Sources of knowledge.

Who thought about where people's knowledge comes from and how the worldview and consciousness of people are formed and how all this affects the development of our society? Meanwhile, this is the main reason for our life today, good or not. Whoever has a decisive influence on the minds of people rules the World. More precisely: the one who manages the flows of information that form the worldview of people - he rules the World. Consequently, the consciousness and worldview of people, that is, the state of our society - our life, with you, depends on the purity of the sources of information. So let's look into this issue.

The concept of worldview is one of the key concepts in philosophy and in the system of education. It is impossible to do without this concept when studying history, philosophy and such subjects as "Man and Society", "The Spiritual World of Man", "Modern Society", "Science and Religion", etc.

Worldview is a necessary component of human consciousness, knowledge. This is not just one of its elements among many others, but their complex interaction. Diverse blocks of knowledge, beliefs, thoughts, feelings, moods, aspirations, hopes, united in a worldview, appear as a more or less holistic understanding of the world and themselves by people.

The life of people in society has a historical character. Either slowly or rapidly, all components of the socio-historical process change intensively in time: technical means and the nature of labor, relations between people and the people themselves, their thoughts, feelings, interests. The outlook of human communities, social groups, personalities and tactics is subject to historical changes. It actively captures, refracts large and small, overt and hidden processes of social change. Speaking about the worldview on a large socio-historical scale, they mean the extremely general beliefs prevailing at one or another stage of history, the principles of knowledge, ideals and norms of life, that is, they highlight the common features of the intellectual, emotional, spiritual mood of a particular era.

In reality, a worldview is formed in the minds of specific people and is used by individuals and social groups as life-determining general views. And this means that, in addition to typical, summary features, the worldview of each era lives, acts in a variety of group and individual variants.

The worldview is an integral education. In it, the connection of its components, their alloy, is fundamentally important, and just as in an alloy various combinations of elements, their proportions give different results, so something similar happens with the worldview.

Generalized everyday knowledge, or life-practical, professional, scientific, is included in the composition of the worldview and plays an important role in it. The more solid the stock of knowledge in this or that era, in this or that people or individual, the more serious support can receive the corresponding worldview. A naive, unenlightened consciousness does not have sufficient means for a clear, consistent, rational justification of its views, often referring to fantastic fictions, beliefs, and customs.

The degree of cognitive saturation, validity, thoughtfulness, internal consistency of one or another worldview is different. But knowledge never fills the entire field of worldview. In addition to knowledge about the world (including the human world), the worldview also comprehends the whole way of human life, expresses certain value systems (ideas of good and evil and others), builds images of the past and future projects, receives approval (condemnation) of certain ways of life , behavior.

The worldview is a complex form of consciousness, embracing the most diverse layers of human experience, capable of expanding the narrow framework of everyday life, a specific place and time, correlating a given person with other people, including those who lived before and will live later. The experience of understanding the semantic basis of human life is accumulating in the worldview, all new generations of people join the spiritual world of great-grandfathers, grandfathers, fathers, contemporaries, carefully preserving something, resolutely refusing something. So, worldview is a set of views, assessments, principles that determine the most general vision, understanding of the world.

The essential role of beliefs in the composition of the worldview does not exclude positions that are accepted with less confidence or even mistrust. Doubt is an obligatory moment of an independent, meaningful position in the field of worldview. Fanatic, unconditional acceptance of this or that system of orientations, growing together with it without internal criticism, without own analysis, is called dogmatism.

Life shows that such a position is blind and flawed, does not correspond to the complex, developing reality, moreover, religious, political and other dogmas often turned out to be the cause of serious troubles in history, including the history of Soviet society. That is why, in affirming new thinking today, it is so important to form a clear, open-minded, bold, creative, flexible understanding of real life in all its complexity. An important role in loosening dogmas is played by healthy doubt, thoughtfulness, criticality. But if the measure is violated, they can give rise to another extreme - skepticism, disbelief in anything, loss of ideals, refusal to serve high goals.

Thus, from all of the above, as well as from the course of history, the following conclusions can be drawn:

1. The worldview of mankind is not permanent, it develops along with the development of mankind and human society.

2. A person's worldview is greatly influenced by the achievements of science, religion, as well as the existing structure of society. The state (state machine) influences the worldview of a person in every way, restrains its development, trying to subordinate it to the interests of the ruling class.

3. In turn, the worldview, developing, has an impact on the development of society. Having accumulated qualitatively (i.e., having changed radically) and quantitatively (when a new worldview takes possession of a sufficiently large mass of people), the worldview leads to a change in the social structure (to revolutions, for example). Developing people's worldview, society ensures its development, inhibiting the development of worldview, society dooms itself to decay and death.

Thus, by influencing the development of the worldview of people, it is possible to influence the development of human society. People have always been dissatisfied with the existing system. But can people with the old worldview build a new society? Obviously not.In order to build a new society, it is necessary to form a new worldview among people, and the role of educators, teachers and teachers in this matter can hardly be overestimated. But in order for the teacher to be able to form a new worldview, he himself must possess it. Therefore, the most important condition for building a new society is the formation of a new worldview among educators and teachers.

