Many residents of country houses and owners of summer cottages build baths. First, it's a great way to have a good time. Secondly, visiting the bath has a positive effect on health. And so that all these events do not bring trouble, it is necessary to properly equip the drain pit. There is always a lot of water in the bath, and it must be disposed of somehow. How to make a drain pit for a bath with your own hands will be discussed in this article.

Types of pits used

The drain pit itself is not a complex hydraulic structure. Almost anyone can handle its creation, but before starting work, you need to get acquainted with the types and varieties of pits:

• Sealed container. Such a pit is equipped in areas where groundwater runs shallow. The design is a simple sealed container of the required volume, dug into the ground. When choosing a place for such a drain pit, it is necessary to provide for the possibility of a sewer truck access for periodic pumping of accumulated water;
• Drainage hole. It is this design that is most often used for baths that are not equipped with toilets. In this case, the container is installed without a bottom, and filter material is poured into it.

It is worth remembering that if the bath has a toilet, then it is better to use a septic tank. In this case, the effluents will be cleaned to the required level (up to 80-90%) and they can be discharged into the ground without harm to the environment.

What materials can be used

The choice of material used will depend on the type of drain pit and your financial capabilities. As a rule, such structures are built:

. You can use metal or plastic. The second option is the best. Plastic is not subject to corrosion, so the drain pit will last longer. In addition, plastic barrels can be found in almost any size.

Best of all, ceramic. The walls of the drain pit can be made in the form of brickwork. This option can be considered the most common. The popularity of using bricks is due to their availability, because you can use used products and versatility (you can make a container of any size out of bricks).

To build a drain pit, you can use concrete rings or make the walls fill.

. Car tires perfectly tolerate the effects of aggressive environments. In addition, such material can be found for free at any tire shop.

Note! Other improvised materials can also be used, the main thing is that they easily endure a long stay in the water.

Work progress

Now let's talk about how to make a cesspool for a bath. The first step is to choose a suitable location. If you use a sealed structure, then you should install it near the entrance gate so that the sewer truck can easily drive up to it.

It is best to build a cesspool no further than 5–10 m from the bath itself. It is worth remembering that the shorter the pipe, the less likely it is to become clogged. In addition, long communications require the installation of manholes, which increases the cost of all work.

Note! There should not be large trees in the chosen place, as their roots can damage the walls of the container. In addition, the drain pit is made far from sources of drinking water. It is also worth maintaining a distance from the neighboring site (1–5 m).

The next step will be earthworks. You need to dig the pit itself under the drain hole, as well as trenches for sewer pipes. The upper layer of soil can be distributed over the site, and the lower, infertile, must be removed.

Further work will depend on the material you choose.

1. If the drain pit is made of barrels (for example, plastic), then the progress of work will be as follows. First, the barrel should not have a bottom. In addition, it is desirable to make drainage holes on the sides. It is advisable to wrap the barrel itself with geotextile to prevent the ingress of suspended particles from the soil. Secondly, a pipe is connected to the top of the barrel. It is desirable to make the top cover completely sealed, for which you can use a sealant. After preparing the barrel at the bottom of the pit, a crushed stone pillow is made, 20–30 cm thick. Having installed the container in the pit and connected all the pipes, we backfill, crushed stone is also used for this.
2. If you use old car tires in your work, then the sides are cut off from them first, for which you can use a jigsaw. Then the bottom of the pit is covered with a layer of crushed stone or gravel, 30–40 cm thick. After that, tires can be stacked on top of each other. Laying is done so that the tires are tightly pressed, the joints should be minimal. The input of the sewer pipe is carried out at the level of the junction of the last and penultimate rings. A hole is made in the upper tire in the lower part, and the upper sidewall is not cut off. A sewer pipe is inserted into the hole, the insertion point is sealed. The last step will be the installation of the drain pit cover. To do this, you can use a metal or wooden shield. From above, the entire structure can be covered with soil.
3. When using a brick, the construction of a drain pit will not differ much from the previous options. A gravel cushion is laid at the bottom of the pit, then the walls are lined with bricks using a sand-cement mortar. The last step is to install a cover made of metal or wood.

If concrete rings are used, then special equipment (crane or manipulator) should be involved in the work. Such products weigh quite a lot, so you will not be able to cope with the styling yourself. Concrete rings can be taken used, even with small chips and holes.

Whatever material is chosen, it is important to make a hatch for periodic inspection. For a certain time, the filter element becomes silted and requires cleaning.

Video

Drainage pit for a bath: expert advice

A bath is an almost obligatory attribute in a summer cottage. No shower cabins and bathtubs can replace the healing effect of a steam room, so a bathhouse is often erected even before a house is built. Do not forget that even the smallest bathhouse requires the disposal of used water. The simplest and, at the same time, practical option for local sewage is a drain pit for a bath. Consider how this structure can be built.

An example of a drain hole for a bath

There are many ways to organize the removal of waste water from the bath. If it is possible to connect the drain to the central sewer or organize the discharge of water into a common drain ditch, then this option would be preferable.

But, if this is not possible, it is necessary to build local systems for receiving wastewater. Let's consider how to equip a drain pit, if this particular option for arranging a sewer is chosen.

What needs to be done before construction begins?

The mouth of the pit filled with soil

Everyone knows that the construction of any object or communication must begin with design. The construction of a treatment plant for a bath will not be an exception.

GWL assessment

First of all, you need to find out at what level the underground soil waters lie. If this level is high enough, then the construction of a traditional drain pit will have to be abandoned, since it will be filled with soil water.

