A demanded phenomenon in suburban areas is the construction of wooden houses. Because the timber house is of high quality and comfortable. Moreover, it looks quite chic from the outside, you can see this by looking at photos of wooden houses. The construction of such a house can afford not only the elite. The ability to work with a chainsaw or an electric saw makes it possible to build a reliable house from a bar with your own hands.
Timber house construction technology
The beam is considered a universal building material, and it is quite simple to operate. The huge demand for wood is due to its economy and environmental friendliness. The simple technology of building log houses does not portend a large investment of time. You should catch all the nuances of the work presented in the video lessons and photos, as well as in the articles, and even inexperienced builders will have a chance to build a house from a bar with their own hands.
In the construction of a house, everything has to be done in stages, then the speed and productivity of construction is guaranteed, and a certain period of time must be maintained between some stages.

Step-by-step instructions for building a house from a bar

Material selection

The duration of construction and its technology proportionally depends on the type of timber. It is faster to build a house from dried wood, but given the material costs, the construction will cost much more. It is cheaper to build a building from raw timber, but construction in this case takes more time.
For the construction of housing, the following types of wood are used:
1. Profiled timber.
2. Whole bar.
Benefits of profiled timber:
— resistance to deformations;
- minimum construction costs;
- the risk of decay is excluded;
- excellent thermal insulation;
- high-quality armor from blowing;
- no additional wall cladding is required;
- simple assembly ensures the speed of construction;
- impressive appearance.

Flaws:
- high flammability;
- needs to be impregnated with means to increase biosecurity and fire protection;
- formation of cracks at elevated temperatures;
- need additional insulation of the walls;
- it is impossible to carry out redevelopment of the erected log house;
- dependent on weather conditions.
Advantages of a solid bar:
- does not require the use of special equipment;
- there are no problems with the acquisition, since such a beam is widespread;
- low price, makes the timber affordable for everyone.

Flaws:
- finishing costs;
— low protection against blowing;
- decent cracking of the timber;
- such a construction needs double-sided cladding;
- need careful selection: compliance with GOST, the absence of fungus;
- in the presence of a fungus, the timber needs to be treated with antiseptic agents.
When choosing, you should bet on the wear resistance of wood. Accuracy in the choice of timber, as well as adherence to technology, are a guarantee of the quality of the house.

Preparation of materials

All the necessary volume of material should be collected before construction begins. The purchase of materials provides for two development options:
- purchase of finished timber. When ordering a material, the customer indicates all the necessary measurements and purchases a finished beam with grooves, which can be used immediately;
- purchase of wood, which you need to prepare with your own hands. In this case, you have to cut the bars yourself, after which it should be treated with an antiseptic. Only then will construction begin.
When buying wood, you should pay attention to the following factors:
- the quality of the tree;
- did the beetles feed on this timber and whether they live in it;
- are there any through cracks in the tree;
- Is the beam affected by a fungus?

Project development

Drawing up a diagram of a log house requires attentiveness and accuracy of calculations. It is quite possible to draw a project with your own hands.

Creating a plan consists of several steps, which include their own nuances:

1. Determining the size of the house and directly its scheme.
At this stage, it is important to take into account the features of the purpose of the premises and the functions that they will perform, as well as all the necessary systems (ventilation, heating, etc.). It is important that rooms with high humidity (kitchen, toilet, bathroom) are located next to each other.
2. Calculation of the amount of materials.
When calculating the consumption of material, you need to take into account the thickness of the tree, as well as its length. An ordinary beam is six meters high, so if the walls of the house are planned to be longer, they are joined along the length.
Many construction companies create projects for timber houses on order. When drawing up drawings, all rules are observed. A house built according to such schemes will be geometrically correct and earthquake resistant. Also on the Internet you can find many photos with examples of ready-made schemes for timber houses.

Foundation laying

The foundation for a wooden house must be very strong. When choosing the type of foundation, the following circumstances should be considered:
— soil characteristics;
- features of the design of the house;
- the magnitude of the load of the structure.
By the volume of lumber designed for the construction of a house, it is easy to calculate the load of the future structure.
Foundation options:
1. Shallowly recessed tape.
2. Deep recessed tape.
3. Columnar.
4. Pile.
Pile, as well as shallow foundations are considered more economical. But more popular is a shallowly buried strip foundation.

The foundation of such a foundation should be laid to a depth of 50 to 70 cm.

Laying the first crown

So that high humidity does not disable the first crown, a buffer element should be created between it and the foundation. Such an element is a lining board impregnated with an antiseptic (50 mm thick), which is usually made of larch.

Before laying the board, the side of the base adjacent to it is covered with two layers of roofing material. A layer of waterproofing will provide a cut-off of moisture.

Wall mounting

Step-by-step laying out rows of timber is the construction of walls. Pins are used to prevent displacement. Rows of wood are attached to them. Tight corner connection is provided due to the presence of grooves and spikes.

They should be additionally insulated with tow or other sealant. Laying out the phalanges of the beam, the spikes and grooves alternate.
There are several methods for connecting beams at the corners:
- connection in a warm corner;
- connections in the bowl;
- connection in the paw.
On the video on the Internet, you can find and watch a detailed briefing on the corner connection of the beam.
In places where the installation of doors and windows is planned, the size of the beam is calculated, taking into account the size of the opening. All openings are weak points for walls. To make the wall stronger, some bars are laid clearly according to its size. When the assembly of the log house is completed and it settles, the excess material is cut out.

To increase strength and fire resistance, the walls are treated with special substances. To increase wind protection, all seams should be caulked (plugged). Many builders of their wooden cottages post a video on the Internet in which they step by step present the installation of a log house.

roof construction

The high probability of repairing the roof after the construction of the house is guaranteed by its complex geometry. Therefore, the roof construction technology should be simpler. Therefore, it is better to build a gable roof.

After the construction of the walls, ceiling logs are placed on them so that they protrude 50 cm beyond the wall. The gap between them should be equal to the width of the insulation used 60 cm or 90 cm.
Next comes the assembly of the truss system. To strengthen the rafters, crossbars and racks are used. Then the fronts are sewn up. The lathing is carried out with a maximum step of 400 mm, and is attached to the rafters.

Finishing work

You can look at the video how houses made of timber look like, and how they are finished with all the nuances.

