Regular tobacco, samosad or fragrant - all these concepts refer to one plant that is easy to grow in your own area. It is believed that the principle of growing tobacco itself is not so complicated; it is only necessary to devote more time to post-harvest processing or fermentation. But there is no need to be afraid of this either; there is nothing complicated in this work. Especially if you know how to grow garden crops and do the clogging for the winter, then you will cope with the fermentation of tobacco just “excellent”.

What do you need to know before sowing seeds?

Let's first think a little and think about whether this long process of growing a self-garden is so important for you, or is it still better not to waste your personal time and buy a pack or two of cigarettes in the store? No, heavy smokers believe that the efforts are fully justified, the savings on the family budget are obvious, and they don’t spare time and effort for themselves. Moreover, the result will exceed all expectations: the product is pure and tested, there will be no chemicals or additives.

These positive points They prove in the best possible way that it is better for a smoker to smoke a cigarette of his own tobacco than to buy a “tar” cigarette with an admixture of chemicals. Now go ahead, let's learn to grow tobacco together.

Before you begin work, you need to know that the properties of the plant will directly depend on the soil in which it grows. Tobacco adapts to any weather and climatic conditions, only the final result may differ from the original grown in the south of the country. Now it becomes clear that tobacco is a heat-loving plant. Don't worry, there are several varieties of self-gardening that adapt to soil composition and temperature.

Other things to consider before boarding:

1. The composition of the soil directly affects not only the size, but even the color and shape of the leaves.
2. The aroma of tobacco depends on the mineral salts contained in the soil, as well as the level of moisture.
3. If there is not enough air (growing in greenhouses), this affects the taste of the leaves.

A little history

It is difficult to say how many centuries ago humanity discovered the properties of tobacco and the fact that this plant can be smoked. Peru and Bolivia are considered to be the birthplace of the plant. But Europe is indebted to Columbus for bringing this plant and teaching Europeans to smoke.

Currently, this crop is widely cultivated in India, China and North America. In Russia, or rather in former USSR, tobacco was also commonly grown in plantations in countries with warm climate: Moldova, Uzbekistan and Kazakhstan. Currently, in the Transcaucasus, in the outback, people still grow tobacco on their personal plots, as they say, the old fashioned way.

The main requirement for growing this crop is high air temperature. Tobacco loves it when it is hot outside, so the optimal temperature for preserving the juiciness of the leaves and color is +30 o C. The soil is more suitable when moist and light, as well as “loose” with an admixture of sand.

The method of propagating tobacco is using seeds, from which you must first grow seedlings and then plant them in open ground.

Attention! Each of you should know that the stems and leaves of this plant contain nicotine, and there is more of it in the leaves (up to 3%). Nicotine is a toxic substance that can cause euphoria. This condition passes quickly, but there is no need to abuse tobacco smoking. By the way, they use tobacco not only by smoking, but also by chewing, and also sniffing tobacco powder. Natural nicotine is a potent toxic substance that is unsafe for human health.

So is it still necessary to grow tobacco or not? Theoretically, yes, if health problems do not bother you, then you can try growing smoking tobacco yourself. The first advantage is that there is a little space on the plot, the second is simple mathematics. It is known that there is very little tobacco in 1 cigarette, even less than what is indicated on the pack, about 1 g. It turns out that there are only 20 g in a pack. If you smoke a pack of cigarettes a day, then this is already a blow to family budget. Let’s say you have to buy 30 or 31 packs per month, but for a year it turns out to be a large amount. As a result, tobacco will cost practically nothing, and even if you only need 6-8 kg per year, it is not as much as the cost of purchased cigarettes.

If conditions allow, then from just 1 bush you can get up to 30 g of tobacco! And in just 1 acre of land you can grow up to 7 plants! Seedlings are placed at a distance of 20 cm from each other, and large-leaved ones - 30 cm, planting density is 70 by 30 or 70 by 20 cm. If you occupy a plot of 40 m2, you will have to plant a total of 300 seedlings. And yet, if the plant turns out to be concentrated or, as they say, “evil” tobacco, then it will have to be diluted with the stems of the same plant, and this is even more profitable.

