Used in the construction of various buildings. To ensure the durability of the structure and prevent deformations, lintels are installed in aerated concrete walls. For this on wall blocks in the area of ​​​​the opening, a transverse reinforced concrete structure, a U-shaped lintel or other types of support beams are laid, perceiving big weight. Some developers install metal lintels, others install concrete ones. In this case, the installation is carried out by various methods. Consider the types of jumpers and the specifics of their installation.

Aerated concrete is used in the construction of various buildings

Arrangement of lintels in aerated concrete walls - the length of the lintel support and the size of the openings

To improve the strength characteristics of aerated concrete walls of private houses, cottages and country houses, the box is reinforced. To do this, in the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe openings intended for the installation of doors and windows, transverse beams made of aerated concrete or reinforced concrete are mounted, and rods of corrugated reinforcement are also installed. Reinforcement of the jumper allows you to redistribute the load, increasing its strength. The technology also allows the use of steel tape and the use of a corner.

For each option, the size of the opening and the amount of support are regulated:

• reinforced with reinforcement bearing beam made of gas-filled concrete allows you to block openings with a size of 1.74 m with a bearing value of 0.25 m on each side. The design does not require additional thermal insulation;
• a reinforced concrete beam formed by concreting a cavity of U-shaped elements is capable of blocking an opening increased to 3 m with a support surface length of 0.25 m. It is not necessary to insulate such a jumper;

Reinforcing the box to improve the strength characteristics of aerated concrete walls

• a solid beam made of monolithic reinforced concrete, laid over the entire thickness of the walls, ensures the stability of the masonry with an opening size of up to 2 m and a support length of 0.35 m. The supporting beam of reinforced concrete needs additional insulation;
• the base for the lintel, formed by welding from steel angles and reinforcement, is used with an opening length of 1.2 m, subject to contact with the masonry by 0.2 m on both sides. It is advisable to make a groove and deepen the corner shelf or fittings into the gas block.

When deciding on the arrangement of beams to reinforce aerated concrete openings, one should take into account the distance between the supporting gas blocks and provide the necessary contact surface area.

Features of the use of jumpers and the specifics of their installation for aerated concrete buildings

Aerated concrete is being laid cement-sand mortars or special glue. It perceives significant loads both during the construction of the building and during operation. Reinforcing mesh laid between rows aerated concrete masonry, it is not possible to compensate for all existing loads. For uniform distribution of forces, the opening is additionally reinforced with reinforcing bars laid in grooves. To do this, cavities are made with a wall chaser, the height of which corresponds to the size of the profile. The reinforcing bar in the groove is fixed with a cement mixture.

Features of the use of jumpers

Cross beams provide:

• increasing the bearing capacity of aerated concrete openings;
• formation of a supporting surface for laying blocks;
• compensation of various load reactions;
• closure of the power circuit in the zone of openings.

Choosing the design and material of the lintels in order to strengthen the aerated concrete in the window and doorways, should be considered design features beams and distance between support blocks.

The following types of beams are used:

• aerated concrete. They do not exert an increased load on the walls and are easily mounted on their own;
• U-shaped. They are prefabricated elements made of aerated concrete, the installation of which does not require the use of lifting equipment;
• reinforced concrete. Differ in increased weight and require the use of lifting equipment to perform installation work;
• combined. They are made of an angular metal profile or reinforcement, on the surface of which aerated concrete blocks are placed.

There are several types of jumpers

To answer the question of which lintels are best for aerated concrete walls, we will consider in detail the design features of each type of beams and dwell on the features of their installation.

Ready-made aerated concrete lintels - dimensions, design and product advantages

Among developers, aerated concrete lintels manufactured by specialized enterprises in accordance with the requirements of the current standard are very popular. In cross section, such a beam has rectangular shape. The beam structure is reinforced with a reinforcing cage with an anti-corrosion coating. Arrows are marked on the surface of the lintel, indicating how to properly position the beam during installation.

At standard height beams, equal to 12.4 cm, the products differ in the following dimensions:

• a length of 1.3-3 m;
• width ranging from 11.5 cm to 17.5 cm.

The simplest and most common design is aerated concrete beam

Aerated concrete beam is the simplest and most common design with a set of advantages. Main advantages:

• increased strength characteristics provided by a reinforced reinforcing cage. The jumper does not crack under the influence of loads;
• reduced jumper weight. Due to the use of porous concrete in the manufacture of the beam, the mass of the element is reduced and the load on the aerated concrete box and the foundation is reduced;
• compliance of the structure of the aerated concrete beam with the characteristics of the blocks used. There is no need for additional thermal insulation of the structure due to identical thermal efficiency indicators.