But maybe we don't need to change the current state of society, maybe it suits everyone? It seems to me that this question does not require discussion.

We all live in a very complex and contradictory world in which it is easy to lose our bearings. Everyone now agrees that society is in crisis. However, one can often hear the opinion that this crisis has affected only our country, while in the countries of the West everything is in order. Is it really? This opinion is true only if we consider the purely material side of life. If we take its spiritual side, it is not difficult to see that the crisis of the spiritual sphere of human existence has engulfed the whole world, all of humanity.

In all countries of the world, regardless of the social system, such phenomena as alcoholism, drug addiction, crime, moral degradation are growing; the number of suicides associated with disappointment in life is growing, especially among young people. All these phenomena have spread earlier in the countries of the West and in America, that is, in those countries where the material standard of living has been and remains many times higher than ours.

In the last two or three decades, these phenomena have become widespread in our country. Material wealth does not provide a solution to the problem and does not eliminate the crisis, because the reason for it lies in the loss of people's understanding of the meaning of their existence. Figuratively speaking, lately humanity has been reminiscent of train passengers, whose only concern is to make themselves comfortable inside the car, but who have completely forgotten where and why they are going. That is, there was a loss by humanity of the more distant - the spiritual guidelines of their lives.What is the reason? The reason is only in the imperfection of the inner world of man. Man destroys not only himself, but the whole planet. Our planet is seriously ill, and we ourselves are to blame for this. Man destroys his planet not only with his technocratic activities, but also with his perverted thinking.

"Our modern world is a sinking ship. The difference between a sinking ship and the modern world is only that on a sinking ship everyone is already aware of the inevitability of death, while in the modern world many still do not want to admit it ...

The very people who caused its illness are trying to treat the sick world. Those same not personally, but in their worldview, and the means offered for cure are the very ones that laid the foundation for the disease. "(A. Klizovsky "Fundamentals of the worldview of the new era")

The reasons that brought down such a colossus as the Roman Empire still exist today. The main reason must be recognized as the decline in morals, the demoralization of society and the demoralization of the main pillar of statehood - the family, because with the decline of morals and the demoralization of the family, the destruction of any dying world begins.

When every dying world is replaced by a new one, the most important thing is not in the political or social changes that take place, but in the need to change the worldview and all outdated views and views on new ones, the need to change one's beliefs and, in general, the whole way of life to new ones, because that, really new, that replaces the old world, is new in all respects and never resembles the old.

The difficulty is further aggravated by the fact that a person is forced to accept a political or social change by the very course of events, often after a fait accompli, while the acceptance or not acceptance of a new worldview, or a new belief and a new way of life seems to depend on each person personally. In reality, a person has only two ways: either to wisely follow the flow of evolution, or to wait until the developing life throws him overboard, like unnecessary ballast.

"When the Higher Mind and the Higher Forces give impetus and impetus to a new phase of life, to a new stage of evolution, then no human forces can stop this movement. into force and the law of replacing obsolete energies with new ones begins to operate, then everything that does not progress is subject to destruction. (A. Klizovsky "Fundamentals of the worldview of the new era").

Any new construction begins with the destruction of the old, it cannot be otherwise. From a psychological point of view, this moment is the most difficult for people. They do not know that the time has come for mankind to rise to the highest level of knowledge, they do not know either about the Builder or about how the Builder of the new life thinks to carry out his reforms. They see destruction, and the first solution that comes to the mind of the majority is protest and opposition. In fact, they oppose evolution, dooming themselves to all those blows and vicissitudes of fate, with which opposition to cosmic laws is associated.

Ignorance is the main enemy of man and the source of many of his sufferings. Unfortunately, people are lazy and don't like to study. Many people live their whole lives with the knowledge that they acquired in childhood, in elementary school.

In the coming era, such knowledge is needed that should illuminate that area of ​​​​our existence, about which the majority of people have very vague or very perverted ideas, which many are interested in for entertainment or fun, and others for deceit and profit.

The coming era requires knowledge of the cosmic laws of both the visible and invisible worlds. It requires recognition of the invisible world. But the recognition of the invisible world, which, due to its invisibility, has until now been recognized as non-existent, must radically change all the foundations of the existing materialistic worldview, all existing concepts and beliefs.

This state of affairs cannot go on forever.the crown of creation, man, lives without knowing the purpose and meaning of his existence. He must, finally, cognize the foundations of Being, he must cognize the laws of the higher spiritual world, the cosmic laws.

Knowledge of the laws is a necessary condition for life in all human organizations and collectives. Most of the legislative codes of various states begin with the formula: "No one can excuse himself through ignorance of the law. Violation of the law through ignorance does not exempt a person from punishment."

