "land - water". Here, the outer circuit of pipes delivers heat to the house from the depths of the earth, heating the coolant for heating. The most reliable and expensive system, the price starts from 8000 USD. e., installation - at least 2000 c.u. e.

Pipe circuits (left) take away the thermal energy of the earth and water, and the installation (right) directs it to heat the house

The trick is that these units still need electricity to move thermal energy. To get 3-4 kW of heat and send it to heating, you need to spend 1 kW of electricity.

When the limit of electric power at the entrance to the house is limited to 5 kilowatts, then 3 of them can be spent on heating. The geothermal pump will produce 12 kW of thermal energy, which is enough to heat a living area of ​​120-160 m², no more.

For reference. When purchasing and operating heat pumps at current prices, there is no question of any payback of equipment, the subsequent energy savings are taken into account. Our expert will give you more information in his video:

Finally, let's say a few words about how to heat a private house with solar collectors. These are groups of glass tubes with a coolant flowing inside, which are heated by the infrared radiation of the sun. Unfortunately, such installations cannot act independently, and here's why:

• at night there is no sun, and there is no heating of the coolant;
• in winter, especially in the northern regions, there is too little solar energy;
• to move the coolant, you will need a circulation pump powered by electricity.

Scheme of connecting solar collectors to the heating system

For these reasons, solar collectors are usually connected by pipes to special fittings of the buffer tank, where they give off the received heat. But the tank is also heated from other sources (boilers, stoves), so the outlet temperature is enough to heat the house.

conclusions

In the current conditions, the best way to fully heat a country house without gas and electricity is to burn solid fuel in boilers or stoves. The main role here is played by the combination of the cost of heating installations and the price of firewood, coal and other briquettes with pellets. Other options will cost more.

An economically profitable energy source in our conditions is firewood

Note that when choosing heat power equipment, a simple rule applies: the smaller the initial cash investment, the more troublesome its operation. Which of the homeowners wants to organize super - economical heating on the cheap, should invest more work and time. And vice versa, when buying and installing expensive heat pumps, the owner of the house has one concern - sometimes to monitor the temperature and control the operation of the units.

Energy prices are steadily rising, so an increasing number of suburban residents are thinking about how to heat their homes inexpensively and efficiently. Most often, homeowners are concerned about what options for heating a private house and country house, which boiler has the highest efficiency, which boiler to choose for the heating system, how to install the heating system correctly, what types of heating exist without gas and which of them are the most economical.

FORUMHOUSE advises a different approach. First, we determine the type of fuel, and already “under it” we select a heating system.

From our material you will learn:

• What are the costs of a heating system?
• What type of fuel can be called the most affordable;
• What does a comfortable heating system mean;
• Can heating with electricity be cheap;
• What can become the basis of an economical heating system.

What are the costs of a heating system?

How much a particular heating method will cost depends on many factors. Only by calculating all the costs (it is also necessary to take into account the increase in fuel prices in the long term), you can decide on the most cost-effective heating method. For this it is necessary to take into account:

• fuel cost;
• the cost of its delivery;
• The cost of heating equipment;
• The cost of its installation;
• The cost of its operation;

• Average monthly air temperature in winter;
• Way of living in the house: mode "cottage" or permanent residence;
• Availability of communications connected to the site (gas, required electrical power);
• The degree of insulation and energy efficiency of the home.

Thinking about choosing a heating system and considering different options for heating in the house, first of all, you need to answer yourself the question: not “how”, but “what” will you heat your home. season.

Consider the following situation: at the moment there is no main gas, as a more economically profitable type of fuel, or its connection will be too expensive. What to do in this situation, what type of fuel to choose: firewood, liquefied gas, coal, pellets, fuel briquettes, electricity, even - there are a lot of options. Let's see which type of energy carrier will be the most preferable.

Conclusions:

• It will be correct to choose a heating system after a competent calculation. This is the only way to achieve a balance between efficiency, economy and convenience;
• A country house must be well insulated, all heat losses must be minimized, otherwise the lion's share of energy will go to heat the "street";
• Approximately, the required power of heating equipment is calculated by the formula: 1 kW of energy is required to heat 10 sq.m of the house area;
• The efficiency of the heating system largely depends on the availability of a particular type of fuel;
• To obtain the maximum effect, it is necessary to combine different types of heating systems and energy carriers. It cannot be said that if these conditions are met, we will get heating cheaper than gas, but we will be able to save significantly.
combined heating system. And here -

When choosing a heating system for their own home, the owners, of course, first of all consider the possibility of installing a gas boiler, since this type of heating is by far the most economical. But here's the problem - gas supply lines are still far from reaching all settlements, or it happens that gas wiring to the house is unaffordable in terms of financial capabilities and due to the mass of preparatory and conciliatory procedures. Heating on solid or liquid fuels is not always convenient - it requires special skills in handling stoves or boilers, compliance with increased fire safety requirements, construction of a chimney system in accordance with all the rules to prevent poisoning by combustion products. And besides, in some regions of our country, which are not rich in forests, the supply of firewood or coal can be a problem.