No special training is required to perform installation operations. The only disadvantage of aerated concrete jumpers is the increased cost of the product.

Technique for installing reinforced aerated concrete lintels

Installation of aerated concrete beams is carried out after it is completed in the area of ​​the window or door opening. Before starting the installation operations, it is necessary to select beams with dimensions corresponding to the distance between the support blocks in the reception area. It is also important to use a jumper of the required width, which provides the maximum contact area with the surface of the gas blocks.

After the final curing of the adhesive composition, it is allowed to lay aerated concrete blocks on the lintel

When performing measures for the installation of aerated concrete beams, perform work according to the following algorithm:

1. Lay a binder on the supporting surface of the blocks.
2. Raise the jumper to the installation location.
3. Install the beam on the opening, focusing on the direction of the arrow.
4. Mount, if necessary, a second jumper.

After completing the installation operations, it is necessary to ensure that the upper plane of the beams is at the same level using a rubber mallet. To remove sagging and local irregularities, use a planer for aerated concrete. The laying of aerated concrete blocks on the lintel is allowed after the final curing of the adhesive.

Prefabricated lintels of U-shaped profile for window openings for aerated concrete

For the construction of window lintels, aerated concrete elements of a U-shaped profile are also used, from which a stationary formwork is formed. The shape of the product resembles a tray. A power frame is placed in the cavity and then concrete is poured. After the concrete hardens, the structure acquires increased strength properties and ensures uniform distribution of forces on the supporting walls, and also increases the rigidity of the aerated concrete structure.

U-shaped aerated concrete elements are also used for the construction of window lintels

Prefabricated aerated concrete lintels correspond in size to the thickness of aerated concrete walls and are in demand in the field of housing construction due to the following advantages:

• light weight;
• exact dimensions;
• ease of machining;
• environmental cleanliness;
• thermal insulation properties;
• ease of installation.

Tray elements of different sizes have a total length of 0.5 m. Other product dimensions:

• width - 0.2-0.4 m;
• height - 0.2-0.25 m.

Tray lintels are available with different wall thicknesses of 70 and 145 mm. From the specified range of products, it is easy to choose a tray of the required dimensions.

How to lay U-shaped jumpers over the opening

Window lintels for aerated concrete, having a U-shaped profile, are mounted as follows:

Window lintels for aerated concrete

1. A support platform made of wood or metal is constructed in the upper plane of the aerated concrete opening.
2. Tray elements are laid out on the surface, providing support on the walls of 0.25 m on each side.
3. Lubricate the end planes of the jumpers adhesive composition and ensure the immobility of the structure until solidification.
4. A load-bearing frame of corrugated bars with a cross section of 1.2-1.6 cm, connected by jumpers, is placed in the cavity.
5. fill inner space trays with concrete mortar, evenly distribute and compact it.

Work on the dismantling of wooden or metal formwork is started in 3-4 weeks. The technology also allows the assembly of lintels from tray elements on a horizontal platform with the subsequent installation of concreted beams on aerated concrete openings.

The use of reinforced concrete lintels - the pros and cons of a monolithic beam

Reinforced concrete lintels manufactured at specialized enterprises are a prefabricated structure made of heavy concrete reinforced with a reinforcing cage. The beam also has slinging eyes designed for transportation and installation on the opening of massive products.

Reinforced concrete beam

A reinforced concrete beam has the following advantages:

• increased strength characteristics;
• resistance to negative temperatures;
• the possibility of mounting on enlarged openings.

The design has the following disadvantages:

• increased mass. To perform installation operations, it is necessary to use lifting equipment;
• increased thermal conductivity. A reinforced concrete beam needs reliable thermal insulation protection.

Individual developers also use self-made products, poured into wooden or plywood formwork.

Technology of reinforcement of openings with a bearing reinforced concrete lintel

Lay jumpers in aerated concrete walls using lifting equipment.

With the help of lifting equipment, jumpers are laid in aerated concrete walls

The technology for mounting reinforced concrete beams is similar to the method for installing aerated concrete jumpers:

1. Cement mortar is laid on aerated concrete blocks.
2. The beam is lifted by a lifting device to the level of the opening.
3. The reinforced concrete lintel is lowered onto the opening with an overlap of blocks of 35 cm.

After completing the installation, adjust the position of the beam and check its horizontal position.

Jumper from a corner for aerated concrete

Home craftsmen also build lintels from a corner in an aerated concrete wall or use corrugated reinforcement as a lintel. Professional builders do not approve of such a design, however, it is often used in private housing construction for openings no larger than 120 cm. To ensure the strength of the structure, a corner 0.6 cm thick and a shelf size of 7.5 cm should be used. opening

This design is different:

• cheapness;
• simplicity;
• ease of installation.