Meanwhile, most people live in the Cosmos in complete ignorance of cosmic laws, violating them at every step of their lives, with every deed, word and thought, and are surprised that their life is full of vicissitudes and blows.

In the entire observable history of mankind, one can trace the desire of people to build a fairly harmonious system of the universe in their minds, determine their place in it and continue to live, focusing on these ideas. For this, many different religions and teachings have been created. All these religions and teachings have a lot in common. For example, they all claim that a person has a soul that does not die, but remains after the death of the physical body and after some time is reincarnated on Earth. Meanwhile, historians have long noticed that all these religions and teachings arose on Earth almost simultaneously (by historical standards) in different parts of the Earth: in Europe, in India, in China, when there was still no communication between these parts of the world. The conclusion suggests itself that all these religions and teachings were given by someone to people.

There are several facts that cannot be refuted. For example, the well-known science of Astrology has existed for many hundreds of years. Astrologers have long been calculating the movement of such planets as Uranus, Neptune, Pluto, but modern science discovered Uranus and Neptune only in the 19th century, and even then based on the calculated data of Astrology, and Pluto was discovered in 1930! Where does this cosmic knowledge of astrologers come from? But modern science cannot explain astrology! But the predictions of astrologers about the fate of people come true! Unless, of course, these are real astrologers.

Scientists have discovered the Dogon tribe in Africa, which is at a very low level of development (according to our concepts), but they have long known that Sirius is a double star and the orbital period of this double star is known. Whereas modern science established this just a few years ago.

Well, how to evaluate the legacy left by the Miami civilization, which disappeared without a trace 600 years before the coming of Christ? Scientists are still puzzling over the mysteries of their cultures and are amazed at their high knowledge of the cosmos. The Miamians knew something we still don't know. And the Egyptian pyramids?

Anyone who is interested in these things begins to understand well that all this rich knowledge was given to people by aliens from outer space. What, they used to give, but now they don't? They are given, and practically without hiding from people! But do people want to receive this knowledge, or are they more interested in the price of vodka? Or maybe people think that the processes taking place in the Cosmos will not affect them? Maybe it is not necessary to know the Laws of the Cosmos? And what is a man, where did he come from and why does he live on Earth? This is the worldview of modern man.

Novosibirsk College of Electronics

Course "Social Studies"

Man's worldview

Fulfilled

student 122 groups

Prudnikov S.G.

Checked

Cherepanova E.V.

Novosibirsk 2003

Introduction ................................................ .............3

1.What is a worldview? .......................................four

2. What is the outlook? ................................four

3. Three main types of worldview .............................................. 5

3.1 Ordinary worldview……………………….5

3.2 Religious worldview……………………...6

3.3 Scientific outlook...............................................................7

4. Consciously formed worldview .............................. 8

5.Society and the formation of a worldview .............................. 8

5.2 Totalitarian society...............................................8

5.1 Democratic society...............................................9

6. Worldview of our era .............................................. 9

7. Conclusion………………………………………………..10

8. List of literature used .............................. 13

Introduction.

No two people in the world have the same skin patterns.

fingers, no two people have the same fate. Each person is individual and unique. No two people

with the same spiritual world. But does this mean that

nothing unites it with another?

Of course no. People are united by a lot: homeland,

place of residence, position in society, language, age.

But what unites - it also separates: people can

be a different place of residence, a different place in life

society, another language, age. The spiritual world also has

uniting and separating people: spiritual inte -

answers, life positions, value orientations, level

knowledge. Analysis of the monuments of spiritual culture of all stages

development of mankind, as well as the analysis of the spiritual world

of our contemporaries, shows that one of the most important -

The main element is the worldview.

1.What is a worldview?

In the simplest, most common sense

worldview is the totality of a person's views on

the world that surrounds him. There are other words that are close to the worldview: worldview, worldview. All of them

suggest, on the one hand, the world that surrounds

person, and on the other hand, what is associated with the activity

person: his sensations, contemplation, understanding, his

vision, view of the world.

The worldview is different from other elements of the spiritual

the world of man by the fact that it, firstly, represents co-

battle the views of man are not on any particular side

the world, namely the world as a whole. Secondly, outlook

represents the attitude of a person to the world around him: he is afraid, whether a person is afraid of this world, or he

lives in harmony, in harmony with him?

Thus, worldview is a complex phenomenon of spirits -

nogo world of man.

2. What is the outlook?

First of all, we note that the worldview of a person is but -

sits a historical character: each era of human is -

torii has its own level of knowledge, its own problems,

facing people, their approaches to their solution,

their spiritual values.

We can say: how many people, so many worldviews.

However, this would be incorrect. After all, we have already noted that

dey not only separates something, but also unites the community

homeland, language, culture, history of their people, property -

venous position. People are united by school, character

education, general level of knowledge, common values. Poe -

it is not surprising that people can have similar, about -

positions in the consideration of the world, in its understanding and evaluation -

The classification of worldview types can be time -

personal. Thus, in the history of philosophy, there are several approaches to the development of worldview attitudes. Some of them give priority to God (theocentrism) or nature (nature-centrism), others give priority to man (anthropocentrism), or society (sociocentrism), or knowledge, science (knowledge-centrism, science-centrism). Sometimes the worldview is divided into progressive and reactionary.

