The winch is one of the oldest devices that facilitate the movement of weights, invented by man much earlier than he knew the laws of physics. The principle of operation of the winch is based on the rule of the lever: applying little effort to the handle, you can move and lift quite heavy objects. Winches and hoists are widely used on the farm for lifting building materials, dragging goods and even for plowing the land. Winches powered by manual or electric drive are also indispensable for off-road enthusiasts.

Buy a winch or make it yourself? Which winch design is best? The answers to these questions depend on how often you are going to use it, what loads to move. Manual winches require force but are not dependent on electrical power. An electric winch can move heavy loads without any effort on your part, but it must be connected to the mains or battery. Below are the designs of several winches, which you can do with your own hands, which winch to choose is up to you.

Winch from a cable and a piece of pipe

A variant of the simplest winch, which can be literally made from improvised materials and in a few minutes, is popular with motorists. This design is a cable rigidly fixed on a piece of pipe, put on the axle. The axle is driven into the ground or fixed in some other way. Any lever is slipped under the lower coil of the cable: a handle from a shovel, a pipe, a strong pole. By rotating the lever so that the cable is wound around the pipe, you can move a fairly heavy object, such as a stuck car. This device cannot be called a full-fledged winch, but it performs its functions.

Hand winches include any device that allows you to move loads and has a manual drive. The most common are drum-type winches: a cable is wound on the reel, and the reel is rotated with the help of a handle through a reduction gear: a worm gear or a system of sprockets of different sizes. The larger the gear ratio, the less force is required to apply to the handle.

For efficient operation, a hand winch must be rigidly fixed to a stationary object; for this, mounting holes are made on the winch frame. The handle is connected to the shaft, on which a small asterisk is rigidly fixed. The coil is rigidly connected to a large sprocket, which has a clutch with a small one. The cable is attached at one end to the coil, a carabiner or hook is attached to the second end.

Do-it-yourself winch with manual or electric drive

If you have the skills to work with a welding machine, you can make a winch yourself from improvised materials.

You will need:

• Rectangular tube for making the frame;
• Pipe or finished shaft for the drum;
• Sheet metal for drum discs, thickness 3 mm;
• Studs with M10-M12 thread, 24 cm long - 6 pieces, nuts;
• Tube with a diameter of Ø14 - 6 identical pieces of 20 cm;
• Large and small sprockets and chain;
• Hubs for attaching the drum to the shaft and for attaching the shaft to the frame;
• Lever for manual drive, gasoline or electric motor powered by ~220 V mains or car battery;
• Cable of the required length with a carabiner at the end;
• Welding machine and electrodes;
• Bulgarian with a cutting and grinding disc;
• Paint and primer for metal;

Set of wrenches.

Winch manufacturing technology:

1. According to the drawing, a grinder cuts a rectangular pipe 20x20 mm for the frame. All perpendicular joints are obtained by cutting blanks at an angle of 45 degrees.

   

2. Lay out the blanks on a flat surface. The winch frame is welded using a welding machine pointwise at the junction of the workpieces. Check the perpendicularity of the corners and the conformity of the dimensions, after which the seams are completely boiled. Weld a sheet metal platform with longitudinal grooves for mounting the drive motor. Remove scale and burrs with a grinding wheel grinder.

   

3. The frame is sanded, coated with a primer for metal, and after drying - with paint or enamel in two layers.

   

4. Start making the drum. Two circles of the same diameter are cut out of sheet metal - approximately 30 cm. In the center of each circle, a hole is drilled along the diameter of the shaft, six holes are also made at a distance of 7-8 cm from the center. Drill holes for fastening the hubs - 4 on each disk. Attach the hubs to the bolted connection. The drum disks are fastened with studs: each stud is fixed in one disk, a Ø14 tube is put on it, after which a second disk is put on the studs and tightened onto nuts and locknuts.

   

5. The drum is mounted on a shaft. The shaft can be made from a metal pipe of a suitable diameter or a ready-made high-strength steel shaft from any mechanism can be used. A large sprocket is fixed on the shaft on the outside of the drum - you can use an asterisk from a motorcycle gearbox, for example. Hubs are installed on the protruding parts of the shaft to fix the drum on the frame.

   

6. Install the drum with the shaft on the frame, fixing them with external hubs and bolts. An electric or gasoline engine with a small sprocket rigidly fixed to the output shaft is installed on the site. They put on the chain and adjust its tension by moving the electric motor along the site in rectangular mounting grooves to the optimal position. The chain should not sag, but too much tension is undesirable - the wear of the sprockets will increase, and the chain may also break. You can check the tension of the chain by turning the drum with your hands - it should not restrain the rotation of the drum when the cable is unwound.

