There is an opinion that “living well” in a village is much more difficult than in a city. In fact, this is far from being the case, because success can be achieved in any area, the main thing is to choose the right direction.

From time immemorial people lived in the village at the expense of animal husbandry and crop production. Today, when the 21st century is in the yard, absolutely nothing has changed. This post is about one of the most promising directions business for countryside, which consists in breeding cattle for meat.

So, the first thing that worries the future livestock breeder is the procedure for the official registration of his business:

• Working "in a big way", hide from long arm the law is unlikely to succeed, so it is better to contact the tax office and complete all the necessary procedures for.
• Also, for the successful sale of goods in bulk, one cannot do without a quality certificate, the absence of which will certainly become a stumbling block for cooperation with serious organizations (meat processing plants, restaurants, supermarkets, etc.).

In principle, these are the two main “papers” necessary for the legal conduct of this kind of activity, but since the legislation tends to change constantly, it is better to clarify the list of all necessary documents in the same tax or district administration.

Required space and facilities

Before acquiring calves, it is important to take care of their future habitat. Here you need to understand that fattening cattle takes a lot of time, respectively, the animals will find both severe frosts and sultry heat. An ordinary barn can cope with the cold, and the presence of heating in it is not necessary, the main thing is the absence of drafts and moisture.

The room temperature should not fall below -10 degrees.

In the summer, a special paddock with a canopy and a place for walking is used. The design of the facility must necessarily include a feeder and a sloping floor, thanks to which all waste will be collected in a pan (a linear recess across the width of the pen).

Please note that calves are rapidly gaining weight during this period of the year, and in order not to endanger their health, regular walking is necessary. It is carried out until puberty, further outings on the pasture are fraught with consequences: a minimum - a skirmish between bulls, a maximum - physical damage to the person responsible for the procedure. Do not neglect this requirement, because animals that are constantly in the stall become inadequate and aggressive.

The required area for keeping 10 bulls on the basis that 10-11 m 2 is laid on one head, is about two acres of land. In total, the cost of square meters and the total cost of all Construction Materials will be about 100-150 thousand rubles. Of course, the construction of buildings will take a lot of time, effort, and most importantly - desire.

Equipment

• The diet of a healthy bull consists of a wide variety of ingredients, mainly grains and gourds as well as herbs. The last point requires special attention, to feed even 10 goals it will take a lot. That is, such volumes cannot be prepared with an ordinary scythe, so you can’t do without a lawn mower (7 thousand rubles).
• Naturally, transportation of grass will require transport, even an ordinary car with an equipped trailer will do.
• If the future farm will be located in an ordinary private courtyard, in order to avoid conflicts with neighbors due to bad smell, it is necessary to organize the export of waste outside the settlement. The fact that such material also acts as a fertilizer practically eliminates the possibility of any problems at this stage.
• Of course, ideally, to purchase a tractor, but this is a rather serious investment, which will almost double the total budget of the money allocated for the project. But with the help of such a technique and in the presence of various attachments and the carriage will be able to transport the cargo and harvest, and much faster and more efficiently than it can be done by the forces of a conventional machine.
• Also, do not forget about the processing of grain crops (wheat, barley, corn, etc.), an ordinary mini-mill will help turn them into flour, you can buy it at any market.
• Of course, such running tools in the countryside as choppers, shovels and pitchforks should be prepared in advance, because they will be used every day.

Selection of breed and purchase of animals

It is best to make a deal at the end of winter or the beginning of spring, because then by the next winter it will be possible to calculate the first profit. It is important to find a decent farm where all the livestock are kept in optimal conditions, which significantly reduces the likelihood of any infections in the animal's body.

As mentioned earlier, it is not recommended for beginners to start with a large herd, 10 goals will be enough to start. In this case, it is quite possible to purchase domestic calves that have proven themselves much better than farm ones.

To find those who want to sell bulls, you will have to improvise, as an option - post ads in nearby settlements.

The breed plays a key role in choosing an animal, it depends on it how much time the calf will gain the necessary weight. In addition, each of existing species differs in care, as well as in the taste of meat. The best option is fast-growing meat breeds. The most popular ones look like this:

• Charolais.
• White-headed.
• Simmental.
• Hereford.

The age of the animal at the time of purchase determines its final cost. Yes, the most cheap option- to acquire an individual up to 10 days old, but in this case the risk of losing the invested money increases significantly. The fact is that a small bull-calf before the age of one month feeds exclusively on milk (about 8-10 liters per day), therefore, if there is no cow on the farm (although a goat will do for this purpose), it is better to refuse such an acquisition.

Of course, everyone knows about the existence of milk powder, which can replace a natural product. But again, this is to some extent a risk of getting a weakly growing animal, because not a single concentrate can replace cow's milk. Whatever it was, the best option remains the purchase of monthly calves who by this age are already accustomed to regular food.

Care, feeding, breeding and slaughter

If it was decided to save money and purchase newborn bulls, you need to be prepared for round-the-clock care for them during the first month of life. Calves need to be fed with milk or a substitute three times a day, it is better to schedule and permanent basis stick to it.

