Universal gasification and the development of technology, it seemed, should have obsolete stoves as a means of heating a house. But the high cost of gas supply, equipment and installation, gave new life to stove heating.

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There is a lot of firewood in Russia, heating technologies have been significantly modernized. To save money, a reasonable solution is to build a brick oven with a water circuit for heating, with your own hands.

Principle of operation

In addition to the furnace, the heating element of the system with a water circuit is a heat exchanger, which is built into the furnace or chimney. The water passing through the register is heated, and then enters the pipes and radiators, giving off heat. Due to the temperature difference at the inlet and outlet of the heat exchanger, the liquid circulates in the circuit.

For optimal operation, a circular pump is built into the system, which allows you to more evenly distribute the heated liquid through the pipes.

The water circuit must be pressed out and air removed. When heated, the water increases in volume and so that the system does not explode, it is necessary to provide an expansion barrel. When using a closed circuit, the tank can be anywhere; in an open system, the expansion barrel is installed as high as possible.

To relieve pressure in the system, it must be provided with an automatic air vent to release excess gases from the coolant and a safety valve. Devices can be combined into a security complex by including a pressure gauge in it.

Thus, if you include a long-burning brick stove with a water circuit in the heating system of the house, you can significantly save on heating.

Important! The presence of a water circuit must be taken into account at the design stage of the heating system in the house.

Advantages and disadvantages

Designs with a built-in heat exchanger have many advantages:

• The system is energy efficient and economical. Brickwork will not require serious financial investments, the cost of pipes and radiators will be in any case, and the heat exchanger is an order of magnitude cheaper than finished boilers. During the operation of the stove, the cost of heating the house will amount to several thousand rubles for the purchase of firewood for the winter period.
• The design of a brick oven hides unsightly elements; if desired, a fireplace or decor can be added to the system.
• Space heating does not depend on the location of the structure, radiators are installed anywhere
• The brick oven cools down for a long time, the water circuit will be hot for several more hours after the firewood burns out.

Some publications refer to the advantages of the water circuit system as the possibility of installing it in an already finished furnace, which is possible in principle, but in practice this option is associated with a large number of problems to be solved.

Dismantling and subsequent assembly of the furnace is the most necessary thing to do. The price of correcting an incorrectly installed register is comparable to the cost of a new stove, so contact professionals for such work.

The disadvantage of this design is a continuation of its advantages, in order to make a stove with heat exchangers yourself, experience is needed, both in laying bricks and in installing heating systems. If experience comes with years and the amount of material studied, then when building a furnace with a water circuit, its disadvantages should be taken into account:

• The hearth is a fire hazardous element, it is necessary to take measures to prevent fire from entering flammable objects;
• The stove occupies a significant area of ​​​​the house, design the rooms in advance, include a large heating element in the design of the room;
• Near the stove, the temperature will always be higher than in the rest of the room;
• The heating process of the furnace cannot be stopped instantly. If you are using a closed circuit system with a circulating pump, a power outage (even a short one of a few minutes) and the pump stop will cause the water in the heat exchanger to boil. To avoid this, provide a combined water movement system in the circuit.
• With irregular use of the heating system, water must be drained from it, which leads to premature wear of the entire structure. Otherwise, the water will freeze, which will lead to the destruction of the entire complex of devices.
• Do not light the stove without water in the circuit. This will lead to the destruction of the register and the reconstruction of the furnace in order to use the furnace in the summer, without "turning on" the battery, use the original design of the installation of heat exchangers.
• There is a risk of carbon monoxide poisoning, as with all solid fuel heating products, special attention must be paid to the correct manufacture of the chimney.

Making a heating system in the house based on a furnace with a heat exchanger and batteries is a cost-effective solution, but design and construction must be approached competently, taking into account all the nuances of the work.

Stages of work

The creation of a heating structure with a water circuit consists of several stages:

1. System design, determination of the location of the furnace, pipes and radiators, calculation of the heat exchanger capacity.
2. Production (purchase) of the register.
3. Furnace masonry with simultaneous integration of a heat exchanger.
4. Installation of the water circuit, including pipes, radiators, security system.
5. System check.

Let's take a closer look at some stages of construction.

About heat exchanger

When building a brick oven with a water heating boiler with your own hands, you should take into account many factors and calculate the project as a whole. Each type of material and design has its own advantages and disadvantages.

There are several ways to mount a register with water in the oven:

Depending on the location, choose the material for the heat exchanger and its shape:

• Copper - effective, due to the high thermal conductivity of the metal, but due to the low melting point of copper, constant circulation of water in the system is necessary;
• Steel - heat-resistant steel with a wall thickness of 4-5 mm is used for boilers. For a long service life of steel structures, it is not recommended to drain water from them.
• Stainless steel is expensive, but the most suitable material for the boiler. The disadvantages include only the complexity of manufacturing.

When choosing the type of material and the installation location of the heat exchanger, it is worth remembering that by placing the water circuit in the hearth, in the summer the entire system will heat up, in order to avoid this, separate batteries will have to be removed to remove excess heat.

