Fertilizing trees in the spring is one of the main activities aimed at ensuring good growth trees and increase their productivity. At correct use fertilizer yield can be increased by 50-100% without deteriorating the quality of the fruit.

fertilizers not only supply the trees with nutrients, but also improve physiochemical properties soil and increase its fertility. The effectiveness of fertilizers increases if they are used in combination with other agrotechnical measures. Wherein great importance has the presence of moisture in the soil, without which fertilizers can even harm.

When fertilizing should be considered biological features individual tree species, primarily their winter hardiness, the need for individual elements nutrition at different age periods and during the growing season. Both at a young and at a productive age, trees need more nitrogen and potassium, less - phosphorus. These basic nutrients are taken out of the soil at a ratio of approximately 3:3:1.

With the age of the trees and the increase in yield, the level of removal nutrients increases. Every year, fruit-bearing trees are taken out of the soil with an area of ​​100 square meters. m for 0.9-1.2 kg of nitrogen, 0.9-1 kg of potassium and 0.3-0.4 kg of phosphorus. These losses must be replenished by fertilization.

The amount of nitrogen and phosphorus is directly dependent on the amount of humus, and the amount of potassium is related to the mechanical composition of the soil. On sandy soils, the last element is much less than on clay and dry soils. clay soils.

What kind of fertilizer do fruit trees need in spring?

The need for batteries varies significantly from fruit trees during the growing season. In early spring and at the beginning of the growing season, plants need primarily potassium, a little less nitrogen and phosphorus are required at this time. During the flowering period and after it, during the intensive growth of shoots and the formation of fruits, there is a maximum need for nitrogen and phosphorus nutrition. In the second half of the growing season, when growth processes slow down, the need for potassium nutrition increases, which contributes to better maturation of growths and an increase in winter hardiness of trees.

In order to create optimal conditions for the growth, development and fruiting of trees in the garden, it is necessary to combine the introduction of organic and mineral fertilizers.

It is advisable to ensure that they are applied in a ratio of 1: 1, that is, one half of the norm of nutrients is provided by organic fertilizers, and the second - by mineral fertilizers. With a high content of humus in the soil, as well as with the use of irrigation, mineral fertilizers are preferred.

If there is a sufficient amount of organic fertilizers containing all the necessary nutrients, mineral fertilizers can be omitted. In this case, the most favorable nutritional regime is created, the soil structure improves, and the activity of beneficial microbiological processes increases.

Fertilization has the maximum effect when these substances enter the zone of activity of the active root system of fruit trees. This is especially true for slow-moving fertilizers, which for the most part remain in the application zone. Based on such features, phosphorus, potash and organic fertilizers should be applied in the fall for digging.

nitrogen fertilizers, especially in the nitrate form, are more mobile, and on light sandy soils during the growing season they can be washed to a depth of 100 cm or more, so they are recommended to be applied in spring and summer when top dressing. Nitrogen fertilizers in ammonia and amide forms, especially on loamy and clay soils, can be applied partially (25-30%) from autumn, the rest - in early spring. In young gardens, it is advisable to fertilize the soil in near-trunk circles or strips, in older ones - over the entire area.

Fertilizer rates depend primarily on the type of soil, the age and productivity of trees, and the availability of irrigation. If during the planting of trees a sufficient amount of organic and mineral fertilizers is applied, then in the first 2-3 years only nitrogen fertilizers are used at the rate of 6-9 g active substance per 1 sq. m of the standard strip or circle. This means, for example, that ammonium nitrate, which contains 34-35% nitrogen, must be added up to 27 g, synthetic urea (46% nitrogen) - 18-20 g.

The rates of application of mineral fertilizers in older orchards in different soil-climatic zones of Ukraine on different types of soils (in g of active ingredient per 1 sq. m of fertilized area) are given in the table.

In the forest-steppe and steppe when irrigated, the norms of mineral fertilizers can be increased by 20-30%. When the soil is kept under turfing with perennial grasses or grown in the aisles of other crops, their rate is increased by another 20%.

organic fertilizers in young and fruitful plantations, it should be applied once every 2-4 years at the rate of 3-6 kg (depending on the age of the trees) per 1 sq. m of fertilized area.