Floor arrangement

During the installation of log cabins, along the floor beams, a preliminary floor covering is created. The floor itself is installed in two steps:

1. Laying the floorboard.
2. Laying the subfloor.
The floor needs to be insulated; for this, mineral wool or other heat-insulating material is placed between the boards of the subfloor.

For flooring, in addition to the floorboard, you can also use laminate, as well as other materials.

Ceiling arrangement.

To reduce heat loss at home, the ceiling must be insulated with at least 200 cm of insulation. It is placed between the ceiling beams and protected with special vapor barrier and moisture barrier films. The ceiling of wooden houses is sheathed with clapboard. Large beams, if desired, can not be sheathed, they will serve as decorative elements.

Interior and exterior decoration

Sometimes just painting the house is enough. This applies to those cases when a profiled beam was used.
While the house is being built with their own hands, a long time passes, and the quality of the wood surface changes characteristically. Therefore, the timber should be re-sanded before painting.
Communication networks are laid inside. In the photo on the Internet, you can see the result of finishing work in wooden houses with a variety of design styles.

Window installation

In the places intended for windows, special openings (pigtail) are created. To do this, grooves are cut out, a bar is placed in them, preferably not back to back. It should be smaller in length, so that when the walls shrink, it is possible for the beam to fall. Thanks to this, the shrinkage goes smoothly, and at its end, windows are mounted.

It is not necessary to install wooden windows, you can also plastic ones.

Installation of doors and partitions

Doors are installed using the same technology as windows.
Install partitions, only after assembling the log house. If a two-story house with an area of ​​​​more than 60m2 is being built, then the first floor, which is not equipped with partitions, makes the building structure dangerous. For safety and strength, at least one partition is required.
In principle, building a house from a bar with your own hands is not at all difficult. You can watch video tutorials in which all the nuances of construction are considered step by step. The very technology of building a house is simple and if you follow it, then the built house will be durable for many years.

Video. A detailed film about the construction of houses from timber

With my own hands. This question is relevant, because wooden buildings are very warm, in addition, they are completely environmentally friendly and look very unusual.

How to choose quality material

Compliance with all construction technologies does not at all guarantee that the house will be strong and durable. One of the most important requirements for obtaining a reliable building is the use of quality material. Most often, coniferous wood is used for the construction of a wooden house. This is due to the fact that such material meets sanitary and hygienic standards. In addition, it is more resistant to decay than others, cracks do not appear on it (provided that it is used correctly), and it is easy to process it, as well as mount it, which is explained by its low weight.

Before you build a house from a bar with your own hands, you need to choose a material that has undergone a high-quality drying process. This will make the shrinkage not so significant. After all, it not only makes the initial height of the building smaller, but is also accompanied by the formation of grooves between the logs, which then have to be filled.

In addition, for the construction of a house, you can choose a solid or profiled beam (the latter, by the way, only involves assembly on the territory of the work). After the process is completed, you will receive a building that is resistant to deformation. External weather influences are not terrible for profiled timber, as the logs are fitted as tightly as possible. After shrinkage, the walls of the house do not have to be caulked, which makes operation more pleasant.

Characteristics of a solid bar

Before proceeding directly to the discussion of the question "how to build a house from a bar with your own hands" (photos of finished buildings, by the way, you can see in the article), let's say a few words about such an option as a solid bar. It looks, of course, not as attractive as profiled, but it also has a lot of advantages. Among the main ones are affordable prices. But before purchasing, you need to pay attention to the quality of the material, as it has natural moisture and can be affected by fungus. In order for the building to retain heat, it will have to be insulated even at the construction stage, moreover, the process should be repeated after shrinkage.

Foundation construction

Before you build a house from a bar with your own hands, you need to build a foundation. An excellent base will be a tape design. The markup is done first. The territory is cleared, the top layer of soil is removed from it, the thickness of which is approximately 7-10 cm. Next, you can dig a trench 1.5 m wide, while its depth should be 2.5 m. Now you can install the formwork. Reinforcement made of steel bars Ø1.5 cm should be laid in it, their length is limited to 2-2.5 m.

If a private developer is faced with the question of how to build a house from a bar with his own hands, then he should know that the foundation must be of the highest quality. It is impossible to make it as such if you do not lay a backfill on the bottom of the trench, which should consist of hydrogenous material and have a thickness of 30-50 cm. The next step is pouring concrete. It is preferable to order a mortar at the factory or rent a concrete mixer for this. As a prerequisite for the formation of the foundation, the next layer is poured before the previous one is covered with a crust. In the flooded state, the base is left for up to five days. It is recommended to cover the foundation with waterproofing before building walls; for this, rolled roofing material is suitable, which is laid on bituminous mastic.

Walling

You should know what work to be done at the stage of building walls even before you build a house from a bar with your own hands. Photos of such buildings are presented in the article, so you have visual material. To do this, you can purchase a bar with a section of 200x200 or 150x150 mm. First you have to choose one of the cutting methods. For example, walls can be assembled into a paw. For cutting using this technology, a pair of logs will have to be placed opposite each other on the foundation. After another pair is folded perpendicularly, so that a square is obtained. At the next stage, a “nest” should be formed in each log, designed for fastening. It should be in the shape of a trapezoid. In the resulting recess, it is necessary to install the next log, and make the same “nest” in it. It is necessary to carry out such work until the walls reach the design height.

Alternative felling options

If you are still thinking about how to build a house from a bar with your own hands, you can learn more about this in this article.

So, another cutting option is called "dovetail". It is similar to the previous one. But the "nest" in this case should not have a perpendicular appearance, it will have to be made at an angle, which will allow each next log to be laid in the recess of the previous one. In order to cut "into the bowl", you have to use a tool called the "line". It resembles a compass and is used to perform the correct markup. In each log, a "bowl" is made from below. At the next stage, it is necessary to lay the next log so that the “bowl” on top of the installed beam repeats the outlines of the lower one. This cutting technology allows for excellent stability. designs

Before you build a house from a bar with your own hands with a basement, you need to lay the foundation. Suitable for this, for example, a tape base. After erecting the foundation, you can proceed to the construction of walls, they can be assembled by cutting "in half a tree". This technology involves the need to make small holes for the dowels. It is recommended to place them in places that are near the junction of corners. When choosing the length of the veneer, it must be taken into account that it should be enough for more than one crown. You can apply a more popular version of this technology, which provides for the need to fold and install the dowel into the joints of the logs. This will improve the reliability of the corners.

