Dostoevsky's talent was recognized by the writer's contemporaries, as he is recognized by today's readers. In one of the stories, he conveyed amazingly subtly the external and internal world of the orphan Netochka Nezvanova. This article will present the features of the work and its summary. "Netochka Nezvanova" was conceived by the author as a novel and, according to Dostoevsky's own forecasts, was to cause a sensation in literary circles. But this, unfortunately, did not happen. The work was reduced to the format of a story.

Peculiarities

Dostoevsky's contemporaries perceived his work differently. Some appreciated the writer for the rare ability to convey a picture of the life of the characters. Others saw in his works excessive mannerism and pretentiousness. His exceptional talent was nevertheless appreciated by all.

The writer devoted several books to the theme of a suffering child. Among them is the novel "The Humiliated and Insulted". For many modern readers, Dostoevsky's works are difficult to comprehend. Therefore, in an effort to get at least minimal information about the plot, they prefer to read a summary.

"Netochka Nezvanova" is a work that tells about the suffering of a teenage girl. There are no unexpected storylines in it, as, for example, in The Brothers Karamazov. This story lacks intrigue and narrative tension - something that can be seen in Crime and Punishment. And therefore, perhaps, reading about what is the story to which this article is devoted will not be such a wrong step?

One woman's story

A teenage girl becomes an orphan, as a result of which everyone is ready to offend her. However, there are good people along her life path. This is what a very brief summary would look like. "Netochka Nezvanova" is a story that Dostoevsky's contemporaries called "the story of one woman", despite the fact that at the end of the work the heroine is only sixteen years old. There are many tragic moments in this story, a number of complex psychological images are presented. Below are the characteristics of the characters and the main events that take place in the story.

Chapter One: Summary

Netochka Nezvanova did not remember her father. He died when she was only two years old. Mother subsequently married a man by the name of Epifanov, which doomed herself to misfortune and need.

"Netochka Nezvanova", a summary of which can be summarized as a short story from the life of one character, is a story with many heroes. The fate of each is described by Dostoevsky in detail. In the first chapter, for example, we are talking exclusively about Epifanov. This man was once a clarinetist. Epifanov did not shine with talent. He played in the orchestra of a landowner, a kind man and in love with music.

One day, Netochka's stepfather made acquaintance with a drunken and degraded bandmaster of Italian origin. A strange friendship developed between them. But soon the Italian died, bequeathing his tailcoat and violin to Epifanov. The instrument turned out to be expensive, but the clarinetist flatly refused to part with it. And later it suddenly turned out that Epifanov was an excellent violinist.

Having learned about the amazing abilities of his clarinetist, the landowner gave him advice: to work hard, never be conceited, and most importantly, never drink alcohol. And finally, a kind person handed Epifanov a small sum of money. The trouble is that the young violinist did not follow the advice of his benefactor. He only drank, but boasted of his musical abilities, of which soon nothing remained. Such is the story of the stepfather Epifanov. Events from the early period of the violinist's life were heard by Netochka Nezvanova from his former friend. The summary of the chapters below will provide a concise description of the events from the biography of the main character.

Parents

With amazing accuracy, Dostoevsky was able to convey the inner world of the child. "Netochka Nezvanova", a summary of which is presented in that article, is, first of all, the experiences of a teenage girl, transmitted in the first person.

The family lived on the funds earned by the mother. Epifanov, whom Netochka perceived as her own father, used to blame his wife for his failures. He told everyone he met and unfamiliar about his bitter fate. Epifanov allegedly did not because he was married to a woman who ruined his talent.

Musician's wife

Netochka's mother was a dreamy nature, and therefore, when she met with Epifanov, she decided to become his support: she saw in this man the future famous violinist. It is worth saying that Epifanov's wife was an educated woman, she once worked as a governess. But the death of her first husband, the drunkenness of her second, and constant poverty turned her into a quarrelsome and gloomy person. Oddly enough, Netochka loved her stepfather. She felt only fear for her mother. And only years later she began to realize how unfair she had been to this woman.

Madness

The tragedy of a child who was betrayed by the closest person was portrayed in this story by F. Dostoevsky. “Netochka Nezvanova”, a brief summary of which, perhaps, will not create a complete impression of the experiences of a teenager, is an extremely deep work. However, like other novels and stories by Dostoevsky.

Epifanov was a mentally ill person. The only thing that saved him from complete insanity for eight years was the false and cruel conviction that Netochka's mother was an obstacle to a brilliant career as a violinist. For eight years he did not pick up an instrument. At the same time, he convinced himself that after the death of his wife he would certainly become a brilliant violinist.

terrible disaster

One day a great musician came to St. Petersburg. Epifanov attended his concert, after which he realized his worthlessness. On the same evening, Netochka's mother died. The half-mad violinist picked up the instrument and began to play. The sounds that the girl heard while watching this picture only remotely resembled music. During the years of idleness and drunkenness, Epifanov lost all his skills.

The realization of his mediocrity drove him into complete madness, after which he rushed to run in an indefinite direction. He left his adopted daughter, left the body of his wife, as if it was now an unnecessary thing to him. Soon he was discovered outside the city: he was completely unconscious. Three days later, Epifanov died.

In the prince's house

Further, the vicissitudes of an orphan's fate were portrayed by F. M. Dostoevsky. "Netochka Nezvanova", a summary of which in subsequent chapters can be summarized in several paragraphs, is a work with many characters - both negative and positive.