It should be noted that fertilizer rates given in the table are indicative. They need to be updated every 3-5 years, in accordance with the data of the chemical analysis of the soil and leaves, carried out in the agrochemical laboratory. If there is no opportunity for such studies, then the fertilizer rates are specified depending on the condition of the trees, their growth and yield.

The calculated rate of fertilizer can be applied in autumn and early spring, and partially - during the growing season in the form of top dressing. However, one should not abuse the amount of fertilizers, since their excess negatively affects the winter hardiness of trees, the quality and storage of fruits.

Allocate root top dressing when fertilizers are applied directly to the soil, and foliar, when fertilizers dissolved in water
spray trees during the growing season. Foliar top dressing is often combined with spraying trees with pesticides.

Root top dressing are most effective when the soil is sufficiently moist. They are carried out during the period of precipitation or during irrigation. For this, organic and mineral fertilizers are used, which are highly soluble in water. Most often, bird droppings are used for root dressings in the amount of 100-120 g per 1 sq. m, diluted with water 8-10 times, manure - up to 500 g per 1 sq. m, diluted with water 4-5 times.

Root feeding of plants with mineral fertilizers is also effective at the rate of 3-4 g of active ingredient per 1 sq. m, diluted with water 10-20 times. For top dressing, mainly urea, potassium salt, potassium sulfate are used. Superphosphate is poorly soluble in water, so it is better to make it in the fall for digging.

Foliar top dressing carried out, as a rule, with microelements in small concentrations. Most often, zinc sulfate, iron complexes (chelates), iron sulfate, boric acid, copper sulfate, manganese sulfate, ammonium molybdenum, etc.

Trees in the garden consume a huge amount of nutrients from the soil. This is especially true for adults and actively fruiting. It is imperative to fertilize the garden in the spring if you want to reap a bountiful harvest.

Natural reserves in the soil and filling mixtures in landing pits exhausted in 2-3 years, so it is necessary to fertilize twice a year.

Tree fertilizers

• Nitrogen: ammonium nitrate and carbamide (popularly urea).
• Organics: chicken, rabbit, quail droppings, mullein, horse dung, humus, biohumus.
• sodium humate.

Top dressing of fruit trees in the garden is carried out in autumn and spring. And the main one is autumn.

Feeding trees in spring before bud break

Trees need nitrogen in early spring. Suitable urea, ammonium nitrate, and if the soil is poor, you can use complex fertilizers. Dissolve a tablespoon of fertilizer in a bucket of water and pour over.

For young tree one bucket will suffice. And for adult plants need 3-4 buckets. We make a hole around the tree at a distance of 50-100 cm from the trunk with a depth of 15 cm. Pour several buckets of water into it, and then a solution of nitrogen fertilizer.

Before flowering trees are fertilized with organic infusion. Pour a bucket of mullein with 3 buckets of water, leave for a week. A liter of infusion is diluted in a bucket of water and poured into the hole around the tree.

Consumption also depends on the age of the tree and the condition of the soil. As a rule, this is 2-3 buckets per trunk circle.

If there is no organic matter, then you can use a complex mineral fertilizer to feed the garden in the spring. Doses according to the instructions.

How to feed the garden in the spring with urea

Watering with nitrogen fertilizers and organic infusion is very time consuming, especially if the garden is large. A good alternative is to spray the garden with urea (urea). Several treatments are needed.

The first - as soon as the snow melts, on a sunny windless day at an air temperature of at least +5. Dosage: 700 grams of urea + 50 grams blue vitriol to a bucket of water.

Urea performs 3 functions:

1. Gives a good start to the tree in the form of fertilizing with nitrogen.
2. Protects against aphids, flower beetles and other pests.
3. Delays vegetation by 1-2 weeks.

The advantage of delaying bud break is that they will bloom later, which means they will not suffer from late spring frosts. Spray the trees with urea generously so that the branches are well wet. The trunk circle must also be treated with this solution in order to destroy overwintered pests.

Second time treat the trees with urea a week after flowering, but already without copper sulfate and in a light concentration (a tablespoon in a bucket of water).

Third time- when the fruits are tied. This helps to increase the size of the fruit and minimizes. Dosage: a tablespoon of carbamide (urea) per 10 liters.