How can you determine at what distance from the surface the groundwater occurs? As a rule, to obtain this information, it is necessary to carry out a hydrogeological study, including the drilling of ores. However, a preliminary assessment of the situation can also be made using ancient folk methods:

• If there are wells nearby, then by the level of water in them, one can draw a conclusion about the GWL.
• Another sign is that with a high GWL, many plants grow on the site that need moisture in large quantities. For example, horsetail, coltsfoot, reed, sedge, etc.

Brick drain hole

Determining the volume of chambers and other nuances of construction

The volume of the receiving chambers depends on how the bath is designed for the person - the drain pit should be the larger, the more people will use the washing room.

With insufficient volume of the pit, wastewater simply does not fit in it and will flow over the edge. Also, the quality of the soil on the site should be assessed, it depends on whether it will be necessary to strengthen the edges of the pit.

The location of the treatment tank should be determined in advance. As a rule, it is recommended to place the pit at a distance of 2-2.5 meters from the bath. Otherwise, it will be difficult to build a pipeline with the required slope.

Laying a drain pipe from a bath

The exit of the sewer pipe into the pit

The arrangement of drain pits begins with the laying of a drain pipe, which will lead from the bath to the treatment plant.

• The construction of the drain pipe begins with the construction of the foundation for the bath.
• When laying the pipe, turns, bends and joints are not allowed. If this requirement is not observed, there is a risk of blockages.
• After installing the drain pipe, the floor in the bath is filled with a concrete screed, while the floor is made with a slope towards the pipe. After the screed dries, tiles or other moisture-resistant finishing material can be laid on the floor.
• The drain hole of the pipe should be protected with a grate to prevent debris from entering the pipeline.

Advice! Insulation of the floor in the bath, as a rule, is not done. Since a properly constructed floor warms up quickly when the stove is fired and does not let in the outside cold. The drain pipe, laid with the necessary slope, also does not require insulation.

Drainage pit construction

Tire cesspool example

If the soil on the site is strong and, at the same time, has excellent filtering properties, then the construction of the pit consists in digging a pit and constructing a drainage layer of crushed stone or gravel.

However, such ideal conditions are extremely rare. As a rule, well-draining soils tend to crumble, so when building a pit, it is necessary to provide for the strengthening of its walls.

Options for materials that can be used to lay out the walls of the pit:

• The brick is moisture resistant (ceramic).
• Slate sheets.
• Rings from reinforced concrete are well.

An example of a finished cesspool

You can also use improvised materials:

• Old tires with a rim cut off on one side.
• Barrels made of plastic or metal. The bottom of such barrels is removed, and holes are made in their lower part for the passage of water.

Installation steps

• The first and most time-consuming stage of construction is the preparation of a pit for a pit and a trench for laying a pipe. The excavated soil should either be scattered over the site (if it is high-quality soil), or taken out of it.
• During the construction of a brick tank, the walls are laid half a brick thick - this saves material. In the rows of brickwork, five-centimeter gaps are made to drain the liquid.

Advice! Masonry can be made not only from brick, but also from natural stone.

• When constructing a tank from concrete well rings, perforated products should be chosen. If it was not possible to buy them, then you will have to form holes yourself with a puncher.
• After completing the process of strengthening the walls of the pit, the formation of a drainage layer at the bottom should begin. To do this, sand and gravel are poured into the pit, the layer thickness is at least 20 cm.

Advice! If there is no crushed stone, construction waste - broken brick or concrete can be used to form a drainage layer.

• Strengthening the walls of the pit is completed at a distance of 40 cm from the surface of the earth. At this level, an overlap should be arranged - lay a finished reinforced concrete slab or pour the mortar along the formwork built in advance.
• An opening should be provided in the ceiling, which will be used to control the filling of the pit with drains, and, if necessary, to pump out water. The hole is closed with a secure hatch. After that, the drain pit in the bath is ready.

When building a bath, a system for discharging used water should be provided. An inexpensive and practical option for waste disposal is a drain pit for a bath. You can build this structure on your own, without involving teams of builders, since there is nothing complicated in its design.

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One of the most important stages in the arrangement of the bath is the organization of timely disposal of wastewater into a treatment plant. The most affordable option for a sewer system is a drain pit for a bath.

To ensure the safe use of the drainage system, before starting work, it is recommended to carefully study its design features and perform the necessary calculations, and at the construction stage, follow the main recommendations of specialists.

Types of drain holes

There are three types of waste pits: a sealed tank, a drainage pit, and a multi-chamber septic tank.

A sealed cesspool is the simplest and safest construction option, which prevents the penetration of polluting effluents and household chemicals into the soil and aquifer. It is built on land with a high level of groundwater.

The design is represented by a simple sealed tank dug into the ground to the required depth. A feature of the cesspool is the need for regular pumping of accumulated water runoff. The significant disadvantages of a sealed tank include the complexity and high cost of maintenance.

A drainage pit for draining is the most popular option for private baths that do not have bathrooms. In this case, an open container is arranged that does not have a sealed base. A gravel-crushed stone mixture is used as a bottom filter. The design of the drainage pit provides for the presence of special holes necessary for the withdrawal of the purified liquid into the soil.

A septic tank is a technically complex version of the sewer system for baths equipped with sanitary facilities. Structurally, it is represented by several cameras interconnected and performing various functions.