Jumper from a corner for aerated concrete

The disadvantages of a jumper based on corners or fittings:

• possibility of corrosion load-bearing structure;
• the need to form grooves for the location of reinforcement or corners.

Due to the accelerated pace of arrangement and simplicity of design, this option also widely used.

How to install a reinforcing bar and laying a corner under a jumper

Having decided to use corrugated reinforcement or an aerated concrete corner as a jumper, observe the size of the supporting surface and perform installation measures according to the following algorithm:

1. Thoroughly clean the surface of the corner profile or reinforcement from existing rust.
2. Coat the surface of metal elements with a primer to reliable protection from corrosion.
3. Make grooves in the extreme blocks of the opening, allowing you to place a corner shelf or reinforcement in them.
4. Block the opening with a metal profile and cover cement mortar grooves in which a corner or rod is laid.
5. Provide structural rigidity using annealed wire, metal tape, or electric welding.

After completing the installation of the supporting metal structure, lay the aerated concrete blocks.

Are used various methods installation of support elements:

• with the location of two corners with shelves towards each other from the outer and inner parts of the opening;
• with the placement of two corners welded together in the center of the opening with shelves in opposite directions;
• with the laying of one reinforcing bar along the axis of the opening and two bars on the extreme sides.

Choice best way installation is determined individually.

Conclusion

Having mastered the technology of mounting jumpers, it is easy to independently install beams in the openings of an aerated concrete building. It is necessary to determine the type of jumper used and observe required size supporting surface. Properly performed installation will ensure the strength of the aerated concrete masonry and prevent the formation of cracks.

Many inexperienced builders use reinforced concrete lintels when constructing wall openings. However, modern manufacturers offer more practical option. The use of jumpers for aerated concrete blocks allows such work to be carried out much faster, and also not to spoil appearance opening. In addition, the use of such material increases the thermal insulation of the box. All the subtleties of the use of aerated concrete should be considered in more detail.

What is used for

The aerated concrete masonry above the opening is subjected to serious pressure. High loads affect it not only during the construction of the house, but also during its operation. To evenly distribute the load on the opening, it is necessary to install reinforcing bars using a wall chaser. After placing the reinforcement in the groove, it is sealed with a solution.

How to choose the type of lintel for a door or window opening? To accept the right decision, indicators such as the availability of material and the length of the overlapped span should be taken into account.

Features of installation of different designs

Through holes, which are quite long, can be covered with monolithic reinforced concrete products. If the length of the opening does not exceed 3 m, reinforced concrete beams placed in not removable formwork. If the opening in the aerated concrete wall is only 1.2 m long, there is no need to make a jumper. This condition is observed in cases where the masonry above the opening has a height of no more than 2/3 of the width of the opening itself.

The walls in the supporting structure must be at least 60 cm wide. For such piers, aerated concrete blocks with reinforcement can also be used.

More optimal solution to preserve the thermal insulation of the outer walls of the house is the creation of lintels, which are made of aerated concrete. They are installed above window and door openings. Such blocks usually have a density grade of D700. For this, monolithic products in fixed formwork, which is represented by U-blocks, can also be used. The latter have a density of D500.

Sometimes the reinforcement of lintels is the simplest procedure, thanks to which it is possible to block the opening no more than 174 cm. When choosing lintels, their weight should be taken into account. Monolithic reinforced concrete products bearing walls are heavily loaded. For the installation of such structures, you will need to use lifting equipment. To lay reinforced aerated concrete structures on masonry, create special unloading platforms not necessary.

Jumpers made above the openings are usually made from 2 cm long. The wall of the U-block, which has a greater thickness, turns towards the street. The assembly of fixed formwork from such blocks is carried out on a temporary support. After the solution has completely solidified, it is removed.

Monolithic products

When using monolithic reinforced concrete lintels, it is possible to block openings up to 3 m wide. Such structures are second only to floors made of heavy concrete. U-shaped reinforced concrete products are mounted without the use of special equipment. This circumstance is a significant advantage.

However, this technology requires good preparation and a fairly large amount of work during which a jumper will be created. The product is equipped metal frame in U-shaped blocks. If they have a width of 20 cm and a tray with a width of 12 cm, it is permissible to reinforce them with 2 reinforcing bars. In all blocks that have a tray width greater than 15 cm, it is necessary to carry out reinforcement using 4 rods.

Openings can be arranged without jumpers, if several mandatory requirements. One of them has already been mentioned above - the masonry above the opening should be no more than 2/3 of the width of the opening. To create masonry rows with such an opening, temporary formwork must be used. During work, glue for aerated concrete is used.