In this case, the most relevant is the electric heating of a private house. Surely, many immediately associate with oil-filled electric radiators or reflectors, which are neither particularly efficient nor economical. Of course, with this approach, at current electricity prices, heating will cost a lot of money. However, not everything is so clear. There are many ways to use electricity to heat your home, and some of them may well compete with gas systems.

The publication will consider the existing possibilities for organizing electric heating of a private house. Read, draw conclusions so that you can make a decision in favor of one or another option.

Electric heating "the old fashioned way"

Just a few words about those electric ones that are known to everyone, probably from childhood:

• Heating reflectors, usually with one or more spirals, placed in transparent quartz glass tubes. Such devices create a directed flow of thermal energy, but are only capable of heating either very small rooms, or a very limited area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe room. At the same time, it is impossible to call them economical - usually they do not provide for any automatic adjustments, except for changing the set heating level of the spiral.

Fan heater - not even considered as heating

• - they drive the air flow through the heat exchanger (most often an open nichrome spiral acts as this). The heated air flow can only increase comfort in a certain area and for a very short time. What can be very good for a small office, in a residential country house will not give an effect. In addition, prolonged operation of such a device burns quite strongly, dries the air in a closed room. Some modern models work on the principle of mixing air from outside, but all the same, it is impossible to consider such devices as home heating.

Oil cooler - good only for additional local heating

• - These are heavy heaters that have a pronounced ribbed shape, similar to classic cast iron batteries. They can be mobile (many even have wheels to make them easier to move around the room), or permanently installed.

Such radiators are able to heat up to very high temperatures and give off energy in the form of direct thermal radiation and the creation of convection currents. Their ribbed shape significantly increases the area of ​​active heat exchange.

Oil radiators usually have step or smooth adjustment of the heating medium heating temperature, have good thermal inertia - even after turning off they are able to stay warm for quite a long time. However, their efficiency is low, and such devices are usually used as additional heating, to help the main one, when the need arises. It will simply be unprofitable to build the entire heating system based on oil coolers.

Prices for popular models of electric heaters

Electric heaters

Water heating system with electric boiler

The organization is described in great detail in the corresponding publication of our portal.

The main feature of such a system under the conditions considered in this article is that the liquid coolant receives heating only from an electric boiler. This determines several parameters characteristic of it:

• Such a system should be designed exclusively for forced circulation. The reason is simple - the installation of a circuit for natural circulation will lead to significant losses in power, heat transfer rate, uneven heating of the premises, and in the end - all this will necessarily affect the unnecessary consumption of expensive electricity. The consumption of the pump cannot be compared with these losses.
• For the same reason, to avoid absolutely unnecessary losses, systems with electric boilers are never made according to the open type, that is, an expansion membrane tank with an appropriate safety group must be installed.

Now - more about the types of heating electric boilers.

Boilers with heating elements

These installations use the usual principle of resistive heating of a metal conductor during the passage of an electric current (direct analogy with electric stoves, irons, incandescent bulbs, etc.), however, given that the heating elements are in contact with a liquid heat carrier, they are dressed in reliable insulation and waterproof frame. All this, of course, affects rather large energy losses, insufficiently high efficiency of such devices (usually around 80%). To ensure proper heating of a constantly circulating coolant, it is necessary either to sharply increase the power of the heating element, or increase their number, which reduces the overall efficiency of the heating system.

The layout of the boilers is different - from the usual rectangular shapes with controls on the front panel to cylinders with “bundles” of heating elements located inside and with a control unit placed in a separate box.

Designers are constantly improving their products, equipping them with automation that maintains the required level of heating, turns on the heating elements in stages as needed, and turns off the power when the required temperature is reached. But still, such boilers are among the most uneconomical, and their installation as the main heat generator will not be justified even by the low price of such devices.

Boilers of the electrode principle of operation

Of all the electric boilers, these are probably the most controversial. At one time, they were presented as practically no alternative in terms of performance and economy. However, a flood of critical remarks on their work soon followed.