Wall assembly features

What else is needed for a practical solution to the question: "How to build a house from a bar with your own hands?" Projects! You can take as a basis those presented in the article. It will be easiest to assemble walls from profiled timber. Crowns can be fastened together using dowels. They will prevent the log from twisting. You can make such a fastener using wood or steel. The latter option will last much longer, as it is characterized by increased strength. Their installation is carried out through two crowns, and after - through one. Why is a hole made in the log, the diameter of which is 3 cm. The step between the dowels should be at least 1.5 m.

Sealant should be laid between rows. At the points where the external walls are joined, it is recommended to use the so-called "warm corner" lock. To form it, a spike is made in one log, and a groove in the other. Both elements must exactly match each other in terms of parameters. This allows for a rigid structure.

Installation of partitions

Partitions should be cut into the structure of the main walls. In order to build them, you need to use a beam, the cross section of which is 100x150 mm. Engage in the formation of partitions should only be after the construction of the log house. If you have chosen a house project consisting of two floors, then there must be at least one partition on the first floor. She will act as a support.

Work on the floor

Before you build a house from a bar with your own hands, you need to gradually understand the processes to be performed. For example, it is recommended to assemble the floor using heat insulators. The design of the floor should be double, this will guarantee the preservation of heat in the premises even in cold weather. Initially, a rough floor is mounted. For this, it is recommended to use a cutting board. Usually the material is hemmed from below. But it is worth considering that this technology does not guarantee a reliable design, and the boards can come off. In order to exclude this phenomenon, it is necessary to connect the boards together. At the next stage, the cranial beam comes into play, the fixation of which is carried out to the lags. Insulation is laid between the two layers of the floor.

Ceiling and roof construction

If you are thinking about how to build a house from a bar with your own hands, the ceiling, or rather, the method of arranging it, should be thought out to the smallest detail. It is also important what material will be used as roofing. It can be roofing material or metal tile. But initially it is necessary to install ceiling beams and rafters, which is done after the walls are erected. The logs should slightly extend beyond the wall, by about 50 cm. As a material for them, it is recommended to use a bar with a cross section of 150x100 mm. Its installation is carried out on the edge with a step of 100 cm.

Then you can proceed to the installation of boards, which will form the basis of the truss system. The fastening must be rigid. Now you can lay the gables, which are formed from a bar 150x150 mm. Do not forget about waterproofing, which must be laid before the arrangement of the ceiling screed. For a log house, it is best to use filler or roll waterproofing.

Formation of openings

If you are thinking about how to build a house from a bar with your own hands, the instructions will not hurt you. It can be found in this article. It is also important to know how the pigtail is made. It is recommended to make openings after the completion of construction, then the work will be simplified, compared with marking and cutting openings during the laying of walls. We should not forget about the pigtail: this is due to the fact that this process will allow you to leave the structure intact. Among other things, this manipulation has another advantage, which is to prevent displacement of the lateral located crowns during shrinkage.

Completion of the construction process

So, you already know almost everything about how to build a house from a bar with your own hands. Where to start, we have considered, now we will discuss how to finish. One of the advantages of a wooden house is that its walls do not imply the need to finish them. This applies to both the inner surface and the outer. Moreover, in the first year after the completion of construction, this cannot be done at all, since the house will shrink. The only thing to do with the log is to cover it with protective agents that will not allow the wood to rot and burn. Absolutely fireproof walls, of course, cannot be made, but if treated with the appropriate compounds, the tree will not ignite so quickly when exposed to direct flame.

Tools and materials

Finally, we will pay attention to one more important point, without which, by no means, it will not be possible to solve the question of how to build a house from a bar with your own hands. Tools (and they need a lot) will be needed by any master - both a beginner and a professional. So, you need to prepare the following minimum set:

• electric or chainsaw;
• hacksaws with large and small teeth;
• drills of different diameters;
• hammers;
• level;
• nail puller;
• several roulettes;
• jointer for processing, etc.

After completion of the work, you can immediately enter the house, which is very much appreciated by consumers. And if you choose a unique project, then your home will look very interesting.

The decision to build a house from a bar is not taken immediately and not suddenly. It's just that this technology, with a simpler assembly of walls, allows you to get excellent characteristics for housing: for the Moscow region, a beam of 195 mm thick is enough. With such a thickness of the outer walls, it will be warm, but to save on heating, it is better to insulate it (outside 10 mm of mineral wool) and make a ventilated facade. Then there will be more savings on heating.

Plasticity in processing is one of the advantages of wood

What wood to choose

Coniferous wood is usually used to build a house. There are several reasons. Firstly, the high content of resins, which are natural preservatives and antiseptics. Due to their presence, the wood is not destroyed for a long time. Secondly, affordable price. You can, of course, build a house from beech or oak timber, but the price will be simply sky-high. Thirdly, the wood is soft and easy to process.

Of all conifers, most often they put a house from a pine beam. With good performance, it is relatively inexpensive. Houses made of larch and cedar are rarely built: they are too expensive. From spruce even less often, but for a different reason: it is destroyed the fastest, and even difficult to process. So, regarding the type of wood, there is, in fact, no choice. 95% is pine. But with the type of timber you need to understand.

According to the processing method, timber happens:

• Ordinary or solid, unplaned timber. Sawn from a solid log, the section is a quadrilateral (square or rectangle).
• Profiled bar. It is also sawn from a solid log, but after it is processed: spikes and grooves are formed with milling cutters - profiles with which one beam is joined to another. The side faces are also processed. They come out of the machine already planed. The section is of complex shape. The side faces can be even, rounded, curly - with chamfers, the shape of the "castle" - numerous beards and recesses.
• Glued beam. Outwardly similar to profiled, but assembled (glued) from several boards.

We will analyze the features of each type of timber, regarding the construction of a house.

House made of ordinary timber

If earlier they said that they decided to build a house from a bar, then they clearly understood the usual rectangular bar. There was simply no other, or it was too expensive: it was brought from abroad. Ordinary timber is the most affordable, if we take the cost per cubic meter. But, as a result of all the required measures, the cost of construction may be higher than from a profiled one. It's all about the characteristics of the material. They lead to significant additional costs even at the construction stage: when building a house from unplaned timber, interventional insulation is necessarily used. Its geometry is not ideal, and if this is not done, it will be very strong to blow through the gaps between the crowns. The second feature is that the surface of the walls turns out to be uneven and one cannot do without finishing inside and outside.