   

7. A cable is wound around the drum, fixing its end on the shaft. The second end of the cable is equipped with a strong carabiner. For ease of movement, the winch is fixed to the frame with a wheel pair using a shank.

   

8. The shank on the opposite side is designed to attach the winch to the car. In this case, it is recommended to close the drum with a protective cover that prevents dirt and precipitation from getting on the cable.

   

9. If the drive is planned to be universal, then a handle can be mounted on the outside of the shaft. In this case, in the absence of fuel or electricity, it will be possible to use the winch manually.

The presented design of the winch is simple and reliable, and although it does not have the ability to switch the gear ratio, reverse and other auxiliary functions, it performs the task of moving heavy loads in a horizontal plane perfectly. If it is necessary to lift the load to a greater height, such a winch can be used in combination with a manual hoist or simply by throwing the cable over a solid support.

Thus, in today's lesson, we examined the creation of a manual winch with our own hands, subscribe to our group and stay up to date with all the significant news!.

A mobile and simpler, stationary crane beam in the garage with your own hands is quite doable if you have a welding machine and two days of free time. For a professional auto repair shop, it is easier to buy ready-made lifting equipment.

If the need for a crane is rare, then it is cheaper to make a simple and reliable lift yourself. Such a homemade crane will easily lift the weight up to 800 kg, and this is quite enough for repair work in the garage.

In order to make a frame for a small beam crane in a standard garage with your own hands, you will need the following materials:

• I-beam (4 - 4.5 meters) - the required footage depends on the height of the garage;
• pipe (diameter 10-12 cm), length 2.4 meters - 2 pieces;
• one square pipe (10x10 cm);
• corners (10x10);
• manual hoist and telfer;
• bolts (M16) with nuts.

If you plan to build a mobile crane beam, then you need four more rollers and a hoist.

The procedure for making a crane frame with your own hands:

• we weld the legs of the crane - corners must be welded to the I-pipe on both sides;
• the location of the corner is at an angle of 45 degrees. It turns out a kind of stiffeners that will firmly fix the rack, which accounts for the bulk of the load carried by the crane;
• We weld two triangles, spacers on each crane stand.

• if the crane is a mobile beam, then on both sides from the bottom, on each rack, a roller must be welded to the horizontal - ordinary rollers for metal containers are suitable, furniture ones will not withstand the weight;
• from above, as a crossbar, we fix the pipe along which the lifting mechanism will move;
• in the center of the pipe we weld an I-beam to fasten the roller along which the steel cable of the crane lifting mechanism will move.

• on top of the I-beam we weld a piece of a square pipe (to stiffen the frame) - 40 cm. The pipe should protrude at least 20 cm on both sides. It turns out that the side stand is located in the middle of the crossbar stiffening pipe;
• insert the transverse tube of the frame crossbar into the square tube;
• we drill through holes for the fastening bolts on both sides of the square holder and in the crossbar tube itself - we need a rigid reliable fixation on both sides of the vertical rack.

It turns out a U-shaped design of the crane frame, which is installed on rigid legs with struts, and a crossbar pipe is rigidly bolted to the top.

Installation of the lifting mechanism - manual or automatic

For mechanical lifting of loads on the frame, you need to install a manual hoist - a worm winch and a cable. How to fix the hoist on the frame:

• on the side of the rack we install a manual worm winch (load capacity 800 kg, no less);
• the steel cable moves on rollers.

This mechanism makes it easy to lift the engine or car by the hood on one side.

You can take the lifting mechanism and rollers from the elevator door as a drive. There rollers are reliable and durable.

An electric lift drive can also be installed on the manufactured base. A 300 - 500 W engine will be enough for simple repair work in the garage.

Such cranes are often used for the repair and reconstruction of old wooden houses. The construction of a log house will go faster if the logs are laid using a mobile homemade crane. In this case, the width of the frame is along the length of the logs.

And you can make a simpler lift for the engine, on one support, watch the video.

The winch is an indispensable device, both in the household and in the garage. Raise a roll of roofing material onto the roof, throw a couple of bags of cement into the window of the second floor of a private house under construction, pull the engine out of the bonnet space, and drag the broken car itself into the garage ... This is an incomplete list of things that you can easily do alone with her help.

Drum-type devices for lifting or moving heavy loads differ in the way they transmit torque. From the school physics course, we know how the shoulder works. Losing in speed or distance - we win in strength. The phrase of Archimedes: “Give me a fulcrum, and I will turn the Earth over” just describes the principle of the winch.

IMPORTANT! When working with such a device, the fulcrum is the body and the place where the winch is attached. Both elements must be reliable.