The way they work is completely different. The coolant is not simple water, but brought to the state of an electrolyte - a conductive liquid. Frequency oscillations of the variable network (50 Hz) cause corresponding oscillations of the electrolyte ions, which gives it a quick heating.

The advantages of such boilers are as follows:

• They are small in size and do not differ in large mass, with a sufficiently high heating power.

This allows, for example, to combine their use by installing a kind of "batteries" from several small boilers, which can be included in the system as needed.

• Such boilers are completely insensitive to mains voltage surges within fairly large limits (± 15 ÷ 20% ). For their operation, the stability of the frequency of the alternating current is more important.
• They have fast heating and good efficiency (according to the manufacturer - 20% more economical than heating elements), while their cost is low. The declared efficiency of such a device is up to 98%.
• If the boiler is tied with metal pipes, then this expands the ionization zone of the coolant and gives a tangible increase in system performance.
• From the point of view of fire safety - such a boiler, in principle, cannot overheat, if suddenly there is no coolant in the pipes - it simply will not turn on.

However, a lot of criticism can be heard against such boilers:

• There are special requirements for purity and a certain chemical composition of the electrolyte-coolant. In case of non-compliance with such requirements, all the advantages of the boiler are simply lost.
• - one of the characteristics t t of such equipment. The intensity of heating is very dependent on both the chemical composition and the temperature of the electrolyte, since when it changes in any direction, the electrical conductivity also changes.
• Such a system is very difficult to adjust and automate the heating process.
• Regular cleaning of the entire heating system is required, as it will tend to salt overgrowing of pipe cavities.
• At least once a year, it is required to clean the heat exchanger of the boiler itself and to correct the chemical composition of the coolant.
• Installation and operation of such equipment is impossible if the electrical network of the house is not equipped with a reliable grounding circuit.

Boilers of the inductive principle of operation

These boilers are often considered the most advanced of all electric boilers. The principle of their operation is strikingly different from those described above. To understand it, you can remember the school physics course, and specifically, the operation of an electrical transformer.

If you do not go into details, then briefly it looks like this. If an alternating electric current passes through one conductor (primary winding), then a voltage is induced in the other, located in the resulting electromagnetic field (secondary winding). When the circuit of the secondary winding is closed, an alternating current also begins to flow through it, which causes resistive heating of the conductor.

• It is this principle that is applied in induction boilers of the SAV type.

The primary winding coil is hermetically placed in the housing, which does not come into contact with the liquid anywhere. But the role of a secondary closed winding is an internal labyrinth system of pipes through which the coolant is pumped. Heating occurs very quickly and evenly, there is no energy loss, so the efficiency of such boilers approaches 100%.

The efficiency of the boiler is also increased by the physical principle of self-induction - currents passing through a closed secondary circuit generate so-called reactive additional power, and its values ​​\u200b\u200bare very significant.

Typically, boilers of this type are massive metal cylinders of various diameters and heights. So, the smallest boiler in this “line” is SAV -2.5, has a diameter of 120 mm, a height of 450, and at the same time weighs 23 kg. Its power (2.5 kW) will be enough to heat a room up to 30 m².

Installation of such a device is not difficult, as there are threaded pipes for inserting it into the system, a control unit for connecting to the mains.

• Induction tols are arranged and work somewhat differently. VIH(vortex induction heaters).

The mains supply voltage undergoes preliminary conversion to high-frequency, which gives a rapid increase in the strength of the electromagnetic field and, accordingly, the strength of the currents it generates. But there is no secondary winding in this circuit - its role is played by all the metal surfaces of the boiler, which are made of alloys that have pronounced ferromagnetic properties. Induced surface eddy Foucault currents cause the effect magnetization reversal, which is always accompanied by almost instantaneous and very strong heating of ferromagnetic materials. It turns out that almost all massive parts of the device are involved in heat transfer, which determines its highest efficiency (efficiency - 99%).

Boilers VIH quite heavy: the smallest of them, with a power of 3 kW, weighs 30 kg with relatively small dimensions - a cylinder diameter of 122 mm and a height of 620 mm. Such a "baby" will cope with heating 40 m². If desired, you can purchase a more powerful device (the product line is quite wide) or install a “battery” of several VIN boilers, which will provide additional benefits when operating the heating system.

