Any owner country house faces the problem of organizing water supply. You can choose one of two options for solving this issue: connect to a centralized water supply or engage in independent arrangement autonomous water supply. By using the second option, you can significantly save the time it will take to collect documents and permits required when connecting to the central water supply, because organizing an autonomous water supply does not require the preparation of any documents.

An autonomous water supply system becomes the only option when it is not possible to connect to a centralized plumbing system. Good decision you will contact a company that will carry out all the work on installing an autonomous water supply system at a professional level. But if the owner of a country house decides to complete the entire process on his own, then he must be prepared for labor-intensive work.

The benefits of autonomous water supply to a dacha:

• optimal system pressure. Country houses often have several bathrooms. For example, there is a toilet on the first floor, and a bathroom on the second floor. If there is a pressure booster pump, the autonomous water supply will provide the required pressure at all water points.
• availability of water supply. Installing a storage tank will allow you not to worry about the fact that due to power outages or pump breakdown, the residents of the house will be left without water. In addition, membrane tanks and hydraulic accumulators (volume up to 500 liters) will allow you to maintain the required pressure in the system;
• high quality water. Autonomous water supply collects water from wells and wells and provides for the installation of water treatment systems. And if you remember that in individual construction they use high-quality modern pipes, then you can be sure that the quality of economic drinking water it will be excellent. Centralized water supply in many regions of our country is still in use metal pipes prone to corrosion.

Preliminary calculations of the water supply system

An autonomous water supply system begins with calculating the required amount of water, which should ensure comfortable living for everyone who will live in the house. Next, you should calculate the power of the pumping equipment and provide in advance a system that will be responsible for automatic protection.

After this, equipment is selected, a diagram of distribution combs is drawn up, and containers, pumps, pipes and everything else are purchased.

Materials and equipment for water supply

List of equipment and materials that will be needed in the process of organizing autonomous water supply:

• automatic protection and electrical system;
• pump or pumping station;
• second level pumping station (if necessary);
• treatment system;
• pipes for external water supply;
• hydropneumatic tank;
• valves, fittings, taps, mixers, pipes and more.

Well or well?

Autonomous water supply at home requires a constant source of water, therefore one of the most simple ways is digging a well. In favor of this solution, we can say that this is the most accessible and cheapest way to provide a home with water.

But the minus is also impressive - the maximum amount of water received from the well is 200 liters per hour. If you can wait several hours to turn on the shower or wash the dishes, then this option is for you. On to the cons well It is also possible to attribute the content of impurities harmful to humans in the groundwater of some regions. They must be removed before using water for food purposes.

Instead of digging a well, many owners country houses resort to drilling wells, which are divided into several types.

A simple option - a sand well

You can start with a description of the sand well, since it is the simplest to implement. The depth is usually from 15 to 30 m. When an autonomous water supply to a house is provided using a sand well, you can count on covering the water consumption of one house, if you do not need to simultaneously fill the pool, take a shower, do laundry and water the garden.

The advantage of a sand well is the relative purity of the water. At the same time, there are also disadvantages. Yes, sandy aquifer not always stable. Even if the well on your neighbor’s property is functioning normally, yours runs the risk of not being able to reach the water.

Instead of a sand well, many people use an artesian well. Its depth can be from 25 to 250 m. The maximum drilling duration is 10 days. There is enough water from an artesian well to supply several country houses, both for technical needs and for drinking.

Well for organizing water supply

In addition to digging wells, the most convenient solution will become well drilling. All wells are divided into two types: imperfect and perfect.

An imperfect well differs from a perfect well in a smaller volume of water intake. This is explained by the fact that it reveals a small part of the aquifer. It is used when the aquifer is quite large, but it is not necessary to go through it completely.

The most important part in the well construction is the mechanical filter. It completely prevents the penetration of sand, silt and other contaminants into the water.

An autonomous water supply system from a well must be organized using plastic pipes, since metal analogues are susceptible to corrosion and will give the water an unpleasant color and taste over time.

A perfect well penetrates the entire aquifer. Subsequently, it stops in front of the impermeable layer. Thanks to this type of well, the greatest flow of water can be ensured. The water supply system will work uninterruptedly, since such a well fills faster.

In addition to dividing all wells according to their design characteristics, they differ in the type of aquifers. There are two types of aquifers on which an autonomous water supply system will be organized: sand and limestone.

One option or another is selected depending on technical needs. A well is drilled in limestone to a depth of about 200 meters. The sand well has a depth of up to 40 meters and is ideal option for the installation of water supply for a dacha. For a residential cottage, this option is not so good, since the water requires additional purification and, in its untreated form, is more often used for technical needs, in particular, for watering plants.

Main components of a decentralized water supply system

A modern selection of materials and equipment allows you to select system elements for automatic feeding the required volume of water from the water intake source. As a rule, autonomous water supply consists of:

• submersible well pump;
• automation and protection systems;
• hydraulic accumulator (membrane tank);
• filtration devices,
• pipeline;
• control and shut-off valves;
• devices that will account for water supply (cold and hot water).

When choosing pumping equipment It is necessary to take into account the pressure and water consumption (volumetric supply). This will ensure proper water pressure. To maintain pressure in the system, you will need to install a hydraulic accumulator, and in order for the pumping equipment to turn on and off independently, you will need to install automation.

What type of pump should be used for a water supply system?

Pumps are divided into surface and submersible. Autonomous water supply at home must be installed taking into account specific operating conditions. For example, if the aquifer is at sufficient depth, then you should use submersible pump. Surface ones can be installed at a depth of about 7 meters.