Find out which plant varieties are best to plant

If you are among those who dream of harvesting your first tobacco harvest with own plot, then you need to get seeds. Planting material must be purchased at the store. Consultants will offer a choice of several popular varieties tobacco, it could be "Rural" or "Virginia". Let's take a closer look at each type of this plant.

Variety "Virginia" - the taste of the leaves is soft and delicate. This plant variety adapts to any climatic conditions. Elite varieties of tobacco are grown in favorable conditions in Brazil. Process the collected leaves in a simple way: fumigation with smoke.

The “Rural” variety is resistant to changes in weather conditions, the leaf is strong and tart. The aroma is subtle.

There are many more different varieties tobacco, which you can also try to grow at home. Each variety is bred taking into account growing in middle lane Russia. It is very important to consider the area where the tobacco will be grown in order to choose the right variety.

So, you should pay attention to the following types of tobacco:

• “Kubanets Trapezond”, approximately 100 days pass from planting to collecting the last leaf. The content of the main substance – nicotine – is 2.6%;
• "92 Trebizond" - resistant variety tobacco, not afraid of diseases and pests. Short growing season. After planting, 98 days pass and you can start collecting leaves;
• "New Yubileiny" - a short growing season, only 78 days. Standard nicotine content: from 2.0%;
• “85 Samsun” is an intensive variety characterized by a high ripening speed. 105 days pass from planting to the moment of leaf collection. Collection of mature leaves from one bush - up to 50 pcs.;
• “316 Holly” is a late-ripening plant variety, characterized by a low percentage of nicotine content. Average term growing season: 120 days, including the last leaf collection.

Growing fragrant tobacco

To grow tobacco from seeds, you first need to prepare planting material. This is easy to do, this is how we prepare any seeds before planting: we simply soak them in a wet cloth with the addition of an antiseptic (this can be tartaric acid or a little potassium nitrate). Wrap the dry seeds in a cloth soaked in water with the addition of an antiseptic and leave for a day. This method improves the quality of seeds.

After soaking, it is necessary to rinse the planting material, carefully squeeze out excess liquid, place it on a saucer or enamel dishes, and then put it on the windowsill (the place should be warm). From time to time you will have to moisten the cloth with the seeds. Be careful not to allow sprouts to germinate to a length exceeding the size of the grains, otherwise the sprouts will quickly break off and the germination of tobacco will decrease.

After the seeds germinate, they become dry or crumbly. They must be mixed with a special solution (sold in stores) or sand.

Estimated seed planting date: late February or early March. Sowing tobacco seeds is done at home. Watering very carefully so as not to dry out or waterlog the soil, as this negatively affects the aroma of the leaves. We moisten the soil every day, maintaining an optimal moisture level. Room temperature +23-25 ​​o C.

When growing tobacco seedlings, it is very important to apply fertilizing, this can be chicken droppings or mineral fertilizers.

Seedlings ready for planting in open ground reach a height of 15 cm with 6 developed leaves and a strong root system.

7 days before the expected planting date, it is necessary to gradually accustom the seedlings to changes in temperature conditions in order to harden the young plants.

Planting tobacco seedlings

It is very important when growing tobacco from seeds to choose right place for landing. Choose an area where there is no stagnation of moisture or draft. Fertilize the soil and loosen it thoroughly. The following fertilizers are suitable: manure or compost. Be sure to remove weeds from the area before planting.

Rules for planting tobacco:

1. The timing of planting seedlings is the end of April and inclusive until the end of May. Just these months are the most favorable time, because the frost is already behind us.
2. Seedlings need to be planted keeping a distance of 20 cm. We will leave a gap of 70 cm between the rows so that each plant develops fully and the leaves are large.
3. After planting tobacco seedlings, pour 1 liter of water into each hole.
4. Side shoots and inflorescences must be broken off during planting.
5. The first feeding is immediately after planting with a mixture of slurry and superphosphates. You can also use water with the addition of sulfur powder.
6. When you see the first inflorescences, treat each bush with tincture of onion skins or water infused with garlic.
7. After 7 days, you need to repeat treating the plants with onion tincture, and after another week - the last time. Then you can ensure that the tobacco grows fragrant.

About pests and diseases

Tobacco has many “fans”, so it is necessary to take timely protective measures to preserve the harvest.