The primary sealed chamber provides for the collection and initial filtration of wastewater: solid waste sinks to the bottom, and the liquid undergoes additional purification by aerobic microorganisms. The tank is connected to the second compartment by an overflow pipe, which provides the supply of purified liquid. The second chamber performs the function of a drainage pit, where water undergoes secondary purification and is discharged into the soil.

If the septic tank consists of three compartments, then the drainage chamber is installed last. In this case, a deeper purification from impurities and pollutants takes place in the second chamber, after which the purified liquid enters the drainage tank.

Available materials for building a drain pit

The choice of a suitable material for the construction of a drain drainage pit under the bath depends on the design features of the structure, the volume of wastewater and the financial capabilities of the owner of the site.

barrel pits

Tanks can be built from barrels, metal and plastic, of various sizes. Such a system involves the use of one or two drainage tanks:

• One container. The bottom of the prepared pit is covered with a drainage mixture of crushed stone and gravel, then a plastic container without a bottom and with a perforated surface is lowered into it. The distance between the barrel and the pit is covered with drainage. A waste pipe is connected to the barrel at an angle. Part of the liquid through the drainage holes will flow into the soil for further cleaning.
• Two containers. Such a system involves the use of two barrels, with the first set 25 cm above the second. The tanks are connected to each other by an overflow pipe. Effluent enters the first tank, in which third-party impurities and solid waste settle. Further, the purified liquid is poured into the second tank, to which perforated pipes for drainage are connected. Waste elements are installed in trenches filled with drainage material and a dense layer of soil.

brick pits

For the arrangement of drain pits, ceramic bricks are used, the laying of which is carried out with small gaps - they provide drainage into the drainage pad and soil. The principle of operation of such a drainage system does not differ from the previous one, the difference lies in the material used. The distance between the brick tank and the earthen base is filled with drainage material designed to clean the drains and distribute them around the perimeter of the pit.

A brick pit is considered more durable and practical than a plastic barrel construction.

concrete pits

With technical equipment and financial capabilities, it is possible to build a drainage pit from concrete rings with a perforated surface, which are mounted in a prepared pit. After the installation of the rings is completed, the bottom of the structure is covered with a drainage cushion made of gravel and crushed stone.

In the case when the depth of the pit is at least 2 meters, and the bottom of the tank is concreted, such a structure can be used both to drain effluents from the bathhouse and to sewer a residential building.

Pits from tires

Cesspools made from used tires are designed to drain liquid waste, so they are well suited for the needs of a bath.

The arrangement of the drain system during the installation of tires can be carried out in various ways, including lateral perforation of the walls, maintaining the technological gap between the installed slopes, cutting the outer walls while maintaining the internal structure of the tires.

This is the simplest and most popular option for organizing drainage under the bath, according to which the work can be done by hand.

Step-by-step arrangement of a drainage pit for a bath

Now let's consider a question that interests many - how to make a drain hole for a bath with your own hands. The easiest option for beginners is a drainage pit from a barrel. A metal barrel with a volume of up to 250 liters is used as a drain tank.

First you need to choose a suitable place for the pit. The distance from the foundation of the bath to the cleaning device should be from 3 to 7 meters. When determining the depth of the sewer pit, it is important to consider the total volume of runoff and groundwater. The optimal value is no more than 7 meters.

The process of arranging a pit for drains provides for a phased implementation of work.

Pit preparation and pipe laying

• Preparation of the construction site for the pit. From the base of the bath, an earthen ditch should be dug, having the necessary slope for convenient drainage. The average slope is 4 degrees per linear meter. The bottom is insulated and covered with drainage from gravel and sand. A drainage pipe is laid on the pillow, connecting the steam room and the waste pit.
• Next, they dig a pit and also insulate. At the bottom, a drainage pillow is made of gravel and crushed stone (thickness up to 25 cm).

Drain tank preparation

• The side surfaces of the barrel are perforated with a grinder in increments of 18 cm in a checkerboard pattern.
• A hole is made in the bottom for mounting the pipe, which will be connected to the drain pipe with a fastening sleeve. The connecting joint is treated with sealant from the inside and outside.
• The barrel is wrapped with geotextile material, which will ensure reliable drainage of wastewater and prevent foreign objects from entering the container. Geotextiles are fixed over the entire surface with twine or construction tape.

Installation of the tank in the pit

• The barrel is installed on a drainage cushion so that the pipe is located on top.
• All formed voids between the walls of the pit and the barrel are covered with fine gravel.
• The branch pipe is connected to the sewer pipe laid earlier.

Features of laying a sewer pipe

Laying a drainage pipe is an important step in arranging a sewer for a bath. According to building codes, the pipe is laid at the stage of foundation construction. It is located at the bottom of the base with a slope towards the drainage pit. When pipe laying is required for the finished building, installation is carried out under the floor of the steam room.

To properly install the pipe, the following rules must be observed:

1. Bends, turns and joints are not allowed during installation of the product. This can lead to blockages in any part of the pipe.
2. After the installation of the drainage system is completed, a concrete screed of the bath floors is carried out with a slope towards the drain hole. After the screed has completely dried, the floor is tiled or porcelain stoneware, on top of which wooden lattices of a removable type are installed. They will provide protection against burns in direct contact with a heated floor covering. In addition, the grids are easily dismantled for drying and treatment with antiseptic compounds.
3. The drain is closed with a protective grate to prevent possible clogging of the sewer pipe.

Important! Bath floors do not require additional insulation. With high-quality concreting and cladding, such a base warms up during the heating process and prevents the penetration of cold from the outside.