Unlike surface pumps, submersible ones have more power, which allows them to pump out water from a depth of 80 m. At the same time, they are quite compact. This makes it possible to place them in small areas.

Borehole pumps are divided into three types:

• vortex;
• centrifugal;
• screw.

Vortex pumps, compared to centrifugal pumps, have the following advantages:

• ability to create stronger pressure,
• presence of self-priming function,
• lower cost.

The disadvantages include the fact that efficiency for such devices it is approximately 45%. They are not suitable for pumping liquids that contain abrasive particles, as this will cause rapid wear of some parts of the pump.

Centrifugal pumps are used in cases where the water contains a large amount of sand or rises from great depths. Autonomous water supply at home with such devices will be very effective.

Screw pump versions differ from the previous two in that they can be used to pump water from open reservoirs. The maximum depth at which such pumps can operate reaches 15 meters.

It will also be important to install start-protection devices that will prevent Negative influence to the electric motor due to changes in the electrical network, and will protect the pumping equipment from running “dry”.

In choosing pipes for water supply devices, you should rely on such criteria as high quality, reliability, corrosion resistance and ease of installation. When choosing among copper, steel, metal-plastic and plastic pipes, give preference to the optimal price-quality ratio.

Today, the most popular pipes used for heating and hot water supply are polypropylene reinforced and unreinforced pipes.

Filtration equipment should be selected according to the results of the source water analysis. Without such data, you can only purchase mechanical cleaning filters.

To save on costs for consumed hot water, instead of traditional boilers, you can install indirect heating boilers. In the cold season, this will help to significantly reduce the cost of heating fluids.

Designing a water supply for a private home and installing an effective system yourself is difficult, but doable. The article provides recommendations for arranging a water source, connecting pumps and laying a pipeline. Also here you can find useful tips on selecting materials and equipment to solve these problems.

Centralized and autonomous systems

The water supply system of a private house can be either centralized or autonomous. Both options have their own characteristics.

For a centralized system:

1. Connect to source. The water comes from a water main, fed either from a pumping station or a water tower.

1. System pressure. The pressure in the pipelines is provided automatically, i.e. we do not need to install additional pumping equipment.
2. Dependence on extraneous circumstances. The system turns out to be completely dependent on external factors: if the central pumps break down or are switched off or the main line breaks, the house will be left without water. Perhaps for a long time.

1. Water treatment. When water enters the central water supply system, it undergoes purification - removal of mechanical particles, impurities, demineralization, and disinfection.

The quality of this cleaning varies greatly, so in most cases additional cleaning is required.

U autonomous system:

1. Connect to source. The source is a well or borehole (depending on the location of the aquifer).
2. System pressure and dependence on external factors. Water transportation in the system is provided by pumping equipment, which we need to install and maintain ourselves. This makes the water supply dependent on the presence of voltage in the network, so it is advisable to have a backup power supply system powered by a generator.

1. Water treatment. You need to take care of the cleaning yourself: sometimes the initial quality of the water does not allow it to be used for drinking and cooking.

There are also differences in financially . When using a centralized system, we will only have to purchase pipes and shut-off valves, but we will have to pay monthly for water supply services. You don’t need to pay for using an autonomous system, but you will have to buy quite expensive pumping equipment and spend money on constructing a well/borehole. As a result, the autonomous system will pay for itself in at least a few years.

Which water system for a private home will be optimal?

• if possible, it is easier to connect to the system centralized water supply. Even if you pay monthly, the costs will be much lower;
• If this is not possible, you will have to make an autonomous system. Labor, temporary and financial expenses will be an order of magnitude higher. But after working once, we can provide the house with water for several decades.

Water sources

How to dig a well

So, let’s say we need to arrange a water source ourselves. The most simple solution will dig a well. This decision is justified if the aquifer within the site is at a level of 4 - 15 meters and has sufficient thickness.

Benefits of the well:

• relatively low labor costs;
• the ability to manually lift water during a power outage;
• low cost of pumping equipment;
• service life - 50 years or more.

Disadvantages of the well:

• can penetrate into the well groundwater with particles of soil and silt. This leads to a decrease in water quality;
• to avoid silting, the well must be cleaned regularly;
• Water levels vary depending on the time of year, so in hot weather shallow springs may dry up.

Instructions for digging and arranging a well will be as follows:

	Digging a pit. In the selected location, we apply markings under the well itself and under the platform along its perimeter. Then we dig a pit approximately 2 - 2.5 m deep.
	Installation of log frame or rings. We lower either the first crowns into the dug pit wooden log house, or the first ring that will strengthen the walls of the well. Gradually deepen the bottom of the pit under the base of the log house or concrete ring, lowering them all lower. As the products are lowered, we build up the structure from above, adding new crowns or installing further rings. After the design depth is reached, we seal the joints between the rings.
	Construction of the aquifer. When we reach a layer containing a large amount of water, we will need to go deeper by about 1 - 1.5 m. To sample wet soil, we use a box made of tightly fitted boards, which we install at the bottom of the pit. We select the soil from the box and lift it up in buckets.
	Arrangement of the filter. We pour washed coarse sand, gravel and crushed stone or pebbles into layers at the bottom of the pit. These materials will ensure water drainage and trapping of clay and silt particles. On top of the drainage layer we lay a shield of aspen boards, knocked down with small cracks. The presence of such a shield also helps improve water quality.
	Surface work. We dig a pit around the perimeter of the well with a diameter of about 2 m and a depth of up to 60 cm. At the bottom of the pit we place a layer of clay, which we compact carefully - this “clay castle” will protect the well from reverse filtration of spilled water. On top of the clay castle we arrange a roll from a slab or concrete screed. You can lay it on top of the screed paving slabs or pave the site.