The girl, after the death of her mother and the escape of her father, ended up in the prince's house. This man led a solitary life. Even the wife could not see the prince for several weeks in a row. But he was kind and sincerely sympathized with Netochka. The princess, on the other hand, was a cold and haughty person. In her company, Netochka felt terrible, and therefore constantly sought solitude.

A rather strange old woman, who was the prince's aunt, also lived in the house. This lady took a dislike to the orphan. The old woman tormented Netochka with her nit-picking. And although she did this at a distance, she brought the orphan to complete despair.

Once, the same violinist was invited to the prince's house, after whose concert Netochka lost her parents. Memories washed over her with renewed vigor. The girl fell ill and was on the verge of death for several days. However, when her health began to improve, the prince's daughter returned from Moscow. Netochka became friends with Katya. But the girls had to leave: the prince's family was leaving for Moscow, and the orphan girl was sent to the house of her married daughter.

Alexandra Mikhailovna

Sister Katya treated the orphan warmly. But in the new house, as it turned out, there were skeletons in the closet. Netochka, being in constant anguish, found solace in books. She secretly sneaked into the library and read. Once, in one of the books, the girl found a letter addressed to Alexandra Mikhailovna. This message was written by her lover. Once she was in love, for which she earned the disapproval of society. Her husband, Pyotr Alexandrovich, forgave her, but for several years he reproached her for treason. Before appearing before his wife, this man changed his expression every time. From laughing, he turned into a downcast, from cheerful - into a gloomy one.

Alexandra Mikhailovna suspected her husband of being in love with Netochka. Causeless nagging, she believed, is for him only a way to hide feelings. The conflict led to the fact that the pupil was about to leave the house. However, Pyotr Alexandrovich's assistant unexpectedly stopped her.

This is the summary of the story "Netochka Nezvanova". Having become acquainted with it, however, it should be remembered that the works of classical literature are worth reading in full.

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History of creation

In early 1847, Dostoevsky was about to travel to Italy, where he planned to start writing a new novel for the Sovremennik magazine. In a letter to his brother Mikhail dated October 7, 1846, the writer says that he plans to write the first part of the planned work in Italy and send it to the magazine from abroad. Dostoevsky planned to write the second part of the novel in the same place and provide it personally immediately upon his return. By autumn, the author hoped to have time to write one or two more parts and complete the novel. “Both the plot (and the prologue) and the thought are in my head,” Dostoevsky told his brother. At the end of October, the writer again reports on the planned novel, which he expects to write all next year, in order to later publish it together with the novel Poor People and the story The Double. Together with the idea of ​​a new work in the fall of 1846, Dostoevsky worked “freshly, easily and successfully” on the story “The Mistress”, despite the fact that the idea of ​​a new novel more and more fascinated the writer.

In a letter dated November 26, Dostoevsky wrote to his brother about the break with the Sovremennik magazine and the rapprochement with Otechestvennye Zapiski because of a quarrel with Nekrasov:<…>Meanwhile, Kraevsky, rejoicing at the opportunity, gave me money and promised, moreover, to pay all my debts for me by December 15th. For this, I work for him until spring. At this time, Dostoevsky’s work on The Mistress, “work for holy art, work holy, pure, in the simplicity of the heart, which had never trembled and moved so much” in Dostoevsky, and which the writer planned to complete by January 1847, was finally interrupted the idea of ​​the novel "Netochka Nezvanova", the title of which first appeared on December 17, 1846. Due to financial problems, Dostoevsky was unable to travel abroad, as he had previously planned.

From the same letter dated December 17, 1846, it follows that Dostoevsky planned to finish work on the first part by January 5, 1847, since he "undertook to deliver to Kraevsky." By this time, the writer was planning a three-part novel and was counting on success with readers: “It seems to me that I have started a process with all our literature, magazines and critics, and three parts of my novel in Fatherland Notes are establishing my primacy this year. to spite my ill-wishers. Letters from the first half of 1847 tell of Dostoevsky's active work on the work and his hopes to finish the novel by autumn: "It (the novel) will complete the year, go at the time of subscription, and, most importantly, will, if I'm not mistaken now, the capital thing of the year." However, work on other works distracted the writer from the novel. In particular, at that time, work on The Mistress continued in parallel, the imminent completion of which Dostoevsky announced in a letter dated September 9, 1847. In 1847, "Netochka Nezvanova" was never finished.

In 1848, Dostoevsky read fragments from Netochka Nezvanova at meetings of Petrashevsky's circle, which he attended until November 1848. Based on the memoirs of Peter Semyonov-Tian-Shansky, researchers of the writer's work believe that by the middle of the year a significant part of the work had already been written. In addition, the first listeners noted that the narrated version was "much fuller than it was printed" later. In the draft versions of the novel, the narration is conducted on behalf of the author, but already in the magazine version, Netochka becomes the narrator, and the novel takes on the subtitle "The Story of a Woman". In addition, the plot and the size of the intended work have changed. Three published parts were named: "Childhood", "New Life", "Mystery"; became more independent of each other, retaining their belonging to the novel. In total, more than six parts were planned.

On January 8, 1849, permission was received from the St. Petersburg Censorship Committee to print the first part of the novel. It was first published in the first issue of Notes of the Fatherland for 1849. On February 1, 1849, Dostoevsky promised Kraevsky that by July 1849 the "first six parts" of the novel would be published in the magazine. During revision, the author reduced the novel to one and a half printed sheets. On February 10, they approved the printing of the second part, which was published in the second issue of Otechestvennye Zapiski. Already by February 15, Dostoevsky promised to provide the third part, hoping to receive 100 rubles for it. But even by the end of March, the writer managed to finish only the first of two chapters. In the hope of having time to print the third part in full in the April issue of the magazine, Dostoevsky began to send it to the editor in pieces, but did not have time. In a letter to Kraevsky dated March 31, 1849, the writer promised to provide the fourth part by April 10, and the fifth by April 15. But in the end he did not send anything, and on April 23 he was arrested. On April 30, 1849, permission was obtained to print the third part of the unfinished novel, but without Dostoyevsky's signature. The third part was published in the May 1849 issue of Notes of the Fatherland.