A hand winch, with the help of an attached shoulder, increases human strength so much that one operator can move cars or lift loads of several hundred kilograms. With the same (from the point of view of mechanics) principle of operation, these devices have different ways of execution.

Manual drum winch - varieties

A hand winch with a drum is a classic of the genre. In addition to the common element - the pulley on which the cable is wound, the devices have different types of drive.

A large, main gear is firmly attached to the drum. On it, and on the mount, the entire load falls. Therefore, the reliability of the elements must be at the proper level. In engagement with the main gear, there is a small drive gear.

The ratio of the number of teeth is the value of the gear ratio. In other words, the amplification factor. The drive gear is integral with the drive shaft. Since we are talking about a hand tool, a handle is put on the shaft for rotation.

The length of the lever also affects the degree of reinforcement. The larger the lever arm, the less effort must be applied.

With the help of such devices, you can lift several centners of cargo alone or move a car weighing 2-3 tons. At the same time, the rotation speed of the drum is quite high.

The design consists of two or more pairs of gears, each of which has a gain factor of tens of times. With sequential engagement, these coefficients add up, multiplying the force.

The reverse side of the coin is a proportional reduction in speed. With such a winch, you can carry out slow vertical lifting of more than a ton of cargo, but if you have to work with two bags of cement, the lifting time will stretch for tens of minutes.

Homemade hand hoist is a good replacement for industrial designs, because it is no less effective. So it’s worth getting such an assistant in the household, and we will help you do this and tell you about this device.

How is a manual hoist arranged?

A hoist is a suspended load-lifting device. It can be manual or electric, the second option is more common, of course. Tal, in general, is a special mechanism for lifting or lowering various loads, as well as for moving them. The carrying capacity can be up to 10 tons, and objects can be lifted to a height of up to 12 m - you see, not bad for a manually operated mechanism.

Based on these indicators, this device can be used to move various heavy goods, these can be household appliances - gas stoves or refrigerators, freezers or washing machines, and the like. Often trade workers use them to put goods on the shelves. You can not do without hand hoists in construction or repair work, where you often have to lift building materials or tools.

A conventional manual chain hoist has the following main elements: a chain hoist, consisting of movable and fixed blocks connected to each other; two-stage cylindrical coaxial gearbox, which has a manual mechanical drive; output shaft; specialized disc brake; additional cargo braking system; block pendant with a hook. The principle of operation is based on systems of traction and load chains, which have round links. The main types of manual hoists: gear and lever.

Gear hand hoists - is the popularity justified?

The main advantage of this type of hoists is the simplicity of design and reliability. Many industries cannot do without them: neither in the construction industry, nor in the mining industry, nor in agriculture, nor at fuel and energy enterprises, and others. Such a device can be used not only indoors, but also outdoors, even if there are no power sources. Moreover, such hoists are not only safe to use, but also unpretentious in use and have a durable mechanism.

The gear type of hoists is adapted to work with large loads weighing from 0.5 to 10 tons, and they can be freely lifted to a height of up to 12 m. A special load chain with hook is designed for this load, and the available additional drive chain will ensure not only good movement, but also easy movement of loads. It is necessary to control the work of such a hoist while standing on the ground. The action begins with the drive chain, this device is a stationary mechanism, and its purpose is to lift or lower loads from shelves that are high.

To move goods by hoist, monorails are installed in the premises. Such stationary devices are usually used when it is not necessary to constantly move and lift loads. They are not designed for a large amount of work, and the speed of movement is very low, this must be taken into account when choosing this tool. But at the same time, if you need to lift a fragile product or object, then these are the most successful hoists. Now we need to talk about the competitive model.

Lever Hoist - Beneficial Load Physics

This type of hoist is necessary for working with small loads, the weight of which is not more than 5 tons, and it can be raised to a height equal to the height of a person. It all depends on the design solution. Raising, lowering and moving is carried out using a lever mounted in the body. The hoist is controlled by an operator located near the device. Such models are good for pulling cables and lifting loads. Since they are not adapted for a large amount of work, utility services find application for them.

They are needed when you need to pull cables or install pipes at the bottom of trenches, as well as to install hatches. With their help, foresters pull out stumps, and industrialists place heavy equipment in workshops. Often their purpose is to lift the load in order to work with it, so. It can be various repairs, for example, in auto repair shops. To facilitate the work with lever hoists, they are additionally equipped with special trolleys.

Worm hoists - a compact strongman

In addition to these basic types of hand hoists, there are also others. Recently, worm hoists are often used. For work, they are suspended permanently or use a mobile "cat". This is convenient for moving loads horizontally, such hoists can move along I-beams. There are a lot of models of this type of devices. They are used to lift or hold loads in a raised position, they are also suitable for moving. Everything happens on a special overhead track made of an I-profile.