When installing a heat exchanger in the chimney, additional dampers are introduced into the design of the furnace, which do not heat the boiler during the summer operation of the furnace. In this case, it should be borne in mind that the heat exchanger must be of a larger volume than when it is built into the hearth. In addition, the boiler should not reduce the throughput of the smoke channels.

Calculation of power and dimensions

For normal heating of the room, it is necessary to correctly calculate the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe register and its power. For a brick oven, an approximate calculation is sufficient, it is impossible to make an exact one, due to many factors and variables.

It is known from practice that heating 10 m 2 of a room requires 1-1.5 kW of energy. From one square meter of the heat exchanger, you can get 5-10 kW. To determine the power of the register more accurately, it is necessary to take into account:

• Location of the coil in the furnace;
• Type of fuel - firewood, coal. When burned, firewood gives less heat energy.
• Approximate temperature in the hearth and the location of the heat exchanger;
• The average water temperature in the entire circuit;
• The heat transfer coefficient of the material from which the coil is made.

As the fuel burns, the heat exchanger power will decrease, therefore it is better to increase the calculated coil area by 10-15%.

Do-it-yourself construction of a heating and cooking furnace with a water circuit

You can make stove heating in a private house on your own, the main thing is to carefully read the recommendations and carefully and consistently carry out all types of work. First of all, you should choose the appropriate option, the stove can be with a hob, a fireplace, a stove bench and a dryer. It all depends on the size of the room and functionality.

Expendable materials

For the manufacture of the structure, excluding the chimney and foundation, you will need:

1. Solid red brick - 710 pcs.
2. Fireclay refractory brick - 71 pcs.
3. Furnace door 210x250 - 1 pc.
4. Blower door 140x250 - 1 pc.
5. Ash pan door 140x140 - 7 pcs.
6. Grate 250x300 - 2 pcs.
7. Cast iron hob 710x410 - 1 pc.
8. Steel heat exchanger 750x500x350 - 1 pc.
9. Stove valve 130x250 - 1 pc.
10. Gate valve for the cooking chamber 130x130 - 1 pc.
11. Steel strip 50x5x400 - 1 pc, 50x5x980 - 3 pcs.
12. Steel corner 50x50x980 wall 5 - 2 pcs.
13. Prefurnace sheet 500x1000.

Scheme and dimensions of the future furnace

Characteristics of the heating-cooking structure with a register:

• Furnace dimensions length/width/height 1020x1160x2380mm
• The size of the heat exchanger is 750x500x350 mm, the material is sheet steel, the wall is 5 mm inside the hearth, the outer wall is 3 mm.
• The power of the register is 5.5 kW when laying firewood 2 times a day, which is enough to heat 60 m 2, the power can be increased during active operation up to 18 kW when using forced circulation, the heated area reaches 200 m 2.

Photo of the furnace:

Description of the laying of the furnace with a water circuit

Work must begin with, then prepare the necessary materials, both for the construction of the furnace and for the water circuit system.

Important! The heat exchanger must be pressure tested prior to installation.

In accordance with the order of the heating furnace with a water circuit, laying and installation of appliances is carried out.

Scheme of laying a furnace with a water heating boiler:

1. The first row of bricks is laid out, it is important to prevent distortions, both in the horizontal plane and in the vertical one. The masonry should be rectangular, in the future this will affect the entire structure.
2. The second row begins to form the ash part, a blower door 140x250 is installed.
3. Third row according to the scheme (repeat).
4. The fourth row forms a hearth for which fireclay bricks are used; grooves are made in the bricks to install the grate. The grate is installed with a gap of 5 mm, then the boiler (water circuit) is installed.
5. The fifth row is placed with a gap of 5-6 mm from the boiler, free space remains behind the heat exchanger. Two ash pan doors are installed.
6. The firebox door and the sixth row of bricks are installed, the horizontal and rear channels are separated. For better traction on the fifth row, the channels must be combined.
7. Rows 7.8 are laid out according to the scheme, fireclay bricks are indicated in yellow.
8. —
9. On the ninth row, a gap must be left near the exhaust pipe. Two halves of fireclay bricks above the door are cut off. The horizontal channel is divided into two parts. On the same row, a ¾ fireclay brick cut obliquely is installed.
10. On the tenth row, the bricks lie perpendicularly, the space above the heat exchanger decreases.
11. On the eleventh row, the masonry from the ends of the furnace is carried out inwards, grooves are made for the hob. Installation of a cast-iron hob, the gaps should be 5 mm and a steel corner.
12. A cooking chamber is formed (12th row).
13. 13 row according to the scheme.
14. On the 14th row, an ash door is installed, the channel is enlarged to its full length.
15. 15 row similarly, taking into account the dressing of the seams.
16. on the 16th row, the cooking chamber is blocked with the help of a corner and a steel strip 50x5x980.
17. on the 17th row, the overlap of the cooking chamber is completed.
18. on the 18th row it is necessary to install two steel strips 50 * 5 * 980. Laying as in the diagram.
19. The 19th row covers the cooking dome, a hole for the hood remains in half a brick, grooves for the valve are made in neighboring bricks. A valve 130x130 is installed.
20. 20 row - the base of the upper gas ducts, four ash doors are placed at the same time.
21. 21st and 22nd rows continue the formation of partitions.
22. —

Users of the site are well aware that the comfort and safety of living in the house depends on the correct choice of heating equipment. Due to the steady rise in energy prices and the high cost of connecting gas, many developers are looking for an alternative to blue fuel. They exist, but stove heating is not going to give up its positions. In this article, we understand how efficient stove heating is in a private house in modern conditions.