How to make a drain hole for a bath is a question that will not take the owners of such buildings by surprise. After all, it is not difficult to organize a reliable system for draining wastewater from improvised materials and without involving a construction team, the main thing is the attitude and a serious approach to business.

Drainage pit for a bath: how to do it yourself, step by step instructions

The most affordable option for a sewer system for a bath is a drain pit. It has a simple design, so it is possible to build it without outside help.

Do-it-yourself drain pit for a bath

Many residents of country houses and owners of summer cottages build baths. First, it's a great way to have a good time. Secondly, visiting the bath has a positive effect on health. And so that all these events do not bring trouble, it is necessary to properly equip the drain pit. There is always a lot of water in the bath, and it must be disposed of somehow. How to make a drain pit for a bath with your own hands will be discussed in this article.

Types of pits used

The drain pit itself is not a complex hydraulic structure. Almost anyone can handle its creation, but before starting work, you need to get acquainted with the types and varieties of pits:

• Sealed container. Such a pit is equipped in areas where groundwater runs shallow. The design is a simple sealed container of the required volume, dug into the ground. When choosing a place for such a drain pit, it is necessary to provide for the possibility of a sewer truck access for periodic pumping of accumulated water;
• Drainage hole. It is this design that is most often used for baths that are not equipped with toilets. In this case, the container is installed without a bottom, and filter material is poured into it.

It is worth remembering that if the bath has a toilet, it is better to use a septic tank. In this case, the effluents will be cleaned to the required level (up to 80-90%) and they can be discharged into the ground without harm to the environment.

What materials can be used

The choice of material used will depend on the type of drain pit and your financial capabilities. As a rule, such structures are built:

From barrels. You can use metal or plastic. The second option is the best. Plastic is not subject to corrosion, so the drain pit will last longer. In addition, plastic barrels can be found in almost any size.

from brick, best of all, ceramic. The walls of the drain pit can be made in the form of brickwork. This option can be considered the most common. The popularity of using bricks is due to their availability, because you can use used products and versatility (you can make a container of any size out of bricks).

From concrete. To build a drain pit, you can use concrete rings or make the walls fill.

From tires. Car tires perfectly tolerate the effects of aggressive environments. In addition, such material can be found for free at any tire shop.

Note! Other improvised materials can also be used, the main thing is that they easily endure a long stay in the water.

Now let's talk about how to make a cesspool for a bath. The first step is to choose a suitable location. If you use a sealed structure, then you should install it near the entrance gate so that the sewer truck can easily drive up to it.

It is best to build a cesspool no further than 5–10 m from the bath itself. It is worth remembering that the shorter the pipe, the less likely it is to become clogged. In addition, long communications require the installation of manholes, which increases the cost of all work.

Note! There should not be large trees in the chosen place, as their roots can damage the walls of the container. In addition, the drain pit is made far from sources of drinking water. It is also worth maintaining a distance from the neighboring site (1–5 m).

The next step will be earthworks. You need to dig the pit itself under the drain hole, as well as trenches for sewer pipes. The upper layer of soil can be distributed over the site, and the lower, infertile, must be removed.

Further work will depend on the material you choose.

1. If the drain pit is made of barrels (for example, plastic), then the progress of work will be as follows. First, the barrel should not have a bottom. In addition, it is desirable to make drainage holes on the sides. It is advisable to wrap the barrel itself with geotextile to prevent the ingress of suspended particles from the soil. Secondly, a pipe is connected to the top of the barrel. It is desirable to make the top cover completely sealed, for which you can use a sealant. After preparing the barrel at the bottom of the pit, a crushed stone pillow is made, 20–30 cm thick. Having installed the container in the pit and connected all the pipes, we backfill, crushed stone is also used for this.
2. If you use old car tires in your work, then the sides are cut off from them first, for which you can use a jigsaw. Then the bottom of the pit is covered with a layer of crushed stone or gravel, 30–40 cm thick. After that, tires can be stacked on top of each other. Laying is done so that the tires are tightly pressed, the joints should be minimal. The input of the sewer pipe is carried out at the level of the junction of the last and penultimate rings. A hole is made in the upper tire in the lower part, and the upper sidewall is not cut off. A sewer pipe is inserted into the hole, the insertion point is sealed. The last step will be the installation of the drain pit cover. To do this, you can use a metal or wooden shield. From above, the entire structure can be covered with soil.
3. When using a brick, the construction of a drain pit will not differ much from the previous options. A gravel cushion is laid at the bottom of the pit, then the walls are lined with bricks using a sand-cement mortar. The last step is to install a cover made of metal or wood.

If concrete rings are used, then special equipment (crane or manipulator) should be involved in the work. Such products weigh quite a lot, so you will not be able to cope with the styling yourself. Concrete rings can be taken used, even with small chips and holes.

Whatever material is chosen, it is important to make a hatch for periodic inspection. For a certain time, the filter element becomes silted and requires cleaning.

Do-it-yourself drain pit for a bath - how to make

Learn how to make a do-it-yourself bath pit. The article describes methods for making drain pits from various materials.

Do-it-yourself drain pit for a bath step by step

The right drain pit for a bath will help extend the durability of the structure, prevent the appearance of dampness and various odors. Its design is very simple to implement: having a plan, anyone can build a drain.

Design features

A drain pit for a summer shower or bath consists of a drain pipe and a reservoir where water flows. A pipe for draining water must be laid before the arrangement of the foundation. It is a wide branch, for which the diameter and shape are extremely important.