Common tobacco pests:

• “Peach”, tobacco or greenhouse aphid is the most terrible pest for this plant. It affects many crops, including wild ones. Aphids suck all the juices out of the plant, reducing the quality of the crop;
• “Black leg” - affects en masse all seedlings, affecting the base of the stem. A dark or light coating appears on the surface affected by the pest. Pathogens for a long time may remain in the soil;
• “Mosaic” - the distinctive properties of this pest are visible to the naked eye: light spots appear on the plant. Over time, these affected leaves die;

• “Powdery mildew” - spots appear on the leaves that resemble cobwebs. The powdery coating gradually becomes continuous, affecting the tops of the plants;
• “Root black rot” - this pest tends to attack young plants, but also mature plant. The leaves gradually fade, white spots with black dots form on the roots;
• “Bacterial grouse” - the tips of young leaves on seedlings and young plants become covered with oily or wet spots. If it is humid outside, the plant gradually dies.

Proper harvesting

Growing tobacco at home is an interesting activity. Gradually you have mastered the intricacies of growing seedlings, and now it is time to harvest. First you need to break off the lower leaves from each adult plant. The collected leaves must be spread in 1 layer in the sun and left for 2 days. Then transfer the leaves to a dark room with high humidity. Leave the leaves to dry for a whole month. To maintain a certain level of humidity in the room, you can place a container of water in the room where tobacco leaves are dried and monitor the level.

Be careful when picking tobacco. The fact is that each bush consists of 4 tiers and the leaves of each tier ripen gradually. Therefore, each time you collect, you need to sign harvested so as not to get confused. The break between harvesting is 2 weeks. Collecting leaves now is from the top down. The top leaves will be the most valuable.

How to ferment tobacco

Proper drying of the leaves is already half the success. There will be very little left to achieve the final result and smoke the long-awaited cigarette of tobacco grown with your own hands. Don't rush to improve quality collected material, it is necessary to perform a fermentation procedure. You can do this yourself at home. But you will have to try hard for this.

A special cabinet is needed to process leaves. You can make it yourself from an old refrigerator. Place the thermostat inside and a heating element. Remember that each type of tobacco different technology fermentation.

What is fermentation? This difficult process processing of collected raw materials during high temperature(+50 o C) for 2-3 weeks.

Why is complex fermentation necessary? To get rid of excess strength, that is, to reduce the nicotine content, remove tar and improve taste.

If it is not possible to build a special cabinet for drying leaves, accelerated fermentation is allowed. Place the crushed leaves in the oven (temperature no higher than +60 o C).

The finished tobacco can be crushed and stored in linen bags, protected from moisture. They smoke home-grown tobacco in a pipe and wrap the cigarettes using special paper (sold in stores).

Now you know how to grow tobacco at home. Good luck in your endeavors!

Growing Marlboro

Tobacco, compared to shag, is more demanding of heat. It can be grown south of 55° north parallel. Makhorka is more unpretentious. It grows well from the Arctic to the southern regions of Russia.

A smoker consumes an average of 7.5-8.0 kg of tobacco per year. In favorable conditions, 0.01 ha can produce 30-40 kg of dry tobacco leaves. The weight of one dry leaf is 0.8-1.5 g. 25-33 technically mature leaves are formed on the plant per season.

The following varieties of tobacco are cultivated in Russia: Ostrolist 215, Yubileiny, Trepezond 219, Trepezond 15, shag - M. Pekhlets 4, AS 18/7, Pekhlets local, Datura local.

The duration of the period from planting seedlings to harvesting for tobacco is 100-135 days, for shag - 70-80. It takes 40-45 days to force seedlings. The seed sowing rate per 1 square meter is 0.3-0.4 g. For 0.01 hectares, 0.7 square meters of a greenhouse or greenhouse are required, from this area you can get 800-900 plants. At home, seedlings are grown in flower pots and wooden boxes, placing them on sunny windows.