Plot

The life of Netochka Nezvanova can be traced from 8 to 17 years. At first, the girl lives with her mother and stepfather Efimov in a closet in the attic of a large St. Petersburg house. A gifted violinist, but an arrogant, rude and unceremonious person, his stepfather lives off the "villain" of his wife, who allegedly ruined his talent. Not understanding their true relationship, N.N. passionately becomes attached to his “father” and dreams of leaving with him after the death of his sick mother to a new, happy life - to the “house with red curtains”, a rich mansion that is visible from their window. Using the blind love of N.N., Efimov forces her to deceive her mother and give him the last money for a ticket to a concert by the famous violinist S-ts. The shocked mother dies that same evening. The stepfather, in a fit of madness, leaves with N.N. to meet her childhood dream. The further life of N.N. takes place in the “house with red curtains”, where she was taken out of compassion, and then with Alexandra Mikhailovna, who is glad to replace the “orphan” mother and devotes a lot of effort to her upbringing. The matured N. N. penetrates into the home library, gets acquainted with novels, the “magic pictures” of which take her far away from the “dull monotony” around. Having a "wonderful" voice, at the age of 16 he began to study singing at the conservatory. A chance helps her to penetrate the secret of the house: in one of the books she finds a long-forgotten letter from a certain SO to Alexandra Mikhailovna. Their "sinless" love became the subject of "malice and laughter" in society. The husband “protected” his wife, but since then he has been morally tyrannizing the woman who was suppressed by his “generosity”. N.N. has an open dislike for him, the same one tries to slander her in the eyes of his wife, accusing her of correspondence with her lover. During a stormy scene, he does not spare the feelings of his wife, in response to which N.N. directly exposes him of pretense and is going to leave their house forever.

Characters

One of the characters in the novel is Ovrov, an assistant in the affairs of Peter Alexandrovich. Based on a small surviving fragment of the manuscript, researchers of Dostoevsky's work came to the conclusion that initially this character was conceived as another "dreamer", whose role should have been quite significant. In the author's early plans, it was this hero, instead of Netochka, who found a letter from an unknown person with an idea close and understandable to his character about the "fraternal union of two hearts." N. N. Solomina suggested that Dostoevsky conceived a complex relationship between Ovrov and Netochka. In the final version, however, his image is not revealed. The work ends after the first meeting between Ovrov and Netochka.

Criticism

The theme of the suffering child is constant in Dostoevsky's work. Netochka Nezvanova in many ways anticipates the “emancipated” female characters, such as Natasha Ikhmeneva (“The Humiliated and Insulted”), Dunya Raskolnikova (“Crime and Punishment”), Aglaya Yepanchina (“

"Netochka Nezvanova": a summary of Dostoevsky's story

Netochka Nezvanova is a young woman who was strong enough to navigate the stormy sea of ​​life. She recalls her childhood, her attic room in a poor quarter, with which her first memories of a hard life are connected. This is a kind of autobiography.

Life in the attic is dull and hopeless, from time to time it is diversified only by noisy scandals between Netochka's mother, desperate from poverty, and her stepfather, a violinist who does not work anywhere. Already at the age of eight, the receptive Netochka believes that her home is a series of eternal and unbearable suffering. This hopeless life, this heavy and musty atmosphere drive her into a corner, and quite unconsciously the girl seeks salvation in dreams.

Every evening she dreams of a "rich house with red curtains" that is visible from her window. It is warm, light and noisy in this house, it is always cheerful and festive there. Netochka loses the line between sleep and reality, she dreams that someday she will live in this house with red curtains. More and more she lives her dreams.

Netochka feels some strange love towards her stepfather Yegor Yefimov. Although he is the cause of the unhappy life of Netochka and her mother, she feels sorry for this man, she unbearably wants to console him. The need to love awakens in the girl's soul, but she has no friends and girlfriends, and this need is realized in love for her stepfather. She has such a fantasy that her mother is an obstacle to her happiness, and she even begins to wish her death. When her mother was not at home, she quite seriously assures her stepfather that “when mother dies, we will no longer live in the attic, that he will take me somewhere, that we will both be rich and happy.” Her state of mind is intimidating.

Then the mother and stepfather die one by one, Netochka herself is stricken with a serious illness, but the good prince X-y and his family save Netochka, she slowly recovers and after some time gets rid of her painful fantasies.

"Netochka Nezvanova": analysis of the work

A detailed description of Netochka's illness and her recovery shows that, while still young, Dostoevsky penetrated deeply into the very depths of a child's heart. Living in a musty attic, an impressionable girl beyond her age comprehends the tragedy of human life early, and Dostoevsky was able to imagine what fantasies captivated the girl's heart.

In the works of Fyodor Mikhailovich, unfortunate children often appear. And although for their age a cheerful game is the most natural activity, from an early age misfortunes befall them. Their defenseless body is thrown into this ruthless world, they experience absolutely childish suffering, they die silently under the blows of fate. Already in the debut work "Poor People" there is an episode when the son of the poor Gorshkov quietly dies of weakness. In The Christmas Tree and the Wedding, a boy appears who is made to think that it would be better if he died.