Their advantage is that work can be carried out in rooms that are small in area, and the distance between beams and loads can be insignificant. These hoists can also be used outdoors.

They have some features, for example, a swivel casing (and the design can be rotated 360 degrees) allows you to control the work from any place, that is, you can raise and lower the load in any position. This creates additional safety, the operator during work can be on the side of the hoists and also from the load itself. Also, this type of hoists is distinguished by reliability, wear resistance and low heating brake. All this makes them quiet and comfortable. And due to the low construction height, it is possible to work with this equipment in limited spaces in vertical positions.

Homemade hand hoist - a free helper in the household

Often you have to carry out repairs at home, and you need to raise tools and materials. If you buy a manual hoist, it is expensive, and often there is no time. In this case, you can do it yourself.

Homemade winch (hoist, hoist). How to make a lifting mechanism for a garage, workshop, construction site.
Many home craftsmen would like to have some kind of lifting mechanism in their garage or workshop, such as a hoist, hoists or winch. Of course, you can buy them ready-made, but they are usually not very cheap - several thousand rubles. And they don't go on sale very often. Car rescue lever winches available in almost any store cannot be used to lift loads. Because their stoppers are made using a ratchet mechanism. And it only works well in one direction. Lifting such a winch is easy. But lowering it smoothly is problematic. When making hoists or winches on their own, the master is faced with the task of where to get a powerful reliable gearbox (with a gear ratio of at least 1:20 - 50) and always with a self-braking effect. As a rule, these are powerful worm gears and they do not often fall into the hands of the master.

Meanwhile, almost everyone can make a homemade winch or hoist, and as they say, from improvised materials. Threaded studs up to 2 meters long are available for sale. And it can serve as an excellent gearbox for a homemade lifting mechanism.

The device of such a winch is clear from the sketches. The principle of operation of the winch is simple. If you rotate the threaded stud itself, and do not allow the nut on this stud to scroll, then the nut will move along the stud. The force during this movement is much greater than is required to rotate the pin (all screw jacks work on the same principle, the increase in force there reaches 20-30 times).

The ends of the stud are fixed in bearings, which, in turn, are installed in the bearings. A stud nut is a rectangular metal plate to which conventional nuts are welded. The plate prevents the nuts from turning. A cable is also attached to the plate. The cable is passed through one of the supports and thrown over the block. At the other end of the cable there is a lifting hook or a sling system (this depends on the purpose of the lifting winch).

The stud drive is easiest to do manually. To do this, a pulley or gear is fixed at one of its ends. (you can, for example, even use a bicycle). A strong cord or chain is thrown over a pulley or gear in an endless loop. If you pull on either side of the cord, the stud will rotate and the nut will move along the stud. Accordingly, there will be a cable behind it, and the load will either fall or rise. The self-braking of the mechanism is absolute, no force on the nut will make the stud rotate. Most likely the whole thread will break.

Of course, you can also make an electric drive using any reversible electric motor with a power of 200-500 watts. It is convenient to use, for example, some inexpensive electric drill with a rotation direction switch. Now there are many such drills on the market. The electric drive can be made both directly and through an additional pulley or flexible shaft.

Such a homemade winch can lift a weight of several hundred kilograms. In most cases, this is enough for household needs. The length of the stud, or rather the ability to move the nut along it, determines the height of the lift (in the simplest version of this home-made hoist). If you take a hairpin 2 meters long, then this height will be approximately 170-180 cm, which in the vast majority of cases is more than enough for a home workshop or garage. However, the lifting height is easy and can be increased by simple tricks.

The caliper (base) for such a winch can be made from a durable dry wooden beam or thick board. Although of course it is better to use a metal profile or channel. All connections are made with the help of reconciliation or bolts. It all depends on the purpose and capabilities of the master. It is also easy to organize the movement of this hoist under the ceiling. For example, with the help of some kind of T-beam, located in the center of the workshop. And install the caliper itself on the beam so that it can rotate around its center. Then almost any point of the garage or workshop will be available. A similar result can, of course, be achieved with the help of various blocks, it would be possible to fix it on something. Of course, the floor beams of the structure must also be designed for additional load.

On the basis of such home-made winches, you can also make a home-made crane. This will require at least two of these winches. It is most convenient to place them in the crane boom. One of the winches will lift the boom itself (change its angle of inclination), and the second will lift the load itself. Of course, do not forget about the counterweight.

The simplicity and affordability of such a homemade winch opens up a fairly wide scope for its use in a home workshop, garage or construction site.

Konstantin Timoshenko