1. The outlet pipe must be without bends and additional tie-ins. Its linearity directly affects the efficiency of the wastewater system. Any turns or jumpers can cause cracks and blockages;

An example of a drain hole for a bath

• Its diameter is calculated based on the estimated volume of wastewater. The pipe should only be half filled with liquid, otherwise it will not be effective enough. For the calculation, you can use estimated information about the cost of water (for example, take an average value per person of 0.2 cubic meters), the distance to the drain tank, the slope and the estimated cross section. The calculation should also take into account that at maximum fullness between the liquid and the lid there must be a distance of at least 1 meter;
• The floor in the bath is not insulated, but the pipe stretches in open ground. Therefore, it is necessarily covered with mineral or fiberglass, as well as waterproofing;

Bath design scheme

• To avoid problems with fluid stagnation on the floor of a summer shower or bath, it is done at a certain angle. The slope is accepted from 3% to 5%;
• The pipe at the inlet and outlet is protected by a metal mesh filter. This will protect it from contamination by solid residues, foam, etc.

mesh filter

The pipe is discharged into the drain tank. This pit is located at a certain distance from the bath. Unlike a cesspool, this drain is almost always open. This approach is explained by the fact that bath water does not pose an environmental hazard.

1. One of the most important factors in equipping a drain pit for a bath is groundwater. If they are located high, then there is no point in arranging the tank. With any change in the level of groundwater, the pit will involuntarily fill. In this case, it is better to simply remove the drain pipe from the bath to the site or beyond;
2. The pit can be made of bricks, plastic barrels, foam blocks. In some cases, it is even equipped with wooden boards;
3. A sand cushion is laid at the bottom of the tank, construction debris or fragments of bricks are placed on top of it. This is necessary to protect the pit from silting.

The junction of the pipe and the drain tank is additionally sealed and reinforced with a flexible coupling.

Metal drain tank for a bath

Material selection

For the construction of a drain pit for a bath, various materials can be used. If you have certain funds, then it is best to give preference to brick or foam blocks.

1. The bottom of the pit is not concreted, but covered with a sand cushion. After that, small crushed stone is laid on it, then a layer of large crushed stone or building debris. If only a sand cushion is left, then the water will pass through it too quickly, due to which the drains will not be filtered properly;

Photo: pit preparation

• The stones are laid on a standard concrete solution (it is preferable to use cement grade M-500). Occasionally, a special mixture is used to work in conditions of high humidity;
• The stones are stacked in a checkerboard pattern, the first layer is leveled, every fourth is a belt, then the standard "checkerboard". Similarly, with foam blocks or any other similar building materials. Figure example of brickwork

Tire pits are also very popular. Such a drain structure is distinguished by its availability and easy installation. Tires for cars or trucks are used as walls in this design (depending on the required drain volume).

1. The tires are stacked on top of each other and bolted together. For convenience, their end parts are cut off and aligned - this is how a flat plane is obtained;

Tire drain installation

• The joints of the tires must be treated with mastic, sealant or mortar. Less commonly used bitumen. In addition to such waterproofing measures, it is recommended to cover the pit with an insulating film;
• Also, depending on the level of soil freezing, it is recommended to additionally insulate the structure. This can be done with clay casing, mineral fiber or textiles.

Concrete rings are mounted very similarly, but they are interconnected with a concrete mortar. A mandatory requirement is the treatment of external surfaces with bitumen - this will extend the life of the drain. The seams between the individual parts of the structure are coated with sealant.

Processing of concrete rings

How to make a hole with your own hands step by step

First, a place is selected for the pit. From the bathhouse and the foundation of a residential building, you need to maintain a distance of 3 to 5 meters. The depth of the pit depends on the required volume of effluents and the level of groundwater. It is recommended to take a value of no more than 8 meters.

1. A site is being prepared for a bathhouse and a drain pit. Before concreting the foundation, one or more outlet pipes are drawn from the bath (depending on the size of the room);
2. A trench is dug from the foundation, which is insulated. Its bottom is covered with a layer of fine gravel and river sand;
3. This trench should have some slope in relation to the source. The average value is 3 degrees per linear meter. This will ensure the normal speed of movement of effluents, prevention of stagnation and silting of the pipe;

Outlet of pipes from the bath

• After preparing the pit for the drain. Its bottom and walls are necessarily strengthened. They will constantly be washed away with a large amount of water, which affects the strength of the entire structure. Wooden beams can be used for protection. On moving soils, it is more expedient to build a formwork;

Drain design

• The thickness of the drain tank for a bath can be significantly less than for a cesspool. Brickwork can consist of one layer, and a concrete casing - 15 centimeters;
• If the waste tank rises above the ground, then it must be additionally insulated. For this, earth, clay, polystyrene or even textile fiber are successfully used;
• If the drain is completely underground, then there is no point in its additional insulation. Some homeowners believe that a cesspool for a bath does not need a hatch, but this is not so. An inspection hole will be needed for cleaning and prevention of silting of the drain, as well as the necessary repairs. It is best to use double plastic lids;
• Of course, if there is no special cover at hand, and you need to close the hole with something, then a sheet of corrugated board, slate or any other durable and hard material is perfect.

Inspection hatch

The drain pit for the bath should be cleaned several times a season with the help of a cesspool machine. This will free the drain from solid waste, plaque, and get rid of sludge. Instead of vacuum trucks, you can use a submersible drainage pump.

If an unpleasant smell of decay or dampness began to appear from the drain hole, then the drain is cleaned and dried. At the next use, special microorganisms (anaerobic or aerobic bacteria) are added to the water.