The most common problem in this procedure, it is the reluctance of the bull to eat food on its own. Therefore, you will have to stock up on an ordinary baby bottle for feeding with a nipple and practically forcibly pour liquid into the throat. However, after a week, when the animal realizes that it is not poison, it will begin to drink on its own from a bucket.

A calf begins to be accustomed to grass at the age of one month; in no case should a freshly cut plant be used for this purpose.

A young body is not able to digest such heavy food, which can lead to diarrhea, and this is an alarming sign. More than 50% of the bulls who started to vilify do not survive, so at first they put hay or straw in the feeder. At the same age, the calf begins to pour compound feed into the milk and gradually replace the milk with water.

At the moment when animals get used to such food, they can be safely taken out to pasture, but there are some nuances here:

• Walking should be done after the dew has evaporated.
• Do not leave individuals in the open sun.
• Give them time to drink.

During this period, the health hazards of the calf become much less, and additional ingredients can be introduced into its diet:

• Carrot.
• Beet fodder.
• Potato.
• Salt.
• Corn without fruits.
• Melons, etc.

Of course, you can get by with one grass and mixed fodder, but then you should not expect the maximum weight gain. You do not need to believe those who claim the need for castration, it is reliably known that uncastrated bulls grow faster (+ 15-20 kg in 1 year).

With such a diet, calves are kept up to the age of 1-1.5 years, followed by slaughter. This process is not for the faint of heart and requires certain skills, so it is better to involve a professional. Those who decide to carry out the procedure on their own will have to stun the animal with a heavy object (with a sledgehammer or the back of an ax), and then cut its neck.

Further sharp knife the skin is carefully removed so that no meat remains on it. Of course, you need to try not to damage the skin itself, which also costs money. Finally, the stomach and other entrails are removed from the carcass and divided into four parts with the help of an ax, having previously separated the head and hooves. It is in this form that the meat is sent for sale.

Sales channels

The immediate final part of this business project is the sale of meat. Here it must be said that the product is used huge demand at the consumer, so it will not be so difficult to find your client. Of course, if the livestock exceeds the size of 5-10 heads, it is unrealistic to realize such volumes in rural areas. Although there is always an option to hand over live weight calves to butchers, this will significantly affect the final profit (-30%).

In order to take the maximum, you need to either trade yourself, or find companies that are supplied by the same butchers.

The first thing to consider is the additional cost of transporting meat to the point of sale. If you have your own transport, they are not so great. There are a lot of options where to trade yourself. It can be any market with a rented outlet or even an ordinary passage lane, in general - any place with a large crowd of people and without strict requirements from the law.

However, it is much easier, and most often more efficient, to supply meat in bulk to various establishments and organizations. And to find such a client, you will have to show not only perseverance, but also bold marketing moves.

Total cost and profit

An example calculation is as follows.

• Rent land plot and the construction of buildings - 100-150 thousand rubles.
• Purchase of equipment, including a lawn mower and a mini-mill (without a tractor) - 50 thousand rubles.
• Animals directly (10 heads) - about 100 thousand rubles.
• Feed - 100-150 thousand rubles. for all livestock.

The total is about 350-450 thousand rubles. Based on the calculation that the average weight of calves will be 250-350 kg, the cost of one individual will be 45-55 thousand rubles, and ten - 450-550 thousand rubles. respectively.

Thus, the business pays off in the first year of its existence and already in the second year it gives a net profit of a little less than half a million rubles.

Animal breeding video

In the following video, you can visually see the organization of a business using the example of a peasant farm:

Approximately also behaved and the population of Russia in the same period. There is at least a correlation.

The first blow to the livestock was inflicted Civil War. It has decreased by 20 million heads in 7 years. Then the NEP and the land received by the peasants easily help to block the pre-revolutionary level and bring it to 110 million heads in 1927, in fact, equalizing the number of animals with the population of the RSFSR.

Collectivization, which began in the late 1920s, sharply reduces the number of livestock by half, from 110 to 52.5 million, but it is not collectivization that reduces the number of livestock, but the peasants themselves begin to intensively slaughter their cattle so as not to reduce their cows and lambs to socialized farms. va. The short-sightedness of this step - the slaughter of livestock - hits the peasants themselves already in 1933, when the crop failure of 1932 created a lack of food and increased mortality from starvation in the spring of 1933. Here, this beast could save many lives, but the peasants turned out to be evil Pinocchio themselves, alas.

After that, a sharp increase in the number of livestock begins again, and the number of small cattle (sheep and goats), as well as pigs, easily exceeds the pre-revolutionary level. I will pay attention to sheep, goats and pigs. It is they who are an indicator of the private initiative of the villagers (collective farmers), whom they keep in their private farmsteads for their own food and for the sale of meat in city markets. It is not so easy to increase the number of cattle due to natural reasons (prolonged growth and weight gain) and the complexity of keeping - you need to devote a lot of time, which is quite difficult for a collective farmer full time on a collective farm.

The next blow to the livestock was inflicted by the Great Patriotic War 1941-45 The livestock decreased by one and a half times from 91 million heads to 65.