The upper part of the well is designed in different ways:

• you can install a decorative house with a roof, securing a gate in it for manually raising water;
• you can arrange a hidden caisson (pit) or a surface house for the pumping station.

The option with a decorative house is suitable not only for a gate, but also for installing a submersible pump. But it is advisable to place the surface pump in a separate structure (underground caisson, above-ground booth). You can also install a pumping station in the house - then it will be enough to lay a pipe or hose to the head of the well.

How to drill a well

Water supply to the house from a well is also possible.

Well advantages:

• stable volume of water with relatively small seasonal fluctuations;
• high water quality;
• no need for regular repairs.

Well disadvantages:

• expensive and complex drilling, almost always using professional equipment;
• shorter service life than a well (for sand wells);
• the need to use expensive well pumps.

Water supply in a private house is usually carried out using two types of wells:

1. Well "on sand". Depth from 15 to 40-50 m, service life - from 8 to 20 years. Such a well can be drilled manually by finding the aquifer experimentally. To lift and supply water, the installation of pumping equipment is required. Water may contain sand and clay particles and therefore requires additional purification.
2. Artesian well. The depth can reach 150 m, the service life is up to 50 years with proper arrangement and operation. Water rises due to its own pressure; pumps are used mainly for transportation. It is drilled exclusively by machine with mandatory registration and issuance of a well passport.

Typically, drilling a well until the desired water level is achieved by professionals. However, if the aquifer is shallow, then you can do the work yourself:

	Preliminary work. In the selected location we dig a pit for installing a caisson or mounting the well head. We install a tripod on which the guide rods will rest.
	Auger drilling. Using an auger drill, we deepen the well, raking out the excavated soil from the neck. Periodically remove the tool, clearing its blades of adhering material. When manual drilling, you can make the work easier by extending the drill handles with “shoulders” made of steel pipes 1.5 - 2 m long.
	Installation of casing. As we deepen the well, we install plastic or metal casing pipes (the diameter should allow free movement of the drill). We connect the casing string parts together either by threading or welding.
	Completion of work. We continue drilling until complete passage aquifer. After reaching the design depth, we expand the lower part of the well and flush it with a submersible pump to remove sand, clay particles and silt. In the lower part we install a gravel filter or install a special filter pipe with mesh walls.

A properly drilled and equipped well can ensure an uninterrupted supply of water for your home’s water supply system.

Connecting pumping equipment

We install a well pump

To deliver water from a well or borehole to points of consumption, it is necessary to install pumping equipment. We will begin the description of the process with the installation of well pumps.

The following types of pumps can be used for a well:

1. Deep well pump (submersible). The pumping part is located suspended in the water (on a cable or nylon cord). The pump is connected to the surface with a water supply hose and a power cable.

1. Surface pump or pumping station. The pumping equipment itself is located on the surface (in a caisson pit or in the house). A hose with a filter is lowered to the depth of the aquifer, above which it is usually mounted check valve. The presence of a check valve prevents the movement of water by gravity back into the well and facilitates pumping when the pump is turned off.

Typically submersible well pumps are mainly used for economic needs. Private household water supply systems are almost always built on the basis of a pumping station.

Main elements of the unit:

• centrifugal pump with automatic on/off system;
• hydraulic accumulator - a tank divided into several sections by a membrane. The presence of a tank allows you to maintain a constant pressure in the system due to gradual filling with water;

Other advantages of the tank include compensation of water hammer and energy savings due to the less frequent activation of pumping automation. The larger the volume of the hydraulic accumulator, the lower the equipment wear will be.

• pressure switch, switch-on control automation;
• measuring instruments.

The system is assembled this way:

1. A pumping station is being installed. A concrete or brick podium is used as the base. We place a rubber mat under the device to compensate for vibrations.
2. A water supply hose from the well is connected to the pump. At the connection point, you can install a simple mesh filter for pre-cleaning.

1. The outlet pipe is being connected. In the future, based on it, we will do wiring around the house.
2. The automation is being configured. To do this, about 2 liters of water are poured into the pump through the technological hole and the unit is turned on. The system is adjusted so that automatic shutdown occurred at a pressure of about 2.5 -3 bar, and the start-up was 1.5 - 1.8 bar.

Installing the pump in the well

If the water source is a well, then the main equipment is a submersible well pump. Such devices are characterized by a combination of high power with a relatively small diameter, which is why they are quite expensive.

The pump is connected to a hose and power cable, and then lowered into the well on a cable:

	Determination of depth. We determine the level of the water surface according to the passport, if possible controlling it using a weight on a cord. We calculate the immersion level of the pump so that the suction part is at least 1 m below the minimum dynamic level and at a distance of 1 to 3 m from the bottom. For artesian wells, the optimal level is considered to be 2/3 of the depth of the aquifer - approximately at the level of the lower edge casing pipe.
	Preparing for installation. In accordance with the obtained length, we measure the hose and cable, which we connect to each other with plastic clamps every 3-4 meters. We attach the cable with the hose to the pump.
	Installation of suspension system. We fix a steel cable or nylon cord (a minimum of five times the strength margin is required) on the pump body. We lower the equipment into the well. If the installation depth is small, we attach the cable or cord to a suspension made of a rubber band folded several times. This damper will dampen vibrations.
	Installation of the head. We attach the head on top of the casing. We tie a cable or suspension cord to the eye bolt at the bottom of the head cover. We lead the hose and power cable through the central hole of the head, after which we tighten the bolts, sealing the structure.