From this article you will learn:

• What are the advantages and disadvantages of a stone oven;
• Where is the best place to install a stove in the house;
• Stove heating in the house: problems and features;
• What brick should the structure be made of;
• What are the requirements for the foundation for a stone oven;
• Can it become an alternative to a solid fuel boiler;
• What you need to know about fire safety standards for stove heating in a private house.

Stove heating in a private house: pros and cons

To understand whether stove heating is suitable for a modern cottage, you need to understand its main advantages and disadvantages.

Important benefits include:

• Full energy independence and autonomy of work;
• A brick stove has a high efficiency: it heats up hot, retains heat for a long time and gives off heat for a long time;
• It is easy to operate and has many options for exterior finishes;
• It simultaneously heats the house and allows you to cook tastier and healthier food, bake pies and warm up dinner;
• A favorable and especially cozy atmosphere is created in the house;
• The air in the room does not overheat and does not dry out;
• The stove in the house can become a multifunctional heat generating device, combining a heating, cooking and water heating device;
• High maintainability. If necessary, any of the bricks can be quickly replaced.

St. Petersburg baker:

- The heat generated by the heated brick warms the human body from the inside, which is good for health . And warm, and feed, and heal!

The opinion of the furnace master of the company "Art Master" Vadim Kornev :

- If there is no gas in the house, and heating with electricity or diesel fuel is very expensive, then heating with a stove is what you need!

Expert in pipe and furnace works of the company SPP Rubin Alexey Telegin, Moscow:

- With no central heating, in a non-gasified building and a very limited budget, using this method is the best option for a family living outside the city!

Despite the many advantages, stove heating in a private house also has a number of disadvantages:

• Prolonged warm-up before the start of heat transfer. From the moment of ignition to the time when the full heat transfer begins, several hours may pass.
• The inability to automate work and achieve uniform heating. As it burns out, firewood will have to be added manually;
• Increased requirements for the quality of materials (bricks) and the professionalism of performers;
• Loss of useful space in the room. The larger the oven, the more space it can heat, respectively, this leads to an increase in its dimensions;
• Big mass. Depending on the size and number of bricks used, it can weigh from 4.5 tons (about 1000 bricks) to 20 tons (5000 bricks). Therefore, under the device it is required to build a separate foundation or resort to strengthening the main one;
• Uneven room heating. The further you are from the stove, the colder it gets. That is why in village houses all life has traditionally centered around it;
• A heating device built in violation of the rules and regulations is a possible cause of a fire;
• Rapid heating can lead to cracks in the structure.

Vadim Kornev:

- The main disadvantage of this method of heating is the need for manual filling of fuel. But if you are not too lazy to work with a saw and an ax, then the possession of such beauty will bring real pleasure!

Any homeowner, as soon as he thinks about stove heating, a number of questions arise: is it profitable, how well it will be possible to heat the cottage, and are there any general criteria by which one can understand the degree of efficiency of such heating.

masterok:

– For the device to work
effectively, it is necessary to calculate its dimensions. The dimensions, and hence the power, are determined in accordance with the heat loss of the house.

The heat loss of a building largely depends on the location of the rooms. For a preliminary calculation, you can use the following formula:

On average 1 sq. m of the furnace can heat up to 30-35 sq.m of living space.

Vadim Kornev:

- A house of 200 sq.m. in winter can be heated with an ordinary heating and cooking "Dutch".

Russian, on the other hand, can heat a much larger house. If the house has a complex configuration, you can put two small stoves at different ends of the house, this is better than one, but massive, large in size. The main economic component is the price of firewood. They are different everywhere. Flexible, heat-resistant hoses can be used to supply hot air to the back of the house. But this is rarely done - it is unaesthetic.

It should be remembered that the heating stove is best installed in a special furnace, or in the kitchen, living room or dining room, but so that the flood is in the non-residential area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe house. It is better not to put it in the corners of the house, because. the circulation of warm air around the house worsens. The closer to the center, the better.

Maintaining a comfortable temperature in the house depends on many factors: the quality and energy consumption of the stove itself; thermal insulation and volume of the room; fuel quality. Old boards, oak firewood, etc. can be used as fuel. Naturally, heat transfer from different types of fuel varies significantly, which affects the degree of efficiency of stove heating in the house.

Furnace heating at home: about device features

When choosing stove heating, one of the most common mistakes is the idea that you first need to build a house, and only then start laying the heating device. The house and the stove should be perceived as two objects that are closely interconnected with each other, requiring an integrated approach and careful calculation.

"Dance from the stove!" - this is exactly the motto of the stove-makers. This means that before starting construction, it is necessary:

1. Understand what kind of oven you need;

3. Determine the place of its installation in the house.

5. Consider a chimney system.

Figuratively speaking, not a stove is built inside the house, but a house is built around the stove!