If the masonry height is insufficient, the opening should be reinforced with an ordinary non-bearing retaining structure. Steel corners can also be used. When using them, it is necessary to take into account several subtleties:

• Steel corners can be painted for rust. They are covered with paint both inside and out.
• The masonry support has a minimum length of 20 cm.
• It is better if the corners are fastened with steel tape. For this, a wire tie is used. Welding can be used to fasten the tape.
• Corners are usually recessed into aerated concrete. They must not protrude from the wall.
• Steel corners must be wrapped with plaster mesh if the walls are subsequently plastered.

When creating a monolithic jumper, you will need to perform the following steps:

• Need to combine reinforced structures using lifting equipment. The jumper is set with the arrow pointing up. The support is best done with a depth of 25 cm. It is optimal if it is equal to 30 cm. The width should be equal to the width of the block.
• Jumpers must be fastened together. The element must not be deformed. It should not be shortened or made in the hole feature. Violation of the integrity of the structure will lead to a loss of its strength.
• The next jumper is laid close to the previous one.
• The surface of the structures is leveled with a planer.
• The setting of the mixture for fine-joint masonry is expected.

When performing such actions, you can arrange a door or window opening with your own hands. The support of jumpers on the walls should be as reliable as possible. This can be ensured by performing correct calculations.

The main task of window systems is protection from weather conditions, keeping heat in the house. From correct installation windows depends on safety and durability.

Since aerated concrete is very easy to saw, using a special corner you can easily get a perfectly even window opening.

Aerated concrete masonry above the window is under heavy load not only during the construction of the building, but also during further operation.

Reinforcement nodes of a building made of aerated concrete blocks: 1 - wall of aerated concrete blocks; 2 - reinforcement at the joints between floor slabs; 3 - reinforced concrete belt; 4 - elements of insulation of the armored belt; 5 - reinforcement of the support zones of the jumpers; 6 - reinforcement of the window sill zone; 7 - reinforcement of blind walls with a large area; 8 - reinforcement of the supporting seam.

In the standard case, in order to evenly distribute the load on the side parts of the entire window opening (and partitions), reinforcement is installed using a wall chaser so that 12 mm reinforcement can easily enter the groove. The latter is filled with mortar, and reinforcement is placed inside the groove so that its ends extend by more than half a meter.

wooden boxes for windows in a house made of aerated concrete, they are produced without grooves. After sawing and planing the bars of the required sizes, quarters and grooves are selected. At both ends of each bar, spikes and eyes are cut out. Next, we collect the "mosaic" in a box. Often the bottom bar is left intact.

The technology for the construction of windows and partitions depends on the used load-bearing or non-bearing lintels, nodes of support on the walls. If window frames are used, they are inserted into the opening and secured with nails or anchor bolts.

The seams between the wall and the box are insulated mounting foam or mineral plate.

Installing lintels over window openings is a difficult step in the work, requiring care, diligence and adherence to technology. Support any jumper on aerated concrete wall must be installed for a length of more than 2 m. Further, the opening is done like this. Taking into account the thickness of the walls, one or two lintels are located close to each other. If the window is 1.2 m wide or more, it must be strengthened by extending the support to 2.5 m.

Jumper diagram.

In the construction of gas-block buildings, the following jumpers are used:

Depending on the reinforcement zone:

• bearings are reinforced in the stretched zone with working reinforcement calculated for bending strength, reference shear, deflection, transverse force;
• non-bearing reinforced structurally (gas and reinforced concrete lintels).

Depending on the material used:

• aerated concrete, subdivided into lintels from U-shaped aerated concrete blocks and reinforced lintels from aerated concrete;
• reinforced concrete;
• wooden;
• metal rolled profiles - corners, I-beams, channels.

Jumper setting

Formwork installation option for pouring a lintel.

The window opening and partitions in aerated concrete walls are blocked by prefabricated lintels made of timber or monolith. Prefabricated-monolithic lintels are produced from U-shaped heavy concrete (M200) blocks with the assistance of fixed formwork. U-blocks are aerated concrete blocks made in a certain format, inside the section of which reinforcement is made. The walls of the U-block act as a formwork (load-bearing capacity) for monolithic lintels and thermal insulation. The framework is made of steel fittings of a class A III. Prefabricated jumpers, depending on the size and weight, can be made by lifting mechanisms or independently manually. Further, the laying of jumpers is carried out only on the mortar used for laying the walls. The window opening in aerated concrete does not have a quarter. Wooden boxes are fastened with galvanized nails or metal ruffs. The gaps between the window opening and the frame are plugged with insulation with elastic gaskets or mounting foam, the slopes are treated with plaster.