4-5 days before sowing, the seeds are soaked in water or in a 0.01 percent solution of tartaric acid or in a 1.0 percent solution of potassium nitrate for 24 hours at a temperature of 25-27 ° C. This accelerates seed germination and reduces the time forcing seedlings for 5-7 days, in addition, the yield of seedlings increases by 15-20 percent. The solution consumption rate is 3 ml per 1 g of seeds. After 24 hours, the seeds are removed from the solution, washed, excess water is removed and, when wet, placed in a layer of 2-3 centimeters in an enamel or earthenware container. They are covered with a damp cloth on top and placed for germination (at a temperature of 27 ° C) in a thermostat or in a bright, heated and well-ventilated room. The seeds need to be periodically moistened and stirred 4-5 times a day to allow air to enter. Usually on the 3-4th day the seeds hatch and sprouts appear in the form of white dots. You should not allow the formation of a sprout longer than the seed, as such sprouts easily break off and die.

The hatched seeds are dried until they flow, mixed with well-disinfected sand, humus or a nutrient mixture, sifted through a screen with 0.25-centimeter mesh and sown in greenhouses. If germinated seeds cannot be sown immediately, they are stored in a room with an air temperature of +1 ... + 2 ° C (in the basement, in the refrigerator).

On 1 square meter of greenhouse, 0.13 cubic meters of nutrient mixture are prepared, including 0.02 cubic meter powder with the ratio of components: 50% humus, 25% earth, and 25% sand (the powder consists of 75% humus and 25% sand). The thickness of the nutrient layer is 8-10 centimeters. Sowing dates are the third ten days of February - the first ten days of March. When sowing 1 bucket of powder, take 3-4 g of tobacco seeds (or 15-20 g of shag seeds) per 10 square meters greenhouse The planting depth of tobacco seeds is 0.3-0.5 centimeters, shag seeds - 0.7-0.8 centimeters. Before and after sowing seeds and sprinkling them, the surface of the greenhouses is watered (water consumption 1 liter per square meter).

After sowing, monitor soil moisture. Before the “cross” phase, seedlings are watered once a day with 1 liter per square meter, before the “ear” phase – 2-3 liters per square meter, after the “ear” phase – 3-5 liters per square meter. The temperature in the nurseries from sowing to the “cross” phase is 23-25° C, in subsequent phases – 20° C. During the growing period, the seedlings are sprinkled 3-4 times and fed. Solution mineral fertilizers for feeding seedlings, prepare at the rate of: per 10 liters of water - 30 g ammonium nitrate, 50-60 g of superphosphate and 20 g of potassium sulfate or 20 g of 40 percent potassium salt. Fertilizing is carried out using a watering can with a nozzle with small holes (0.25 cm) consumption - 10 liters of solution per 4-5 square meters of nursery.

From organic fertilizer It is better to use an infusion of chicken manure (10 liters of water per 1 kg of manure). Leave it for 10-12 days to ferment, stirring occasionally. The fermented mass is filtered. Add water to the solution - 4-5 parts water for 1 part liquid.

7-8 days before planting, seedlings are hardened and the number of waterings is reduced, and 2-3 days before planting, watering is stopped completely. This hardening increases the resistance of plants to unfavorable conditions in open ground, promotes better survival and rapid rooting of plants. The stem of a well-hardened seedling does not break when you wrap it around your finger.

2-3 hours before sampling, the seedlings are watered abundantly. It is not advisable to select seedlings in bunches, since such sampling removes many underdeveloped plants. You should pull out one plant at a time, grabbing the two most developed leaves.

For planting, take seedlings 14-16 centimeters high with 5-6 developed leaves (not counting cotyledons), a stem thickness of 0.3-0.5 centimeters with a well-developed root system. Seedlings are planted in the ground when the danger has passed. spring frosts, and the soil temperature at a depth of 10 centimeters is set to about 10 degrees.

The approximate time for planting tobacco is from April 20 to May 25. Optimal planting density for large-leaved varieties tobacco (Holly 215, Yubileiny) 70ґ 30 centimeters, for medium-leaved (Trepezond 19, Trepezond 219) and all varieties of shag - 70ґ 20 centimeters. When planting along a previously prepared furrow, holes are made at a distance of 30 centimeters for tobacco and 20 centimeters for shag. 0.5 liters of water is poured into each hole, and the seedlings are laid out along the furrow with the leaves to the left of the planter. The planter deepens the hole with his right hand, with his left hand he places the seedlings vertically into it, presses the moist soil to the roots and sprinkles dry soil on top to reduce moisture evaporation. For better survival and rapid growth, the roots of the seedlings are dipped in a mullein solution, which is prepared from fresh cow manure and an equal amount of clay of a creamy consistency. Excess solution is shaken off and the roots are generously sprinkled with finely sifted humus mixed with granulated superphosphate in a ratio of 4:1.