3. Three types of worldview

It is common to distinguish the following types of world carriers -

vision: everyday, religious, scientific.

3.1 Ordinary world view

Ordinary worldview arises in a person's life in

the process of his personal practical activity, therefore it is sometimes called worldly outlook. views

man in this case are not substantiated by religious arguments or scientific data. It is formed spontaneously

especially if a person was not interested in worldviews -

some questions in an educational institution, did not study independently -

philosophy, did not get acquainted with the content of religion -

oz teachings. Of course, one cannot completely exclude the influence of

knowledge of religions or the achievements of science, for a person is constant -

but communicates with different people; tangible and influence

public media. But the transformation

the everyday, everyday basis is fine. Ordinary world carrier -

vision is based on direct life experience

of a person - and this is its strength, but it makes little use of the experience

other people, the experience of science and culture, the experience of religious

consciousness as an element of world culture - this is its weakness -

Ordinary worldview is very widespread,

since the efforts of educational institutions and pastors of the church

often touch only the very surface of the sphere of spirits -

human life and do not always leave a noticeable

3.2 Religious outlook

Religious worldview - a worldview, the main of which is the religious teachings contained in

such monuments of world spiritual culture as the Bible,

Koran, holy books of Buddhists, Talmud and some others.

Recall that religion contains a certain picture.

world, the doctrine of the destiny of man, commandments, for example -

influencing the formation of his particular way of life,

for the salvation of the soul. Religious outlook is also

advantages and disadvantages. To his strengths

attribute a close connection with the world cultural heritage,

focus on solving spiritual problems

human needs, the desire to give a person faith in

the possibility of achieving the set goals.

The weak sides of the religious worldview are -

there is intransigence towards other positions in life, not -

sufficient attention to the achievements of science, and sometimes their

ignoring. True, lately many gods -

words express the idea that theology faces

the task of developing a new way of thinking,

“on proportionality

God to the changes given by science and technology.” But on -

yet theologians cannot say with certainty, “which

it is the type of consent that can be established between labo-

a stool and a church pew.”

3.3 Scientific outlook

Is the legal heir to that direction of the world

Philosophical thought, which in its development is constantly

Based on the achievements of science. It includes the scientific picture of the world, the generalized results of the achievement of human knowledge, the principles of relationship

human beings in natural and artificial environments.

The scientific worldview also has advantages and disadvantages -

stats. The advantages include its solid justification -

ness of the achievements of science, the reality contained in it

goals and ideals, an organic connection with production and

social practical activity of people. But you can't

turn a blind eye to the fact that a person has not yet taken pre-

having a place. Man, humanity, humanity

it is truly a global problem of the present and future.

The development of this triad is an inexhaustible task, but inexhaustible

the scooping of the task does not require removal from it, but us -

perseverance in solving it. This is the dominant owl -

belt science, designed to enrich the worldview.

Turn to man, mankind, humanity if he

becomes comprehensive, may become decisive

ennobling factor for all types of worldview -

nia; then their main common feature will be humanistic

orientation.

Such a worldview is most promising for the figure -

of people striving to carry out the development of society along the path of scientific, technical, social and environmental

no progress, but humanity is still in the very

on the way to a broad mastery of its fundamentals.

Consciously shaped mindset

In society, there has long been a conscious striving -

to develop a holistic and justified worldview,

within the framework of which the whole history of man would be comprehended -

quality, its cognitive and transformative activity -

ness, culture and value orientations. Mi development -

outlook usually follows a certain tradition,

based on one direction or another in philosophy. Consciousness -

striving to develop a holistic worldview

manifest different social groups of people, polit -

political parties, which see in it the basis not only of their own

spiritual unity, but also programs of concrete actions

for the transformation of society.

A worldview of this type can be built on the most

different philosophical foundations.

It can be both religious and non-religious, with -

than in the first case, its development is carried out with

What is a mindset and how is it formed?

In the previous lesson, we focused on the concept of personality. The formation of a personality is connected with the formation of a worldview. A worldview occurs as a result of cognitive activity. It is human nature to ask questions: "Who am I? What am I? How is the world? What is the sense of life?"- questions of self-knowledge and knowledge of the world around. Searching and finding answers to them forms the human worldview. The topic of the lesson refers to one of the complex philosophical topics, since it affects the inner spiritual world of a person. Man is not only a biological and social being, but also a spiritual being. What is the spiritual world? What does it consist of? The spiritual world is the world of thoughts and feelings, knowledge and beliefs, ideas and principles, intellect and creativity. It is also individual and unique as a human appearance. The inner world is constantly evolving and manifests itself in human behavior. So, worldview is one of the phenomena of the spiritual world of man. We formulate the main definition of the topic:

outlook- this is a holistic view of nature, society, man, which is expressed in the system of values ​​and ideals of the individual, social group, society.

