What is an intercom, what are their types and how to use them?

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Intercom installation

Warmth and cleanliness in the entrances have always been the key to a good home. Therefore, people constantly had to clean up their entrances. But such cleaning was not preserved for a long time, since there were always a lot of people who wanted to litter in the entrance. To save people's labor, a dense metal door was first developed. Such a door allowed to keep order, but became inconvenient for guests. Since the guest does not have a key, the owner of the apartment must go down and open the lock on the entrance door. This is not difficult to do if a person lives on the first, second or third floor, but if it is the fifth, sixth or ninth floor (and sometimes even higher), then such a door becomes a problem. After long attempts, an example of which is a combination lock, an intercom was created by leading experts.

Video on how to choose the right intercom:

Modern intercom: types

The device is a complex electrical process that is carried out using several blocks and wiring connected to them. The first block is a call block, and the second block is an answer block, which allows you to open the doors to the entrance from any floor without leaving the apartment. In addition, more expensive intercoms contain cameras, so that a person can see who has come to him. Such keys are called video intercoms.

The main types of intercoms:

1. Low subscriber - designed for low-rise buildings (1-2-and sometimes 3-storey buildings) with a small number of apartments;
2. Multi-subscriber - are installed on multi-storey buildings with a large number of apartments. Intercoms of this type can be matrix or digital. There is one minus - when installing such an intercom, you need to stretch an additional cable;
3. Audio intercoms - allow you to talk with a guest, like on the phone;
4. Video intercoms - allow not only to communicate with the guest, but also to see him on a small screen, which makes this type the most popular these days;
5. Intercom at the gate - allows residents of private sectors to open the gate without leaving their home.

How to use the intercom?

Every day more and more people install intercoms and video intercoms for their entrances, but not everyone can use them correctly. Therefore, we will consider how to use this device.

So, the most common and easiest way to open the device from the outside is to attach the key to the code reading indicator. Each tenant in the house has such keys. Each key contains a chip capable of opening the door. The key looks quite simple and consists of a metal tablet with a diameter of 16 mm and a curved holder.

The second way to open the device from the outside is with special cards. The card looks like a credit card, so it's easy to carry around. There is a card slot on the device near the sensor. Therefore, to open the door, you just need to swipe the card over the connector.

In addition, various key fobs have been developed that are able to open the door at a distance of 2 cm from the indicator. Such keys contain an antenna specially built into the key fob.

Now let's move on to the main ways to open the door when the owner is in the apartment.

When installing a conventional intercom in an apartment, a handset is mounted that rings in the same way as a regular landline phone. To do this, the visitor must dial the number of the apartment on the dial, then the handset in the apartment will ring. To open the door, you need to press the button, which is located on the tube. Also, this button can be simply disabled. In this case, no one will bother you.

Video intercoms are fully consistent with the operation of a conventional intercom. The only difference is that such a device contains a video panel. In this case, the tube looks a little different.

In video intercoms, the handset is larger, so you can see the video panel on the side. When a visitor comes, a person sees him on the screen, and this gives him an advantage. In order to let the visitor in, just press the button, as in the first case.

Thus, the metal door in which the intercom is installed is very reliable, so it will keep your entrance clean and warm. But the main thing is that the door with intercom contains a door closer that automatically closes the door after a person enters the entrance. Such a system allows you to protect residents of a multi-storey building from unwanted visitors.

In the event that you have questions regarding the use of an intercom or video intercom, you can seek advice from specialists or read the instruction “All about intercoms”. This will help to consolidate knowledge forever, after which none of the intercoms will cause you any difficulties when using.

At the moment, there are two types of access intercoms used in apartment buildings: digital and coordinate. Their main difference lies in the method of connecting subscriber handsets and calling subscribers, which will be discussed below.

Digital intercoms.