After the war, there is again an intensive growth in livestock, especially in private farmsteads. The livestock of cattle makes a breakthrough after the death of Stalin and is continuously growing almost until the very end. Soviet power. The increased attention of the state to the development of this particular industry is reflected. Attention lies in the large capital investments in the construction of capital farms and fattening complexes. The beginning of mass grain imports to the USSR coincides with the same period - intensive animal husbandry requires not only green fodder, but also fodder grain.

back side medals of the Khrushchev period is to stifle the private initiative of collective farmers through higher taxes. Collective farmers respond with mass slaughter of sheep, goats and pigs, the number of which is reduced by 25 million heads in one year. It was Khrushchev's next voluntarism that cost him his post.

During the Brezhnev period of rule, a steady increase in the number of all types of livestock is observed, which by the end of the 70s reaches its historical maximum of 160 million heads.

Under the chatterbox Gorbachev, stagnation sets in, which, under the liberals, will turn into a catastrophic reduction in the entire herd (from 150 million to 50) of all types of livestock in all types of farms, regardless of ownership. I would call this period the Skotoholocaust and the Skotomore of the 90s. The result of this is the current extremely deplorable state of the village, which looks like it was bombed for several years.

Next comes what I ironically called Putin's rise in the number of sheep, goats and pigs, as well as chickens. Cattle do not succumb to liberal mantras and spells and continue to reduce their livestock.

Cattle breeding in Russia in 2016- a review article prepared by specialists of the Expert and Analytical Center for Agribusiness "AB-Center" www. by quarters. Long-term trends (since 2001) are presented at the link -. Review backed up useful links that complement the material.

Number of cattle (cattle) in 2016

The total number of cattle (dairy, beef, meat and dairy breeds) in Russia as of October 1, 2016 in farms of all categories totaled 19,456.1 thousand heads. Including, the number of cows amounted to 8,322.4 thousand heads. In relation to October 1, 2015, the number of livestock decreased by 1.8% or by 358.3 thousand heads, by October 1, 2014 - by 3.7% or by 751.1 thousand heads, by October 1, 2013 - by 5.1% or by 1042.0 thousand heads.

Recall that the main part of the herd of cattle in Russia is cattle of dairy and milk-meat breeds. The overall reduction in livestock over a number of years is due to this category of cattle. In relation to 2001, as a result of optimization of production efficiency (culling of low-yielding cows), it decreased by 29.0%. At the same time, as a result of the increase in milk yield per cow, milk production in the country is relatively stable (in the period from 2001 to 2015 it fluctuates between 31-33 million tons). Cm. .

At the same time, there is a significant increase in the number of beef cattle. For more information about the trends in the development of the beef cattle breeding industry in Russia (data on the number of livestock by region, on the import of purebred breeding cattle by breed, on the dynamics of the development of breeding cattle breeding in the Russian Federation), see the links:

The structure of the livestock of cattle as of October 1, 2016 was distributed as follows: 43.5% belonged to agricultural organizations, 12.4% - to peasant farms, 44.1% - to households.

Number of cattle (cattle) in 2016 by regions

The region with the largest number of cattle (total number of dairy cattle, meat direction, including cows) as of October 1, 2016 - the Republic of Bashkortostan (1120.1 thousand heads). The share of the republic in the total number of cattle in Russia amounted to 5.8%. In relation to the same date in 2015, the number of cattle here decreased by 8.8% or by 108.5 thousand heads.

The second place is occupied by the Republic of Tatarstan with a livestock of 1030.6 thousand heads (5.3% of the total Russian livestock). In relation to October 1, 2015, the reduction in livestock amounted to 0.8% or 8.4 thousand heads.

The third place is occupied by the Republic of Dagestan with a share in the total livestock at the level of 5.2% (1007.5 thousand heads). In this region, there is an increase in the number of livestock - by 0.9% per year or by 9.3 thousand heads.

Altai Krai is in 4th place in the Russian Federation in terms of the number of cattle as of October 1, 2016 (820.1 thousand heads). The share in the total number of cattle was 4.2%. During the year, the livestock decreased by 2.7% or by 22.7 thousand heads.

In the Rostov region with a livestock of 601.0 thousand heads, the share in the all-Russian livestock was 3.1%. In relation to October 1, 2015, the livestock decreased by 1.8% or by 11.1 thousand heads.

6. Orenburg region - 577.0 thousand heads, share in the total number of cattle in Russia - 3.0%.

7. Krasnodar Territory - 541.3 thousand heads, 2.8%.

8. Republic of Kalmykia - 523.0 thousand heads, 2.7%.

9. Trans-Baikal Territory - 485.4 thousand heads, 2.5%.

10. Novosibirsk region - 483.3 thousand heads, 2.5%.

11. Voronezh region - 464.1 thousand heads, 2.4%.

12. Bryansk region - 463.4 thousand heads, 2.4%.

13. Omsk region - 434.0 thousand heads, 2.2%.

14. Krasnoyarsk region- 432.6 thousand heads, 2.2%.

15. Saratov region - 430.3 thousand heads, 2.2%.

16. The Republic of Buryatia - 415.3 thousand heads, 2.1%.

17. Stavropol Territory - 382.8 thousand heads, 2.0%.

18. Udmurt Republic - 350.2 thousand heads, 1.8%.

19. Chelyabinsk region - 346.5 thousand heads, 1.8%.

20. Irkutsk region - 315.6 thousand heads, 1.6%.

As of October 1, 2016, the number of cattle in farms of all categories in the regions not included in the TOP-20 totaled 8,232.1 thousand heads (42.3% of the total number of cattle in Russia).