Worldview is formed throughout life, is the result of upbringing and a person's own life experience. With age, the worldview becomes more and more conscious. An adult person knows why and for what he acts, feels personal responsibility for what is happening in his life and does not blame others for what happened. He is self-sufficient and does not depend on the opinions of the people around him. Has adequate self-esteem - an assessment of their own strengths and weaknesses (I-image). Which is overestimated, realistic (adequate) and underestimated. The level of self-esteem is influenced by an imaginary or real ideal that a person wants to be like. The impact of assessments of other people on how a person evaluates himself is great. Also, the level of self-esteem is affected by a person's attitude to their own successes and failures.

The formation of the worldview is influenced by:

Firstly, human environment. A person, observing the actions and assessments of others, accepts something, but rejects something, agrees with something, but not with something.

Secondly, social conditions and state structure. The older generation, comparing Soviet youth with today's, emphasizes that at that time they worked for the good of the people and even to the detriment of their own interests. This was in line with the requirements of the Soviet era. The current socio-cultural situation in our country requires the formation of a competitive personality aimed at achieving one's own success.

Types and forms of worldview

In the context of the tasks of the control and measuring materials of the OGE and the Unified State Examination, knowledge of three forms of worldview is mainly checked: everyday, religious and scientific. But there are more forms of worldview. In addition to those mentioned, there are mythological, philosophical, artistic and others. Historically, the first form of worldview is mythological. Primitive people understood and explained the structure of the world intuitively. No one sought to verify or prove the truth of the myths about gods, titans, fantastic creatures. Primitive mythology is needed for the study of philosophy, history, art and literature. This form of thinking still exists today. For example, the doctrine of the existence of life on Mars, comic book characters (Spider-Man, Batman). Consider the features of the main forms:

1) Ordinary worldview. This form is formed in everyday life, therefore it is based on a person’s personal life experience and relies on common sense. A person works and rests, raises children, votes in elections, observes specific life events, and learns lessons. He formulates the rules of conduct, knows what is good and what is bad. This is how everyday knowledge and ideas are accumulated and a worldview is formed. At the level of everyday worldview, there is folk medicine, rituals and customs, folklore.

2) Religious outlook. The source of this worldview is religion - belief in the supernatural, in God. In the earliest stages of human development, religion was intertwined with mythology, but eventually separated from it. If the main feature of the mythological worldview was polytheism, then for the religious worldview it was monotheism (belief in one God). Religion divides the world into natural and supernatural, which are created and controlled by the almighty God. A religious person strives to act and act as required by religion. He performs cult actions (prayer, sacrifice) and is aimed at spiritual and moral perfection.

3) scientific outlook. This form is typical for people producing knowledge (scientists, researchers). In their understanding of the world, the main place is occupied by the scientific picture of the world, the laws and regularities of nature, society and consciousness. Everything unrecognized by science (UFOs, aliens) is denied. A scientific person is divorced from real life, he is constantly striving to learn something, explore, logically substantiate and prove. And if he fails, he despairs. But after a while, he again takes up facts, questions, problems, research. Because it is in the eternal search for truth.

There is no pure form of worldview. All of these forms are combined in a person, but one of them occupies a leading position.

The structure of the worldview

There are three structural components of the worldview: worldview, worldview and worldview. In worldviews differing in form, they are reflected in different ways.

attitude- these are the sensations of a person in the events of his own life, his feelings, thoughts, moods and actions.

The formation of a worldview begins with a worldview. As a result of sensory awareness of the world, images are formed in the human mind. According to their attitude, people are divided into optimists and pessimists. The former think positively and believe that the world is favorable to them. They show respect for others and rejoice in their success. Optimists set goals for themselves, and when life's difficulties arise, they enthusiastically solve them. The latter, on the contrary, think negatively and are convinced that the world is harsh on them. They hold grudges and blame others for their troubles. When difficulties arise, they lament with grief “why do I need all this ...”, they worry and do nothing. Perception is followed by perception of the world.

worldview is a vision of the world friendly or hostile.

Each person, perceiving the events taking place in life, draws his own internal picture of the world, colored positively or negatively. A person thinks who he is in this world, a winner or a loser. Surrounding people are divided into good and bad, friends and enemies. The highest level of worldview awareness of the world is worldview.

world outlook- these are images of the surrounding life, formed in the mind of a person.

These images depend on the information that is laid down in human memory from early childhood. The very first understanding of the world begins with the image of a mother who strokes, kisses, caresses at home. With age, it expands more and more to the courtyard, street, city, country, planet, universe.