The window sills of the outer walls are protected by a steel drain from the roof.

Options for insulating the lintel above the opening in the wall made of aerated concrete block.

The window opening is covered with U-shaped blocks (prefabricated-monolithic lintels) in several stages.

1. Installation of U-blocks with a wide part on the outer side of the walls on a prepared base to a depth of at least 2.5 m. In the case of block lintels above the opening, temporary supports are installed before they are laid. To prevent deflection of the lintel, the support of the windows must be reliable.
2. The window opening also requires sizing. The gluing of vertical seams between U-blocks is carried out with a thin-seam mortar.
3. Checking the evenness of the masonry blocks with a building level and, if necessary, leveling the masonry with a rubber mallet.
4. To properly arrange the opening, you need to perform reinforcement. Reinforcement (framework) is placed in the formed cavity between the recesses of the U-blocks in such a way that concrete overlap is provided from all sides.
5. Laying thermal insulation (for example, expanded polystyrene) between the reinforcement and the outer wall of the U-shaped block.
6. The opening is wetted in the area of ​​the U-lintel with water.
7. Filling block cavities with compacted fine-grained concrete. The composition of concrete and reinforcement is selected taking into account the perceived load.
8. Leveling the concrete surface.
9. Removal of temporary props after full setting concrete mortar in U-shaped aerated concrete blocks.

Installation of reinforced jumpers

Location of anchors in the area of ​​window and door openings when lining aerated concrete walls with bricks: 1. Facing wall made of bricks. 2. Anchor.

To simplify the work, you can purchase ready-made lintels made of reinforced autoclaved aerated concrete, rectangular in cross section, which cover spans of windows and partitions of no more than 2.5 m. They also have a uniform load distribution, simplifying the selection of jumpers. The main problem in the construction of houses from aerated concrete is the appearance of cold bridges from windows. Thermal conductivity of the jumper reinforced concrete small, as a result, the likelihood of cold bridges disappears. As a result of the installation of such jumpers, a homogeneous basis for finishing with plaster is obtained. There is a variety of lintel sizes to suit any block width. Thus, reinforced jumpers have a number of advantages. First, low thermal conductivity. Secondly, light weight. Thirdly, high fire resistance. Finally, accurate geometric dimensions. This option significantly saves time on the construction of buildings, is the most environmentally friendly.

Reinforced jumper is used as a single-span beam that takes the load along the entire length.

The layout of the points of attachment of the box of the window unit in the wall opening: 1- places of permanent attachment of the structure to the wall.

To obtain a jumper of the required window width, we perform several actions:

1. We make a combination of reinforced lintels with lifting transport, for example, with a crane or on our own with our own hands. Install the jumper with the arrow pointing up. The support depth should be at least 25 cm, optimally - 30 cm of masonry, width - equal to the width of the block, height - equal to the height of one or two blocks. You can also attach two jumpers at once. Installation of window supports is carried out only in monolithic blocks.
2. We fasten the jumpers to each other and in the places of support with glue or mortar for fine-seam work. In no case should the jumper be deformed in order to shorten it, drill holes and in any way violate the integrity of the cross section of the block. Otherwise, it will lead to loss of thermal protection, deformation, deflection.
3. We lay the next jumper tightly to each other with a rubber mallet.
4. Align the surface of the jumpers with a planer.
5. We are waiting for the setting of the mixture for thin-seam masonry.

Installing a jumper from a metal corner

Pouring a monolithic concrete lintel.

Aerated concrete can be easily cut with a special saw. A special corner contributes to an optimally even cut, as a result, choose right size block to the window is not difficult. It is important to note that the cut block is inserted more than a meter long. With the help of pre-purchased blocks of various sizes, you can easily adjust the height of the windows either by trimming the block, or by selecting blocks of various sizes.

Concrete lintels, having the property of high thermal conductivity, unlike aerated concrete, require additional insulation, for example, using polystyrene. The process turns out to be laborious (aerated concrete, polystyrene, concrete) and requires professional intervention. This kind of jumper is best installed on wide windows. In addition, the insulation will contribute to the weakening of the frame, the loss of vapor permeability. The latter contributes to the formation of condensation and mold inside the window.

One of the most reliable and simplest ways to install an aerated concrete block on lintels is to lay lintels from a metal corner into the body of an aerated concrete block at a distance of 1/3 of the width from the edge. If the width of the windows is up to 1.2 m, then the 50th corner will do, if up to 2 m - the 75th corner. The metal corner is durable, therefore, the ability to hold a number of glued gas silicate blocks. To ensure maximum strength of the wall, aerated concrete is laid with glue with dressing. The advantage of a metal corner is that masonry with outside look homogeneous. The dimensions of reinforced concrete lintels depend on the load of windows and partitions, the pressure from the unset masonry. The following jumper profiles are distinguished:

• channels, I-beams;
• profile pipes;
• hot-rolled steel corners;
• unequal-shelf and equal-shelf steel corners.