Laying water pipes

How to do piping

The water supply to a home can be based on any source, but the effectiveness of the system depends on how correctly we lay the pipes. For a country house, products made of metal-plastic, polypropylene or polyethylene are usually used, which are connected either using fittings or welding.

The general algorithm for laying pipes includes the following operations:

1. Installation of supply pipe. We dig a trench from the house to the pit using the head of a well or a caisson with pumping equipment. The depth of the trench should be from 1.5 to 2 m, which will prevent freezing of the water pipe in winter.

Additional measures to protect against freezing include thermal insulation of the pipe using polystyrene or polyurethane casings, as well as laying active heating cables.

1. Registration of entrance to the premises. We make a hole in the foundation or base into which we insert a metal sleeve with a diameter larger than the diameter of the pipe. Through the sleeve, which will provide protection against deformation during building subsidence, we bring the pipe into the room. Carefully hole.

1. Preparation for installation of water supply. We apply markings on the walls for laying pipes. At open installation We fix the brackets on which the pipes will be fixed to the load-bearing surfaces. If hidden installation is planned, we make grooves in the walls using a wall chaser or a hammer drill with a chisel attachment. We also install brackets for pipes in the grooves.

1. Water supply connection. At the entrance to the house we install ball valve, to which we connect the collector. We connect the pipes of the water supply system to the collector with our own hands, which we divide into several circuits. This installation scheme allows you to optimize the pressure: when one tap is opened, the pressure in other areas will not drop.

1. System assembly. Metal-plastic pipes we connect to each other using press fittings. We install polyethylene and polypropylene products by welding, using a special soldering iron for connection. We fix the pipes on brackets (openly or in grooves). We connect shut-off valves, plumbing fixtures, faucets and other points of consumption.

Before sealing the grooves and performing finishing works It is advisable to test the system. During the test run, we check the quality of the pipe connections, the operation of the control automation and the functioning of the pump pumping water from the well or borehole.

How to provide hot water supply

To ensure the proper level of comfort, you should think about installing a hot water supply system.

So that we can wash ourselves, wash dishes and take a shower with hot water, you can use a variety of devices:

1. Hot water boilers– gas or solid fuel. They can be either single-circuit (for heating water only) or double-circuit (hot water supply + heating). To use the system, a separate pipe with cold water, is connected to the boiler and a separate hot wiring is carried out from the boiler.

1. Storage water heaters. Such a heater is a container from 50 to 100+ liters, inside of which there is a heating element. Water enters the tank, is heated to the required temperature, after which the heating element is turned on only to maintain the desired degree of heating. The reservoir is replenished as you use it.

1. Instantaneous water heaters. Are used either in the smallest country houses without a shower, or in large cottages in separate areas of pipe distribution. Flow heater mounted on a cold water pipe directly in front of the point of consumption. Heating occurs when liquid passes through the body of a device with an electric or induction element.

For a comfortable stay in a country house, it is necessary to install an autonomous water supply that will optimally suit your land plot and the house in general. Installing a water supply is quite a painstaking job, requiring considerable financial and labor costs. Autonomous water supply can be presented in three options, according to which various equipment will be used:

• well;
• well;
• additional water tanks.

Let's consider the first option, in which it is necessary to drill a well to establish an autonomous water supply to the house. In order to set up a water supply system from a well, there is various options sources: artesian and sand.

Depending on the volume of liquid consumed, you can decide on the choice of well. The sandy option will be relevant for an area where water consumption does not exceed 1.5 cubic meters/hour. However, this method can only be considered for private houses with a small area and for people who do not use a well all year round.

This method of water supply involves drilling up to 50 meters deep and this will not guarantee that the water consumed from the bowels of the earth will be clean. It may contain unpleasant impurities and harmful compounds. The service life of this type of water supply will be characterized by a productivity of 500 liters and a service life of up to 10 years.

The optimal water supply option would be an artesian well, which is achieved by drilling up to 100 meters deep.

This, in turn, allows for uninterrupted use of water all year round. This type of supply can produce up to 10 cubic meters/hour. The service life will be much longer than the previous version.

If necessary self-drilling, it is worth using professional equipment, which must be accompanied by high-quality work!

In order to install everything correctly and receive water all year round, you need the following equipment:

• Pump. The key element in this entire system, since with the help of its well-functioning operation, water will rise to the required height and enter the house. The unit must be installed with a certain diameter with a value of up to 4 and equipped with a protective mechanism that will prevent damage. “Dry running” provides protection against overheating of the pump in the event that the water level in the well is below the permissible level;
• Plastic or metal tank. A caisson is a container that is installed in such a way that there is easy access to it, but it is worth providing protection from dust and dirt from external sources. The need to install it is due to the fact that it will connect to the pump and conduct pumped water into the house, as well as as additional control over the operation of the pump;
• Metal-plastic pipes with a diameter of up to 32 mm, which are made of plastic and easily bendable material. Polymer material will prevent the appearance of corrosion and fungi.

All pipes are laid in such a way as to reduce the risk of pipe freezing. The depth provided for during installation should not be less than 50 cm, and in the northern regions 70 cm or more!

It is worth understanding that this system will work smoothly and uninterruptedly with the use of filters and water purification septic tanks.