There are two levels of worldview: ordinary - practical (or everyday) and rational (or theoretical). The first level develops in everyday life, is associated with the emotional and psychological side of the worldview and corresponds to the sensual comprehension of the world. And the second level arises as a result of a rational understanding of the world, is associated with the cognitive-intellectual side of the worldview and the presence of a conceptual apparatus in a person. The source of the ordinary-practical level is feelings and emotions, and the source of the rational level is the mind and reason.

Exercise: Drawing on the knowledge gained in this lesson, give one sentence about the ways of forming a worldview and one sentence about the role of a worldview in a person's life. Write your answers in the comments to the lesson. Be active)))

The great mystic, Indian spiritual leader Osho said that there are no people who would see the world around them in the same way, because this is simply impossible.

Each person is forced to move from his own place, from his own living space. This suggests that each person has his own worldview, on the basis of which he builds his life and interacts with other people.

The worldview contains a person's views on the world around him, society and himself. It can be compared with the concepts of worldview and mentality, where the worldview has the most extensive meaning.

The worldview reflects emotional experiences, the mentality is a product of mental activity and depends on the cultural development of a person, and the worldview combines all these components, creating a whole structure, a range of ideas of the individual about the surrounding reality. A person is endowed with freedom, which involves a choice, and each choice comes from certain views on the world.

Obviously, all components of the worldview are of great importance in the successful life of a person at different levels. The worldview, its forms and types create a holistic view of the world and society, orients the individual to achieve goals, preserve values, and also unites people.

The concept of worldview is very ambiguous, its structure includes complex components that each person manifests individually. In general terms, its structure is the interaction of three components, which together create an inner world that stands firmly on the foundation of reality, value and meaning:

• Individual picture of the world. These are stable ideas of a person about the surrounding reality, which are formed on the basis of knowledge and experience of the historical past in connection with the present. A person cannot control the influence of this component, because you cannot choose the era of your birth.
• Individual ratings. This is a set of views and judgments based on a common value orientation, as well as a person's life ideals.
• personal meanings. This includes a person's ideas about the meaning of his existence, on the basis of which social attitudes are formed and specific life goals are built.

The worldview of the individual is formed in the process of socialization and the gradual formation of the individual on the basis of knowledge and personal life experience.

Describing the concept of seeing the world, its essence and structure, it is important to highlight its intellectual and emotional components:

• worldview - the intellectual essence of the worldview, which covers stable knowledge in the form of various theories, principles and laws;
• worldview - the emotional essence of the worldview, consisting of a wide range of emotions, feelings, moods that help to create a holistic deep understanding of an object or situation.

As a result of the productive interaction of these components, the main components of the worldview are formed: an integral set of clear beliefs, actions, actions of the individual, which become the basis for self-expression. Now it is obvious that it is the vision of the world that is the background against which all behavioral reactions and actions of a person appear, against which his spiritual orientation is manifested.

Historical angle

In order to come to an understanding of the worldview of a modern person, one should analyze the main historical forms of the worldview, which, at the same time, are the stages of its development in different periods of the life of society in the course of history, and in a certain form are preserved in our time.

• Mythological. It originated in primitive society, its spread in antiquity. At that time, the myth was a full-fledged part of human consciousness, served as a tool that could easily explain those phenomena that a person could not yet realize due to a lack of accurate scientific knowledge. In such a worldview, man and nature act as a single integral organism, the parts of which are equal. There were also no boundaries between fiction and reality, where the concept of the supernatural always found its justification. In the modern world, this worldview exists in separate aspects. For example, when computers and various technical devices are endowed with the qualities of living beings.
• Religious. It develops in the Middle Ages, when the relationship between man and nature becomes more alienated, and ideas about an ideal being come to the fore, in comparison with which a person is a creature of a lower level of development. Man bows before God, holy objects and things. The world becomes double: sinful earthly and ideal heavenly. A person sees the world more narrowly, builds his own framework in the form of a division into good and evil, which are in eternal unity. In our time, this type of worldview does not lose its popularity in certain circles of people.
• Scientific. The rapid development of science has had a strong influence on the concept of a person's worldview, making it more realistic, factual and reasoned. Here the main role is played by the objective reality of the surrounding world and relationships. Attention deserves specific rational facts, devoid of subjective coloring. This type of worldview is leading in the modern world, leaving far behind, in the historical past, myths and religion.
• Philosophical. This type of worldview includes certain elements of the mythological, religious, scientific worldview. With its roots in myths and religion, it uses theoretical scientific data. The main point that distinguishes this form of worldview from religion and myths is its freedom from illusions, fantasies, idealization, assuming complete "submission" to logic, objective reality. At the same time, philosophy pushes the limits of science, trying to give a deeper and multidimensional concept to "dry" scientific facts, which are often not able to form a complete picture of the world.

The worldview of modern man

What is the worldview of modern man? The answer to this question lies through the concept and understanding of the main types of worldview, which can be called its main directions.

Among them are the following main types:

Ordinary mindset.