For structural reasons, for more convenient laying of aerated concrete, it is best to use four corners instead of two. Rolled metal profiles should rest more than 25 cm on the wall and 40-50 cm in earthquake-prone regions.

The use of monolithic reinforced concrete lintels is a laborious process. The technology for mounting such a jumper includes:

• selection of height;
• reinforcement;
• formwork installation;
• formwork support;
• tying reinforcement;
• reinforcement concreting.

Wooden lintels - the most economical option, which has a low thermal conductivity. Main disadvantage- the unreliability that the openings will have, in view of this, the use of lintels made of wood is impractical.

Window unit installation

Window unit installation.

In order to exclude the formation of cracks, condensate, mold, fungus, reduce sound insulation, it is necessary to carry out all technological methods:

1. Leveling the surface of the slopes of the masonry.
2. Impregnation of the opening with a primer.
3. Removal of dirt, debris.
4. Applying a primer to the openings in the places where the tapes are glued.
5. Thermal insulation of internal slopes.
6. Preparation of sealing and insulating tapes equal to the width of the window plus 2 cm.
7. sticking vapor barrier tape 60 mm wide on the vertical and horizontal upper sides of the slope, retreating 30 mm from each side of the opening using a limiter bar. The tape cannot be pulled out. Apply the tape in an even layer without bubbles or wrinkles.
8. Careful filling of the tape at the joints (joining is allowed from top to bottom, no more than one per opening).
9. Bonding vapor-permeable sealing tape first on the vertical sides, then on the horizontal ceiling, which can be laid both to the frame and to the surface of the window opening. This removes the protective paper tape. The cross section of the vapor-permeable tape should be more than 70% of the length of the tape squeezed by the window.
10. Mounting and attaching the window so as not to tear the tapes glued to the window opening.
11. Insertion of bearing blocks that do not interfere with the fastening of the tapes.
12. Filling pre-moistened joints with mounting foam for heat, sound insulation and durability evenly from bottom to top with a thickness of 40 mm.
13. Sticking the free edge of the vapor barrier tape on the surface of the block.
14. Fastening platbands, drain and window sill.
15. Sealing the gaps that the opening has.

List of tools and materials

Installation of a window in the opening.

Required tools:

• mallet;
• wall chaser;
• carriage;
• ladle;
• grater;
• hacksaw for aerated concrete;
• building level;
• rubber mallet;
• plane;
• roulette;
• Master OK;
• putty knife;
• level-line, rule;
• drill with a special attachment;
• concrete mixer;
• gloves;
• bucket.

Required materials:

• expanded polystyrene;
• steel fittings;
• U-blocks / aerated concrete reinforced lintels;
• galvanized nails / metal ruffs;
• mortar for fine-seam work;
• concrete mortar;
• plaster;
• assembly foam.

Materials for concrete mortar:

• cement;
• water;
• sand;
• or ready solution.

Reinforced lintels are an integral part of aerated concrete construction technology. The task of the jumper is to hold the load from the higher blocks, armored belts and everything that puts pressure on the jumper. So reinforcement should be carried out strictly according to technology and calculations.

When building a homemade jumper, the following points should be considered:

1. What is the length of the opening.
2. Does it need to be insulated?
3. What diameter rebar to use.
4. What is the reinforcement scheme.
5. How far should the jumper rest against the wall.
6. Is it necessary to reinforce a row of gas block under the jumper.
7. How to make a formwork for a lintel.
8. What brand of concrete to use.
9. How long does it take for concrete to harden?

We will try to answer all these questions in this article.

To begin with, you have several jumper options, namely:

• Pour the concrete cofferdam into the U-blocks.
• Pour the concrete lintel into the wooden formwork.
• Purchase a ready-made aerated concrete jumper.

The row of aerated concrete, on which the jumper rests, must be reinforced with two bars of reinforcement of 8 diameters. Reinforcement must be at least 900 mm on either side of the lintel.

This is done because the lintel and the higher elements of the wall point-pressure on the points of support of the lintel, creating point strong loads on the aerated concrete. And in order to avoid cracks, these places must be reinforced.

We also recall about reinforcing the window sill, you can read about it at the link.

The thickness of the jumper must match the thickness of the wall. Jumpers are made both for load-bearing thick walls, and for thin ones. internal partitions. Given this, it is necessary to determine the method of erecting jumpers.