Water supply from a well can be done through in various ways and using additional materials:

• Pumping station. The essence of this method is that an automated pump is installed at a certain depth, which will fill the hydropneumatic tank with water in a controlled manner. The tank is equipped with an additional relay that regulates the water pressure in the tank and a sensor that is activated when water is consumed from it. After which the pumping station begins to pump water from the well again. The tank is connected via pipes directly to equipment inside the house for water use;
• Deep well pump. The use of this type of water supply is that a reservoir is installed on the second floor or in a specially designated place in the attic, into which water is supplied from a well using a working pumping station. The tank is made of of stainless steel or plastic, with a capacity of up to 1500 liters, can provide water at times when there is no supply or good pressure. The water will simply flow slowly from the tap, due to the fact that the tank is installed at the highest point of the house.

Summing up this type of supply, it is worth noting what other necessary materials will apply:

• valves;
• pressure gauges;
• filters;

When directly choosing a pumping station, it is important to focus on the depth of the well and the required water consumption. The installation procedure is that a pump is lowered to the depth of the well with electric cable and a pipe using a galvanized cable and a winch pre-installed on the walls of the caisson. For a certain pressure, a check valve is installed, with the help of which the pressure inside the tank will be adjusted. After the work has been done, you should connect it to the electrical panel and check how the system works.

The next available water supply option is a well. This type requires a lot of physical effort and not a lot of financial effort at all. Today, the construction industry can offer the following well supply options:

• Wooden wells. In this case, oak or pine can be used, the diameter of the logs is up to 18 cm. It must be resistant to moisture and installed up to 15 meters deep;
• The use of small-piece materials in the construction of a well. This type water supply is possible when deepened to 3 meters and stone, red brick, concrete blocks. A very labor-intensive process and physically difficult;
• Wells using reinforced concrete rings. A very common method of water supply, which involves installing the specified material up to 20 meters deep into the well space. Characterized by long term usability and reliability in use.

When organizing a well, a very large number of physical strength, since independent work is carried out to dig out space to organize a well to the required depth.

There is another alternative option in the autonomous water supply system. Removable tanks that are filled with water from a water carrier. This device is quite easy to use, and its installation does not take much time.

Installation instructions:

1. A pit is constructed of concrete or brick. The distance to the tank wall is at least 20 cm. The bottom of this pit should be filled with sand and leveled, and a small hole should be made in the center for an additional pump that will push water to the surface from the tank. This pump is connected to the reservoir using couplings and taps;
2. After this step, you should cover the tank with the pump concrete floor, leaving a small hatch;
3. It is worth connecting a pipe to the top of the tank, which can be brought to the house and an additional hole for filling the tank using a water carrier. The entire structure will be protected from dust and dirt by a concrete hatch. If desired, you can install auxiliary filters or install a septic tank inside the tank, which will clean the tank from germs and pathogenic bacteria.

This device can be used for up to 50 years and has high resistance to temperature changes (-40 +70 degrees Celsius). Very economical way autonomous water supply, which does not require large physical or financial costs.

To summarize, I would like to note that despite the chosen method of water supply, it should only be carried out using quality materials and professional equipment, if necessary. Autonomous water supply will be a significant advantage in a private home and a significant privilege at any time of the year.

Running water in a private home is not a luxury, but a most pressing necessity. Only those who have never had to carry endless buckets of water from a public pump or the nearest well can disagree with this statement. If there is no way to connect to a centralized water supply, all you have to do is organize it yourself. Today we will present several professional advice on the creation of an autonomous water supply system.

How to create your own water supply?

Fortunately, the experience of organizing water supply to private buildings today is quite rich. A typical water supply scheme for a private home includes elements such as:

• water source (well or borehole);
• a device for supplying water to the system (pump or pumping station);
• hydraulic accumulator;
• system of water pipes, external and internal;
• necessary plumbing fixtures.

If the house plans to organize water heating for domestic needs, a boiler will also become part of the water supply scheme for a country house. Most often these are double-circuit models, in which the functions of heating the house and heating tap water are separated. Alternative option can become an electric storage water heater.

Read also our material about installing water supply in a private house:.

Where is the best place to get water?

Organizing an autonomous water supply in a country house begins with finding a suitable source of water. Typically, estate owners have three options for solving the problem:

• well;
• well “for sand”;
• artesian well.

A well is the simplest and least expensive design, but there is not much water in it, and its purity is in question. Pollution by melt water, runoff that has penetrated into the ground, various debris, and even the corpses of small animals - these problems are well known to well owners. It should be noted that it is still easier to clean a well than a well, which can also become contaminated.

A sand well allows you to obtain water from an aquifer, which lies relatively shallow - 10-30 meters from the surface. Water is extracted from such a well using a submersible pump. Water from the well “on the sand” usually flows sufficiently good quality, but the source must be properly maintained to prevent siltation. Water from a “sandy” well usually requires additional filtration.

Maximum excellent clean water can be obtained from an artesian well. This is the most expensive and time-consuming way to create a water source, since artesian water runs very deep. However, a pump for such a well is not required, and several houses, or even an entire settlement, can be provided with water at once.

Please note: It is necessary to do an analysis of water from an artesian well. Although it is usually very pure, it may contain high levels of iron or other minerals. It is also worth remembering that artesian water has quite high hardness.

The lucky owners of an artesian spring will have to deal with government agencies. Waters from deep horizons are classified as strategic reserves of the state, so the source must be registered with the relevant institutions.

An Abyssinian well can be an interesting solution for the water supply system of a country house. Installing an Abyssinian well is relatively inexpensive, the work is carried out literally within a few hours, and you can install a compact Abyssinian well even in the basement of a private house.

How to deliver water to a house from a well or borehole?

For the owner own well The most acceptable option for installing water supply in a private home would be to use a pumping station. This system consists of centrifugal pump, hydraulic accumulator, electric motor, pressure switch, etc. Using a pumping station, you can set up automatic switching on and off of the pump so that there is always enough water in the hydraulic tank without overflowing.