Beef production in 2016

Beef production in Russia (cumulative, both from dairy and beef cattle) in January-September 2016, according to AB-Center calculations, amounted to 953.0 thousand tons in terms of slaughter weight (1,677.2 thousand tons per live weight according to Rosstat).

In relation to January-September 2015, beef production decreased by 1.3% (by 12.2 thousand tons in carcass weight). For two years, in relation to January-September 2014, the decrease was 2.9% (28.4 thousand tons in slaughter weight), for 3 years, beef production in the Russian Federation decreased by 1.0% (by 9.2 thousand . tons).

The increase in production is observed only in peasant farms, where in January-September 2016, 80.6 thousand tons of beef were produced in slaughter weight. Over the past 3 years, by January-September 2013, the increase in beef production here amounted to 33.4% (20.0 thousand tons).

In agricultural organizations over 3 years, the volume of production decreased by 0.1% (by 0.2 thousand tons), in households - by 5.5% (by 29.1 thousand tons).

In the structure of beef production in January-September 2016, 39.5% accounted for agricultural organizations, about 52.1% - for households, 8.5% - for peasant farms.

Beef production in 2016 by region

Important! Data on beef production by regions of Russia are presented in terms of carcass weight.

The main beef producer in Russia in January-September 2016 is the Republic of Bashkortostan. During this period, its share in total volume beef production in the Russian Federation reached 7.1% (67.9 thousand tons). In relation to January-September 2015, the volume decreased by 13.1% or 10.2 thousand tons.

In second place in terms of beef production in January-September 2016 is the Republic of Tatarstan with a share of 5.5% (52.7 thousand tons in carcass weight). In the republic, production volumes increased by 5.3% or 2.6 thousand tons compared to the same period in 2015.

The Rostov region ranks third in beef production in January-September 2016 - 41.4 thousand tons (4.3% of total production). There is also an increase of 5.2% or 2.0 thousand tons.

Altai Krai produced in January-September 2016 40.8 thousand tons of beef in slaughter weight, which is 3.9% or 1.6 thousand tons less than in the same period of 2015. The share of the Altai Territory in the total Russian beef production in 2016 amounted to 4.3% (4th place in the Russian Federation).

AT Krasnodar Territory in January-September 2016, 40.2 thousand tons of beef were produced (4.2% in total production, 5th place in the Russian Federation). The growth compared to January-September 2015 amounted to 2.1% or 0.8 thousand tons.

In addition to these regions, TOP-20 beef producing regions

6. Voronezh region (production volume - 38.8 thousand tons in slaughter weight, share in total beef production - 4.1%).

7. Republic of Dagestan (27.6 thousand tons, 2.9%).

8. Saratov region (26.7 thousand tons, 2.8%).

9. Volgograd region (26.4 thousand tons, 2.8%).

10. Bryansk region (24.0 thousand tons, 2.5%).

11. Stavropol Territory (23.7 thousand tons, 2.5%).

12. Novosibirsk region (21.5 thousand tons, 2.3%).

13. Orenburg region (21.4 thousand tons, 2.2%).

14. Krasnoyarsk Territory (21.1 thousand tons, 2.2%).

15. Omsk region (19.7 thousand tons, 2.1%).

16. Samara Region(18.1 thousand tons, 1.9%).

17. Oryol region (16.8 thousand tons, 1.8%).

18. Belgorod region (15.3 thousand tons, 1.6%).

19. Sverdlovsk region (15.2 thousand tons, 1.6%).

20. Republic of Kalmykia (15.0 thousand tons, 1.6%).

The total production of beef in January-September 2016 in farms of all categories in the regions not included in the TOP-20 amounted to 378.7 thousand tons in slaughter weight (39.7% of the total beef production).

Milk production in 2016

Milk production in Russia in farms of all categories in January-September 2016 amounted to 24,031.9 thousand tons. In relation to the same period in 2015, milk yields decreased by 0.7% or by 163.0 thousand tons. Compared to the same period in 2014 - by 0.9% or 224.4 thousand tons, by January-September 2013 - by 0.8% or 203.8 thousand tons.

The increase in production occurred in agricultural organizations and peasant farms. So, for 3 years (in January-September 2016, in relation to January-September 2013) in agricultural organizations, milk production increased by 5.8% or by 632.2 thousand tons. In peasant farms, the growth amounted to 15.0% or 210.4 thousand tons. In the households of the population, there is a decrease in production by 8.8% or by 1,046.4 thousand tons.

In the structure of milk production in January-September 2016, 48.0% accounted for agricultural organizations, 45.3% - for households, 6.7% - for peasant farms.

Milk production in 2016 by region

The leader in milk production in January-September 2016 is the Republic of Bashkortostan (1,425.5 thousand tons). The share of the republic in the total milk production in the Russian Federation amounted to 5.9%. In relation to January-September 2015, there was an increase in production by 0.4% or 5.5 thousand tons.