Alexey Telegin:

- It happens like this: the developer will first build a house, cover the roof, do the finishing, and then suddenly remember about heating and want to put in a stove. Here it turns out that she simply does not "fit" into the room. We have to solve this problem, redo or strengthen the foundation, break and rebuild the floors and the truss system.

"Implantation" of a heating device in an already built house leads to unjustified costs.

masterok:

- Only if you have a project or a sketch of the stove, you can link it to the plan of the house.

Therefore, the construction of the stove should be divided into a number of successive stages. Namely:

1. Design. At this stage:

• choose the type and design of the furnace;
• pre-determine a place for it;
• we calculate safe distances at the intersections and junctions of its surface with the floor, ceiling, ceilings, roofing, walls, partitions;
• we think over its appearance, finishing materials, surface texture.

2. Control. At this stage, you need to make sure that all work is carried out in accordance with the project.

This approach guarantees a high-quality result.

It is also necessary to pre-select the correct material for the manufacture of the furnace and chimney. It is better to use a solid brick of plastic molding, since dry-pressed brick does not withstand high temperatures.

Alexey Telegin:

- Masonry must be carried out from red solid ceramic bricks, normally fired, without cracks and impurities, grade not lower than M100.

It is forbidden to use burnt or unburned, hollow, silicate, porous and lightweight bricks for laying chimneys and stoves!

Vadim Kornev:

- For laying an array, it is best to use a good red brick, and make a firebox from fireclay bricks.

Technical features

Like any construction, the construction of the furnace begins with the construction of the foundation. You need to know a number of features that will help you avoid mistakes.

St. Petersburg baker:

– There are no light brick ovens. Even a low 630x630 mm in 1/4 brick with a lining will weigh about 700-800 kg.

Even such a relatively "light" device can not be placed on every floor.

Installation of stoves, fireplaces and chimneys weighing more than 750 kg must be carried out on a separate foundation.

According to Alexey Telegin, The foundation must provide:

1. Uniform distribution of the load on the ground in accordance with the bearing capacity of the soil;

2. Stability and protection of building and furnace structures from external influences during house movements, shrinkage and heaving of soils.

Any foundation (its depth, dimensions and reinforcement) is calculated based on the load acting on it, as well as the bearing capacity of the soil.

The load on the foundation of the furnace (with its large mass) is very different from the load acting on the main foundation. If the foundation is made in one piece, it turns out that at the place where the furnace is erected, the loads are summed up, which can lead to undesirable consequences.

For buildings subject to shrinkage and movement, it is necessary to arrange a separate foundation for the furnace, not connected with the foundation of the house.

masterok:

- The foundations are made independent, and in the case of two foundations adjoining each other, a soft insert is installed between them.

The simplest soft insert between two foundations can be made of a 5 cm thick foam board.

This will protect the foundation from any lateral loads and the destructive properties of frost heaving of the soil. No wonder they say that a separate foundation for a stove is folk wisdom.

If a single foundation is being laid, then the uneven load should be taken into account in the calculation. And in order to compensate for it, additional reinforcement is laid in the “body” of the foundation, in the place where the installation of the furnace is planned.

Heating water circuit

To get rid of one of the main disadvantages of a conventional stove - uneven heating of the premises, it is necessary:

1. Install a heat exchanger (register) filled with water into the furnace;

2. Connect a circulation pump to the system, which will drive heated water through the heating system - radiators or underfloor heating.

Such a system works on the principle of a solid fuel boiler and a closed heating system.

In this case, the stone stove is multifunctional: it simultaneously performs the function of water and stove heating, which ensures even distribution of heat throughout the rooms.

Vadim Kornev:

- It is better to place a stove with a water circuit against one of the walls of the house in order to facilitate battery wiring. The presence of a circulation pump, as well as an expansion tank, are required. Such devices are safe enough if the heating element is professionally welded and there is always water in the circuit.

An interesting practical experience of building a house on the basis of a stone oven with a water circuit by a specialist from our portal Vasily Katriychuk :

- I built a tank of water into my oven. The total capacity of the system, together with pipes to the riser, turned out to be 65 liters. When it is heated, the water in the tank is simultaneously heated, after which, with the help of a circulation pump, the coolant is driven into the warm floors and radiators of the heating system.

With such a heating system, all safety measures must be provided. In the event of a power outage, the circulation pump will stop working, and the stove will still continue to heat the water (it cannot be extinguished immediately). As a result, the water may boil, and the pipes will burst. To prevent this from happening, a security group is mounted on the system. And in case of boiling of the coolant, excess water is discharged.

The operating pressure in the heating system is from 0.6 to 2 atmospheres. The safety group will work at a pressure of 3 atmospheres.

Vasily Katriychuk:

- In the event of a power outage, a backup power supply system can be provided - an individual inverter or a gas generator.

In addition to providing the house with heat, a water circuit stove prepares hot water for the DHW system. And in order not to heat the stove in the summer, an electric boiler can be additionally installed for the DHW system.

We will analyze whether the house becomes dirty from a working stove and how much one bookmark of firewood is enough.