How to arrange a drain pit for a bath: photo, video

How to make a drain pit for a bath with your own hands step by step. Design features, the choice of material for the drain pit. Schemes, photos, videos.

Any bath, even the smallest, requires the organization of water drainage. Therefore, during construction, it is necessary to take care of the drain, as well as to build such a structure as a drain pit for a bath.

In this case, it is more expedient to run drain pipes from the bath to the ditch or make a tie-in into the main sewer.

In addition, it makes no sense to think about the question of how to make a drain hole for a bath where the groundwater level is too high.

The fact is that then the prepared pit will be filled with groundwater, and the drains simply will not fit in it. In other cases, the device of such a variant of water drainage is fully justified.

Where to start building?

Any construction must begin with a design. Of course, the construction of a sewer well for wastewater does not require the development of complex design documentation, but some calculations, nevertheless, should be carried out.

First of all, you need to answer the following questions:

• How many people will use the bath?
• What are the characteristics of the soil on the site?
• What is the groundwater level?

Why assess the level of groundwater location was described above. But how to do it? Of course, the most accurate method is to drill wells to a certain depth, but this is not always possible.

You can roughly estimate the level of water occurrence by the vegetation cover. So, if moisture-loving plants grow in a dry area, then this is a sure sign that the water is very close.

These plants include:

The volume of the future tank or cesspool in a private house depends on how many people are supposed to use the bath. Naturally, the more people visit the steam room and washing room, the more water will be required. And, accordingly, the dimensions of the pit should be such that the drains do not overflow.

The design of the pit depends on the type of soil, that is, whether it will be necessary to strengthen its edges or not.

Now you need to choose the location of the pit. As a rule, experts advise to step back from the walls of the bath about two meters. You should not take the pit too far from the bath, as then it will be difficult to provide a sufficient slope so that the drains move by gravity.

What materials will be needed for construction?

Drainage pit made of bricks

If the soil on the site is strong enough and, at the same time, has good drainage properties, then a lot of materials will not be required to build a bath. The walls of the pit themselves will not have to be strengthened, and the bottom of the drain pit will need to be covered with a layer of rubble and river sand. Unfortunately, such ideal conditions are not available in all areas.

In most cases, the walls of the pit need to be reinforced to keep it from crumbling. To do this, use brickwork, slate sheets or similar material. Alternatively, you can use a metal or plastic barrel without a bottom.

A number of holes will also need to be made in the lower part of the walls of the barrel so that water can filter through the soil.

It should be noted that the cylindrical shape of the pit is the most profitable option. The fact is that in this case, the loads are distributed more evenly over the walls, and the probability of destruction of this structure is minimal, unlike a cube-shaped chamber.

Construction stages

The first and most time-consuming stage of construction is the preparation of the trench, that is, earthworks. Where to put the excavated soil? As a rule, if it is high-quality soil, then it can simply be distributed over the site. In the event that it is clay, stones or sand, then it is better to remove the soil from the site.

If it is decided to equip the pit with brickwork, then it is better to choose ceramic bricks. This material is the most durable, as it is not afraid of moisture.

For reasons of saving building materials, the laying of the drain pit is carried out in half a brick. It is important not to forget to leave gaps between the ends, which will serve as drainage holes.

Advice! Instead of brick, you can use natural stone.

After the masonry is completed, it is necessary to proceed with the formation of a permeable bottom. For backfill, as already mentioned, crushed stone and sand are used, but you can also use construction waste - broken brick or concrete.

Advice! The layer of backfill for drainage should be at least 20 cm.

Strengthening the walls of the pit with brickwork or other methods is completed at a distance of about 40 cm of earth. From above, the pit is closed with an iron sheet or an overlap is made of a concrete slab.

Advice! If the equipped pit is located on the site where the transport will drive, then the thickness of the reinforced concrete floor slab must be at least 25 cm.

In the event that the soil in the area is clayey and does not pass water well, then it is worth leaving a hole in the floor slab through which wastewater can be pumped out.

Advice! When arranging such a hole, you need to take care of a strong and securely closing lid for it, especially if children live in the house.

The remaining free space to the ground level is filled with soil taken out of the pit. Such a device for a drain pit is quite reliable; you can safely walk and ride on top of it. And to disguise this unsightly piece of land, you can place a flower bed on top.

Options for arranging drain pits for a bath

Drainage pit from car tires

Since the drains from the bath do not contain solid waste, you can choose the simplest options for arranging drain pits. For construction, it is not even necessary to purchase special materials, you can use what is at hand. For example, old car tires.

For arranging a pit, it is better, of course, to use large-diameter tires, for example, from KAMAZ. To do this, the sidewalls of old tires are cut off with a jigsaw or other suitable tool. Prepared tires are stacked one on one.

In the lower part of the pit, crushed stone is added, as described above, and a pipe is inserted into the upper cylinder, through which effluent from the bath flows. Then a metal sheet is laid on top of this structure, which is covered with a layer of soil.

Another simple drain pit for drains from a bath or shower. For its device, sheets of wave slate are used.

So, the first sheet is laid on the bottom, the second is placed on it so that its “waves” are perpendicular to the first sheet. This laying continues until 30-35 cm remain to the top of the pit.

The drain pipe, taken out of the bath, is inserted into the upper third of the "stack" of slate sheets. Then, with the help of fragments of the same slate, the walls of the pit are strengthened, and the space remaining up to the edge of the pit is filled with soil. Such a pit will work quite effectively if the soil on the site is mostly sandy.