During the growing season of plants, the soil is regularly loosened, weed removal, fertilizing, watering, disease control. In flowering plants, the inflorescences are broken off (the top) and the side shoots are cut off (stepchildren). Depending on soil moisture, 2-3 waterings are carried out. The approximate watering rate is 6-8 liters of water per plant.

A 0.3% solution of polycarbacin or a 0.4% suspension of zineb (5 liters of solution per 0.01 ha) is used against peronosporosis. When aphids appear, plants are sprayed with actelik (20-30 g per 10 liters of water) or rogor (10-20 g per 10 liters of water).

Tobacco leaves are removed, starting from the lower tiers, as they turn yellow (by 1/3 of the blade) in 5-6 steps. They should not be harvested in an unripe or overripe state, wet from dew or rain. The broken leaves are laid out in the shade in a layer of 30 centimeters, after 12-14 hours, when they are wilted, they begin to fasten the leaves on cords and hang them in a drying structure (greenhouse boguns, canopies). Do not dry leaves in the rain or strong wind. Solar drying lasts 15-17 days and produces the final raw material. In cloudy weather, the leaves dry slowly and the raw material turns out dark.

Dried tobacco is removed carefully. Cords with tobacco are folded in four and 5-6 cords are attached to a specially prepared hook. Such a garland of cords with tobacco is called gavanka. Havankas are hung on poles placed in the storage room.

In autumn, the leaves are removed from the cords, smoothed with your hands, and placed in bundles.

Fermented tobacco is used to make high-quality cigarettes. Fermentation can be done at home. Approximate mode: tobacco is heated in a container for 2-3 days to 50°C with an air humidity of 60-65°. After which (the temperature remains constant - 50 ° C) the air humidity is increased to 70-75% for 5-6 days. Then, over 48 hours, the temperature is gradually reduced, and the relative humidity is increased to 75-80%. Next, the tobacco is cooled to a temperature of 20-25 ° C with a humidity of no less than 11% and no more than 16%. Refrigerate the tobacco for 2-3 days. Then it is laid down for 25-30 days.

Tobacco is cut into fibers 0.5-0.7 mm wide. The length of the cigarettes is 70-85 mm, the diameter is 8 mm. Tobacco consumption per cigarette is 0.8-1.1 g. To obtain high-quality cigarettes, a mixture of various tobaccos is required.

S. CHERKASOV, Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, Head of the Laboratory of Seed Production and Seed Science of NPO "Tabak"

Due to geographical location In our state, tobacco for cigars and cigarettes can be grown in open ground only in the southern regions. In other areas, greenhouse structures will definitely be needed for this purpose. However, shag shows excellent growth and yield in all regions of Russia, Ukraine and the CIS, not counting the regions of the Far North.

Not so long ago, for many families, growing tobacco on their plots and then selling it was a good business. Fragrant sweet clover was hung in the samosad as an aromatic additive and was quite routinely placed at market outlets.

This enrichment option gained enormous popularity in the dashing nineties. Makhorka acquired crowds of fans against the backdrop of a shortage and the enormous cost of tobacco products. But over time, smoking tobacco was eliminated from the market due to fierce competition from cigarette manufacturers.

Although today the market is simply inundated with a wide variety of tobacco products, due to their low quality and steadily rising prices, everything more people pay attention to tobacco cultivation as a source of stable income.

And accordingly, before starting any business, it is worth learning more about its specifics and pitfalls, if any. This article will address issues related to the profitability of this enterprise and discuss organizational issues.
First of all, let's talk about the method of growing tobacco for smoking and some essential aspects of this matter, which are focused on our climatic conditions.

In the matter of nurturing smoking tobacco The first violin is played by the climate of the region in which you plan to develop your business. Please note that a very small number of varieties have been tested in the climate of our latitude, so purchasing varieties must be approached very practically.