In addition to laying the interventional layer, the delivered log house is caulked, additionally sealing the seams. A caulk is needed not one, but at least two, sometimes more. And all because it is made from wood of natural moisture. In practice, this has the following consequences:

Another feature of a house made of ordinary timber: the walls are uneven. To give them a “decent” look, they are either sheathed with finishing materials or polished. But grinding is a controversial undertaking: the interventional sealant makes it almost impossible. Even if you manage to grind the timber, where to put the seams?

So it turns out that the cost of the house as a result can be more: add interventional insulation, material for caulking and the work itself (and it is not cheap), the cost of exterior and interior decoration to the cost of the timber. Please also note that moldings are brought to your site - bars of the ordered length. The bowls are sawn on the spot. This means that the qualifications of carpenters must be high. How the cut is made determines how warm the corners will be. And in a log house, it is the corners that are the most problematic place.

Features of profiled timber

Considering a profiled beam, the first thing that catches your eye is the almost perfect geometry and smooth surfaces. Anyway, that's how it should be. With good workmanship, finishing is not needed: the wall immediately turns out to be even and smooth, even if it is immediately ready for painting.

The second, also quite obvious feature, is due to the fact that the edges that join two profiled beams have recesses and protrusions (locks) through slots cannot be. Manufacturers of profiled timber say that it is possible to lay walls without interventional insulation: it will be warm anyway. But few people listen to them. They put at least a thin, but a heater. Someone uses a thin substrate for a laminate, someone uses a self-expanding tape for mounting plastic windows, as well as jute tape and similar materials.

In the photo, by the way, the most common profile among developers lately is the “comb”. It can have a “tooth” of different heights and widths, and is loved by everyone because, in theory, it is impossible to “blow through” it. However, even here they insure themselves by laying insulation.

Several typical beam profiles (the two on the far right in the picture are glued beams, but profiled beams are made of exactly the same profile)

In general, there are a lot of profiles. Some of them are in the photo. When choosing a supplier, it is necessary to pay attention not only to the shape of the locks, but also to how they are made. Matching in any pair should be maximum.

Having decided to build a house from a bar with a profile, you need to decide on its moisture content. Profiled timber can be of natural humidity (cheaper), it can be chamber dried with a moisture content of no more than 14-16%. Features of lumber of natural moisture have already been considered, now let's talk about chamber drying. The company installs large drying cabinets, into which the finished profiled timber is loaded. There, at elevated temperatures, it loses excess moisture. At the same time, all the processes that usually accompany the drying of wood take place in the chamber: it bursts, it twists. Accordingly, part goes into marriage, and the rest is sold at a higher price. The reasons seem to be clear.

If you decide to build a house from kiln-dried timber, you can start finishing earlier. The log house should still stand, but it will take 9-12 months. At the same time, new cracks are rarely formed, only existing ones expand. But it should be borne in mind that due to the high cost of drying, most often they only reduce the humidity to operational - 16-18%, while chamber drying is considered wood 8-12%.

Either way, gaps will need to be sealed. Caulking is needed in very limited volumes: first of all, you will have to look through all the corners and cuts, if any (this is the name of the places where the walls are attached). Even a well-made bowl can dry out unevenly, causing a gap to appear. Also, the beam can turn out, which will also lead to the appearance or expansion of the gap. So a periodic revision of the corners is also required during operation. Wood is a living material and will change all the time. Also, after a year of sludge, too large cracks in the timber will have to be repaired (without fanaticism, so that the tow does not open the crack).

The frame is assembled from numbered blanks with a molded bowl (numbers in blue on the ends)

It may be easier with the assembly. If you simply order lumber, you can cut corners from a profiled beam, as from a regular one, on the site. But many enterprises, in the presence of a project, offer to take on part of the work. With the help of a special program, they make a layout on the beam: they make a list of "spare parts" from which the house will be assembled. Then, according to this list, blanks are cut out, and with molded thickets. The blanks are numbered and brought ready to the site, where it remains to fold the house, like a designer: folding the bars according to the numbers marked on the plan.

This is convenient, especially if you are going to cost a house with your own hands without construction experience. It is clear that the service is not free, but you can save on paying for carpenters: it is not required to assemble such a highly qualified designer. Only in this case, whether your house will be warm or not depends on how accurately the bowls are made at the factory. Sometimes there are companies that make very low-quality cuts. You can see a few of these in the photo.

Poorly made bowls - it will blow incredibly, and the caulk will not save you well

In general, there are pluses and minuses, but compared to ordinary timber, profiled timber is more convenient in construction, and at a price it can also come out cheaper, if you count with finishing.

Glued laminated timber

It is clear from the name that it consists of glued parts. First, the lamellas are sawn, they are treated with antiseptics, dried to a certain humidity, then glued. Due to the complex manufacturing process, the price tag of this material is approximately 2.5-3 times higher than that of conventional and 80-90% than profiled.

What are its advantages? Properly made, it does not crack, it does not lead: dry material cannot shrink, and glued beads should have a moisture content of no higher than 12-15%. Therefore, the finishing process, with a beam width sufficient to compensate for heat loss, can only be reduced to painting or varnishing, since protective impregnation is also carried out at the enterprise (should, in any case).

What does glued laminated timber and its profiles look like?

Another consequence of the lack of shrinkage is that after a few weeks the folded log house can be immediately put under the roof, and after a few more weeks you can start finishing. This time is necessary for the shrinkage of the bowls, and the geometric dimensions of the glued beam should not change. That is, a significant time saving is obtained - everything, including finishing work, can be done in one season.

But is glued beads really that good? In terms of build speed, yes. But it has serious shortcomings. First: it is glued. What crosses out one of the main advantages of wood - environmental friendliness. Secondly, its vapor permeability is low. Many people choose wooden houses precisely because of their ability to naturally regulate the humidity in the room. Glued laminated timber is deprived of this due to the presence of layers of glue. Of all the advantages of wood, only an attractive appearance remains, but, finished with a clapboard of the appropriate profile or a block house, it looks exactly the same. Therefore, the use of glued laminated timber for building a house is a very controversial issue.

Stages of building a house from a bar

A log house has several advantages:

• The walls are light, which is why the load on the foundation is low, which means that the cost of its installation will be lower.
• Wood is an elastic material and it compensates for small movements in the foundation without compromising the integrity of the building. And this, again, allows you to make shallow foundations on well-draining soils.