In "The Boy at Christ's Tree" ("A Writer's Diary", January 1876), a six-year-old boy appears. He, despite the winter cold, is dressed in the worst clothes. He climbs out of his dark basement room and walks through the bitter cold. In this room, his mother seems to be sleeping, but in fact she has already died. The boy sees how his peers are playing outside the windows of a rich estate. He comes closer and, beside himself, enters the house through the brightly lit entrance. He is immediately kicked out. The boy continues to roam the cold streets. None of the adults call out to him. The next morning, his frozen body was found in the courtyard of some estate.

Children who, like Netochka, forced in her smallness to bear the burden of an unfortunate fate because of her stepfather and to face the tragedy of human life early, appear both in The Humiliated and Insulted (Nellie) and in The Eternal Husband (Lisa), and in The Brothers Karamazov (Ilyusha). Netochka was lucky and she was saved, but the unfortunate in Dostoevsky usually die unhappy.

Fyodor Mikhailovich is called a specialist in misfortunes and suffering. Their expression in the extreme form is helpless children - they suffer, unable to resist or cry out for help. In "The Brothers Karamazov" there is a chapter "Rebellion", where Ivan Karamazov is so worried about the suffering of innocent children that he curses this world created by Almighty God. Ivan's protest against such "absurdity" is an expression of Dostoevsky's humanistic worldview, which evoked a sympathetic response from many of his readers.

Dostoevsky consistently portrayed the suffering of children. In general, he had a heightened perception in relation to suffering and could not be satisfied with the depiction of the misfortunes and suffering of adults alone. After all, adults cannot suffer with such childlike spontaneity. Children, on the other hand, suffer terribly even from such insults, which later seem to be just scratches. Dostoevsky was attracted by the purity of childhood suffering, he knew how to hear the cries of these meek creatures.

When reading "Netochka Nezvanova" you pay attention to another side of children's life. This is the attitude of the child to the death of the parents. The fact that Netochka, as a child, unconsciously wished for the death of her mother, left a deep wound in her soul. In the magazine version of Netochka Nezvanova, the boy Larenka appears. He thinks that he is the cause of the sudden death of his parents, is severely tormented by remorse, is fading. Thus, in the initial version of Netochka Nezvanova, the theme of children's responsibility for the death of parents appears twice.

When Dostoevsky was seventeen years old and he studied at the Military Engineering School, his father suddenly died in his village. It is believed that he was killed by a serf. Dostoevsky did not love his father. He was a man with a complex character: he constantly complained to his wife Maria that he was a loser, tormented her with suspicions that she was not pregnant from him.

Sigmund Freud admitted that Dostoevsky wished his father dead. It can be said that the youngest son Ivan from The Brothers Karamazov, who secretly wished for the death of his father Fyodor, is a self-portrait of the writer. Freud's conjecture may be correct. In any case, from a young age, Dostoevsky was concerned about the responsibility of the child for the death of his parents.

In the works of Fyodor Mikhailovich, one frightening image appears. I call him "The Laughing Old Man". He is also in Netochka Nezvanova. When the good Prince X saved Netochka, and she was being treated in his house, one night she thinks of her stepfather and almost goes crazy. At this moment, a “laughing old man” appears to her. The same burning eyes of the “laughing old man” appear in The Mistress, and in The Humiliated and Insulted, and in Crime and Punishment. It seems that this old man holds the secret of who is looking at him, it seems that he is his worst enemy. All those who meet this gaze experience overwhelming horror - they seem to freeze or lose consciousness. This is something so terrible that it is impossible to look at at least a little for a long time. The young writer Ivan Petrovich from The Humiliated and Insulted, who is undoubtedly Dostoevsky's double, is attacked by a "laughing old man." The writer experiences "mystical horror", which reminds him of the horror of a man who is afraid of the dead.

Among Dostoevsky's characters there are many who are tormented by the fear of death - from Varenka Dobroselova from Poor People to Fyodor Karamazov from The Brothers Karamazov. Svidrigailov from Crime and Punishment and Ippolit from The Idiot do not see the “laughing old man”, but visions of spiders and scorpions announce the proximity of death to them.

Every time Dostoevsky had an epileptic seizure, he invariably felt the approach of death. Fyodor Mikhailovich knew well what light was and what darkness was, and this “laughing old man” was another vivid personification of death, the feeling of which was always alive in his heart.

Just as in Netochka the image of death was associated with death from the insanity of her stepfather Efimov, so in Dostoevsky the fear of death was associated with the violent death of his father. His wife Anna Grigorievna testifies that the writer was terribly afraid of seeing his father in a dream. In a letter to her, Dostoevsky wrote: “... tonight I saw my father in a dream, but in such a terrible form, in which he only appeared to me twice in my life, predicting a formidable misfortune, and twice the dream came true” (April 28, 1871 ).

In "Netochka Nezvanova" there is another topic that will interest the reader. This is the passionate desire to connect that arises between girls.

The daughter of Prince X, Katya, a lovely girl of the same age as Netochka, becomes her friend. Perhaps the writer wants to say that both girls still did not have playmates, but still this closeness seems a little strange. The girls lie embracing in Katya's bed, showering each other with kisses, confessing their love, crying and laughing like crazy.

The girls, each of whom was previously immersed in the world of fantasy, finally found someone who understands her true desires, and, filling up the former emptiness, they greedily attract each other to themselves, give themselves away, dream in some crazy impulse about becoming one.