The founder of the creation of digital intercoms was the Polish company Proel (Proel CD-1803, Proel CD-1803, Proel KDC-1805, Proel CD-2000), which in the early 90s released the first such intercoms, first on the internal, and then on the external market. Then the idea of ​​digital intercoms was supported by other manufacturers: mainly Polish companies Laskomex (Laskomex CD-2502, Laskomex KD-3000, Laskomex AO-3000, Laskomex CD-3100), Raikmann (Raikmann CD-1803, Raikmann CD-1903, Raikmann CD-2000, Raikmann CD-2036, Raikmann CD-2064, Raikmann CD-2255, Raikmann Cyty panels), Rainmann (Rainmann CD-2000, Rainmann CD-2503), Keyman (Keyman-Pro-Px, Keyman-Pro-Px ) and some models of Russian intercoms Metacom (Metacom MK-20TM, Metacom MK-2002TM, Metacom MK-2003TM, Metacom MK-2007), RTM (PRO-prox, PRO-tm), etc.

The greatest advantage of digital intercom systems is their ease of installation, savings in electrical wiring and a large number of connected subscriber devices (tubes). Also, call panels for digital intercoms are easily switched between each other, which makes it advisable to use them in multi-entrance buildings. Another plus of digital intercoms is the easy connection of additional tubes. It is enough to set the jumpers inside the tube and connect to the two-wire wire. If the handset does not “talk”, then you need to reverse the polarity and the handset is connected - the neighbors will not suffer from such manipulation.

A big advantage of digital intercoms is also their versatility and interchangeability. For example, if you want to replace the call panel with any other, then you can easily do this regardless of the year of manufacture and manufacturer of such panels. At the same time, you absolutely do not need to worry about replacing or reconnecting tubes, because all models of digital intercoms work according to a single standard. The basis of all digital intercoms is the processor. Since a single two-wire cable is used to connect all handsets of digital intercoms, the main task of the processor is to recognize which handset to address the signal to. Each tube uses a special set of jumpers, which are set for a separate apartment in a unique combination. As a result, each tube receives a unique digital code, thanks to which the processor distinguishes them from each other. In other words, when a subscriber is called, the signal is delivered simultaneously to all intercom handsets, but only the handset whose code matches the called subscriber will respond to it. You can independently and absolutely without problems connect a new intercom digital handset using a combination of jumpers, as shown in the picture below:

The disadvantages of digital intercoms include a certain high cost of tubes. Technically, they are more complex and use a special microcircuit to recognize the signal from the processor. Such handsets are somewhat more expensive than coordinate handsets, but the reason for this is only the marketing strategy of manufacturers, because the element base for the production of any intercom handsets is extremely cheap.

The second, and perhaps the most significant disadvantage of digital intercoms, is the non-isolation of the tubes - they are all simultaneously connected to one two-wire wire. As a result, if at least one subscriber tube shorts out in any apartment (and this happens from time to time), then until such a malfunction is eliminated, the intercom will not work throughout the house. Masters often need to run around the floors well in order to identify the “guilty” handset, for which they do not like digital intercoms. Now this phenomenon is successfully combated by installing special controllers on each floor, but this measure can significantly increase the overall cost of the intercom system.

The third disadvantage of digital intercoms is an easy opportunity to listen to conversations from other apartments - for this you just need to rearrange the corresponding jumpers in the handset. However, you can also listen to coordinate intercoms in the same way, but for this you need to leave the apartment and fasten to the corresponding wires, which is less convenient. The disadvantage, as they say, is more for people of a paranoid warehouse, but you should also be aware of it.

Coordinate intercoms.

The most popular in the post-Soviet space received coordinate (coordinate-matrix) intercoms. These primarily include Cifral (Cyfral CCD-20, Cyfral CCD-2094ts, Cyfral CCD-2094, Cyfral CCD-2094.1), Metacom (Metacom MK-2003), Vizit (Visit BVD-311, Visit BVD-313, Visit BVD-341, Visit N100, Visit BVD-M200), Eltis (Eltis DP300, Eltis DP400, Eltis DP420), etc. The main advantage of coordinate intercoms is the cheapness of their tubes. In addition, a shorted tube is easy to identify in the overall system, for which such intercoms are very fond of installation organizations. It is also believed that coordinate systems are more reliable, but this is more than a controversial statement, since in practice coordinate systems break down just as often. Simply identifying a breakdown in many cases is easier. But these, as they say, are the problems of intercom companies, not residents. This is where the advantages of coordinate-matrix systems end. And then the cons begin.