The choice of the type of foundation depends largely on the soil, but most often they do it, if there is no need for a basement, you can put a columnar (for small buildings of temporary residence - cottages, baths, etc.) or or without). The choice should preferably be based on the results of geological studies. The process is described in more detail.

While the foundation is “setting”, prepare the wood. All timber and dowels are treated with antiseptics and fire retardants. Use compositions that do not form a film on the surface of the log. They will not interfere with the drying process. After preparing the timber, the actual construction of the house begins:

• Cut-off waterproofing. So that the wood from the foundation does not draw moisture, it is necessary to lay a layer of hydrophobic material. Previously, two layers of roofing material were laid under the first crown. Today there are more modern materials - coating and rolled. You can use them, and in combination: coat, stick rolled.
• Laying crown crown. The beam is chosen without signs of blue, with a minimum number of knots. Preferably - from the middle part of the tree - with the maximum density of annual rings. It is additionally treated with impregnations designed for wood in direct contact with the ground. In order to ensure better preservation of the first crown, there is a trick: a wide board impregnated with bituminous mastic with working off is laid on the waterproofing. Another layer of waterproofing is placed on it, and on top - the first crown. All these layers are connected to the foundation with studs, which are poured into the foundation.
• Draft floor. Floor logs are attached to the first crown - a bar with a section of 150 * 100 mm. They are laid out in increments of at least 70 cm. To make it more convenient to work, the subfloor boards are laid out along the logs without nailing them.
• Assembly of walls from a bar. If a wall kit with ready-made bowls is not ordered, they are “slaughtered”. Cut out according to the pattern. A template is drawn from a piece of plywood, it is outlined, then it is cut out. They use a chainsaw more often, but a rather high degree of proficiency in the tool is required: how warm the house will be depends on the accuracy of the sawing. The forms of connecting the beam are in the picture.

We have already talked about laying interventional insulation: when using an ordinary beam, it is mandatory, under a profiled one it is desirable in bowls, the rest is optional. Between themselves, the crowns are connected by dowels - long round bars carved from a single piece of wood, dowels - rectangular in shape or studs - metal rods. In any case, a hole is drilled under the connection, into which the connecting element is hammered.

• The order of work depends on the type of roof chosen. When arranging a simple installation, rafter legs are installed, with a different order. A windproof membrane is rolled out and fixed onto the assembled truss system. In this form, the house is left for a long time to shrink.
• Door and window openings. For speedy shrinkage and shrinkage, you can cut window and door openings, put a pigtail or fixing strips. Door and window blocks are not installed until the end of the main shrinkage.

After a year or two, you can start finishing work. All the time while the log house is settling, it is necessary to monitor the processes occurring in the wood. It is immediately necessary to inspect the corners and, if necessary, caulk them. Then monitor their condition, as well as the joints of the timber. If the dowels were driven in with great effort, during shrinkage, the timber may hang on them, which causes cracks to form. You can solve the problem by hanging around: they take a huge wooden hammer and knock on the walls, causing faster shrinkage. The same technique is used if the house sits too slowly.

The video shows the main stages of how to build a house from a bar. Despite the lyrical digressions, a lot of valuable information.

How to build a house from a bar: photo report

They built such a house.

We ordered a wall kit according to the project, a strip foundation was poured under it.

They brought blanks with sawed-down bowls. They were carefully unloaded, while examining for flaws. One beam turned out to be problematic - it was in the middle of the bundle and suffocated - it was covered with a fungus. It was postponed for a separate "treatment". The rest were covered with impregnation (Valti Pohjust) and stacked.

So that there are no problems with the fungus, a gasket is laid under each - boards lying across.

Also, rolls of insulation and dowels were purchased. Nagels were sent to bathe in impregnation. Impregnation was poured into the old bath and left for half a day, then taken out and dried.

On the waterproofing laid on the foundation, the first crown was laid out - a half-beam. It has no grooves at the bottom.

It was pulled to the foundation with anchors to studs cast into concrete.

Laid the first crown. The one that was previously fixed on the foundation is often called "zero".

Let's change the diagonals. In order for the cups to fit without problems and there is no skew, they must be equal. The allowable skew is a couple of millimeters.

Having aligned the diagonals, we drill holes for the dowels. So that there were no holes larger / smaller than necessary in length, a limiter tree was planted on the drill.

The walls are gradually rising. In a checkerboard pattern, we fasten them with dowels.

In general, the timber is more or less normal, but there are problems with incorrectly sawn cups. When laying the timber, we get a huge gap. The only way to deal with this is to manually adjust the cups so that everything lies flat.

It takes a lot of time to eliminate these inconsistencies, but gradually all the walls are laid out.

Walls made of profiled timber are driven out

We proceed to the assembly of the truss system. First, as is customary, two extreme farms are installed, then everything else, according to the project.

The finished crate was sheathed with roofing material. Let's leave the house to dry.

Inside we lay out the boards of the subfloor, nailing every fifth. They will dry with the house.

Related videos

The mistakes that are made when building houses from profiled timber are described in detail and analyzed in this video. Very useful. Look.

Building your own home is a very responsible step. And if you decide to do this work yourself, then there will be even more questions and doubts. Today we will discuss whether it is possible to build a house from a bar with our own hands, we will highlight each of the stages of construction, we will try to reveal all possible options. Whether you have enough strength and skills for this difficult task is up to you. Where to begin? What to pay special attention to? Brief answers to all these questions can be found in this article.

The very first questions that arise long before construction:

Where to build?

Perhaps this question will not be acute for you. Often, a summer cottage is used for construction, where individual housing construction is allowed; an empty plot or with dilapidated housing was inherited from parents or relatives; state assistance for a third child. There can be many reasons for land ownership. Often, it is with the advent of a land plot that there is a desire to acquire your own spacious house for living or a cozy country house for summer holidays.

What to do if there is no site? How to choose the right place for construction? Here you should decide on the purpose of your home. For a country house of temporary stay, any site is suitable. The main criteria here are the environment and ecology. When it comes to building a permanent home, there are many more factors to consider. You should carefully consider the terrain and soils. This can significantly complicate the construction in terms of arranging the foundation. It is important to pay attention to the location of communications. It is difficult to imagine a comfortable life without electricity. Gas allows you to simplify and reduce the cost of heating your home. The problem with the water supply can be solved with the help of a well. But here again we return to the geological study of soils. Sometimes drilling can become a big problem with big costs.

Expert opinion

Sergey Yurievich

Construction of houses, outbuildings, terraces and verandas.