It should be remembered that neither the first nor the second of the proposed options for arranging drain pits is suitable if they are supposed to be located on the site where vehicles will pass.

Drain pit for a bath: a diagram, masonry, how to make a bottom with your own hands

225) When building a bathhouse, care must be taken to build a drainage system. In our article, leading experts will talk about the schemes for constructing a drain pit for

During the construction of the bath, it is necessary to make a sewer to drain wastewater. There are many options for this, however, a drain pit for a bath is most common in private buildings. The main reason why this structure is being built is a small amount of pollution and a small amount of effluents, in which, as a rule, water and detergents are present in insufficient quantities to pollute the site.

And a simple drainage system will help clear the wastewater. Therefore, the construction of a septic tank or other type of sewerage specifically for a bath is impractical for economic and environmental reasons. At the same time, it should be taken into account that a drain pit cannot be built if the groundwater on the ground is located close to the surface of the earth.

If there is a system for draining wastewater from another building or room nearby, then you just need to connect the drain pipes from the bath to it.

First you need to draw up a draft of the drain pit. This does not require a large amount of work and the preparation of a large number of different schemes and documents.

Several factors should be taken into account that directly affect the size and location of the sewer for the bath:

• water consumption, which depends on the number of visitors and the frequency of washing;
• the composition and characteristics of the soil at the location of the bath;
• What is the level of ground water.

If the bath is small in size and the number of people living in the house does not exceed 4-5 people, then the water consumption will be small. You don't have to visit her every day. meaning. In this case, a hole one and a half meters in size and no more than two deep is enough. If there are many residents in a private house and there are many guests, then the size of the drain pit must be increased. In each specific case, it is not difficult to determine.

Also, the size of the sewer device is affected by the presence of a pool., which significantly increases the amount of wastewater, since the water in it should be changed as often as possible due to hygiene reasons.

The quality of the soil affects the design of the drain pit. If the soil is weak or sandy, then the walls and edges of the pit must be strengthened so that it does not collapse due to the abundance of water.

When deciding how to make a drain hole for a bath, which would provide a high-quality drainage of wastewater, it should be positioned correctly. The wastewater outlet must be located at a distance of three to six meters. It is impossible to build a pit closer because of the inevitable smell of drains and the possibility of destruction of the foundation. If the place to drain the water is far away, then additional expenses for pipes will be required. And it is quite difficult to make a normal pipe slope at a great distance so that the water flows by gravity.

If groundwater is located close to the surface of the land plot, then any pit will be constantly filled with water. In this case, it is necessary to build a sealed container for wastewater, which should be periodically pumped out or use other more advanced systems for the removal and treatment of wastewater.

Building materials for a drain pit

Under the condition of strong and strong soil, it is not necessary to strengthen the walls and bottom of the drain pit. It is enough to dig a pit of the required size, and at the bottom make a pillow of layers of sand and gravel for wastewater treatment.

Such good conditions are rare in practice. Therefore, some types of construction work will have to be performed. The walls of the drain pit for the bath must be strengthened. To do this, you can overlay them with brick or slate. Or install tanks made of metal or plastic. Installing concrete rings is also suitable, however, this option is not the cheapest.

When installing containers, several drainage holes must be made at their bottom so that the water gradually goes into the ground. At the same time, a pillow of sand and gravel is also needed to filter wastewater.

As drain pipes, you can use products made of metal, asbestos or plastic. Plastic pipes are more preferable because of the low price and ease of installation.

Construction of a drain pit for a bath

After choosing a place for the drain pit, it is necessary to dig a pit and a trench for the connecting pipe. Then you need to build the walls of the future pit.

If you use a brick, then the laying of the drain pit is made with a thickness of no more than half the length of the material.

At the same time, holes should be left after a certain distance so that the drains go into the ground. Brick is destroyed over time, so if there is a natural stone, then such walls will be the strongest. Limestone in conditions of high humidity quickly collapses - its use in this case is impractical.

After strengthening and building the walls, it is necessary to fill the bottom with a layer of sand and gravel. The thickness of the pillow should be at least twenty centimeters.

On top of the wall of the pit, you need to cover with a concrete slab or make a screed. A ventilation hole should be made in the cover of the pit and a pipe should be inserted to exhaust the gases that are formed due to the storage of effluents. You also need to make an inspection hatch to control the level of wastewater and, if necessary, pump it out.

Some owners of country houses equip a flower garden or flower bed on top of the pit floor slab to preserve the appearance of the area.

The drain pipe must be laid in the ground to a depth of more than half a meter or more, depending on the freezing of the soil. In this case, the slope of the pipe should be three centimeters per meter of length so that the wastewater leaves the bathhouse by gravity.

Possible options for arranging drain pits for a bath

In our country, drain pits are popular, which are made from used vehicle tires. For this purpose, it is best to use the tires of tractors and heavy vehicles, as they are large and have a sufficient level of rigidity and strength.

The side parts of the tires must be cut with a grinder or an electric jigsaw. In this case, it is necessary to provide a hole for entering the drain pipe. Then the tires must be installed in the pit on top of each other, and in the lower part to make drainage from gravel, sand or construction waste. On top of the structure, you need to make a cover from a piece of metal and sprinkle it with soil for additional insulation in winter and create a good view of the house area.

The following scheme for a drain pit for drains from a bath is quite simple and cheap. For this, parts of the slate are used, which are laid on the bottom of the pit perpendicular to each other. This is necessary to create an air gap between the sheets through which water will pass. The drain pipe must be positioned so that the drains from it fall on the top sheet of slate . Walls can also be reinforced with this material.