When organizing water supply for a private home with water from a well, you can use a pumping station or a pump complete with a tank in which a float water level sensor is installed

You will learn about the design and operating principle of the hydraulic accumulator in our next material:.

A properly adjusted pumping station allows you to obtain a sufficiently high water pressure in the system so that you can use, for example, a hydromassage shower or other amenities of civilization available to city residents.

For a pump or pumping station, a place is prepared in the house or a separate room is built. The pipe through which water will flow is lowered into the well. The edge of the pipe, covered with a mesh filter, is placed approximately 30-40 cm from the bottom. A special pin is installed into the concrete bottom of the well, to which a water pipe is attached to fix its position.

The pumping station can be successfully placed in the basement of a private house. In this case, the noise from the operating device will not disturb the residents

Please note: The water pipe is laid in a trench to a depth that exceeds the freezing level of the soil. To prevent the water in the pipe from freezing in winter, you need to take care of appropriate insulation of the external water supply.

When choosing a pumping station, you should focus on the characteristics of the well. A standard pumping station can lift water from a depth of nine meters to a height of up to 40 meters. However, if the well is located at a sufficiently large distance from the house, it would be more reasonable to use a centrifugal self-priming pump equipped with an external ejector.

The pumping station allows you to organize autonomous water supply in a private house as efficiently as possible. At the same time, you can provide the same good water pressure as in the city water supply

Before the pump you need to install a check valve and a coarse filter. The fine filter is placed after the pumping station. Then install a pressure gauge and pressure switch. The pumping station is connected to the control panel and to the water supply system of the house.

Advice! After installing the pumping station, it is necessary to organize work to ensure correct mode device operation.

Instead of a pumping station, you can use a submersible pump, the operation of which is controlled by a float sensor installed in the water storage tank.

The water supply system of a private house is installed in a similar way using water from a well. If the pumping station is installed in a separate warm room above the well, then the procedure for its installation is approximately the same as when organizing the delivery of water from a well.

When installing a caisson over a well, it is necessary to dig a fairly spacious hole, concrete the bottom, install the caisson and properly fix it in the ground

However, you can install a pumping station directly above the well, in a special container called a caisson. To do this you need:

1. Dig the pipe to a depth of about 2.5 meters. The diameter of the pit should be twice the diameter of the caisson.
2. Place a layer of concrete at least 20 cm thick at the bottom.
3. Install the caisson in the prepared hole.
4. Cut the pipe so that it rises 50 cm above the edge of the caisson.
5. Dig a trench for the water pipe. The depth of the pipes is 1.8-2 m.
6. Install a pump in the caisson and connect it to the well pipe.
7. Fill the caisson along the contour with a layer of concrete approximately 40 cm.
8. After the concrete has dried, fill the remaining space sand-cement mixture, not reaching the upper edge of the caisson by about 50 cm.
9. Fill the remaining space with soil.
10. Install a hydraulic accumulator with a pressure switch, pressure gauge and other devices in the living room.
11. Connect all elements of the system, connect them to the power supply and to internal system water supply

See also our material with step-by-step instructions for installing, connecting and starting the pumping station:.

After this, all that remains is to check the functionality of all elements of the water supply system, make sure that there are no leaks at the connections, eliminate any identified shortcomings and enjoy your new water supply system, the characteristics of which may be even better than in centralized city systems.

Allows you to organize uninterrupted intake of drinking water from an underground source, regardless of the condition of the central system. Consumption rates, supply schedule and conditions of use are determined by the homeowner himself.

General diagram of the water supply system for a private house based on a well.

What is autonomous water supply for a private home?

The lack of public water supply in the suburban area forces residents to look for alternative sources of water supply. To do this, geological studies of the site are carried out and, based on the results obtained, a technology and method of solving the problem are selected. The most popular options for arranging a drinking water supply system are a well or a borehole.

A well is an artificial working with a circular cross-section designed to lift water from low-lying horizons. For these purposes, the structure is equipped with a submersible or pumping resource from aquifers to points of consumption.

A well is a reservoir with a larger diameter than a well, equipped with special mechanisms for lifting water manually (gate, “crane”, etc.).

In addition to underground sources, an autonomous water supply system requires a set of pumping equipment, external and internal pipelines, as well as household plumbing fixtures.

The main parts of an autonomous water supply system for a private house

In the standard version, the water intake and supply scheme consists of the following elements:

• well or well;
• water-lifting equipment with an automation kit;
• hydropneumatic tanks or storage tanks;
• supply line;
• internal networks: water supply, control and shut-off valves.

Diagram of a water supply system using a well pump and a membrane tank.

List of work to be performed:

1. Drill and equip a working.
2. Install a caisson or inspection well.
3. Select and install the pump.
4. To plug automatic system control and water supply.
5. Provide the well with a mechanical cleaning filter.
6. Lay pressure pipelines.
7. Equip the system with a hydraulic accumulator or storage tank.
8. Install external and internal sewerage systems.
9. Connect household appliances.

Source of water supply

For autonomous water supply equipment, underground sources are used. Water can be supplied from open storage structures, springs, wells or boreholes.

The choice of the type of excavation for water supply must be made taking into account the depth of the pressure horizons and the conditions for their recharge. The water intake point must be located in a sanitary location that prevents water contamination from industrial or domestic wastewater.

Depending on the depth, quality and thickness of the aquifer, underground resources can be divided into 3 categories:

• perched water;
• ground;
• artesian.