Vasily Katriychuk:

- I lay firewood twice - in the afternoon and in the evening. Thanks to the large firebox, even logs can be put into my wood-burning stove. Thus, the burning time on one tab is extended. And since the thermal furnace is built according to all the rules, it is very economical, does not smoke, and the ashes must be removed once every three days.

The register can be installed in the furnace in two ways:

1. Install the heat exchanger in the already folded furnace. This is expensive and will have to partially disassemble the device. Also, the volume of coolant in the register will limit the size of the furnace;

2. Design and fold the furnace under a carefully calculated heat exchanger. This method will allow you to achieve the perfect combination of oven and register, which will ensure their efficient operation.

Vasily Katriychuk:

- In my case, the water tank is installed in the furnace through removable doors.

To pull out the tank at any time (for repair or maintenance), a gap of 3-4 mm is left between the walls of the heat exchanger and the walls of the furnace.

The gap is also necessary to compensate for the thermal expansion of the steel heat exchanger.

Basic knowledge of fire safety regulations

Chimneys and heating stoves can pose a threat to combustible building structures. Fire-fighting retreats and cuttings will help to avoid this.

A retreat is a fireproof structure that protects the combustible surfaces of building parts from the heated parts of the furnace and chimney, if they are placed in parallel.

It is a set of safety distances and measures to protect combustible parts of the building.

Cutting is a fireproof structure that forms a non-combustible space, performed when crossing combustible parts of the building - when driving a chimney through an interfloor ceiling or a wall stove, etc.

According to Alexey Telegin, The following methods contribute to the protection of structures from fire:

1. The use of fireproof materials in the chimney system;

2. Increasing the distances from the heated surfaces of the furnace to the combustible parts of the house in accordance with the regulations;

3. Thermal insulation of furnace surfaces and closely spaced parts of walls, ceilings, etc.;

4. Shielding. Radiant energy comes from any heated bodies. The bright spectrum of infrared radiation of high intensity can ignite combustible structures at a distance of up to several meters. Fireproof partitions and screens are necessary to prevent the spread of this radiation. The screen protects against fire only in conjunction with other protection methods such as: ventilated gaps, spacing and heat dissipation;

5. Heat dissipation. Thermal insulation prevents the spread of heat, but it is also able to store energy, which often leads to ignition of combustible structures after the completion of the combustion process. A vertical steel plate located in the groove “pulls out” part of the heat to the surface, thereby lowering the temperature inside;

6. Ventilated gaps. Thanks to them, the temperature decreases (heat is removed) from the heated surfaces;

7. Air tightness (tightness). The purpose of this method is to prevent the access of oxygen to the place of possible ignition.

Read our article that details fire regulations and distances using an installation example. .

Alexey Telegin:

– Ideal protection is a design made of non-combustible materials, in which all combustible parts are removed to safe distances. It must be multi-layered, moderately strong so as not to collapse, but at the same time resist fire, heat and thermal radiation even when the walls of the furnace or chimney are destroyed.

Summing up, we can say that stone stoves, with a competent approach to design, masonry and installation, can become a full-fledged heating system for a modern cottage. And the heat from the stove can not be compared with any other!

Learn how to build your own. Get familiar with the basic principles. In the forum topic, you can ask professional questions. We will help you build the most correct brick!

Now there are many modern alternatives to stove heating. Despite this, many homeowners consider having a good old stove. Let's see what advantages this option of heating a private house has and, of course, we will study all the disadvantages, which are also many.

We wrote in detail about how you can heat a house without gas, considered various options. In light of such a large selection, it would seem that stoves should be a thing of the past. But this is not at all the case, and the services of stove-makers are still in demand. What is it connected with? Perhaps with the advantages that stove heating provides? Let's consider them in detail.

Advantages of furnace heating:

Traditions, childhood memories, special atmosphere. Many of us in childhood visited our grandparents, whose main place in the house was occupied by a stove. Do you remember how interesting it was to melt it with your own hands, what a pleasure it was to watch the flames pounce on the next log? There is something so special in a live fire, in the opportunity to kindle a stove, to do such a pleasant and useful thing. A real stove still evokes nostalgia, it is an opportunity to return to the roots and make your home truly cozy.

Autonomy. Owners of private houses are still dependent on external energy supplies. A gas pipeline failure can be a disaster in winter, as can a power outage due to a blizzard. But stove heating depends solely on your foresight - stocked up with firewood, bought coal - that's it, your house will be warm, despite any force majeure circumstances.

Stove heating allows you to create a very comfortable microclimate for all the inhabitants of the house. Convectors dry the air, like radiators, but the radiant heat from the stove allows you to create comfortable living conditions. The heat from the oven perfectly fights dampness, helps prevent mold, in such a house there will be no place for a musty smell.

Firewood in some regions turns out to be a much more economical option than paying for gas or electricity. If the forest is nearby, you can save a lot by preparing firewood for heating the house yourself.

The stove is able to keep heat and serve as an additional source of ventilation. All this allows you to smooth out temperature fluctuations in the house and once again not open the window for ventilation.

Food cooked in a real oven on a live fire will be especially tasty. Some housewives specifically learn to cook in the oven to please their family with homemade dishes with a unique taste.