Feeding trees with humate

During the period of fruit filling, spraying the crown with sodium humate gives a good effect. To prepare the solution, you need to take 20 g of fertilizer (a teaspoon), pour a liter hot water and mix thoroughly until completely dissolved.

You will get a dark brown liquid slurry. It is bred in 30 liters of water and the entire crown is sprayed. It is more convenient to divide the gruel into three equal parts and dilute in a bucket of water.

In August, for the effective laying of fruit buds, it is necessary to treat the trees with a solution of superphosphate (100 grams per bucket of water). You need to spray in the evening after sunset.

Everyone, even an inexperienced gardener, knows that orchard needs feeding. Fruitful trees grow well and develop only on fertile soils. Over time, the amount of useful substances in the earth decreases significantly. In this situation, periodic top dressing can increase fertility, as well as improve the vegetative processes of garden trees.

When to fertilize your garden

Sometimes from some gardeners you can hear that top dressing is carried out only in the spring. But in order to evenly obtain useful and necessary components for plants, this should be done throughout the year, excluding only the winter period.

1. Spring top dressing
   When the heat comes, the plants begin to wake up. It is at this time that spring feeding plays an important role in the growth and productivity of trees. These actions are carried out in order to actively grow plantings. Properly selected fertilizer composition allows plants to actively grow and produce new shoots. Accordingly, the future harvest directly depends on the quantity, as well as the quality of the branches on the tree.
2. summer top dressing
   In summer, such care is no less important than in early spring. The maximum amount of time for fruit trees should be given at the end of June. Here top dressing is important in terms of the fact that it is in summer that the fruits begin to actively ripen and pour. The main thing is not to be late, because do it after the middle of the second summer month almost useless now.
3. Autumn top dressing
   In the fall, top dressing is done to improve soil properties. The root nutrition of trees saturates them with the necessary trace elements and minerals. Mineral and complex mixtures are suitable for such top dressing. But it is important to remember that they should be applied before the soil freezes.

Garden food: fertilizers

To feed the garden, mineral and organic compounds are used.

How to improve productivity?

We are constantly getting letters in which amateur gardeners worry that due to the cold summer this year bad harvest potatoes, tomatoes, cucumbers, and other vegetables. Last year we published TIPS about this. But unfortunately, many did not listen, but some still applied. Here is a report from our reader, we want to advise plant growth biostimulantswhich will help increase the yield by up to 50-70%.

Read...

Mineral compositions

To minerals relate:

• phosphoric;
• potassium;
• nitrogen.

Phosphoric

Most gardeners prefer superphosphate proven over the years. This is a granular product containing 48% phosphorus. This composition is introduced into the soil in the fall during the digging of the soil, since phosphorus helps well in the formation of the root system.

When fertilizing in spring, phosphorus helps to increase the number of flower buds. It acts as a stimulant for the formation of fruits.

For quick assimilation of phosphorus substances, they are best used in liquid form. Just pre-soak in water for three days.

Potash

Potassium helps trees fight pests and withstand adverse weather factors such as frost and drought. It can also be noted that potassium top dressing helps trees effectively resist fungal diseases.

These formulations should be used in small doses, but regularly. After all, when the weather is rainy, they are quickly washed out. Potassium substances are best applied in combination with phosphorus.

Nitrogen

With the help of nitrogen components, vegetation is activated. This contributes to the active growth of plantings. They are used mainly in the spring. After feeding, leaves and young shoots grow well.

The most common substances containing nitrogen are:

• saltpeter;
• azophoska;
• urea.

Organic Compounds

Feeding with organic compounds is the simplest and most accessible. These include:

• manure;
• ash;
• bird droppings.

How to fertilize a garden

If you do not follow the rules of use, then this can adversely affect the growth and fruiting of plants. And large doses can completely destroy the plant.

For feeding, there are several ways:

• solid mixtures are scattered on trunk circles, and then loosen the earth;
• solution from liquid fertilizer water the trunk circle;
• foliar top dressing is the spraying of trees diluted in water with compounds.

Top dressing of trees in spring is carried out with nitrogen, organic matter and combined mixtures.

AT summer period it is necessary to use nitrogen-containing compounds that contribute to the rapid saturation of trees with essential trace elements.