The environmental issue is also important. Often the most polluted sites are the cheapest. In such a place it is pointless to build environmentally friendly houses from timber.

What to build?

What purpose do you plan to build a house? We have already mentioned how important it is to determine how your building will be used: a temporary place to spend time with family and friends, or a cozy nest for permanent residence. It is also necessary to choose the size of the object commensurate with the building site. It may be worth planning the location of other buildings on your site in order to harmoniously arrange a bathhouse, garage, gazebo, garden and other elements of comfortable living.

What to build from?

Now there are a lot of materials and technologies for construction. We will not consider the advantages and disadvantages of each of them. We decided to build a house out of timber for ourselves.

After solving these issues, you can directly proceed to construction, although here, too, you will first have to work with your head. There is still a long way to go before direct work with hands.

Preparatory work before construction

Before starting work on the site, you must have a clear project of your facility. Without it, it is difficult to imagine the construction of even small buildings. How to draw up a project for your home?

• Long before the construction, we made a choice in favor of a residential cottage or a country house. Now you need to make a choice of the size of the future home. This may depend on the size of your family, financial capabilities.
• Having decided on the size of the house, it is necessary to decide on the choice of technology for building a house from a bar. Some of the materials may not allow the solution of your project.
• Sawn timber houses. The material used is edged timber with 4 or 2 sawn flat edges. The material has a natural moisture content. The main advantage of this material is its availability and low cost. You can easily find a supplier of such material. Disadvantages: the need to use additional seals between the crowns, low aesthetics (requires exterior and interior decoration), significant shrinkage of the house, the appearance of cracks.
• Houses from profiled timber. Planed timber of special section. The workpiece is equipped with a spike and a groove for tight mounting without additional seals. It can be made of wood of natural moisture or chamber drying.
• Glued beam houses. The same profiled beam, but made by gluing individual boards using a special technology. Made only from kiln-dried wood.
• . The wall is a "pie" of two parallel walls made of boards with a section of 45 (47) x135 (140) mm with filling the space between them with insulation.

The choice of construction technology is inextricably linked with the search for a reliable supplier of the necessary material. The Internet and the phone allow you to solve this issue even without visiting the manufacturer's office. You will be able to specify the price and delivery time, it remains only to read the reviews about the supplier.

We chose the size and material

Now you can proceed to the final design of the house. This is where the internet can help you too. One has only to write a request "project of a house from a bar 6 by 6" or "a house from a bar 8 by 8", and you will receive a huge list of projects, often even with a calculated cost. You should not redraw the project for yourself without good knowledge in wooden architecture. You can also use a standard project from a material supplier (especially for profiled or glued beams). Often, design services can be offered free of charge when ordering a house kit from the manufacturer.

With the finished project, it is necessary to draw up an estimate of materials. Even if you are confident in the availability of the selected project, you should not refuse estimate work. It is necessary at least to calculate the supply of building materials so that there are no delays in work, there are no difficulties in their storage. At this stage, you can afford to call suppliers and choose the best option for price and quality. Often, negligent developers have to hurry to look for some material with a significant overpayment. Almost all suppliers of building materials are familiar with the formulation of the question: “Yesterday must be…” They use this to earn additional income.

The estimate will also have to include the cost of the foundation of the house. You have a project, you know the approximate entire object, the soil was studied before the design - choosing the type of foundation will be a simple matter.

Now we are ready to go to the building site. You can start field work, but before that you need to solve one more important issue.

Tools for building a house from a bar

Building a house from a bar does not require a wide range of special tools. But even this insignificant list is not found in every man, especially if he is not associated with construction. So what will be required:

• Chainsaw or electric saw. You will definitely need a chain saw, for precise work you will also need a circular saw or a trimming machine (for finishing work).
• Roulette, lace for measuring and marking.
• Level, hydraulic level, plumb lines, level. The construction of all house structures requires constant monitoring of horizontal and vertical. The most expensive of these tools is a level, which is only required for foundation work.
• Hammer, axe, sledgehammer - it's hard to imagine any carpentry work without these tools.
• Perforator, drill, screwdriver. Without working with fasteners, it is difficult to imagine modern work.
• A range of personal protective equipment. These include goggles, respirators, safety elements (a lot of work will be done at height).
• Bulgarian for cutting metal elements (especially for working with roofing materials).

Foundation arrangement

So, it's time to start building. What is the beginning of any object? Of course, from the construction of the foundation, the reliability of the entire building depends on it. This is not the most difficult, but one of the most important stages in building a house from a bar. We will not consider the features of choosing different types of foundation. We have already made a choice based on the assessment of soils and the weight of the finished house. We will only talk about the features of the installation of the foundation with our own hands.

Foundation on screw piles

It has become widespread due to its versatility and speed of installation. How to perform installation? First you need to calculate the number of piles and their diameter. Then you need to calculate the location of the piles on the site. Even at the design stage, you should have a drawing of a pile field for your house. According to this plan, the site is marked with laces and pegs.

Now you can start screwing the piles. To facilitate the start of screwing, you can dig holes no deeper than 20 cm. The pile is installed in the hole, and with the help of a special rod and assistants, the pile is screwed strictly vertically. Pile sites should be at the same level, this is controlled using a level. You can start installing the grillage. In the case of using a wooden grillage from a bar or a metal grillage from a channel, they are simply fixed on the pile sites. For a reinforced concrete grillage, it will be necessary to install formwork from boards or plywood and lay reinforcement.

Foundation on concrete piles

Prefabricated concrete piles may be driven (requires the use of heavy special equipment) or bored piles. In the case of bored piles, the pile field is also marked. After that, holes are drilled to the freezing depth or pits are dug to the desired depth. A formwork made of roofing material or boards is installed in the hole. Concrete is poured, and pre-bonded reinforcement is immersed in it. Now you can start installing the grillage. This is done by analogy with the foundation on screw piles.

Strip foundation

For houses made of timber, a tape shallow foundation is often used, which perfectly distributes the load of the house. For the installation of a strip foundation, a trench is dug according to the design of the house. The bottom of the trench is filled with sand, which is rammed or spilled with water. Next, formwork made of boards or plywood is mounted, specially bonded reinforcement is laid. The foundation is poured with level control.

slab foundation

Installation is carried out similarly to the strip foundation. The only difference is that a foundation pit is dug under the entire area of ​​​​the house. Sand is poured onto the same area, reinforcement is laid and concrete is poured.