Stove heating also has disadvantages, and quite serious ones:

• Relax with the stove will not work. The kindling ritual is invariably carried out every day in the cold season, it has to be cleaned, firewood brought in, and the condition of the chimney monitored. There is a lot of trouble, all work is carried out manually, no automation has yet been invented in this area. Therefore, if you want a real oven, be prepared for additional, time-consuming and daily activities. In addition, if you leave for a while in winter, returning to a cold house will be uncomfortable.
• Live fire is always a fire hazard. An improperly made chimney, errors in the operation of the stove - all these are fire risks. You have to be especially careful.
• The very construction of the furnace is already an expense. You need a separate foundation if you have a massive structure in the form of a Russian stove or a Kuznetsov stove. And the services of a stove-maker cost a lot, and not everyone is able to build a stove on their own.
• The installation of the furnace requires careful calculations. In the bedroom, for example, experts do not recommend installing a stove - it is too dangerous. In addition, you should calculate the location so that the stove heats the maximum number of rooms. In old one-story houses with 4 rooms, the stove was placed just in the middle so that all rooms would warm up at once.
• Prepare firewood and coal for the stove in advance, they need the right storage place. More hassle again.

We state: today it is not necessary and impractical to use the furnace as the only source of heat. In the absence of gas, you can always install a liquid or solid fuel boiler, provide heating for the house from an electric boiler. However, the stove will become an additional source of heat, provide a special atmosphere at home, and be a source of pride for the owners.

An excellent option for organizing an autonomous heating system in a private house or bath is a stationary stove with a water heating boiler.

Such a device is distinguished by practicality and efficiency, high heat transfer and efficiency, which allows you to effectively heat rooms of various sizes in a short period of time.

Such a system is quite simple to organize with your own hands, without involving expensive specialists.

Design features of the furnace with a contour

A stove with a heating circuit provides uniform and fast heating of the room thanks to the coolant (water or other liquid) that is inside the system. The thermal energy released during the combustion is used to heat the room and heat the water in the system.

Heating equipment of this type is equipped with a metal heating circuit. It is a tank with fittings and pipes connected to them.

Modern stoves with a heating circuit are made of metal or refractory bricks, with different placement of the heater, as well as with a water tank.

Structurally, the furnace boiler is represented by two types:

• Boiler in the chimney. Such a device is characterized by high performance, long service life and ease of use. The only drawback of the design is the inability to heat large rooms.
• Boiler in the furnace. It is designed for heating large areas, is affordable and durable. The disadvantages include close contact with open fire, which leads to severe overheating and destruction of metal structural elements. In addition, the high temperature of the heating circuit leads to the rapid formation of soot and a decrease in the efficiency of the device.

Varieties of heat exchangers for the furnace

When creating an autonomous heating system, two types of heat exchangers are used: flat and tubular.

Flat type heat exchanger

Furnace boilers with a flat configuration heat exchanger are a practical option for country houses, private cottages and baths. They are easy to manufacture, install and maintain.

Such devices are mounted vertically and horizontally, have a high efficiency. The flat design of the boiler is characterized by a large chamber volume, which ensures rapid heating of the water needed for heating and water procedures.

A significant drawback of the equipment is a decrease in heat output from the wall structures of the furnace. The heat exchanger is presented in a U-shape, mounted around the entire perimeter of the furnace. This leads to a decrease in the heating temperature of the outer walls of the furnace and an increase in the time for heating the room. This is problematic only in cases where the heating stove is installed inside residential premises, where the combustion process is carried out constantly.

There are several ways to increase the heating rate of a flat boiler: extend the heater and place it above the firebox or use a metal chimney, having previously increased its length.

Tubular type heat exchanger

The tubular boiler in the stove differs in the type and size of the structure, the method of installation. If repair or replacement is required, the heat exchanger can be easily dismantled from the furnace.

To make a tubular register for a brick oven, seamless water pipes are used, so it is considered the most reliable, safe and durable.

When choosing or manufacturing a heat exchanger, it must be remembered that its design and dimensions must fully correspond to the shape of the firebox, which will allow heating the maximum amount of water. A well-made register provides a large area of ​​heat exchange.

The main operational characteristics of furnaces

An equipped stove with a do-it-yourself water heating boiler is designed to perform two important functions: space heating and water heating. In addition, it can be equipped with a hob and oven, which will allow you to use it for cooking.

Heating equipment has several advantages:

• A traditional stove releases up to 7 thousand kcal of thermal energy in 1 hour of operation, which is enough to heat a country house. The heating boiler has a higher efficiency, which allows you to heat a large residential building and a bathhouse. At the same time, low fuel consumption leads to significant savings.
• The combined heating system, consisting of a furnace and a boiler, ensures maximum performance at minimum costs.
• The main fuel is charcoal, firewood or pellets. Such materials are affordable, easy to transport and store.
• Furnaces equipped with a water circuit do not require continuous firing. One bookmark of fuel material per day is enough to ensure quick heating of the premises and hot water supply.
• The efficiency of combined devices in comparison with traditional furnaces reaches 85%.
• Any homeowner can organize an autonomous heating system, combined, with a water circuit, by preparing the necessary tools and materials.