So, the following varieties of tobacco for smoking showed good yields and resistance to climate change:

Trapezond 219.

Anniversary.

Holly 215.

Trapezond 15.

And well-acclimatized shag varieties:

Pehlets is local.

Pehlec 4.

Datura 4.

It has been noticed that the varieties “Kentucky Burley” and “Ternopilsky 14” are in greater and greater demand. Regarding the variety “Ternopilsky 14”, it was purposefully sectioned for cultivation in the climatic zone of Eastern Europe. It has a rich aroma. The Kentucky Burley variety is also adapted to the climatic conditions of our latitudes. This variety contains very little sugar, so the leaves are not fermented. Once dry, the raw material can be steamed and scored for use.

Tobacco production requires the strictest curing technological process. Otherwise, you risk losing the precious aroma of the product and incurring financial losses.
Smoking tobacco and shag are grown using very similar technology. The key discrepancy is the rate of seedling maturation. Shag grows almost twice as fast as tobacco. The ripening period for a shag seedling is 70-80 days, and a tobacco seedling ripens in 100-120 days. Seeds of the selected varieties are not planted in open ground; they are planted in specially prepared boxes or flowerpots. Which are located on the southern windows of the living space. This option is acceptable if the volume of planted plants does not exceed the capacity of the well-lit surface of the room. Most often, greenhouses are used to germinate tobacco or shag seeds. It takes 40-45 days for the seeds to sprout and be planted in the ground.

Seeds require preliminary preparation. A day or two before sowing, the seeds are immersed in diluted tartaric acid for 24 hours. The room temperature should not fall below 25 degrees. The solution should be in a ratio of 3 milliliters per 1 gram of seeds. This process speeds up seed development by about seven days and increases germination productivity by 20 percent.

After 24 hours, the seeds are removed from the solution and, after drying a little, placed in an enamel or ceramic container. The seeds should cover the bottom of the container by 30 millimeters. The seeds remain in this container for several days. The seeds must be mixed at least five times a day and not allowed to dry out. Optimal temperature in the room with seeds should be at least 27 degrees.

The soil in the greenhouse should consist of three-quarters humus and one-fourth sand. This mixture should reach 10 centimeters in depth. Tobacco seeds should be sown at a rate of 4 grams per 10 square meters. Shag is sown more densely, about 20 grams per the same area. A smoking tobacco seed is deepened three millimeters into the soil, and a shag seed 7 millimeters.

Sowing of prepared seeds is carried out approximately last days February or early March. Accordingly, to ensure that the future harvest does not simply freeze, greenhouses need to be heated. On average, a greenhouse occupies up to five square meters. This is an insignificant area for a vegetable garden.

Cultivation of seedlings

Before and after planting seeds in the greenhouse soil, mandatory watering is required. Water consumption is calculated: 1 square meter equals 1 liter of water. In the future, after greater growth of sprouts, watering is calculated at 4 liters per 1 square meter. In parallel with the increase in watering, the temperature in the greenhouse decreases from 27 degrees to 20. Seedlings should be fertilized at least three times during the entire growth period. Fertilizer of the greenhouse soil is carried out with a solution: 30 g of saltpeter, 50 g of superphosphate, 20 g of potassium salt per 10 liters of water. one meter of soil requires processing 2 liters of the resulting mixture. A solution of chicken manure, pre-treated and diluted with water to a consistency of 1:7, is also used. Seven days before planting the sprouts in open ground, watering is reduced. 3 days before picking, the seedlings are not irrigated at all. A hardened plant does not break when bent; its stem remains elastic. To make it easier to remove seedlings from the soil, greenhouses water abundantly immediately before transplanting. The plant is ready for planting in open ground if it has reached 15 cm, and its stem in cross section is equal to or exceeds 5 millimeters. There should also be a couple of developed leaves on the stem.