For autumn top dressing, mineral and complex mixtures are used. You can use organic fertilizers in small doses. Nitrogen is not recommended during this period of the year.

Every gardener must understand that in order to get good harvest The garden needs a lot of care and attention. Feeding the garden in this situation is an important part. But you always need to observe the measure, choose substances depending on the type of soil, follow the instructions for use. Only then the gardener will have a good result.

What top dressing to choose for garden trees

And a little about the secrets of the Author

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Fertilizing the garden in spring important element fruit tree care. Even if your garden grows on fertile soils, he needs additional feeding to a greater or lesser extent.
For a garden to grow and bear fruit, energy is needed. It enters the tissues of trees and shrubs in the form of various compounds of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and many trace elements. During the peto (vegetation period) with leaves and fruits, a lot of these so-called biogenic elements are taken out and it is necessary to replenish their supply. Therefore, various fertilizers should be applied annually.
It is better to do this in early spring, before the buds open and the plants begin to live.

Fertilizing fruit trees in spring

Top dressing is very an important factor in the life of young fruit trees, urine, slurry, bird and / or cow droppings are well suited for this. When we bring in slurry and urine, we dilute it with 5-6 parts, and feces and bird droppings with 10-12 parts of water, spending one bucket per 1 m2. Mineral fertilizers can be applied in two types: liquid and dry, this is up to you, but do not forget if you apply dry fertilizers, do not forget to water the trees after the procedures. In early spring, when you are digging your fruit trees, you need to apply 2/3 of your fertilizer dose. In summer, top dressing can be carried out, but only to those trees that clearly need it (they look weak compared to others). We will produce the second top dressing already during the period of increased shoot growth, a month after that we do the third.
A preference spring top dressing the garden should be given away because, in this case, the introduced nutrients are not bound by the soil and are not consumed by weeds, but through the roots they enter directly into the body of fruit trees and berry bushes.
When the soil dries out, all work in the garden should be aimed at creating favorable flowering conditions.

In the spring, near-stem circles of fruit trees are first fertilized with mineral fertilizers, mainly nitrogen fertilizers, provided that organic, phosphorus and potash fertilizers are applied in the fall. In the event that the garden was not fertilized in autumn, in April it is necessary to use complex mineral fertilizers containing three elements necessary for the good development of plants - nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium.
For young gardens, the following fertilizer composition is recommended: 20 g urea, 30 g granulated superphosphate, 15 g of potassium chloride per sq. m. If the soil is poor, then the doses of phosphorus and potash fertilizers can be doubled. Nitrogen fertilizers stimulate the growth of green mass, phosphorus is responsible for the development and strengthening of the root system, and potassium ensures the formation of flowers and fruits.

When do you start fertilizing your garden in spring?

Top dressing begins in March - early April: fertilizers, together with melting snow, are absorbed into the soil and easily reach the root system during the awakening of the orchard.
Fertilizers are applied to trunk circles with a diameter of 1.5 m, evenly spreading 1-2 handfuls (30-40 g) of nitroammophoska or other complex fertilizer granules under bushes and young trees, and under mature trees - 3-5 handfuls over the entire projection of the crown. Then, with a garden pitchfork or a shovel, they are embedded in the soil to a depth of 10-12 cm over the entire near-trunk area. At the same time, the shovel and pitchfork are placed with an edge towards the trunk, along the roots extending from the trunk.
The first five years, fertilizers are applied to the near-trunk circle. Then the application zone is expanded, scattering them around the tree along the projection of the crown. Close up fertilizers in the soil so as not to damage the roots: at the trunk - smaller, on the periphery - deeper.
Both dry and liquid mineral fertilizers, if they are applied not on snow, require well-moistened soil - root system Plants can only absorb nutrients dissolved in water. It is also advisable to spray the plants abundantly to avoid burns. Feeding should be carried out in the evening or in rainy, cloudy weather.