At the beginning of "Weak Heart", written a year before "Netochka Nezvanova", it is described in detail how two young friends frolic like puppies; one even carries the other in his arms, which is a direct expression of their friendly affection. Ordynov and Katerina from The Mistress, frantically and passionately desire to become one through love, and the scene is devoid of a touch of pure sexuality. The dreamer from White Nights, who had no friend before whom he could speak out, meets Nastenka, and now their dates are on such an upswing that the reader can only be surprised at the fusion of their hearts.

In Dostoevsky there is not only the fear of death and desperate loneliness, there is also a bewitching craving for unity. This is not the usual love between a man and a woman, rather, it is an all-consuming thirst for a complete unity of body and spirit. To shed all veils, to expose oneself, to deny oneself, for some unknown reason to catch fire with a premonition of great joy, to merge into one, to become pure "one" - that is what this thirst is. You involuntarily recall Wuthering Heights by Emilia Brontë, where the same love arises between Heathcliff and Catherine, requiring the same unity, inaccessible in this world. To us, modern readers, the conversations between Ordynov and Katerina resemble delirium, but their passionate speeches have the source of just such a thirst for unity. Young Dostoevsky had close male friends, but he did not know any experience of love for a woman. He had no desire to acquire a woman in order to live with her. Only at the age of thirty-three did he first fall passionately in love with Mary, who had a child. Then he imagined in her a "little sister" with a boundless, childishly kind soul. In a letter to A.E. To Wrangel (dated March 23, 1856), he admitted that if he loses this "angel", he will either go crazy or throw himself into the Irtysh. This is not ordinary love, but a passionate, all-consuming desire to merge with a “beautiful person”, drawn by his imagination.

Alyosha and Natasha from The Humiliated and Insulted, Myshkin and Nastasya Filippovna from The Idiot testify to the same. Dostoevsky also portrayed relationships similar to those that ordinary people have, but here it is not just love between a man and a woman, the essence of this love is the desire to abandon oneself and become one. This desire is too strong, and women go crazy. Dostoevsky's heroes are not able to enjoy calm love, they do not strive for love to mature to the state of a cozy family nest.

Declarations of love by Netochka and Katya are not lesbian love, their relationship is of the same sort as the dialogues between the Dreamer and Nastenka, they are an expression of Dostoevsky's craving for unity of hearts.

Dostoevsky believed that his novel "Netochka Nezvanova" could make a splash in the literary world. But this never happened. Before the novel was finished, the writer was arrested. It was decided to turn the novel into a story. In literary magazines, this story was called "the story of one woman."

It all starts with the fact that little Netochka, who is only eight years old, lives in the attic with her mother and stepfather. The girl's mother is engaged in sewing, thereby trying to earn money for the family. Stepfather, Yegor Efimov, in his own words, is a brilliant violinist. But it doesn't work in any way. And he can’t do music, because his “evil” wife ruined his talent. And only the death of his wife will give free rein to his talents.

The youth of the "brilliant" violinist passed in a rich house with a landowner. In which he was a clarinetist in the orchestra. Further, fate connected him with a somewhat bad person - an Italian violinist, who only knew how to drink. But deep down, he still hoped that he would return to music and become famous. The violinist dies and Yegor leaves behind an old tailcoat and a violin. Before his death, he managed to teach his friend how to play it.

Having mastered the violin, Yegor felt like a magnificent, simply brilliant violinist. He had many virtues that gave him money. Yefim was in no hurry to thank any of them, but only boldly drank their money in a tavern. Seven years later he left for Petersburg. In the capital, he met a less brilliant, but more industrious violinist B. While Efimov continued to drink and hope that Fate itself would recognize him as a genius and grant him fame, B stubbornly studied music and subsequently became famous.

Not wanting to work, Yegor got married. His chosen one was the young mother of Netochka, who saw a born genius in the musician and was ready to make any sacrifices for him. An old friend, B, helped Yegor get a job in a theater orchestra. But Efimov did not give money to his wife and did nothing but drink it away. His nasty character so bothered the head of the theater that he was fired.

Little Netochka, not understanding the relationship between her stepfather and mother, was inspired by Efimov's speeches and dreamed that when her mother was gone, she and her stepfather would go to a new life - to a rich mansion that was visible from their windows.

The famous violinist S-ts arrived in St. Petersburg. Efimov wanted to admire the one whom he, in his opinion, could easily surpass, but he had no money for a ticket. And he persuaded the girl to give the last money that her mother gave her for food. When Netochka's mother found out all this, she fell into despair and died. At this time, Yegor had just returned from the concert. Netochka grabs her stepfather and together they run away from the attic to a new life. But Yegor leaves his “daughter”, soon ends up in the hospital and dies.

Netochka's dream comes true. She ends up in that very rich “house with red curtains” under the care of the kind and compassionate Prince Kh. The girl begins a new life, she no longer knows the need, and a new feeling of love for the prince's daughter, Katya, takes over her heart. Netochka learns everything very quickly, everyone loves and pities her. Proud Katya does not love the poor orphan so much. She is offended that all attention is paid not to her, but to Netochka. And the girl’s quick learning ability is very unnerving for the prince’s daughter.

Deciding to joke one day, Katya launches Prince Falstaff the bulldog into the room of her aunt. Netochka loves Katya so much that she takes all the blame on herself. She is punished, but Katya, seeing all this injustice, raises a scandal in the house. And Netochka is forgiven. After that, the girls open up to each other. Together they laugh and cry, trusting each other absolutely everything. But adults do not like the proximity of girls - parents take Katya and leave for Moscow for a long time.