1. Planting of seedlings is carried out around mid-April and until mid-May or when the ground reaches 10 degrees at a depth of 10 centimeters from the surface.
2. The sprouts are planted in rows at a distance of 70 cm and the distance of sprout from sprout is 30 cm. A depression is made in the soil into which half a liter of water is poured. Root system The sprout is immersed in a solution of cow dung and clay.
3. The space between the rows requires loosening. Weeds must be removed, and the sprout itself must be fed with a special solution.
4. Planted sprouts are watered no more than three times during the entire growth period. The amount of liquid consumed is eight liters per plant.
5. Planting of the plant begins with the start of flowering.

Control of plant diseases

Tobacco is susceptible to the following diseases:
Downy mildew. The fight against this disease is carried out by treating plants with a solution of 0.4 percent zineb, about five liters per 10 acres, or a 0.3 percent mixture of polycarbacin.
Aphid. This disease requires treatment of plants with rogor or telik.

The collection of tobacco leaves begins with those closest to the ground. Suitable for collection are yellow, dry and whole leaves. The collected leaves are laid out under a canopy. Apply a layer of thirty centimeters for 12 hours. This is done in order to cause the leaf to wilt. The leaves are then strung on cords and hung to dry. The place for drying is selected based on the following parameters: absence of exposure to wind and rain, but presence large quantity sunlight. If there are direct sun rays tobacco leaves evaporate moisture faster. This process may take up to 14 days. A garland of dried leaves is folded in four and hung on a specially equipped hook. This design is called “havanka”. After this, the gavanki are placed on the crossbars for the subsequent drying process, which takes place indoors. Around autumn, dried tobacco leaves are placed in piles. Having previously smoothed out all the folds.

To give special aroma Cigarette tobacco is fermented. Dried tobacco leaves are placed in a specially designed container and the temperature is increased to 50 degrees at relative humidity air at 65 percent. The leaves stay in this container for up to three days. Then, for seven days, the humidity in the container is raised to 75 percent, and the temperature is left unchanged. Next, over two days the temperature is reduced and the humidity is brought to 80 percent. AND the final stage is the cooling of tobacco leaves to a temperature environment, while their humidity should be 11-16 percent.
After all the manipulations described above, the tobacco leaves need so-called resting for 1 month. After this period, the leaves are chopped into strips of 0.5 mm. An 8 cm cigarette with a diameter of 8 mm requires one gram of tobacco to fill.
It is generally accepted that tobacco is of high quality if it consists of not only one type of tobacco, but at least two. Regarding shag, its aroma is improved with the help of fragrant clover. This was discussed above.

Let's make a preliminary calculation of profitability for tobacco cultivation. Land plot Let's define it as 10 acres. To sow a meter square, approximately 0.4 grams of seeds are required. Based on this, 400 grams are needed to sow 1000 square meters. The Virginia variety in retail sales is valued at 1,900 rubles per gram, and shag is 1,500 rubles for the same gram. Based on this, in order to sow 10 acres of space, you should purchase tobacco seeds for 760,000 rubles, and shag seeds for 600,000 rubles. The yield of tobacco per hectare is approximately 2-3 tons, which means that from 10 acres it is 200-300 kilograms, and shag - 300-400 kilograms.

Wholesale sales of shag amount to 400-500 rubles per kilogram. Thus, the gross income from sales will be equal to 200,000 rubles. Let's subtract the costs of seeds and get 140,000 rubles in net income.

Tobacco for cigarettes requires increased care and, accordingly, when selling it, the requirements for it are higher, but the cost is the same.

Wholesale price for unpackaged tobacco, good quality can be equal to 2000 rubles per kilogram. In this situation, gross income will be equal to 60,000 rubles, and net profit will be equal to 524,000 rubles.

Sales of products

This type of business requires a well-established sales scheme for goods. Retail will seriously increase profitability even with small production volumes. It is not necessary to sell tobacco directly in the store; you can sell it through the World Wide Web.

The sale of tobacco products is strictly controlled by law. Therefore, it would be useful to get advice from a lawyer, with whose assistance you can collect the required documents.

Bottom line

Please note that when calculating income, drying and greenhouse costs were not taken into account. In a heated attic you can manipulate the seeds. This process will not be so expensive financially, how much labor-intensive. A heated attic will do a great job as a dryer for leaves.

Regarding the costs of approval mixtures. The calculation uses the lowest yield, so the amount of fertilizer applied does not add up to a large number.