In the spring-summer period, it is necessary to provide plants high level nutrition with all the necessary elements, and especially nitrogen, to increase the activity of flowering, fruit set, rapid growth of shoots, the formation of crops and fruit buds. It must be remembered that the flowering phase and the initial growth of the shoots largely depend on the nutrient reserves available in the plant.
One of the types of top dressing can be called the usual organic mulch (peat, manure, crushed bark, rotted leaves, straw), which, decomposing, increases the fertile soil layer under the plant. The thickness of the mulch should be at least 10-12 cm around the entire perimeter of the crown. Such top dressing will be especially effective if mineral fertilizers are added to it. Mulching will help retain moisture in the soil, keep weeds down and maintain temperature regime near-trunk soils.
In addition to fertilizing the soil, foliar top dressing is often used in the garden - spraying fruit crops solution of mineral fertilizers and growth regulators. For example, a 0.2% solution of urea (2 g per 1 liter of water) is used to spray trees. During the flowering of fruit trees and berry bushes, you can dissolve a little honey in water and spray the trees to attract bees that pollinate flowers, the same can be done when growing cucumbers in open field or vegetables in a greenhouse.
Spring top dressing of the garden with nitrogen priority is one of the most important works gardener in April and during flowering trees in May. Then it smoothly transitions into summer top dressing fruit trees, where the main elements during the formation of the crop will be phosphorus and potassium.

Annual top dressing of fruit trees during the entire vegetative period will provide high yields. From early spring, the awakening of the garden is noticeable: the buds come to life a little, their tops are covered with whitish villi. The initial growth of shoots and subsequent flowering takes place through the use of nutrients - substances accumulated by fruit trees during the last year's growing season. To ensure further growth of shoots, roots and reduce the fall of the ovaries, trees should be fed with easily soluble nitrogen fertilizers that improve the growth of all parts of the tree. Fertilizers are made from slurry in the ratio (1:2), mullein (1:5) and bird droppings (1:10). Liquid solutions organic and nitrogen fertilizers they are introduced into grooves 8-10 cm deep around the crown. Then the grooves are covered with earth, the soil is dug up, harrowed with a rake, and mulched. Under 10-15 years old trees spend from 6 to 10 buckets of fertilizer solution.
In young trees, the roots spread within the near-trunk circle. As the crown grows, the area of ​​the near-stem circle increases by about one and a half times the diameter of the crown. This means that the grooves for liquid fertilizer will go beyond the projection of the crown, where the main suction roots are concentrated.
Digging fertilizer-saturated grooves brings nutrients closer to the roots, harrowing gives them air, and mulch slows down the evaporation of moisture. In order to avoid damage to the roots when digging, after applying fertilizer (fertilizer solution), you cannot use a shovel. It is better to dig with a pitchfork without turning the layer, without breaking the coma. When digging with a pitchfork, the roots are also damaged (torn), but less. Even better, instead of digging, loosen the soil with hoes. If the soil in the furrows is dry before applying the nutrient solution, it is recommended to pre-moisten it with water, and then apply the nutrient solution.
Spring top dressing of pome trees is carried out to a depth of 8-10 cm, stone fruits - 5-7 cm. This is due to the depth of nutrient roots.

Competent and timely application of fertilizers is the key to the harmonious development of seedlings. However, many gardeners are ill-informed about when and what kind of dressing to apply. This article will help you understand all the intricacies important process aimed at increasing the productivity of plant growth.

Proper fertilization of the soil will create favorable conditions for the existence of crops and avoid problems in the future. But it is necessary to fertilize with knowledge of the matter. Uncontrolled introduction of organic matter or complex dressings can do harm. So, how to feed the seedlings?

Young plants primarily need phosphorus, nitrogen and potassium. Usually it is they that are lacking in the soil, which means that this should be compensated. Hydrogen, oxygen, carbon are no less important components of "excellent health". If the nutritional value of the soil leaves much to be desired, then the seedlings will lack these elements of the periodic table. But calcium, sulfur, magnesium, manganese at the beginning of the journey requires a minimum amount.

The need for certain fertilizers depends on the type of crops that you have planted. So, pears and apple trees are more in need of organic matter. Cherry and apricot - in minerals.

How to find out what exactly is missing?

If the seedlings are not rooting well, you should take a closer look at them. With a careful visual inspection, you will definitely find the characteristic signs of a deficiency of one or the element.

Thin weak stems, small pale leaves indicate that the seedlings lack nitrogen. Leaves dry at the edges, turn yellow or brown? You need potassium. An acute shortage of magnesium manifests itself in the form of blanching of the leaves, which subsequently turn yellow and fall off.