If the opening in the external carrier is very long and the maximum strength of the lintel is required, then it is better to make the lintel on a removable wooden formwork with polystyrene insulation.

The insulation must be located on the side of the street, and its thickness must be at least 50 mm to avoid cold bridges.

The formwork itself must be very rigid and strong so that it does not sag under the weight of concrete, and so that it does not break under the bursting load of liquid concrete.

The lower part of the jumper works in tension, that is, the main work of the reinforcement falls on the lower bars of the reinforcement. It follows from this that the lower reinforcement of the jumper should be more powerful, which ensures the use of larger diameter reinforcement, as well as a large number of bars.

Since aerated concrete is a brittle material, the lintel must create high rigidity, with minimal deflection, in order to avoid cracks in the masonry.

Reinforcement of a responsible (long) jumper must be done strictly according to calculations! But we will write you some recommendations.

For openings longer than 1500 mm, it is necessary to use high-quality ribbed reinforcement 10-14 mm in diameter, the number of lower bars should be from 3 to 6, the number of upper bars - 2-4. The smaller the diameter of the reinforcement, the more bars you need to use.

The reinforcing cage is usually knitted with wire. Not all fittings are designed for welding.

For the frame (transverse reinforcement), bars of 6 diameters are suitable. The task of the frame is to hold the working reinforcement in the correct position. The distance between the frames should be from 150 to 400 mm.

The jumper itself should rest on the wall by at least 250 mm, and if the jumper is long, then the support should be even greater.

To fill the lintels, you need to use thick concrete grade M300-M350, followed by compaction.

For ordinary window and door openings, the option with U-blocks is best suited, since they are ready-made fixed formwork, and they need minimal insulation - from 20 to 30 mm.

U-blocks can be ordered in ready-made, but you can do it yourself by sawing a gutter of the right size in a regular gas block. You need to cut it in pieces, with a saw on aerated concrete, and then chip off these pieces.

For U-blocks, you need to build a simple but rigid support that will hold them + you need to take into account the weight of the reinforcement and concrete.

The reinforcement itself in such jumpers is a frame of 4-6 reinforcement bars with a diameter of 10 to 12 mm. The distance between the frames is 150-300 mm.

The support of the jumper on the wall must be at least 200 mm. Do not forget about the protective layer of concrete - 40mm.

After how many days can the jumper be loaded

To begin with, when you poured concrete into the formwork, it must be covered with a film so that moisture does not come out of the concrete, and the concrete can gain the required strength. Also, the jumper itself must sometimes be spilled with water.

In this state, the jumper should stand for at least 5-7 days. Note that the higher the temperature, the faster the concrete gains strength. In the cold season, it is better to leave the formwork for two weeks.

If the weather is warm, the formwork can be removed and the subsequent laying of aerated concrete can be continued already a week after pouring. If the formwork does not interfere with the masonry, then it is better to leave it for 28 days.

Finished aerated concrete lintels are good decision which save a lot of time during construction. After all, you do not need to prepare formwork, knit reinforcement, pour concrete and wait until it gains strength.

But it is worth noting that long and thick jumpers weigh quite a lot, and it is unlikely that they can be mounted without a crane. Although there are thin jumpers that weigh 70 kg each, they can be installed with the effort of two people.

Reinforcement of finished jumpers is made of welded fittings coated with a special anti-corrosion coating.

1. The width of such jumpers are from 100 to 400 mm.
2. Height from 200 to 400 mm.
3. Length from 1300 to 3000 mm.

The use of ready-made aerated concrete lintels is very justified if you need to build a house as soon as possible, and also if the number of lintels in the house is very large.

Do-it-yourself aerated concrete jumpers

At the stage of building a house from aerated concrete blocks, additional reinforcement of door and window openings. This is necessary to strengthen the entire structure, to prevent the formation of cracks on the walls of the building or other shortcomings that may be detected during further operation. For this purpose are used different kinds building beams, differing in cost, speed and ease of installation, durability. Lintels over windows in an aerated concrete house solve many pressing problems, but before using them, you should familiarize yourself with some of the nuances and important characteristics.

Types of lintels for walls made of aerated concrete blocks

Depending on the tasks set, the following types of jumpers can be used in construction.

From reinforced aerated concrete

They are used in the construction of buildings from cellular concrete blocks. Often they are used to cover the load-bearing walls of residential and public buildings up to four floors. Box opening equipment aerated concrete lintels in load-bearing walls suitable for houses whose height does not exceed 17 meters. The advantages of using aerated concrete beams are as follows:

• high speed of work;
• small mass;
• a clear and even surface that can be decorated with paint or thin-layer plaster;
• absence of "cold zones".