The second place is occupied by the Republic of Tatarstan with indicators of 1,373.8 thousand tons (5.7% of the total milk yield in the Russian Federation). Growth compared to the same period in 2015 amounted to 1.0% or 13.8 thousand tons.

Altai Territory ranks third with a share in total production of 4.6% (1,112.5 thousand tons). Here there is a decrease in milk yield compared to January-September 2015 by 0.9% or 10.6 thousand tons.

In the Krasnodar Territory in January-September 2016, milk yields amounted to 1,018.8 thousand tons (4.2% of the total Russian milk production). In relation to the same period in 2015, production increased by 1.2% or 12.1 thousand tons.

The Rostov region closes the top five regions in milk production in January-September 2016 - 846.3 thousand tons (3.5% in total milk yield). The decrease compared to January-September 2015 amounted to 0.02% or 0.1 thousand tons.

In addition to these regions, TOP-20 milk producing regions in farms of all categories in January-September 2016 included:

6. Voronezh region (production volume - 660.6 thousand tons, share in the total Russian milk production - 2.7%).

7. Republic of Dagestan (645.1 thousand tons, 2.7%).

8. Orenburg region (619.8 thousand tons, 2.6%).

9. Saratov region (587.1 thousand tons, 2.4%).

10. Udmurt Republic (580.1 thousand tons, 2.4%).

11. Krasnoyarsk Territory (562.2 thousand tons, 2.3%).

12. Novosibirsk region (535.3 thousand tons, 2.2%).

13. Omsk region (512.8 thousand tons, 2.1%).

14. Stavropol Territory (504.7 thousand tons, 2.1%).

15. Sverdlovsk region (501.2 thousand tons, 2.1%).

16. Nizhny Novgorod region (474.7 thousand tons, 2.0%).

17. Moscow region (472.8 thousand tons, 2.0%).

18. Leningrad region(458.9 thousand tons, 1.9%).

19. Kirov region (458.4 thousand tons, 1.9%).

20. Tyumen region (426.4 thousand tons, 1.8%).

The total milk production in January-September 2016 in farms of all categories in the regions not included in the TOP-20 amounted to 10,254.7 thousand tons (42.7% of the total milk production).

Source: AB Center Expert-analytical center of agribusiness "AB-Center"

The number of cattle in Russia as of October 1, 2016 in farms of all categories totaled 19,456.1 thousand heads. Including, the number of cows totaled 8,322.4 thousand heads. In relation to October 1, 2015, the number of cattle decreased by 1.8% or by 358.3 thousand heads. The number of cows decreased by 1.9% or by 161.0 thousand heads.

Number of cattle (cattle) in 2016

The total number of cattle (dairy, beef, meat and dairy breeds) in Russia as of October 1, 2016 in farms of all categories totaled 19,456.1 thousand heads. Including, the number of cows amounted to 8,322.4 thousand heads. In relation to October 1, 2015, the number of livestock decreased by 1.8% or by 358.3 thousand heads, by October 1, 2014 - by 3.7% or by 751.1 thousand heads, by October 1, 2013 - by 5.1% or by 1042.0 thousand heads.

The main part of the cattle herd in Russia is cattle of dairy and dairy-beef breeds. The overall reduction in livestock over a number of years is due to this category of cattle. In relation to 2001, as a result of optimization of production efficiency (culling of low-yielding cows), it decreased by 29.0%. At the same time, as a result of the increase in milk yield per cow, milk production in the country is relatively stable (in the period from 2001 to 2015 it fluctuates between 31-33 million tons).

At the same time, there is a significant increase in the number of beef cattle. The structure of the livestock of cattle as of October 1, 2016 was distributed as follows: 43.5% belonged to agricultural organizations, 12.4% - to peasant farms, 44.1% - to households.

Number of cattle (cattle) in 2016 by regions

The region with the largest number of cattle (the total number of dairy and beef cattle, including cows) as of October 1, 2016 is the Republic of Bashkortostan (1120.1 thousand heads). The share of the republic in the total number of cattle in Russia amounted to 5.8%. In relation to the same date in 2015, the number of cattle here decreased by 8.8% or by 108.5 thousand heads.

The second place is occupied by the Republic of Tatarstan with a livestock of 1030.6 thousand heads (5.3% of the total Russian livestock). In relation to October 1, 2015, the reduction in livestock amounted to 0.8% or 8.4 thousand heads.

The third place is occupied by the Republic of Dagestan with a share in the total livestock at the level of 5.2% (1007.5 thousand heads). In this region, there is an increase in the number of livestock - by 0.9% per year or by 9.3 thousand heads.

Altai Krai is in 4th place in the Russian Federation in terms of the number of cattle as of October 1, 2016 (820.1 thousand heads). The share in the total number of cattle was 4.2%. During the year, the livestock decreased by 2.7% or by 22.7 thousand heads.

In the Rostov region with a livestock of 601.0 thousand heads, the share in the all-Russian livestock was 3.1%. In relation to October 1, 2015, the livestock decreased by 1.8% or by 11.1 thousand heads.