Netochka is sent to live with Alexandra Mikhailovna, Katya's older married sister. This beautiful loving woman is ready to replace the girl's mother and devote a lot of energy to her upbringing. Everything would have been fine, but little Netochka developed an antipathy towards Alexandra Mikhailovna's husband, Pyotr Alexandrovich. She feels something unnatural in their relationship, some kind of mystery. Because of this, Alexandra's health is deteriorating, and every day she becomes paler and paler. In parallel with this, studying, Netochka discovers novels. And her world is taken over by fantasies, she literally lives in them. There is no more trust between her and Alexandra Mikhailovna.

At the age of sixteen, the family discovers the girl's talent for singing, and she is sent to the conservatory. Life goes on, but one day Netochka finds a letter in one of the books. It is quite old and addressed to Alexandra Mikhailovna. A certain petty official S. O. writes to her. From the letter, the girl learns that when Alexandra was already married, she fell in love with this unequal person. Society began to condemn her. But her husband protected her, at the same time forcing S.O. to leave and forget about her beloved forever.

Surprised Netochka sees the situation between Peter and Alexandra - how he mocks her, how he shows his wife that this story still hurts him. At the same time, leaving his wife, he laughs at the whole situation.

One day, Pyotr Alexandrovich tracks down Netochka in the library and sees the same letter. Justifying himself, he accuses the poor girl of correspondence with her lovers. During this scene, Pyotr Aleksandrovich threatens to kick Netochka out of the house. The girl does not want to reveal the truth, so as not to injure Alexandra Mikhailovna, who is close to herself. But when, during a quarrel, Peter reminds his wife of the past, bringing her to a swoon, Netochka does not hold back and reveals the whole truth about his deceit. She is about to leave the house, but she is stopped by Peter's assistant, Ovrov. And before leaving the house, she needs to talk to him.

Character characteristics

Netochka

A naive girl who lives first in her dreams and then in her fantasies. She is easily influenced by others. At first, her life was guided by dreams that were built on the speeches of Yegor Efimov. Further, she was guided only by a feeling of love, without seeing reality. Having become acquainted with novels, she went into a new world - fantasy. Throughout the novel, she grows, develops, discovers something new for herself. But she remains the same innocent gullible girl.

Netochka's mother

Initially - a victim, ready to give everything in the name of their illusions and unfulfilled desires. He does not see the real situation behind his feelings. She admires Yegor's "genius" and forgets about herself. Ready to make any sacrifice in the name of a false ideal. And only when the problem is already in front of her, and nothing can be fixed, she understands the whole situation. But from his own impotence and already given strength to the deification of the "genius" Yegor dies.

Egor Efimov

Freelance clarinetist. Rude and selfish. He called himself a genius. And even when his inclinations as a violinist were recognized, he was so blinded by his narcissism and arrogance that he waited for his talent to raise him without any difficulty. From the very beginning he is selfish. He easily accepts everything that is given to him, but gives nothing in return. In his opinion, this is how it should be. Because he is the most unrecognized genius. He owes his life, not his life.

Katia

A lovely proud girl, brought up in the highest circles. She knows how to present herself with dignity, she studies a lot, but at the same time she is terribly narcissistic about everything. Katya is jealous of everything that can attract more attention than she does. And she is ready to hurt anyone whose abilities are higher than her. But she cannot calmly look at injustice. He does not recognize it in himself, but in the world around him he stands only for justice. And when their relationship with Netochka improves, she opens up as a person who is ready to be real and sincerely love.

Alexandra Mikhailovna

The woman with the most open heart. Ready to take care of everyone. She accepts the orphan as her own mother. I am ready to love her just as much and spend no less effort on her upbringing than I would have spent on raising my own daughter. Dostoevsky speaks of her simply: quiet, gentle, loving. She is very impressionable: everything that happens in her life is reflected in her. Alexandra has an incomprehensible relationship with her husband, and they lead her to mental anguish and poor health. She feels guilty and does not deny it. But no matter how hard it is, she will not leave Netochka alone. I am ready to continue to sacrifice myself meekly, humbly and completely in vain.

Pyotr Alexandrovich

A man from high society, for whom his reputation comes first. If there is rubbish in the hut, he is not ready to endure it. Protected his wife when her secret affair came to light. This could be regarded as an act of a noble person, if in the future he did not continue to mock his wife, daily reminding her of her guilt before him. He loves when they sacrifice themselves. Whatever the situation, Peter will blame anyone but himself. And most of all he fears that his true nature will come to the surface.

The novel is presented as a novel-education. It is divided into three parts - childhood, new life, mystery. Throughout the novel, there is an observation of the life of one person, its development, upbringing, the emergence of new feelings. Many references are made to other characters, but this is what reveals Netochka's personality the most.

In order to penetrate more deeply into the peculiarities of the situation and the nature of people, Dostoevsky makes references to the past, thereby delving into history. Making a further transition from the past to the present. Each story of a new person affects Netochka, evoking and nurturing new feelings and sensations in her.

It all starts from childhood, as the first section indicates. Netochka is brought up on the speeches of Efimov, she is inspired by them, her feelings feed on them. For her, he is an example, an ideal, the closest person. She puts him above everything. He gives her dreams in which she sees her happy life in a rich house, and Yegor must be by her side. She blindly believes his every word, her dreams have closed her eyes. And she completely trusts her stepfather.

And only when he leaves her, the situation becomes hopeless. A new life begins for her. This life is marked by Netochka's arrival at the prince's house. Finally, she not only gives something, but also receives care, understanding and compassion, hope for a better future. And at the same time, Katya appears in her life, she immediately captures the girl's heart. It was then that a new transformation began for Netochka: her feelings deepened, became more mature. These are not the dreams that were before - this is her present. What is happening to her now.

long-awaited happiness

She knows herself as a real girl, with a full range of feelings and emotions. A man appears in her life who not only takes everything that she is ready to give him, but who gives no less in return. This makes Netochka more mature and opens her up to other people.