"Battery" of six boilers VIN

Summing up the boilers of the induction principle of operation - briefly about their main advantages:

• In such heaters, there is no formation of scale or salt deposits - the work is accompanied by high-frequency microvibrations, which do not allow precipitation to settle on the walls. The efficiency of the device in the course of even a very long operation does not decrease.
• Any liquid can be used as a heat carrier - there are no special requirements for its chemical composition.
• There are practically no vulnerable nodes in the design of the boilers - there is no contact between the coolant and the electrical part. There is simply nothing to break in them and their service life is limited only by the state of the welds, and this is tens of years.
• Warming up is very fast, and electronic control units make it easy to fine-tune the heating system. At the same time, induction boilers are the most “safe” in terms of fire and electrical safety.
• Both calculations and the results of practical application show energy savings using such boilers up to 35 ÷ 40%, when compared with cats of similar power operating on a different principle (or heating element).

Among the shortcomings, the following can be noted:

• Some owners complain about a slight vibration noise during their work.
• The boilers are very heavy and require special attention when mounted on walls.
• The equipment is quite expensive - even the most low-power induction boilers cost about 30 thousand rubles. However, this should quickly pay off by saving electricity.

To finish the topic with a water cooling system from an electric boiler - one more important note. Whatever the unit is, it will be possible to talk about profitability only if the house has good thermal insulation and modern heating radiators with their own thermostats are installed. Old cast-iron batteries in this situation will simply ruin the owner.

Video: how to choose the right electric heating boiler

Prices for the range of heating boilers

Heating boilers

Electric convectors

The organization of a water heating system is always a large-scale work on laying pipelines, inserting batteries, installing circulation pumps, special safety devices and much more. Is it possible to do without all this if you plan to heat the house using electricity? Yes, installation of electric convectors will help to avoid such problems.

Outwardly, these devices most often resemble familiar heating radiators - they are installed vertically on walls or under window openings. Closed heating elements are located inside, which do not cause the effect of "drying out" of the air. The layout of the device is designed in such a way that cold air penetrates into it from below through the slatted bottom, receives heat from the heating elements and, leaving through the upper grate, creates a stable convection upward flow.

Such instruments and devices use the principle of wave energy transfer over a distance - you can draw a simplified analogy with sunlight. Specially selected emitter materials make it possible to convert electrical energy into radiation, in the long-wave infrared range, invisible to human sight. The emitters themselves heat up slightly, and infrared waves do not meet air resistance, but, falling on an opaque surface, they are converted into thermal energy. Thus, it is not the air in the room that is heated, but all surfaces and objects that are in the path of the rays. But these surfaces already, in turn, conduct heat exchange with the surrounding air. There is uniform heating, which starts very quickly after turning on the power. This ensures optimal temperature distribution, in contrast to convective systems.

Significant energy losses do not occur, which gives a high efficiency of such systems and their high efficiency.

Such heaters can be made in a suspended ceiling version, very reminiscent of conventional fluorescent lamps. They are placed above the places where the most intensive heating is required. They can also be portable, allowing you to direct the flow of energy into necessary time in necessary direction.

But the most convenient today are probably PLEN - film radiant electric heaters. They are produced in the form of durable film strips of various widths and lengths. Between the layers of transparent heat-resistant plastic, the emitters themselves are placed (usually a special carbon paste or bimetallic foil plates), connected by conductive copper bars.

The thickness of the film is very small - no more than 0.4 mm. It is very easy to install in the right place - on ceilings, walls, attic roof slopes, etc., and, if the owners wish, can be covered with finishing materials that will not significantly reduce the efficiency of the room heating system.

The film is heated to a temperature not exceeding 45 ÷ 50 ºС, and cannot cause burns or lead to a fire hazard. It is great for underfloor heating systems without using a screed - it can be placed under laminate, linoleum, parquet. Sometimes, simplifying their task, some owners simply cover such films with carpeting - for example, you can very quickly equip a particularly warm area for children's games.

PLEN is not afraid of dynamic loads, moisture ingress. Such heaters are easy to dismantle and move to another place - the main thing is not to damage them. Energy costs for such electric heating are considered the lowest of all existing types. Such a system is especially convenient for houses where the owners come periodically, for example, on weekends - you just turn on the power, and intensive heating of the necessary premises or areas immediately begins. In addition, many medical experts assure of the special usefulness of such heaters, as they ionize the air to the extent necessary for human health and even eliminate unpleasant odors.

Video: advantages of the PLEN heating system

So, the main possibilities for organizing electric heating of a private house were considered. This type of heating has many advantages - absolute environmental friendliness, simplicity and accuracy in management, no need to create fuel reserves. Nevertheless, one should not expect too high a profitability effect - electricity is not cheap. That is why the requirements for insulation of all elements of the building in this case should be increased.