Safety rules for the operation of furnaces with a water circuit

To ensure proper operation of the furnace with a boiler, it is recommended to follow important safety rules, as well as recommendations for the care of the equipment:

• Water heating devices must be operated under human supervision. This applies to the laying of fuel and regular cleaning of the chamber from soot and ash.
• The safe operation of the furnace provides for control over the flue ducts. Before starting the furnace, it is necessary to check the technical condition of the channels and the position of the valves. At the moment of making fire, the valves must be fully open.
• Such a system is recommended for use in winter, when it is required to provide rapid heating of rooms and hot water supply. Using a stove with a water circuit in summer only for cooking and heating water is irrational. In this case, it is recommended to choose more economical heat sources.
• Open fire leads to excessive heating of the furnace structure, which can be the main cause of heat exchanger failure.
• When using a home-made heating system, you can install a pumping unit for injecting liquid and devices to control the pressure level.

Construction of a brick oven with a heating boiler

Construction work begins after the preparation of a standard project and the manufacture of a heat exchanger, according to the dimensions of which the brickwork of the furnace is made.

The furnace with a water circuit can be placed in a place convenient for operation and maintenance.

After the construction of the foundation, the ordering of the furnace is being prepared, taking into account the water circuit - a plan for the location of the blower and fuel chamber, chimney and hob (if present).

For the construction of a furnace with a boiler, heat-resistant bricks are used without chips, cracks and damage.

The construction of the furnace is carried out in stages:

1. Preparation of a furnace solution from clay, sand and water. You can purchase a ready-made mixture, but experienced craftsmen mix the mortar for brickwork with their own hands.
2. A layer of waterproofing made of roofing felt or film is laid on the foundation.
3. A furnace mortar is evenly applied to the waterproofing and the initial brick row is laid. Further, according to the scheme, subsequent rows are performed, and a heat exchanger is mounted in the furnace.
4. An ashpit and a furnace compartment are being equipped. The correctness of the masonry is checked by the building level.
5. The door to the furnace compartment is fixed, the furnace vault and the chimney are laid out. Rounded bricks are used for lining the internal walls of the furnace and chimney.
6. After the masonry is completed, the water circuit is installed. Water pipes connected to the heating radiator are connected to the heat exchanger. An expansion tank is mounted, and the finished system is filled with water or other liquid.

The final stage is the decorative finishing of the stove with plaster or tiles, as well as a test firebox to identify and eliminate design flaws.

An economical stove with a heating circuit can be built with your own hands. This design is safe, practical and durable, with high efficiency, moreover, it is independent of centralized energy sources.

Despite the fact that consumers increasingly prefer to use natural gas to heat their homes, wood stoves still do not lose their relevance. True, in itself, a brick or metal stove gives a lot of trouble when kindling and is not very effective. In our material, we will talk about how to make water heating from the stove so that the house is heated more efficiently and energy efficiently.

Pros and cons of traditional stove heating

Heating a house from a wood-burning brick stove is traditional for Russia, although recently it has been practically replaced by water systems. This transition is largely due to the disadvantages of heating from the stove.

However, here are a few positive aspects of the operation of furnaces:

• The heating of the room from the stove is carried out by transferring thermal energy through waves, which has a beneficial effect on the human body - scientists say so.
• A traditional, ethnic-style stove gives the room a certain flavor, and sometimes allows you to watch an open flame.
• To increase the efficiency of a brick oven, you can use smoke channels through which heat will be transferred throughout the house.
• The oven does not require electricity to operate.
• Some designs of solid fuel stoves allow you to heat the room on the second floor of the house due to the built-in smoke channels.

Despite all these advantages, authentic stove heating is almost never found now, although it can be very pleasant to sit near a warm stove and warm yourself from the cold.

Arguments against the use of stove heating can be formulated as follows:

• Heating from such a unit occurs unevenly - it is very hot near the furnace itself, and cool in the corners.
• A Russian stove with smoke channels and other elements takes up a lot of space.
• From such a heater, only those rooms are heated into which its walls go.
• The air temperature in different rooms cannot be adjusted as desired.
• Low efficiency. As a rule, the maximum efficiency of the furnace is no more than 60%, and for gas boilers, for example, it can exceed 90%.
• A wood-burning stove must be constantly maintained - to clean the ashes, melt, adjust the draft with dampers and periodically throw up fuel. Not everyone loves it.

Some of these shortcomings can be compensated by equipping stove heating with a water circuit by integrating a heat exchanger into it.

Furnace heating with a water circuit

To organize furnace heating with a water circuit with your own hands, it is necessary to build a heat exchanger into the furnace furnace, which will be connected to the batteries. As it passes through the heat exchanger in the furnace, the water will heat up and carry heat from the furnace to all radiators. Thanks to such a system, more comfortable conditions are created in the house in winter. This effect is achieved due to the fact that the stove is located in one room, and all other rooms are heated by hot water circulating through the radiators.

Of course, the equipment of a furnace with a heating radiator cannot solve all the problems, however, to some extent it can improve its operation. In particular, it is possible to achieve more uniform heating of the rooms in the house and to a certain extent regulate the air temperature in them. As for metal wood and coal stoves, they operate on the same principle.