On a happy note of sincere love, the second chapter ends. It's time for the third chapter: the mystery. It can be divided into two periods. The first period is when Netochka is surrounded by the love of Alexandra Mikhailovna. She receives what she did not receive before - the true love of her mother. Her mother admired Yefimov too much, and therefore Netochka herself received less love and care. In the same period, Netochka opens novels that allow her to escape into a new world for her - the world of fantasy. Because of this, she becomes closed. Distrust appears in the family, but the same strong love remains.

In the story, there is an eternal struggle between the old and the new, symbolizing Russian society, which the old foundations do not allow to move forward and develop.

The next article is devoted to the story, which depicts the inner experiences of a girl who has to choose between love and a secure future.

The turning point and the second period can be called the moment of finding a letter for Alexandra Mikhailovna from her lover. The heroine sees Alexandra's weakness, and in her soul there is a turning point from that timid, somewhat meek girl, she turns into a passionate and determined girl, ready to protect her friend from everything. Netochka is already independent and ready to make decisions and bear responsibility for them. Now her life relies only on her strength and courage. This is not the same girl as before. This is already an adult girl who is responsible for her own life and is ready to fight for justice, for herself or for a loved one.

Fedor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky

"Netochka Nezvanova"

Eight-year-old Netochka lives in a closet in the attic of a large St. Petersburg house. Her mother earns a living for the whole family by sewing and cooking. Stepfather, Yegor Efimov, a strange man. He is a talented violinist, but he gave up music, because the "villainous" wife allegedly ruined his talent. Only her death will "untie" him.

Rude and unceremonious, he shamelessly lives at the expense of the woman he has defamed, who, in spite of everything, continues to love him. She has long been dangerously ill.

In his youth, Efimov was a free clarinetist with a rich and kind landowner, from whose orchestra he left after the sudden death of his friend, an Italian violinist. He was a "bad man", but with the features of the supernatural. “The devil imposed himself on me,” Efimov later recalled about him. The Italian bequeathed his violin to him and taught him how to play it. Since then, Efimov has been possessed by a proud consciousness of his genius, exclusivity, permissiveness. Not feeling any gratitude to the people who helped him (the landowner and the count), he drank away the money given to him for a trip to St. Petersburg, where he could develop his talent. Only after seven years of random wanderings through the provinces did he finally find himself in the capital.

Here the 30-year-old violinist made friends with a young colleague, a Russian German B., with whom he shared shelter and food. In a friend who had lost his technical skills, B. was struck by the “deep,<…>instinctive understanding of art", but depressing self-confidence and "continuous dream of his own genius". B. worked hard and, despite the relatively modest talent, eventually achieved success and became a famous musician. The talented Efimov, having "neither patience nor courage", gradually became an inveterate drunkard and behaved more and more dishonorably. Friends parted, but B. forever retained sympathy and compassion for the comrade of youth. Soon, Efimov married the then two-year-old mother of Netochka, a dreamer who believed in his talent and was ready to sacrifice everything for her husband. Once B. helped an old friend get into a theater orchestra. He did not give a penny of salary to his wife and "daughter", drinking himself and drinking friends. Soon he was fired due to a bad, arrogant character.

Not understanding the true relationship between mother and stepfather, Netochka becomes passionately attached to her "father". He is just as "driven" by a strict mother, as she herself is. The girl is inspired by dreams inspired by Efimov’s speeches: after the death of her mother, they, together with their “father”, will leave the miserable attic and go to a new, happy life - to the “house with red curtains”, a rich mansion visible from their window.

When the famous violinist S-ts arrives on tour in St. Petersburg, it becomes a matter of life for Efimov to get to his concert. He must prove to himself that S-ts is nothing compared to him, not recognized because of the "evil" people, but a great genius. Where can I get money for a ticket? Taking advantage of Netochka's blind love for himself, her stepfather forces her to deceive her sick mother, who sent her daughter shopping with the last rubles. Having given the money to the “father”, the girl must say that she lost it. Having figured out her husband's plan, the mother falls into despair. Suddenly B. brings a ticket to S-tsa's concert. Yefimov leaves. The shocked woman dies that same evening. At night, the beggar musician returns, killed by the consciousness of his insignificance in front of the art of S-ts, Netochka in agitation rushes to the distraught "father" and drags him away from the house, towards her childhood dream, although her heart aches for the abandoned dead mother. On the street, Efimov runs away from the "daughter", who, screaming, tries to catch up with the madman, but falls unconscious. He himself soon ends up in the hospital, where he dies.

Now Netochka lives in the same “house with red curtains” that belongs to Prince X, a smart, kind and compassionate “eccentric”. She was sick for a long time after the experience, but then a new feeling took possession of her heart. This is love for the charming and proud age-mate Katya, the daughter of the prince. Frisky Katya at first disliked the sad and sickly "orphan", jealous of her father for her. However, she inspired respect for herself, with dignity reflecting the princess's mockery of her parents. Netochka's ability to learn also stung the conceited minx, whose coldness deeply hurts the girl. One day, Katya decides to play a trick on the prince's evil and absurd aunt: she lets the bulldog Falstaff into her rooms, who inspires horror in the old princess. Netochka takes the blame on Katya and serves her sentence, locked in a dark room until four in the morning, because she was forgotten. Agitated by the injustice, Katya raises a fuss, and the girl is released. Now there is an open mutual love between them: they cry and laugh, kiss each other, keep secret until the morning. It turns out that Katya also loves her friend for a long time, but she wanted to "torment" her by waiting. Noticing the unnatural excitement of the princess, the adults separate the girls. Soon Katya and her parents leave for Moscow for a long time.