The high water is located at a shallow depth (no more than 5-8 m). It consists of atmospheric precipitation, which accumulates in small depressions and periodically seeps into the soil, forming. The thickness of such a formation is relatively low and depends on climatic conditions region.

During the filtration process, perched water accumulates various organic and mineral impurities rich in harmful microorganisms. Such water is not suitable for cooking and is intended only for irrigation, sewage systems and other household needs.

Groundwater is located at a depth of 10 to 40 m between two solid layers consisting of dense loams or compressed sandstones. There are reserves of such water everywhere. An example of a sand well is a driven “Abyssinian” well.

The most reliable capital source is, which is drilled to a depth of 30-250 m.

Such a well has many advantages:

1. Unlimited volume of liquid and its high quality.
2. Long service life.
3. Constant water temperature.
4. Impossibility of biological and other contamination.

Equipment and materials

To install water supply networks, you need the following materials:

• for a well;
• steel or plastic profiles for laying highways;
• connecting elements;
• shut-off valves;
• sand;
• crushed stone;
• well cement.

The casing is a mandatory part of the mine design. It serves to create a wellhead and protect it from soil shedding from the walls of the excavation.

The water supply is installed from steel or plastic pipes. All standard products are designed for transporting liquids in water supply systems with a working pressure of up to 0.6 MPa, so the choice of material for pipelines depends only on economic calculations, work conditions and the wishes of the developer.

Connecting elements for water supply networks (fittings) are made of non-ferrous alloys or polymer composites the same diameter as standard profiles.

Shut-off valves serve to shut off and regulate the speed of fluid flow. The materials used for the manufacture of parts are steel, cast iron and non-ferrous alloys. For pipelines with a diameter of up to 50 mm, plug and ball valves are used. On the highway bigger size It is recommended to install cast iron or steel valves.

Sand, crushed stone and cement are needed for preparation concrete mixture, used when installing a caisson or inspection well. Well cement is intended for the production of solutions used to seal the walls of the excavation when installing casing pipes.

Depending on the project, the pumping station can be located either in a specially equipped room or in a caisson well.

Equipment required for the operation of an autonomous water supply system:

• pump or transfer station;
• filter;
• hydraulic tank;
• pressure switch;
• mixing taps;
• household plumbing fixtures.

Depending on the method of placement, pumps can be submersible or surface pumps.

According to the principle of operation of the injection mechanism, they can be:

• screw;
• centrifugal;
• vibration.

For stable operation of the water intake and supply system, it must be equipped with additional equipment:

• regulating and control devices;
• expansion or storage tank.

This will not be necessary when purchasing and installing a pumping station, the delivery package of which includes all the necessary devices, including a hydraulic accumulator and a pressure switch with factory-set parameters for uninterrupted operation.

How to create your own water supply: various options

A hydraulic accumulator or hydraulic tank is used in the water supply system of private houses to maintain constant pressure in the system.

There are 2 types of systems designed for autonomous water supply:

1. With expansion tank.
2. With storage capacity.

A typical scheme for extracting resources from a well involves the use of submersible or surface pumps without storage tanks. After the pumping mechanism, a pressure piping system is connected, which is connected through the main valve to the internal consumption line.

In this configuration, the power of the unit will not be enough to ensure an uninterrupted supply of water in conditions permanent residence. These mechanisms are designed to supply water to storage tanks, and not to create pressure when variable flow liquids.

To stabilize the pressure and increase the volume of resource consumption, it is recommended to install a hydraulic accumulator in the system. It consists of a metal body, a rubber elastic membrane and a certain amount of air located outside the expanding chamber. The pressure switch on the supply line alternates cycles of starting the pumping equipment and regulates the water pressure in the system. Automation is triggered when the pressure drops to the minimum specified level.

The most rational way to install an autonomous water supply from an underground source is to install a storage tank on the supply line. The tank is mounted at the highest point of the pipeline, under the roof. Storage capacity- This is a steel or plastic chamber with a float valve that reacts to the volume of liquid in the tank. To maintain a given pressure of water flowing from the tank by gravity, a booster pump is installed after the tank.

Both methods of installing an individual water supply can be combined by placing a station with a hydraulic accumulator near the well, and placing it under the roof storage tank with a booster unit.

Water supply system calculations

The main purpose of the calculation is to determine the maximum volume of water sufficient to meet the needs of a residential building. Based on the data obtained, pumping equipment is selected. The devices must ensure proper pressure in the system and uninterruptedly supply the required amount of water.

Calculations must begin with establishing , it is indicated in the source passport. If the document is missing, then the flow rate can be determined by lowering a cord with a small load into the hole. The height of the liquid column (static level) multiplied by the diameter of the hole will indicate the available volume.

In the same way, you can determine the actual depth of the excavation (lifting height). This value will be needed when choosing pump power.

To determine the estimated volume of water, you need to count the number of household appliances and mixing fittings in the house. Then you need to use SNiP 2.04.01-85, which indicates the consumption rates for each device. Multiply the data specified in the document by the number of devices and add the resulting values.

Based on the research, taking into account the depth of the well and the distance to the highest point of consumption in the house, you can select the pump power and determine what equipment is needed for the water supply system.

Stages of work to supply water from a well

To install an autonomous water supply system, it is first necessary to conduct geological studies of the site, determine the availability and quality of drinking water, as well as the depth of the resource.

After this, you can begin work on installing your own water supply system:

1. Drill and equip a well.
2. Dig a pit for an inspection well and dig trenches for laying pipes.
3. Install the caisson and pumping equipment.
4. Install the external main and lead it into the building.
5. Connect power supply to the pumping station.
6. Connect the pumping unit to the pressure line.
7. Carry out internal wiring and install plumbing fixtures.
8. Turn on the device and check the operation of the system (pressure and tightness of connections).
9. Backfill the soil into the cavity of the pit and trench.