It is also called life-practical or simply life philosophy. It is inherent in every person, because it is a reflection of his everyday experience and is built on the basis of the so-called "sober" approach to life. This type of worldview reflects the general mood in society, being an element of mass consciousness. At the same time, this worldview is very individual, therefore it reflects the cultural, professional, intellectual and even national differences of people. The main disadvantage of such a worldview is the mixing of stereotypes, prejudices and scientific data, to which one can add excessive emotionality. All this together confuses a person, leads to unreasoned, and sometimes inadequate judgments.

theoretical outlook.

This type of worldview is a "set" of logical rational argumentation of one's own point of view, principles, knowledge, ideals and goals. The core or basis of such a worldview is precisely the philosophical understanding of the surrounding reality. As you already understood, the philosophical worldview allows you to evaluate things and phenomena of life more deeply and multifaceted, based on specific theoretical knowledge, without making hasty conclusions, without falling into the skepticism of science.

The modern world follows the ideals of democracy and humanism, where the highest value is the human person. The basis of this direction of thought is the humanistic worldview, the essence of which was perfectly expressed by E. Kant: "A person can only be an end, but not a means for another person." Such a worldview may seem ideal and unlikely, but this is the peak that is worth the effort spent on conquering it. Try to follow the fundamental principles of the humanistic worldview:

• Man is the highest value, he is equal in relation to other people;
• Every person, without exception, is self-sufficient;
• Each person has unlimited opportunities for self-improvement, personal growth and creative potential;
• In the course of the development of civilization, each person is able to overcome the negative qualities of his personality, developing his positive potential;
• Every Human is capable of radical inner transformations;
• A person is able not only to develop himself, but also to have a positive impact on other people, cultivating his values;
• The main goal of a person is to find himself, his identity, focusing on his own personal resources that every person has, without exception.

Worldview - video lesson.

Being born, a person is not yet a person, but gradually transforms into it, assimilating information about the world around him and forming his own views about it. Skills such as learning, assimilation, processing of the received data and their critical evaluation help people develop a system of intellectual and emotional assessment of reality.

The principles, ideals and views of the world put together, backed up by the actions corresponding to them, constitute the essence of a person's worldview. The summation of all the components of the system is the spiritual and practical activity of the individual.

vision of the world

The system of a person's views on the surrounding reality and the ability to master it, his ethical values, the generalization of the natural scientific, technical, philosophical and other knowledge at his disposal, this is what a worldview is.

For the first time this term was introduced at the end of the 18th century in the meaning of "view of the Universe" by the German philosopher Kant. Only from the second half of the 19th century. it began to mean a system based on judgments about the world and the place that a person occupies in it.

In fact, this concept means a complex interaction of various blocks of knowledge, beliefs, emotions, thoughts and moods, combined into a kind of understanding by people of the surrounding reality and themselves in it.

Each individual individually, having his own set of opinions and views on reality, can unite in groups, communities, families or other organizations with people with similar opinions. Depending on what values, points of view or life programs determine their consciousness, peoples, various strata of society, an intellectual or social elite, or classes are formed.

The development of the worldview of civilizations

Observing the phenomena occurring in nature, people from ancient times tried to give them at least some explanation. The easiest way to do this was to declare their existence and everything around them to be the manifestation of the will of the gods. Thus, a supernatural and mythical vision of what is happening was formed, which was the main one for several millennia.

The main thing that such a worldview explained was the illusory nature of life, since everything is predetermined by the gods, which most people confirmed by resigning themselves to such a view of reality. Thanks to those individuals who went against the accepted judgments (did not obey the will of the gods), history and, accordingly, the worldview in the minds of people and entire civilizations changed.

Arguing about the existing orders in the phenomena of nature and comparing them, people created such a science as philosophy. Thanks to the ability to cognize the surrounding reality in all its versatility, man has constantly improved the model of the Universe, the Earth and studied his place in it.

As experience in cognition of reality was accumulated and tested in practice, sciences appeared among civilizations, the worldview changed. For example, observations of changes in the starry sky formed the basis of astrology, and then astronomy.

The structure of the worldview

As you know, the formation of a worldview begins at the age of two or three. By the age of seven, children already develop a personal worldview based on the experience and its practical application that they have managed to gain and process.

The main questions characterizing human activity at any age are:

• know what he wants;
• have an idea how to achieve it;
• want exactly this;
• achieve what you want.

To understand what a worldview is, one should know what structural elements it consists of:

• cognitive - includes all scientific, social, technical, everyday and other knowledge that is known to man and together create his universal worldview;
• value-normative - includes the ideals and beliefs that underlie the actions of each individual and make up his system of values;
• moral-volitional - combines the existing system of knowledge with the emotional perception of reality and the definition of a person's place in society, the team, the world and attitude towards it;
• practical - the worldview is considered complete and is perceived as a guide to actions, by which it is possible to determine what values ​​underlie it.

People may change their beliefs throughout their lives, but the core values ​​remain constant.

The essence of the worldview

The main condition for the development of the human personality is the constant study of the surrounding reality, the changes taking place in it and adaptation to them.