The disadvantage of these products is the high price, but it is offset by other advantages.

Reinforced concrete

They are made of steel rods and a heavy solution of concrete. Such devices have a wide range of applications. They are used in construction for floors, as well as supporting structures. The main advantage is their availability and low price. The disadvantages of reinforced concrete lintels for gas blocks include high thermal conductivity and a significant mass.

Wooden

Such accessories used in the construction of houses made of brick, wood or cellular concrete material. The main requirements for buildings, when installing wooden lintels, is the presence of ceilings with wooden floor. The material used is thoroughly dried beforehand and treated with an antiseptic. The advantage of wooden lintels over the windows in an aerated concrete house is the ability to build them with your own hands. Also, it is impossible not to note their heat-preserving properties, low cost, low weight. Under the influence external factors, they, unfortunately, are deformed and rot. Exposure external influences and a short service life, in comparison with other types of crossbars, are their main disadvantages.

metal profiles

They have excellent bearing characteristics, but their use is not always justified. The fact is that they are prone to metal corrosion. Yes, and the thermal conductivity of such products is very high, so there is a need for additional insulation. However, before making steel lintels over the windows in an aerated concrete house, some nuances should be taken into account:

• before laying, it is desirable to cover the corners with paint on all sides;
• for fixing, the profiles are fastened with a wire tie or welding;
• the corners do not protrude from the wall, they are mounted in aerated concrete;
• before installation, the corners are wrapped with a plaster mesh to ensure adhesion with the plaster.

From monolithic concrete

This method of creating a concrete lintel for aerated concrete is the cheapest, but it requires a lot of trouble. The result is a fairly strong structure that can withstand heavy loads. The disadvantages include the fact that after its installation, the uniformity of the wall surface is lost, which is detected when applying a thin layer of plaster. Before starting work on the installation of a monolithic beam, it is required to build a removable formwork from plywood, boards or other similar material.

When choosing a material for lintels, the following characteristics are taken into account: the height of the building, its area, the weight of walls, roofs, floors (attic or between floors). It is also desirable to pay attention to the cost of the material and the desired time frame for the construction of the building.

For the reliability of the entire structure, it is very important to correctly calculate such parameters as the bearing area, the length and width of the reinforcing products. These components are determined based on the width of the window opening, as well as the height of the masonry above it. The depth of support of the jumpers on the aerated concrete wall or the minimum length of the installation into the masonry is determined depending on their type. The most popular options are:

The option without jumpers is also used in practice. To implement the plan, several requirements must be met:

1. The width of the window opening does not exceed 120 cm.
2. The height of the masonry above the box is no more than 2/3 of the width of the opening.
3. Temporary formwork is set up.
4. Reinforcement of several rows is carried out above the reinforcement.
5. The voids are filled with glue for aerated concrete.

Mounting

Having become acquainted with what the jumpers on aerated concrete and the depth of support are, let's move on to the direct process of their installation.

The sequence of actions when installing aerated concrete U-blocks

Such beams are the most common in recent times, since the process of laying the finished factory product is quite simple. In addition, the craftsmen manage to maintain the continuity of the masonry, while obtaining a perfectly flat surface. The technology is used to strengthen openings up to three meters, the work is as follows:

When can construction continue? Only after the complete hardening of the structure, we continue construction. The timing depends on what time of the year the construction is carried out, on weather conditions, temperature and humidity. In hot, dry weather, concrete should be poured with water until it is completely fixed.

Stages of work when strengthening the opening with a product made of monolithic concrete

fill concrete mix is, as already mentioned, the cheapest way to arrange a future window. We follow the step by step instructions:

Installation of jumpers from the corners

Experts advise using metal corners to enhance window structures up to 1.2 meters if the height of the subsequent masonry is at least two thirds of the width of the opening. If this requirement is met, we proceed as follows:

1. We cut out the grooves for the corners with an indent from the edges, about 10-13 cm.
2. We process metal structure composition against corrosion, we wrap it with a plaster mesh.
3. We make sure that the product rests on the walls.
4. We lay the corners on the inside and outside.

Along with this method, reinforcement is also successfully used to reinforce narrow openings. The use of aerated concrete or reinforced concrete beams in these cases is not justified. To reinforce one opening, four twigs with a diameter of 10 mm are used. The rods are placed in holes, which are then filled with glue or mortar. Blocks are then laid on the fixed rods.

Strengthening the opening is a process that requires certain knowledge and skills. To ensure the reliability and durability of the structure, it is important to correctly perform the calculations and consistently perform the described actions.