• 6. Orenburg region - 577.0 thousand heads, share in the total number of cattle in Russia - 3.0%.
• 7. Krasnodar Territory - 541.3 thousand heads, 2.8%.
• 8. Republic of Kalmykia - 523.0 thousand heads, 2.7%.
• 9. Trans-Baikal Territory - 485.4 thousand heads, 2.5%.
• 10. Novosibirsk region - 483.3 thousand heads, 2.5%.
• 11. Voronezh region - 464.1 thousand heads, 2.4%.
• 12. Bryansk region - 463.4 thousand heads, 2.4%.
• 13. Omsk region - 434.0 thousand heads, 2.2%.
• 14. Krasnoyarsk Territory - 432.6 thousand heads, 2.2%.
• 15. Saratov region - 430.3 thousand heads, 2.2%.
• 16. The Republic of Buryatia - 415.3 thousand heads, 2.1%.
• 17. Stavropol Territory - 382.8 thousand heads, 2.0%.
• 18. Udmurt Republic - 350.2 thousand heads, 1.8%.
• 19. Chelyabinsk region - 346.5 thousand heads, 1.8%.
• 20. Irkutsk region - 315.6 thousand heads, 1.6%.

As of October 1, 2016, the number of cattle in farms of all categories in the regions not included in the TOP-20 totaled 8,232.1 thousand heads (42.3% of the total number of cattle in Russia).

Beef production in 2016

Beef production in Russia (cumulative, both from dairy and beef cattle) in January-September 2016, according to AB-Center calculations, amounted to 953.0 thousand tons in terms of slaughter weight (1,677.2 thousand tons per live weight according to Rosstat).

In relation to January-September 2015, beef production decreased by 1.3% (by 12.2 thousand tons in carcass weight). For two years, in relation to January-September 2014, the decrease was 2.9% (28.4 thousand tons in slaughter weight), for 3 years, beef production in the Russian Federation decreased by 1.0% (by 9.2 thousand . tons).

The increase in production is observed only in peasant farms, where in January-September 2016, 80.6 thousand tons of beef were produced in slaughter weight. Over the past 3 years, by January-September 2013, the increase in beef production here amounted to 33.4% (20.0 thousand tons).

In agricultural organizations over 3 years, the volume of production decreased by 0.1% (by 0.2 thousand tons), in households - by 5.5% (by 29.1 thousand tons).

In the structure of beef production in January-September 2016, 39.5% accounted for agricultural organizations, about 52.1% - for households, 8.5% - for peasant farms.

AT last years there is not only a reduction in beef production, but also the import of this type of meat in the Russian Federation, as a result of which its consumption is falling.

Beef production in 2016 by region

Important! Data on beef production by regions of Russia are presented in terms of slaughter weight.

The main beef producer in Russia in January-September 2016 is the Republic of Bashkortostan. During this period, its share in the total volume of beef production in the Russian Federation reached 7.1% (67.9 thousand tons). In relation to January-September 2015, the volume decreased by 13.1% or 10.2 thousand tons.

In second place in terms of beef production in January-September 2016 is the Republic of Tatarstan with a share of 5.5% (52.7 thousand tons in carcass weight). In the republic, production volumes increased by 5.3% or 2.6 thousand tons compared to the same period in 2015.

The Rostov region ranks third in beef production in January-September 2016 - 41.4 thousand tons (4.3% of total production). There is also an increase of 5.2% or 2.0 thousand tons.

Altai Krai produced in January-September 2016 40.8 thousand tons of beef in slaughter weight, which is 3.9% or 1.6 thousand tons less than in the same period of 2015. The share of the Altai Territory in the total Russian beef production in 2016 amounted to 4.3% (4th place in the Russian Federation).

In the Krasnodar Territory in January-September 2016, 40.2 thousand tons of beef were produced (4.2% in total production, 5th place in the Russian Federation). The growth compared to January-September 2015 amounted to 2.1% or 0.8 thousand tons.

In addition to these regions, TOP-20 regions producing beef in farms of all categories in January-September 2016 included:

• 6. Voronezh region (production volume - 38.8 thousand tons in slaughter weight, share in total beef production - 4.1%).
• 7. Republic of Dagestan (27.6 thousand tons, 2.9%).
• 8. Saratov region (26.7 thousand tons, 2.8%).
• 9. Volgograd region (26.4 thousand tons, 2.8%).
• 10. Bryansk region (24.0 thousand tons, 2.5%).
• 11. Stavropol Territory (23.7 thousand tons, 2.5%).
• 12. Novosibirsk region (21.5 thousand tons, 2.3%).
• 13. Orenburg region (21.4 thousand tons, 2.2%).
• 14. Krasnoyarsk Territory (21.1 thousand tons, 2.2%).
• 15. Omsk region (19.7 thousand tons, 2.1%).
• 16. Samara region (18.1 thousand tons, 1.9%).
• 17. Oryol region (16.8 thousand tons, 1.8%).
• 18. Belgorod region (15.3 thousand tons, 1.6%).
• 19. Sverdlovsk region (15.2 thousand tons, 1.6%).
• 20. Republic of Kalmykia (15.0 thousand tons, 1.6%).

The total production of beef in January-September 2016 in farms of all categories in the regions not included in the TOP-20 amounted to 378.7 thousand tons in slaughter weight (39.7% of the total beef production).