And the biggest of the minuses is the complexity of installation. In coordinate systems, unlike digital ones, a switch is used instead of a processor, which connects the call unit and handsets throughout the house. There is also a processor in coordinate intercoms, but it performs other functions. Multi-core cables extend from the switch throughout the house, and the switching of apartments occurs not by installing a unique combination of jumpers in each tube, but by connecting the wires CORRECTLY. These problems are especially manifested when intercom systems are installed by not very qualified personnel (and qualified personnel are always sorely lacking), when for several days, or even weeks, they call Petrov, but end up at Ivanov, they call Ivanov , but they get to "Sidorov", and calling to "Sidorov" they get to no one knows where. At the same time, obscene abuse of the above comrades in the intercom panel at such a time is a common thing.

The second significant drawback of coordinate systems is almost zero interchangeability. Often, even the same models use different firmware, and if the call panel is replaced, you will most likely have to change the switch, reconnect wires, etc. For example, just replace a stolen or broken Cyfral CCD-2094.1 panel with the same one, but you will not be able to get a newer CCD-2094.1 - they will have different firmware. And what can we say about models from different manufacturers, where everyone works according to their own internal standards.

The third disadvantage is the difficulty of connecting additional tubes. It is worth confusing (reversing) the wires in one of the tubes and the operation of the intercom system throughout the house is disrupted.

The fourth disadvantage is the need to use a multi-core cable for wiring around the house. The cable, in principle, is inexpensive, but in some cases it greatly disfigures the appearance of the entrance.

The fifth drawback is the inability to connect entrances with a large number of apartments. In general, coordinate intercoms allow you to connect up to 100 apartments. To connect more, you need to use an additional switch. In any case, as a rule, coordinate intercom systems will not be able to serve entrances with more than 200 apartments, which in some cases is not enough.

The sixth minus - if you buy a coordinate intercom, then you are almost 100% guaranteed the wretchedness of the appearance of the entrance. If digital intercoms have recently had a chic design and are able to please the eye, then almost all coordinate matrix intercoms smell “made in the USSR”. Which is not surprising, because almost all coordinate intercoms are made in the post-Soviet space. Unfortunately, our manufacturers still cannot understand that a simple change in appearance will significantly increase the attractiveness of their products to the consumer. In elite houses, it is generally better not to use such intercom panels, since they can not only spoil the appearance of the entrance, but even somewhat lower the social status of the residents living in it.

Which intercom system is better - digital or coordinate?

From the point of view of tenants, I would prefer a digital intercom system. It is more accurate, provides the ability to easily and safely connect tubes, and also has a number of other positive aspects. Yes, intercom handsets are somewhat more expensive on them, but if necessary, you can connect them yourself, without fear of turning off the entire entrance and saving a much larger amount on calling the master. In addition, you can always easily replace the intercom panel with a new elegant one from any manufacturer.

As for service organizations, they prefer coordinate systems because they are much easier to repair. In addition, they have the opportunity to earn extra money on the subsequent connection of new handsets, because due to the complexity of coordinate intercoms, it is much more difficult for residents to connect additional handsets on their own compared to digital intercom systems. Therefore, intercom companies do not particularly ask residents what kind of intercom system to install in their house, but almost always install a coordinate one. In my opinion, it is precisely this circumstance that determines the widest distribution of coordinate-matrix intercoms.