After the concrete has hardened, waterproofing is laid and the Mauerlat or the first crown of the log house is installed.

Walling

It should be noted that after laying the first crown, floor beams can be installed. They can crash into walls (a groove is cut in the wall beams) or fastened with metal supports.

The construction of walls is inextricably linked with the chosen technology. We will analyze the work process for each of the construction options.

• Cut beam. Before laying each subsequent crown, sealing material is laid: jute, flax fiber, tow, moss. After laying the row, it is necessary to drill through two beams with a drill and a serpentine drill. A dowel made of wood will be hammered into this hole to stiffen the wall in height. Instead of wooden dowels, special metal elements can be used, but in this case, markings of their location are left on the timber for subsequent sawing of openings for windows and doors (houses from edged timber are not made according to a project with ready-made openings).
• Profiled or glued timber. These two technologies have the same workpiece profile, so the assembly has identical operations. First of all, it is necessary to lay out a set of beams according to the technological map (each beam is marked, and its position is specified in the project). The exception is profiled timber, purchased in the form of moldings. This material is supplied in lengths of 6 meters without bowls. In this case, the assembly is carried out by analogy with a trimmed beam, with the exception of laying the sealing material. The dowels are driven according to the technology described above.
• Double bar. Completely different technology. Boards are hammered into each other with a sledgehammer and special overlays. The verticality of the wall is ensured by driving cuts. With the help of the same cuts, a constant gap between the outer and inner walls is controlled. Before you start building a house from a double beam with your own hands, we recommend that you familiarize yourself with all the intricacies of working with this material. A slight violation of technology can lead to disastrous results.

Difficulties in the construction of walls are associated only with lifting the beam to a great height. 2-3 people are quite capable of assembling a house from a bar of any size.

Roof installation

One of the most difficult stages of building a house is the installation of a truss system. Even experienced builders treat this stage of work with the greatest responsibility. We will not delve into the complex shapes of the roof. If you decide to install a cuckoo roof, hip or complex multi-pitched roof, then you have a lot of your own knowledge. Consider the installation of a gable roof.

After laying the timber of the upper strapping, the future trusses are marked. The step of farms usually does not exceed 1.5 meters. The first farm is assembled on site, the rest can be sawn on the ground according to the pattern. First, two extreme trusses are installed, on which the ridge beam is laid. A cord is pulled to control the level of intermediate trusses. The crate is sewn from edged boards or OSB. The waterproofing contour is laid, the counter-rail is sewn on. Now you can lay the roofing material. The range of roofing materials is very wide, and you can find training for each of them on the Internet. The most simple for an inexperienced builder are profiled sheets, metal tiles, ondulin and onduvilla.

Finishing

Building a house under a roof is a big victory when building on your own. Now you can not worry about the durability of your log house.

Finishing work should begin with the facade. If a planed timber was used, then only its coloring with protective decorative compounds is required. In the case of working with edged timber, they are treated with an antiseptic and the facade is sheathed with finishing materials. Sheathing can be imitation timber, blockhouse, siding (vinyl or metal), facade panels, fiber cement siding or panels. Working with sheathing materials is always the same: installation of a crate made of timber or a profile and fastening of sheathing material using self-tapping screws or special fasteners - a kleimer.

A special place in the decoration is the installation of windows and doors. Shrinkage of the log house in height requires the installation of additional shrink boxes. The simplest is the installation of draft T-shaped casing boxes. At the ends of the timber in the sawn openings, a groove of 50x50 mm or 50x40 mm is selected using a milling cutter. A beam is laid in it, along which the settling beam of the walls will slide. A dry board with a thickness of at least 40 mm and a width equal to the thickness of the wall is attached to this beam. A board of the same section is placed at the top and bottom. A gap of 2 to 10 cm is left above the top board of the box, depending on the material used (dry or natural humidity). Windows and doors can be safely installed in these boxes in accordance with their standard technology for brick houses.

You can talk a lot and for a long time about the interior decoration of the house and communications. A variety of finishing materials, engineering systems can lead even an experienced builder into the wilds. Try to study the issue specifically for your finish option. The Internet and the advice of experts on the forums will give you real help in this.

Conclusion

We only briefly told you about the stages of building a house from a bar with our own hands. Now it remains to make a decision - are you ready to go this way, or is it better to trust the professionals. Of course, you cannot do all the work yourself. But what part of the work to take into your own hands? You decide. Remember that illiterate work can only bring you additional costs, not savings.

Many land owners, choosing the right building material for the construction of a residential building, come to the conclusion that it is more profitable to build a house from a bar with their own hands. A residential building made of wood is considered the most environmentally friendly, and today this material is increasingly used for the construction of residential buildings. Ready-made offers from construction companies are not available to everyone due to their high cost. However, having studied the features of the construction of such buildings, you can gradually begin to build a house from a bar on your own.

List of advantages and disadvantages

Advantages of a log house:

1. Environmental friendliness. Timber as a material for building a house is the most environmentally friendly of all existing ones.
2. Comfortable temperature and humidity in the rooms.
3. Good soundproofing.
4. Saving money due to the fact that there is no need to build a deep foundation, and all construction work can be done independently.
5. The ability to quickly build a residential building.
6. Attractive appearance.

The list of disadvantages of timber structures:

1. Risk of cracking of the building material.
2. When using non-dried wood, the shrinkage process of the house is carried out for a longer period.
3. Wood can serve as a medium for fungal formations.
4. This building material is subject to decay.
5. Glued laminated timber is not breathable.
6. Wood is a combustible building material.

How to calculate the size of a residential building

Before undertaking to build a house from a bar, it is necessary to draw up a general plan and drawings of the future structure. You can design a visual layout either on your own or order this service from representatives of special organizations. You can also pick up a ready-made drawing from any open source.

The first stage of design, before building a house from a bar yourself, is to determine the size of the future building. Calculate the dimensions of the building should be based on the available area and the needs of residents. If the free area for construction is small, but it is necessary to put a high-quality house made of timber on it for several people to live, you can consider the option of a small-sized residential building. If you carefully think over and organize the usable space, even in a small house everyone will be comfortable.

When we build a residential building from a bar, additional space can be created by equipping a terrace or an attic room.

The average size of a residential building made of this building material is 5 × 4 m, of course, if the territory allows. The size of 6 × 8 m is considered universal for residential buildings for summer cottages. Such dimensions make it possible to build a second floor.