Milk production in 2016

Milk production in Russia in farms of all categories in January-September 2016 amounted to 24,031.9 thousand tons. In relation to the same period in 2015, milk yields decreased by 0.7% or by 163.0 thousand tons. Compared to the same period in 2014 - by 0.9% or 224.4 thousand tons, by January-September 2013 - by 0.8% or 203.8 thousand tons.

The increase in production occurred in agricultural organizations and peasant farms. So, for 3 years (in January-September 2016, in relation to January-September 2013) in agricultural organizations, milk production increased by 5.8% or by 632.2 thousand tons. In peasant farms, the growth amounted to 15.0% or 210.4 thousand tons. In the households of the population, there is a decrease in production by 8.8% or by 1,046.4 thousand tons.

In the structure of milk production in January-September 2016, 48.0% accounted for agricultural organizations, 45.3% - for households, 6.7% - for peasant farms.

Milk production in 2016 by region

The leader in milk production in January-September 2016 is the Republic of Bashkortostan (1,425.5 thousand tons). The share of the republic in the total milk production in the Russian Federation amounted to 5.9%. In relation to January-September 2015, there was an increase in production by 0.4% or 5.5 thousand tons.

The second place is occupied by the Republic of Tatarstan with indicators of 1,373.8 thousand tons (5.7% of the total milk yield in the Russian Federation). Growth compared to the same period in 2015 amounted to 1.0% or 13.8 thousand tons.

Altai Territory ranks third with a share in total production of 4.6% (1,112.5 thousand tons). Here there is a decrease in milk yield compared to January-September 2015 by 0.9% or 10.6 thousand tons.

In the Krasnodar Territory in January-September 2016, milk yields amounted to 1,018.8 thousand tons (4.2% of the total Russian milk production). In relation to the same period in 2015, production increased by 1.2% or 12.1 thousand tons.

The Rostov region closes the top five regions in milk production in January-September 2016 - 846.3 thousand tons (3.5% in total milk yield). The decrease compared to January-September 2015 amounted to 0.02% or 0.1 thousand tons.

In addition to these regions, TOP-20 milk producing regions in farms of all categories in January-September 2016 included:

• 6. Voronezh region (production volume - 660.6 thousand tons, share in the total Russian milk production - 2.7%).
• 7. Republic of Dagestan (645.1 thousand tons, 2.7%).
• 8. Orenburg region (619.8 thousand tons, 2.6%).
• 9. Saratov region (587.1 thousand tons, 2.4%).
• 10. Udmurt Republic (580.1 thousand tons, 2.4%).
• 11. Krasnoyarsk Territory (562.2 thousand tons, 2.3%).
• 12. Novosibirsk region (535.3 thousand tons, 2.2%).
• 13. Omsk region (512.8 thousand tons, 2.1%).
• 14. Stavropol Territory (504.7 thousand tons, 2.1%).
• 15. Sverdlovsk region (501.2 thousand tons, 2.1%).
• 16. Nizhny Novgorod region (474.7 thousand tons, 2.0%).
• 17. Moscow region (472.8 thousand tons, 2.0%).
• 18. Leningrad region (458.9 thousand tons, 1.9%).
• 19. Kirov region (458.4 thousand tons, 1.9%).
• 20. Tyumen region (426.4 thousand tons, 1.8%).

The total milk production in January-September 2016 in farms of all categories in the regions not included in the TOP-20 amounted to 10,254.7 thousand tons (42.7% of the total milk production).

One of the most profitable businesses for farmers is the production of meat. The better the livestock of cattle, the higher the income. To obtain the maximum benefit, it is necessary to choose beef cattle. They are adapted to certain growing conditions and do not require large labor costs and investments. As a result, farmers receive a lot of meat products at minimal cost.

Groups of meat breeds

More than a dozen different cows were bred to obtain meat products. For convenience, they were divided into three large groups.

1. Cattle of meat breeds with a high content of fat and muscle mass. Such breeds are able to accumulate fats from a young age and quickly gain weight even under adverse growing conditions. This group includes Gallovuy, Kalmyk cows, Kazakh white-headed and some others.
2. Large cows that grow slowly and have a low percentage of fat. Products obtained from these animals are considered dietary. However, due to the slow growth of young cows of this group, they are most often used in breeding new breeds.
3. Highly large individuals obtained by crossing zebu and domestic animals. Beef cattle belonging to this group easily adapt to hot climates. The representatives of the group have excellent immunity. This classification includes cows of the Charbrey, Brangus, Santa Gertrude breeds.

There are many meat breeds of cattle, differing in conditions of maintenance, care, reproduction. In order not to make a mistake with the choice, farmers must be able to navigate the selection of the breed.

Hereford cattle

Among the meat cows, the most popular is the Hereford breed. These animals are bred all over the world. They are grown in America, Europe, Russia, Australia. The demand for meat cattle breeds is explained by the fact that animals have many positive qualities. These include:

1. Large sizes. Cows are characterized by short legs, deep chest, broad back.
2. Excellent adaptability to any climatic conditions. This breed perfectly tolerates heat and cold.
3. Cows are able to withstand long hauls. This feature is valued in Australia, where herds are often driven from one pasture to another, waiting for the rainy season.
4. Excellent reproducibility. The resulting offspring retains the qualities of the parents.
5. Cows gain weight quickly. The optimal period for growing livestock for meat is 18 months.