Subdivided into several groups. Their standard classification consists in dividing into and video intercom. The first type, in turn, is subdivided into two more types: individual and multi-apartment. Individual audio intercoms are a system consisting of an audio calling panel and an audio handset. The call panel is usually mounted in the immediate vicinity of the gate, door entry and is equipped with a microphone and speaker. Typically, such systems are classified as for country houses, cottages, estates, summer cottages. - another type of audio intercoms, specializing in the protection and maintenance of residents of apartment buildings, employees of administrative and industrial buildings. By installing one, you will greatly simplify the use of the security and identification system, as it is able to serve several thousand subscribers. On the intercom market, this type is represented by products of the following well-known brands: Vizit, Cyfral, Metacom, Eltis, Marshal, Raikmann, Keyman. In the JSB catalog you can find audio handsets and interface units from these manufacturers. Interface units are required when switching from using audio intercoms to using video intercoms. Thanks to them, an audio handset and a video screen are connected, which allows you to receive an audio signal and video broadcast through only one device. Depending on the characteristics of the display, you can highlight or black and white. The range of JSB video intercom monitors is represented by Commax, Kocom, Kenwei and Falcon eye. The names of screens that can be integrated with an existing system are marked XL or VIZIT. So an ordinary intercom becomes a video intercom - a universal device that is especially popular with the population. Also types of intercoms according to the principle of addressing are divided into coordinate-matrix and digital. Due to the fact that the requirements for safety, stuffing technical equipment is constantly growing, in recent years have appeared. They are intercom systems made to individual orders in connection with the specifics and purpose of their application. Their features are: ergonomics, aesthetics, functionality and uniqueness. Elite devices include and, which is an integral part of the "smart home" and allows you to control the security system remotely using a cell phone. The intercom had to be equipped with high-quality devices with an increased degree of security - everyone knows how poorly the infrastructure is often developed in the private sectors, even in large cities. must be made of vandal-resistant materials, covered with special protective shells that make the outdoor panels practically unaffected by force and mechanical influences from uninvited guests. Searching the Internet for products using the wording gives a certain result, showing others types of intercoms.

It is not so difficult to choose - the range of companies is represented by products of well-known, well-established brands. However, buyers today are quite scrupulous about the procedure for acquiring such devices, setting more and more new tasks for manufacturers. Of course, the first and main function of any intercom is security. Indeed, in recent years, an increasingly urgent requirement for dwellings and developers has become the presence in a house or office of a system that can resist the penetration of unwanted persons. This affects not only the owners of apartment buildings, where it is usually easier to get in, even if there is a working intercom system in the premises, but also the owners of buildings in the private sector. At the same time, it should be understood that the larger the territory of your house, the more objects it contains, the greater the number of different devices and gadgets you can use to ensure comprehensive and reliable control. Usually, an intercom for a private house is not only a device for protecting against unauthorized access by unauthorized people, but also, first of all, a gate or door opening sensor. It allows you to let guests into your territory without leaving your home. This is very convenient when it comes to large summer cottages and plots at a private house. So is your intercom for a private house it is possible and even necessary to equip with the following functionality: the possibility of two-way audio communication between the owner and the visitor; filming and broadcasting what is happening at the gates or doors on a special screen, while it is possible to use several cameras from different positions; support for multiple electric locks - multi-level protection; option to connect multiple audio handsets or free hands. A set of such functions will allow you to install this one too. An intercom with a gsm module will increase the level of protection and comfort. The beauty of this device lies in the possibility of receiving a signal not only by a video intercom, but also by a cell phone of the owner of the house. Being outside his home - at the opposite end of the city or in another country - the owner will always be able to answer the call of a visitor who will think that he is talking to a person inside the building. Among other things, you can, if desired, let your guest in by pressing the agreed button. It is worth noting that for such devices, the sound quality becomes a priority: it should be the best. The call panel must be equipped with all the necessary measures to prevent signal distortion in bad weather conditions or external interference from vandals. Also important for private houses is the possibility of unlimited connection of additional tubes: this is especially necessary in two- or three-story houses. Following all the listed rules and recommendations, having familiarized yourself with the JSB catalog, you will be able to choose the one that suits you intercom for a private house.