Supplying water to the house and installing an external water supply network

The beginning of laying an external water supply requires that the developer already has a source of water supply, a set necessary equipment and materials and a diagram of the supply line from the well to the entrance to the building.

The caisson well provides access and protection to the pumping equipment that supplies water through the main line to the house.

Well and plastic caisson: installation procedure

To accommodate pumping equipment and protect the well head from climatic and atmospheric influences the water supply source must be equipped with an inspection well or a coffer chamber. You can build a tank from prefabricated reinforced concrete elements or buy one.

Sequence of work:

1. Prepare a foundation pit for the selected design.
2. Compact the base with crushed stone-sand mixture.
3. Install the formwork, lay the reinforcing mesh and fill the bottom of the tank with concrete.
4. Install a prefabricated well on the prepared site or plastic container.
5. Waterproof the walls if a reinforced concrete tank is being installed, or insulate the structure if a plastic caisson is being installed.
6. Backfill the soil into the cavity of the pit.
7. Connect the outlet pipe of the pumping unit to the supply line.
8. Connect power supply.

Pump selection

The power of the pump directly depends on the number of residents living in a particular building.

To select a well pump, the following information is required:

• depth of the borehole;
• excavation diameter;
• static level and dynamic level water in the well;
• well flow rate;
• distance from the source to the entrance to the building;
• height of the house (number of storeys);
• characteristics of the local power grid.

Basic data can be taken from.

Standard pumps designed for installation in wells with a diameter of 74 and 100 mm. The distance to the ground surface is equal to the immersion depth of the unit. The upper level of water intake can be calculated by multiplying the number of floors in the house by 3. According to the standards, the required pressure in the water supply system is 1.5-3.0 atm. 1 atmosphere is equal to 10 m of water column.

A family of 3-5 people consumes 3.5-4.5 m³ of liquid per hour, this value takes into account the simultaneous operation of all household appliances. Let's take the following values ​​as an example of calculating the pressure force: two-storey house is located at the same level as the well, the pump immersion depth is 50 m, the distance to the source is 30 m. Taking into account the correction for friction - 10-20%, we get: 50+6+30+15% = 99 m.

Based on the calculations carried out, we can conclude that a unit with a capacity of 3.5 m³/h is needed, capable of creating a pressure in the system of up to 3.0 atm and raising water to a height of up to 100 m.

Laying external water supply pipes

When laying a water main, both the level of soil freezing and the groundwater level are taken into account.

To lay a supply line to a residential building in accordance with the external water supply diagram, the following work must be performed:

• carry out a geodetic alignment of the route onto the terrain;
• designate possible intersection points of the line with underground utilities;
• prepare sand, pipes, connecting parts;
• dig a trench;
• mount and lay sections of the main on a prepared sand base 100 mm high;
• connect the pressure line to the inlet tap inside the building;
• fill the hole and plan the area.

The bottom of the trench should be located 40 cm below the soil freezing level, the width of the trench should be 50 cm greater than the outer diameter of the pipes used.

Internal network device

The building's water supply network is designed to distribute the supplied resource between household appliances. Internal wiring lines should be as short as possible.

Pipes in residential buildings can be laid in open and closed ways. The risers are mounted in special shafts or run along the walls of technical rooms.

The pipeline entry into the building is located on the lower floor of the house. The inlet consists of a shut-off valve and a tee for connecting internal wiring. To protect the route from damage in the event of settlement of the foundations, a steel sleeve 3-5 cm larger than the diameter of the water conduit is installed between the pipe and the base.

If the building is equipped with a storage tank, then the water first flows through a vertical riser into a tank installed under the roof of the building, and then disperses to consumers. To increase the pressure in the pipelines, an additional pump is installed after the tank.

All internal wiring must be carried out in accordance with a previously drawn up water supply diagram, on which the installation points of all plumbing fixtures and water intake fittings are marked, indicating the actual distances between connection points.

Popular water supply implementation schemes

Autonomous water supply schemes depend on the purpose of water use and living conditions in the house. Based on these factors, the water supply system is calculated, determining the plan and method of supplying the resource.

Well or hole up to 8 meters deep

If the dacha is not intended for permanent residence, and the water will be used only for irrigation, then it is enough to dig a shallow well or borehole. Such structures are designed for fence process water from high-lying horizons (upper water). It can only be used for agricultural purposes and is not suitable for cooking.

Well or borehole more than 8 meters deep

A well or a well with a depth of more than 8 meters is intended for the extraction of drinking water from sandy and artesian sources. When installing pumping equipment, the workings can be used to supply water to a home in permanent residence conditions.

On the left is a tank with a pumping station, on the right is a tank with gravity water supply.

Container with gravity water supply

The reservoir is a metal or plastic container suspended at the highest point on the resource supply line (under the roof). The chamber is equipped with a float valve that regulates the specified volume of water in the tank.

A shut-off valve or gate valve with an electric drive is mounted on the outlet pipe of the device. When the valve is opened, water flows into the system by gravity. The tank is filled borehole pump or a complex pumping installation.

Tank with pumping station

The storage tank included with the station is used in the case of low pressure in the central water supply system or insufficient well flow. The tank is installed in basement Houses.

To supply water through internal pipelines, a pumping station with instrumentation and control equipment is installed at the outlet of the tank. When the mixing taps inside the premises are opened, the pumping equipment starts and water from the tank is supplied to consumers.