Small and almost black foliage, mainly in the lower part of the plant, is a signal that phosphorus should be fed. Intensive wilting of leaves and shoots indicates a lack of iron. Most often, raspberries, grapes, apple trees, and plums need iron. But when there is not enough copper, the leaves at the tips brighten, become lethargic and soon die off.

Phosphorus and potassium: what you need to know

Experts advise to make phosphorus and potassium only in the 4th year after planting. It is better to do this in the fall, because. such complexes contain hardly digestible substances. An exception is made for fruit-bearing plants - they are fed in the spring.

Many make such fertilizers during fruit set. And they do it right - it favorably affects the quality and quantity of the crop.

So what fertilizers for seedlings containing potassium and phosphorus should be applied first?

• potassium sulfate used as the main fertilizer for fruit-bearing crops. The content of the main active ingredient is 50%. It is applied mainly in spring;
• potassium salt. Universal top dressing is suitable for any type of crops. The content of the main substance is 40%. It is brought in in the fall;
• superphosphate. Fertilizer in granules. The content of phosphoric acid - up to 20%. It is brought in at the rate of 35-40 gr/m2;
• phosphate rock. Not only valuable fertilizer, but also an effective neutralizer of increased soil acidity. Phosphorus content varies from 15 to 35%. Oriented to top dressing of any fruit trees.

There are special mixtures containing other substances in addition to potassium and phosphorus. For example, nitrophoska and diammofoska include potassium, phosphorus and nitrogen in different ratios.

Nitrogen: when and how to apply?

If the soil was fertilized with nitrogen during planting, then the first top dressing is practiced in the 3rd year after planting. Most of the nitrogen is applied in spring, the smaller part in autumn. Calculate as follows: 20 g / m2 (for poor soils) or 10 g / m2 (for fertile soils). If you plan to apply nitrogen, then you should use:

• urea (carbimide). Contains rapidly digestible nitrogen. Young plantings can be fertilized with urea in two ways: by instilling a dry mixture into tree trunks or spraying the trunk and leaves with a solution (for this, 0.5 kg of urea is dissolved in a bucket of water);
• ammonium nitrate. Feeding in granules is well absorbed by seedlings. Saltpeter can be used in dry (15 g / m2) and liquid (25 g / bucket of water) form;
• compost, bird droppings and manure. Designed to feed the soil of medium fertility. Contains a small amount of nitrogen. Optimal as an addition to other mineral complexes.

Weak seedlings should not be fertilized with nitrogen. This will significantly extend the growing season and reduce frost resistance.

Organics: rules to remember

The most useful fertilizer for seedlings is manure. It should be made in the 3rd year. Chicken manure is especially valuable. They fertilize the land in the spring at the rate of 5 kg / m2. For fertilizing fruit trees, manure is diluted with water (1 kg / bucket of water) and infused for 4-5 days. In autumn, the dosage of manure is reduced to 0.3 kg/m2. Manure from domestic animals is brought in only in a rotted state. Fertilize with manure once every 3 years. If the land is very poor, you can once every 2 years.

Another useful organic fertilizer is peat. Improves air permeability and soil structure. Furnace ash reduces the acidity of the earth. Make it at the rate of 100 g / m2. Mix with other organics or prepare a solution.

Compost deserves special attention. It is introduced in the first year after planting. Increases the nutritional value of the soil, enriches it with humus and improves aeration. Contains substances necessary for seedlings to grow.

High-quality compost can successfully replace any mineral mixtures. It is also easy to make compost. To do this, they dig a trench in the fall and fill it with leaves, grass, sawdust, tops, tea leaves and other waste. compost pit they fall asleep with earth and safely forget about it until spring. During the winter, everything that you threw into it will turn into a wonderful fertilizer.

The interval between top dressing is 2 seasons. Optimal time for fertilizer with compost - September-October. Important: the compost is lightly dug into upper layer land or simply laid out near tree trunks.

Don't know what else to feed the seedlings? Ready-made fertilizers - Aquarin, Kemira, Ecofoska, AVA, Uniflor-growth, Florist, Ferovit, Uniflor - have proven themselves to be excellent. The main thing is to carefully read the instructions (the composition of the drugs is different) and follow the dosage.