Both options are acceptable with a small load on the area where the pit is located. If cars pass or there is a road in this place, then these schemes will not work.

Drainage pits can be made from other materials that each homeowner chooses for this. However, at the same time, we must not forget that the arrangement of drain pits for a bath, as well as other sewage systems, must necessarily comply with the requirements and rules for environmental protection, this is facilitated by drains, which must be carried out as the tank itself is filled. You should combine the convenience of the location of the bath and the drain pit for it with the cleanliness of the area.

To make your visit to your bath bring you only pleasure, make sure that the drain hole for the bath is arranged correctly. It will carry out, first of all, the functions of sewerage, that is, to remove wastewater from the structure. Running a water pipe to a bathhouse is a simple matter: it is enough to lay metal-plastic pipes from an electric water heater to a hot water supply point, and this does not require specific skills. As for the disposal of wastewater, it is important to comply with all building codes. More details about everything - in the article.

How to lay a drain pipe

According to the rules, the drain pipe must be laid even during the construction of the foundation. It is located in its lower part under the drain pit.

The drain hole in the bath is dug 3 meters from the foundation. Features of laying the drain pipe:

1. The edges of the pit are protected from collapse by formwork and concreting either.
2. The bottom of the drain pit is left free to ensure unhindered absorption of water into the soil, and the top is provided with a reliable overlap with a hole for the drain pipe.

1. Joints and bends during the pipe are not allowed, otherwise blockages may occur.
2. After installing the drain pipe and plumbing, the floor in the bath is poured with concrete. In this case, it is necessary to withstand the slope of the floor towards the pipe.
3. The drain hole is closed with a special mesh, which will create additional protection against pipe blockages.
4. After the cement has completely dried, it is ennobled with tiles, on top of which removable wooden gratings are laid out. They will prevent discomfort and possible burns from contact with hot tiles. In addition, if necessary, the grilles can be easily removed for drying and antiseptic treatment, and in case of wear - to replace them.

Warming of such a floor is not required - a concrete floor filled in accordance with all the rules and a good-quality tile laid on it quickly heats up when the bath is fired and does not let cold air in from the outside.

Pro tip: If the slope when conducting the drain pipe in the bath towards the cesspool is sufficient, the insulation of the pipe is also not required.

Options for a drain pit for a bath

Drainage pit from a metal barrel

The design of such a drain pit is similar to the structure. A metal barrel with a capacity of 200 liters can be used as a vessel for draining. The design process is quite simple:

1. Drainage holes are cut on the side surface of the container using a grinder. The holes are staggered using a step of 15-20 cm.

1. A pipe is installed at the bottom of the barrel, connected by a coupling to the sewer pipe. At the junction, a thorough sealing with silicone sealant is carried out. Sealing must be both external and internal.
2. The entire surface of the barrel is wrapped with geotextile - a non-woven material consisting of polyester fibers and having protective properties. It will drain drains without letting large elements inside the drain barrel.
3. Strong fixing of geotextiles on the barrel is carried out by means of twine or adhesive tape. They wrap around the sides and bottom of the tank so that there is an opening for the pipe. The top of the barrel is covered with a separate piece of geotextile, which is tightly fixed.

1. Digging a drain hole is carried out in the immediate vicinity of the places where the water will be drained (shower, washbasin, bidet, etc.). Its depth and width should be slightly larger than the dimensions of the barrel.
2. The bottom of the pit is covered with a layer of crushed stone or gravel 20-30 cm thick. A barrel is installed on the resulting pillow so that the pipe is at the top.

1. The voids in the pit are filled with gravel.
2. A sewer pipe is connected to the branch pipe.

The cesspool from the barrel is ready!

Two-chamber septic tank made of polyethylene barrels

Polyethylene drums can also be used as pit latrines. The design of a two-chamber septic tank is a system of two barrels:

• the first reception, which serves to settling solid particles from the drains;
• the second will additionally filter the water settled in the first barrel.

Water flows from the first barrel to the second through a specially equipped gap between the soil and the barrels, filled with a mixture of gravel and sand. This gap is a biological filter, passing through which purified water enters the soil. The upper part of the septic tank is closed with a lid thrice impregnated with a bioprotective compound.

A two-chamber septic tank involves holding a bath in the foundation from a steam room and a shower room, combined with a tee with a collector, which, in turn, is connected to the septic tank. A hatch is installed in the dressing room for access to pipes for the purpose of repair and inspection. If all of the above conditions are met, the sewer will work flawlessly and properly.

Pro tip:

The advantage of using polymer barrels in the construction of a two-chamber septic tank is their resistance to decay, destruction by corrosion and fungus. Therefore, using them, you ensure a long service life of the treatment plant without replacement and repair.

Underground filtration fields

Underground filtration fields can be used to drain wastewater from the bath. With their help, runoff is cleaned and distributed in the soil through a system of irrigation pipelines over the entire area of ​​​​the summer cottage. The design consists of a septic tank equipped with a dosing device, a drainage pipe and a distribution well.

Water through the pipe enters the network of irrigation canals - into the drainage pipes buried in the ground. The depth of laying pipes is from 0.8 to 1.5 meters, but they should not be located at a distance of less than 1 meter from the groundwater level. The disadvantages of underground filtration fields include the complexity and laboriousness of installation, as well as high cost.

Now, having familiarized yourself with the three options for organizing sewer drainage from the bath, you can choose the most suitable one in your particular situation, based on material possibilities, as well as the frequency of use of the premises.