Despite the fact that most often the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe house is calculated in accordance with the number of residents and the size of the plot, you usually have to focus on the available budget.

How to prepare a project yourself

Before you make drawings of a construction project and use them to build a residential building correctly, you need to determine the following characteristics of the site:

• relief;
• soil type;
• groundwater level.

Only after determining these parameters, you can begin to draw up a diagram.

The fact is that all these factors have a direct impact on the characteristics of the future structure, in particular, the type of foundation being built depends on them.

If it is not planned to build a basement, a column-type foundation would be a good option - it is suitable even for heaving soil. Since each house project involves the construction of a building of a certain size, the amount of building materials used must be calculated in advance. In order to visualize the future construction on the site, determine the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe adjacent territory and the placement of the house relative to its borders, it is necessary to correlate the plan of the house with the cadastral plan of the site.

Errors when creating a project

If you are using a step-by-step guide and designing a house yourself, without experience, the following mistakes should be avoided:

1. Lack of rationality in the preparation of the internal layout.
2. Unsuccessful and inconvenient arrangement of windows and doorways.
3. Inaccurately calculated characteristics of the operational and technical plan.

Calculation of the necessary materials

The estimate must be drawn up in advance. This will allow you to buy as much building material as is required to build a house, and not buy it again in addition. Or vice versa - after assembling a house from a bar, sometimes you have to sell excess material. To avoid such difficulties, the volume of required raw materials should be calculated in advance. The first step is to calculate the building materials of those that are needed to build a house from a bar, namely, to build walls.

The height of the ceilings is taken into account along with the thickness of the floors and flooring. When calculating the walls from the inner and outer sides, the thickness of the beam section is taken into account. Next, calculate the total amount of timber. To do this, the height of the wall of a wooden house must be divided by the height of one unit of building material. The result will indicate the number of rows of beams needed to build each wall. When calculating the total length of the timber, the length of the walls is taken into account. The resulting number of timber boards is summed up.

Construction technology of wooden houses

It is possible to carry out the construction of a log house by the stage-by-stage assembly of a ready-made kit purchased at a manufacturing enterprise. These kits are accompanied by a step-by-step installation plan. Each beam is fixed in a specific place with the help of ties - galvanized metal studs.

It is important to know how to properly build a house from a bar and in what sequence to perform operations. The phased construction of a residential structure is as follows:

1. Foundation laying.
2. Rechecking geometric calculations.
3. Laying waterproofing.
4. Installation of the lower level - laying the first row.
5. Cross-shaped fastening of wood in a longitudinal intersection.
6. Assembling the remaining timber boards with laying insulation material between them.
7. Installation of ceilings between floors.
8. Installation of ceilings in the form of beams.
9. Installation of the truss system, taking into account the 2% shrinkage of the glued beam.
10. Laying roofing material.
11. Floor insulation.
12. Wall insulation.
13. Installation of partitions.
14. Carrying out engineering communications.
15. Wooden flooring on the terrace.
16. Window installation.
17. Door installation.

All about foundation types

The foundation for a private house can be one of the existing varieties:

• column design;
• tape type;
• slab manufacturing technology.

The columnar foundation for the construction of houses is considered the least difficult to install, it can be built quickly. The disadvantage of this design is the separate placement of the pillars. When erecting a pile foundation, in contrast to a column foundation, the piles are connected using a reinforced concrete slab. The tape type foundation is represented by several subspecies of structures, each of which has different functionality. The foundation, which has the same cross section, is intended for the construction of overall residential buildings. If the log house is small and light, one that can be built alone, you can use a shallow foundation - more budgetary in cost, but no less reliable. A reinforced concrete slab is laid as a slab foundation. It is possible to make this basis for building a house from a bar from a large amount of concrete and reinforcement.

Wall construction stage

In order to assemble the walls, you need to prepare all the building materials at the construction site. At the corners, lumber boards can be connected both with and without a ledge.

Connecting the first crown and fixing the board to the foundation. To connect the initial crown of a private house, the timber is cut along and across with a circular saw. Lay the first crown on the lining of the boards. To distribute the load on the foundation more evenly, floor beams should be placed on the wood linings. Lining boards and building timber are recommended to be treated with an antiseptic.

How to lay the second and subsequent crowns. Corner connection of timber boards is carried out with root spikes. If the beam is shorter than the length of the wall, it must be spliced. The second crown is laid on the first one, observing the angular joints and, if necessary, splicing the length of the boards.

How to connect timber boards and use a dowel. Before you start connecting the crowns on the blocks of a house under construction from a simple bar, you need to make markings for the installation of dowels. Square dowels are considered the most reliable type of connection that does not prevent shrinkage.

What are the ways to lengthen the beam. You can lengthen the beam in the following ways:

• docking;
• use of root spikes;
• in half a tree;
• dovetail technique.

How to caulk a timber house during shrinkage. While the shrinkage process is taking place, it is permissible to use the following materials for caulking a residential building:

• jute matter;
• tow;
• lnovatin.

How to lay the floor

Insulating material, which also serves as sound insulation, is placed between two layers of the floor structure. The draft floor is created using edged boards.

How to insulate walls and floors

Material for insulation of walls and floors can serve:

• sawdust;
• mineral wool;
• penofol;
• Styrofoam.

If a bar with a section of 150x150 mm is used during the construction of the house, additional floor insulation can be omitted.

Carrying out roofing work

The roof frame should consist of the following elements:

• a pediment made of timber board, which serves as the end part of the structure;
• rafters - the main part of the roof structure;
• Mauerlat beam support;
• brace;
• rack.

What is the interior decoration and how to build a staircase

The list of installation work on interior decoration includes the installation of floors and wall decoration. To build an interfloor wooden staircase from scratch, you will need to carry out the following installation work:

1. Mounting stringers.
2. Cutting openings to accommodate steps.
3. Installing the string.
4. Mounting risers.
5. Mounting steps.
6. Railing installation.

Despite the presence of shortcomings, many people prefer to build a residential building from a bar. However, even professional builders, before making a house, draw up a clear plan for its construction, and when implementing this plan, be sure to follow the step-by-step instructions for installation work. You can find it in specialized construction manuals.

If you thoughtfully approach the study of theory, you will learn how to build a durable house from a bar with your own hands.

The main advantages of this construction equipment are considered to be relatively low cost, the ability to independently carry out all stages of construction, as well as the fact that construction can be completed in a short time.