A grown cow weighs about six hundred kilograms, and the weight of bulls exceeds one ton. Of this figure, about 80% is meat, and the rest is bones.

Newly born calves weigh about 35 kilograms. At proper care and a good diet per day, the calf adds up to two kilograms of weight. However, the cows do not have enough milk to feed the calves, so they need to be supplemented.

Products obtained from Hereford cows are distinguished by high calorie content, delicate taste, and juiciness.

Kalmyk cows

This breed is grown on the territory of Russia, namely in the southern regions of the country: in the Astrakhan region, in the Stavropol Territory, in the Rostov and Volgograd regions. Less often, representatives can be found in the central regions.

In Russia, meat breeds of cattle, namely Kalmyk cows, have many advantages, for which, in fact, they began to be grown by farmers in the southern regions of the country.

The breed is characterized by a beautiful harmonious body with a proportional head and low legs. The color is red, on some individuals there may be white stripes located on the body or on the belly. Kalmyk cows are easy to care for. They are omnivorous and undemanding to feed. Animals are happy to eat even thorns and dead wood.

Growing Kalmyk cows

These representatives of cattle can be grown in the steppes. They easily tolerate heat, dry winds, steppe storms. Animals are able to withstand average frosts, therefore, when kept in the northern regions, it is necessary to build a warm room for them.

A distinctive feature of the breed is its precocity. Adult bulls are able to gain weight up to a ton. Cows are smaller, their weight is half less - about half a ton.

Kalmyk cows can be kept by stall and pasture methods. On pastures, animals rapidly gain fat mass, which is perfectly preserved throughout the pasture season. Because of this feature, some farmers all year round keeping animals in the pastures. But this is possible only in those regions where the winter is mild.

The offspring of cows is not large. The average weight of a calf is about 25 kilograms. Young animals are developing rapidly, adding a kilogram every day. Cows are able to fully feed their offspring without additional feeding.

Representatives of the Kalmyk breed give good milk fat content 4.5%. At proper care the animal is capable of giving at least twenty liters of milk per day. Cattle meat has a marble shade and a small fat layer. It is juicy and of the highest quality. The product is highly valued by famous chefs of the country because of its excellent taste.

Kazakh breed

The best meat breeds of cattle include the Kazakh white-headed cow. It was received in the fifties of the last century. Currently, the breed is successfully grown in the south of the country, as well as in the Volga region.

The color of cows is red with white spots on different parts body. The breed is very large, with a dense constitution. In the warm season, the animals are covered with short hair, and in winter it grows thick and long.

White-headed cows perfectly adapt to any growing conditions. They quickly gain weight not only in the grazing variant of keeping, but also in stalls. Cows of the Kazakh breed weigh about 550 kilograms. They give small offspring. Newborn calves weigh about twenty kilograms. Every day, young animals gain eight hundred grams of weight. As soon as the young growth gains two centners of weight, they stop feeding it with milk, transferring it to ordinary feed.

Limousin breed

In terms of productivity, beef cattle breeds are superior to dairy breeds. One of the heaviest is the limousine cow. It weighs about 600 kilograms, and the bulls - over a ton.

The breed was bred in Europe over a hundred years ago. Cows are red. There are light rings around the eyes and nose. The body is built harmoniously, has an excellent constitution.

The Limousin breed is valued for its endurance, unpretentiousness and high fertility. Calves are born large and can weigh over forty kilograms. By the time of weaning from the cow, the young growth reaches a weight of three hundred kilograms.

In Russia, this breed appeared along with other European cows. In terms of slaughter, it surpasses some other types of cows. There are up to seven kilograms of pure meat per kilogram of bones.

Simmental meat and dairy breed

The most common dairy and meat breed of cattle is the Simmental. It was taken out in Switzerland. Over the years of its existence, cows have spread throughout the world and have been successfully raised not only in Europe, but also in America, in Russia.

The breed has double benefit. She gives meat High Quality and excellent milk with a fat content of 3.8%. The breed is characterized by rapid development. At good care the calf is gaining up to a kilogram of weight.

Features of Simmental cattle

Despite all the unpretentiousness of Simmentals, when breeding this breed, it is worth choosing the right breeding herd. When importing animals from abroad, you should buy cows in countries with similar climatic conditions. This is due to the low adaptive ability of animals. They are hard to get used to the new conditions of detention. Because of this, the reproduction function may be disrupted, growth and development of young animals are delayed, and productivity decreases.

Breeding cows

Having information about the existing meat cattle breeds and their characteristics, you can select cows that will be easy to grow in the region. With proper maintenance, already at eighteen months of age, animals can be slaughtered. By this time they will gain a good weight.

When breeding cows, it is important to have not only a herd for meat, but also breeding animals. Usually bulls and heifers are kept separately. Cows are artificially inseminated to produce offspring. On small farms, bulls are used for insemination.

While raising cows farming gets milk. It is rarely used for feeding calves. Most often, milk is replaced by milk replacer, and the natural product is sold. This is additional income for farms.