Varieties of systems

There are two options for how to make heating in the house from the stove. In the first case, it will be a system with a natural type of coolant circulation, and in the second - with forced circulation.

Steam heating from a natural circulation stove does not require an electrical connection, since water circulates through the heating circuit due to the laws of physics. However, in this case, the heating pipeline must be of large diameter, which leads to an increase in the volume and inertia of the system. Such an oven will warm up for quite a long time when kindling. At the same time, when the firewood is completely burned out, the coolant in the circuit will remain warm longer.

Among the disadvantages of natural circulation in steam heating from a stove in a private house, it is also worth mentioning the fact that the supply pipes must be placed either under the ceiling or at the level of the batteries. If the house is two-story, a pipe comes out from the stove, through which the coolant diverges through the radiators of the second floor, and only then it descends to the first floor and heats the rooms on it.

Do-it-yourself stove heating with a natural type of circulation does not have a high efficiency, since the water in the circuit moves slowly and does not supply enough heat to the premises.

In the second case, a brick oven with water heating is equipped with a circulation pump, which ensures the constant movement of the coolant inside the circuit at a certain speed. By changing the speed parameters, you can adjust the degree of heating of the premises. Thus, this type of system is more efficient. However, it requires electricity to operate. If there is a power failure, the pump will turn off, and the coolant inside the operating furnace will boil. To avoid such troubles, in the event of sudden power outages, the circulation pump should be connected to an uninterruptible power supply with a battery. With regular power outages, you will also need a power generator, and this is quite expensive.

A compromise between the two types of systems described is mixed or combined stove water heating. In this case, the heating circuit is connected to the wood-burning steam heating stove in such a way as to ensure natural circulation. But at the same time, a circulation pump is also arranged in the system, which works if there is electricity. When the power is turned off, the coolant continues to move independently.

Heat storage system

Many owners of private houses are wondering how to make heating from the stove so that the house is constantly warm. The fact is that due to the cyclic type of operation of the furnace, the temperature inside the house is constantly changing. While the firewood is burning, the rooms are warm, and when the stove is no longer heated, it becomes cold, especially at night.

The solution in this case may be to install a heat accumulator, but it will require a powerful stove. Such a battery is a large volume filled with water, which is installed between the stove and the heating system. Thus, a do-it-yourself steam-heated stove is equipped with two independent heating circuits.

The first of them is with a natural type of circulation. It provides heat transfer from the furnace to the coolant. On the second, hot water enters the radiators. As a rule, a circulation pump is installed on it.

The advantages of this type of heating are that as the fuel burns in the furnace, the water in the tank is heated. It can heat up to 60-80℃ and keep radiators warm for 10-12 hours. Thus, a completely comfortable room temperature is ensured without cold or excessive heat.

Installing an accumulator or buffer tank significantly reduces the risk of boiling water in the circuit. Thanks to the circulation pump, the water will not boil in the second circuit anyway, but in the first circuit it is important to correctly calculate the volume of the buffer tank. This is necessary to create the optimal speed of movement of the coolant in a system with a natural type of circulation so that it does not have time to boil.

Heating registers

Before carrying out stove heating, it is worth deciding on the type of heating water circuit, also called a register, heat exchanger, coil or water jacket. Most often, it is a rectangular flat container or several tubes connected together.

But before connecting the heating to the stove, two pipes must be welded to the register. The first serves to take the hot coolant from the furnace, and the second feeds the cooled water back to the heat exchanger.

You can determine the size of the heat exchanger by the level of heat loss in a particular house. So, if you need 10 kW of thermal energy, the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe heat exchanger should be 1 m 2. It should be borne in mind that the oven does not work all day, but about 1.5-3 hours, depending on the temperature outside. This time should be enough to warm up the water in the heat accumulator. Therefore, to calculate the area of ​​the register, the daily consumption of thermal energy in the house is determined.

So, with a house heat loss of 12 kW / h, daily consumption will be 288 kW of energy. Let's say the oven is running 3 hours a day. It turns out that every hour 288÷3=96 kW of energy should be allocated. Then the area of ​​the heating register will be 96÷10=9.6 m 2 . The shape of the heat exchanger in this case is not important, the main thing is that the surface area is not less than the data obtained.

Please note that with the declared size of the heat exchanger, the heating capacity of the furnace must be greater in order to release the required amount of heat. In addition, the size of the heat accumulator tank should also have a margin of 10-15% to prevent water from boiling.

When using antifreeze as a coolant, you can further increase the volume of the heat accumulator, since water and antifreeze have different heat capacities.

If the buffer tank is additionally insulated, then the heat in it will be stored further, and the efficiency of furnace heating will increase.

Installation of the heating register in the finished furnace

Of course, it is much better if the heat exchanger is installed before the construction of the furnace begins. However, how to make heating from a stove - water heating in particular, if it is already folded - is a far from easy question. In this case, it will be necessary to somehow place a sufficiently large heat exchanger and ensure its reliable fixation. In addition, it will be necessary to connect the supply and return pipelines to it.

Another difficulty lies in the fact that the register must be placed in such a way as to exclude its direct contact with fire, but to ensure heating of the coolant from hot gases. It will be quite difficult to carry out such a task, although it is possible in principle.