Netochka moves into the house of 22-year-old Alexandra Mikhailovna, Katya's married sister. The "quiet, gentle, loving" woman is glad to replace the "orphan" mother and devotes a lot of energy to her upbringing. The happiness of the girl is overshadowed only by an unaccountable antipathy for Pyotr Alexandrovich, the husband of Alexandra Mikhailovna. She feels some kind of secret in their unnatural relationship: the husband is always gloomy and "ambiguously compassionate", and the wife is timid, passionately impressionable and as if to blame for something. She is thin and pale, her health gradually deteriorating due to constant mental pain.

Netochka is already thirteen. She is able to guess a lot, but the awakened passion for reading distracts her from reality. By chance, the girl finds access to the home library, where novels forbidden to her are kept. Now she lives in "fantasies", "magical pictures" that take her far away from the "dreary monotony" of life. For three years, she hides even from her older friend. There has been no trust between them for a long time, although mutual love is just as strong. When Netochka turns sixteen, Alexandra Mikhailovna notices her “wonderful voice”: since then, the girl has been studying singing at the conservatory.

Once in the library, Netochka finds an old letter forgotten in a book. A certain S. O. writes to Alexandra Mikhailovna. The girl learns a secret that has tormented her for eight years: already married, Alexandra Mikhailovna fell in love with a “unequal”, petty official. After a short and completely “sinless” happiness, “gossip”, “anger and laughter” began - society turned away from the “criminal”. Her husband, however, protected her, but ordered S.O. to leave immediately. The faint-hearted lover forever said goodbye to the "forgotten" "sad beauty".

The shocked Netochka reveals the meaning of Alexandra Mikhailovna's "long, hopeless suffering", her "sacrifice, offered humbly, resignedly and in vain." After all, Pyotr Alexandrovich “despises her and laughs at her”: before entering his wife’s office, he usually “remakes” his face in front of a mirror. From a humming and laughing person, he turns into a dejected, hunched, heartbroken person. Seeing this, Netochka laughs caustically in the face of "the criminal who forgives the sins of the righteous."

Soon Pyotr Alexandrovich, whom his wife suspects of love for Netochka hidden behind unreasonable captiousness, tracks down the girl in the library and sees the cherished letter. Wanting to justify himself, he accuses Netochka of immoral correspondence with his lovers. During a stormy scene in Alexandra Mikhailovna's office, her husband threatens to kick her pupil out of the house. Netochka does not refute slander, to be afraid to "kill" her friend with the truth. She protects the girl. The pretender in anger reminds his wife of the past "sin", which brings her to a faint. Netochka denounces his moral tyranny over his wife in order to “prove” that he is “more sinless than her”! Before leaving their house forever, she must still talk with Pyotr Alexandrovich's assistant Ovrov, who unexpectedly stops her.

Netochka Nezvanova, a girl of eight, lives with her mother and stepfather in the attic of a St. Petersburg house. The mother earns a living by sewing and cooking, the stepfather, the drunken violinist Efimov, idles all day and lives at the expense of his wife. In his youth, his stepfather was a clarinetist, made friends with an Italian violinist, who bequeathed his violin to him and taught him how to play it. The ability to play the violin instilled in Efimov pride from the awareness of his genius and exclusivity. Indefatigable pride and laziness brought the violinist to the very social bottom, he drank himself and broke up with his friends. Soon he marries Netochka's mother, who firmly believed in his talent and sacrificed everything for her husband.

Netochka passionately becomes attached to her stepfather, she is occupied with Efimov's speeches about a happy life in a house with red curtains, where they will go together after the death of their mother who treats them. When the stepfather learns that the famous violinist S-ts is coming to St. Petersburg, he persuades Netochka to steal the money needed for the medicine of her terminally ill mother by cunning and buy a ticket to the concert. Efimov wants to make sure that S-ts is an overestimated mediocrity compared to him, an unrecognized genius. The mother, having learned what the money was spent on, falls into despair and dies that same evening. The stepfather realizes that he is mediocre compared to S-ts, and goes crazy. Later, he ends up in the hospital, where he dies.

An orphaned girl is accepted to live in the house of a kind nobleman. Netochka is grieving the loss of her parents, but later she experiences a new feeling - love for the proud Katya, the prince's daughter. At first, Katya is cold towards the orphan, jealous of her father, but later the girls get closer and become best friends. Adults separate the girls, noticing the outbreak of feelings between them. Katya leaves for Moscow for a long time, and Netochka moves to the house of Katya's older sister.

Katya's sister, Alexandra Mikhailovna, becomes attached to the orphan and devotes a lot of energy to her upbringing. Netochka cannot unravel the secret of this family - Alexandra's husband is always gloomy and compassionate, and Alexandra herself is timid and as if to blame for something. The girl escapes from a strange family atmosphere into the world of novels and short stories, which she borrows from her large home library. It is in the library that she finds the answer to a family secret - in one of the books, Netochka notices a love letter to Alexandra from a petty official. This connection disgraced Alexandra, but her husband protected her and now constantly morally tyrannizes the unfortunate woman. Alexandra's husband is trying to slander Netochka, accusing her of correspondence with her lover, in response to which, the girl accuses him of duplicity and leaves the house.