To understand what the essence of a worldview is, one should consider the levels of which it consists:

• Attitude - the ability of people to adapt to the environment and navigate it. At this level, knowledge of the world is carried out at the expense of 5 sense organs and the work of the unconscious. Here is an emotional assessment of reality. For example, an unexpected feeling of joy and happiness occurs at the unconscious level before the brain begins to look for the reason that led to such a change in mood.
• Understanding the world is work at the level of consciousness, during which information about the surrounding reality is received and processed. During this process, 2 types of perception are manifested:

1. Ordinary, during which a person makes up his mind about the desired standard of living, people around him, work, country, politicians, family relationships and much more.
2. Theoretical type - a general knowledge of being, one's place in the world, based on the available data of various sciences or philosophy.

The essence of the worldview lies in the reduction of all levels of perception of reality into a single system of values, knowledge and their emotional assessment in a certain life position, confirmed by human actions.

Main types

The theoretical basis of the worldview is philosophy, and the practical one is the spiritual integrity of a person, confirmed by his activity. Conventionally, it can be divided into several types:

• Archaic - the period when humanity perceived the world as alive and interacted with it, based on this knowledge. This type is characterized by totemism, one of the properties of which was the identification of people with animals, birds or natural phenomena.
• The next level of development is a mythological type of worldview, according to which everything visible and invisible tends not only to have an image, but also to interact with a person and with each other. People communicate with the gods, make sacrifices to them, pray, build temples, observe rituals, and may even compete or oppose them.
• The religious type separates man from the world of spirits. There are no gods on Olympus, but people have not lost faith in them. Other rituals, dogmas, commandments appeared, but the authority of the gods was undeniable.
• The philosophical type is based on critical consciousness, which does not accept the old postulates on faith, but requires their logical confirmation.

Each type of worldview had its own principles. Depending on the changing views on the surrounding reality, all eras have their own values.

Basic principles

The main principles of the worldview relate to the relationship of God with the world and are divided into:

• Atheism is the denial of the existence of the supernatural and gods, and the fundamental principle of everything is matter, the study of which is possible only in a sensual way.
• Skepticism - the principle is based on doubts about the immutability of truth and the denial of the divine destiny of man and the meaning of his life. People who share these views believe that the individual is obliged to determine his own destiny, the main values ​​​​of the worldview of which should be to achieve the maximum amount of pleasure.
• Pantheism is the belief in a certain foundation of the world that gave rise to all things. The form of studying reality in pantheism is the observation of reality and deduction on the physical level, and mystical intuition on the spiritual level.
• Creationism is a principle that affirms God as the root cause of everything, but separates the components that underlie the world from the nature of the Creator himself.

Summarizing what a worldview is, we can determine that it is the totality of all knowledge, feelings, views and assessments of the reality of a person in his understanding of the world.

Current problems

The main problem of the worldview is the contradictions in people's views on the existing reality. Each individual sees it through their own lens of perception, which focuses on beliefs and basic life attitudes, confirmed in practice. It is the difference in what people focus on that makes them so different.

For example, who focuses on money, accumulates capital, who, in their absence, breeds poverty.

The influence of worldview on the level and quality of people's lives has been experimentally proven. As soon as a person changes his beliefs and focuses on new settings (prosperity, health, love, career and much more), the picture of the world begins to gradually change.

It is important to remember that the problem with changes is the delay in time. If a person believed for a long time that he could not become rich, then it would take some time for the new views of the worldview to “take root” in the subconscious.

Spiritual Aspect

It used to be believed that people are individuals who receive spiritual experience throughout their lives. Modern sciences come to the conclusion that man is a spirit gaining experience in a physical body. Today, more and more attention is paid to the study of the relationship between the Creator and his creation.

The spiritual worldview of people is built on the acceptance or rejection of God. Harmony is based on:

• love for the world in general;
• acceptance of ongoing events as a manifestation of divine will;
• connecting to the energy of love through prayer;
• realization of one's own life through its harmonious living;
• balance in all areas of life.

In the absence of spiritual development, people are filled with resentment, adversity, illness and misunderstanding of the meaning of life.

Worldview today

The world community that exists today is integrated on a global scale. The modern worldview of a person includes the sum of knowledge of all available sciences at the level of a non-specialist. It is based on the knowledge of reality through the 5 senses with further processing of information by the mind.

From the received data, a person builds his own picture of the world, which he can consciously influence and modify. The only thing that has remained unchanged is the purpose of man. She is still in the knowledge of the world and a place in it.

main function

The role of the worldview is to manage and direct human activity. It can be expressed in two functions:

• activity through a system of values ​​with a direction towards the goal (the fundamental question is in the name of what I am doing this);
• definition of a strategy to achieve it (how I will come to this).

The main function of the worldview is to determine the place of a person in the surrounding reality.

world consciousness

The totality of all the actions of each individual is a realized worldview. The nature of world consciousness is manifested in the diversity of human views on reality.