Efficient home heating system.

The costs of private homeowners for the maintenance of the house are already quite high. That is why the question is so popular, the cheaper it is to heat a house, the answer to which will save your budget.

Why is it profitable to heat the house yourself?

In terms of heating, the owners of country houses were more fortunate than urban residents. After all, the owners of cottages can turn on the heating in their house at any time of the year, since they do not depend on a centralized heating system. Other advantages and benefits include:

• the ability to turn on the heating in the house at those moments when it is necessary.
• the ability to adjust the temperature to the desired level.
• the possibility of self-selection of the heating option (solid fuel, electricity, gas).

However, here the main question arises - how to economically heat a house and what heating method is considered the most profitable? This is what we have to figure out.

What is the best way to heat a house - how to decide?

To understand how to heat a house inexpensively, you need to answer a few important questions:

• Will you live in the house permanently or only a few seasons a year?
• Is the quality of heating or the financial side of the issue more important to you?
• How much can you spend on equipping all the systems you need?

Important: no one will give a universal answer to the question of how to economically heat a house. It all depends on various factors: prices for energy resources and fuel, the cost of purchasing and installing equipment, and a number of other factors. However, having familiarized yourself with the options for heating, it will be much easier to make a choice.

Stove heating and its features

The stove is considered the most profitable way of heating.

Considering options for how it is profitable to heat a private house, one cannot fail to mention stove heating, which has not lost its relevance over the years. Installing a stove in a house is a difficult job, therefore it should only be trusted by professional specialists. However, the correct installation of the furnace is the guarantor of its long-term operation.

They heat the stove with wood or coal, and therefore “fuel” should be stocked up in advance so that it lasts for a long time. A lot of heat is given by dry logs of hardwoods, which include beech and oak. Wet pine also burns normally, but there will be little heat from it in the house.

The main thing to remember is that the oven requires maintenance. So, you can not do without cleaning the chimney and permanent removal of ash.

To keep the rooms always warm, you need to constantly throw firewood, while observing all the necessary safety measures. Otherwise, a fire cannot be avoided.

To reduce the risk of fire hazards, it is better to line the floor near the stove with iron, but it is not recommended to line it with parquet or linoleum. If a spark strikes such a floor covering, a fire may occur.

Heating with a fireplace: is it profitable?

Fireplace heating is similar to stove heating, but it has some differences: it will not work effectively to heat the house in this way. The fireplace is most often installed only for beauty, since its heat is enough to warm the room where it is installed.

We can not talk here about the economy. If you are interested in what is more profitable to heat the house, you can safely say that not with the help of a fireplace. Despite the fact that the fireplace is powered by wood or coal, it consumes a lot of "fuel", but almost no heat is given off. Thus, it should only be installed in conjunction with some other type of heating equipment - so to speak, for the soul.

Water heating system

The water heating system will allow you to profitably heat the house.

Today, more and more often they say that a fairly popular method is to heat the house efficiently with the help of a water heating system. However, here you should immediately make a reservation - the heating bill itself may be small, but you will have to spend money on installing equipment, laying pipes, installing batteries, a tank and a pump. In addition, the cost of heating directly depends on the equipment.

To do this, you need to understand the operation of the system. So, there should be a boiler with the function of heating water, which then goes through pipes and enters. After a while, the water cools down and goes back to the boiler, where it is heated again. This system works in a vicious circle. In some cases, you can not do without a special pump when supplying fluid on a forced basis.

Many people are interested in how it is more economical to heat a house with a water heating system, because it is known that it can work on various energy sources. That is why the equipment is usually divided into:

• electric boilers;
• gas equipment;
• solid fuel boilers.

When answering the question of how to economically heat a house, it is worth stopping at gas and solid fuel boilers, since the cost of "fuel" in this case is quite acceptable. Electric boilers can be quite expensive due to the cost of electricity.

Use of heaters for heating

Modern heaters are a very efficient and safe method of heating rooms. Especially if they live in the house not all the time, but several seasons a year. The most profitable option is the use of oil coolers, which store heat for a long time and consume a small amount of energy.

Thus, in order to determine which type of heating suits you best, you must first examine all the available options, weighing their advantages and disadvantages, the economic costs of installation and operation. Do not forget to choose the heating option based on the time spent in the country house. After all, if you live in the country only in the summer, a fireplace with a stove is enough, but if you live there in the winter, you cannot do without a high-quality heating system.