Today, many people who strive for comfort and do not want to litter their home with a bunch of gadgets use it. Especially those that can be quite easily integrated with each other, and it’s not bad to save not only in space, but also in cash costs. The bell rang, and you frantically remember from which device among intercoms, mobile and home phones, tablets and other devices such a signal can be heard? To solve this problem, the so-called intercom phone is suitable for you. This device is so versatile and almost indispensable that you will immediately be able to appreciate its advantages. The operation of this device is based on the combination of telephone and intercom functions. Integration is carried out using special subscriber units, or interface devices. They are usually used to interface individual and multi-site coordinate matrix audio intercoms with a city telephone line or apartment phones. On the one hand, the interface device imitates the functioning of an intercom audio handset, and on the other hand, it has a through path to the telephone set. A variety of subscriber devices can be used as a telephone set: standard telephones, faxes, answering machines, office automatic telephone exchanges and others. True, when choosing them, one requirement must be observed - they must have the tone dialing function in DTFM. Also, the tube may be missing. There is no theoretical limit on the number of possible connected external devices, but in practice it comes down to determining the maximum capacitive load on the integrating product. The telephone line and all additional gadgets are connected to the interface device using a regular standard telephone cable. It is worth remembering that when the telephone connection is turned off, the intercom will also stop working, which, being an element of this system, is powered by it. When intercom phone works as an intercom, it occupies the telephone line and is not able to function as a telephone set. If there is no connection to the common intercom line, this gap does not affect the operation of your phone in any way. In certain cases, this subscriber unit can not be connected to the telephone, but a direct current source can be used. The advantages of a telephone intercom and other similar devices combine the so-called companies on the market that have been manufacturing exclusively multifunctional and unique devices for a long time. They are distinguished by quality, reliability, design developed for each individual client, mobility and technicality. Owners of large estates, estates and cottages most often prefer this, albeit an expensive, but completely paying off device. But if you want to save money without sacrificing quality, then you should choose intercom phone.

Installed today by many owners of country and private houses, estates and cottages. They do this not only to secure their homes, but also for the sake of the informational capabilities of this device: the device notifies both the owners of the arrival of guests and the scammers that they have a guarded object in front of them. Intercoms installed on a gate or gate belong to the category of individual devices. Their peculiarity is also determined by the remoteness of the front door and gate. The intercom will allow the owners and household members to save time on walking to the gate and back to find out who is knocking on the door, which is most useful in bad weather or late at night. And if your subscriber device is programmed for the possibility of remote door opening, then by pressing one button you can let the guest into your territory. You can also use not simple intercoms, but with a video function. In any case, the system will consist of several main elements - an outdoor call unit and an internal device for negotiations. The outdoor unit - calling panel - is installed outside, on the gate gate. It is equipped with a call button, loudspeaker and microphone. If you are a happy owner of a video intercom, then also a video camera, to which motion sensors are often attached. Internal device - audio tube or video intercom. The first option is suitable for small premises, and the second - for the protection of large areas with a large number of buildings. It is more convenient, of course, to use a video intercom, as it will allow not only to communicate with the visitor, but also to see him. And this increases the level of security of your home. Video broadcasting is carried out by connecting an external video camera, often with a night vision function, and a display located in the room itself. In connection with this organization of the system, you can choose either black and white. This characteristic is associated with the equipment to which the video signal goes - it can transmit a color or black and white image. The choice of a particular monitor also depends on other indicators: cost, image resolution, size, availability of additional functions, and others. country houses may differ from those that we usually find on the doors of apartment buildings. This is due to the fact that the subscriber of the device is one family, and the fact that the modern consumer has the opportunity to participate in the process of modeling the intercom system and creating its design. Sometimes the opposite happens - such intercoms are simplified. In any case, the owners of small cottages and huge estates should opt for an anti-vandal model of the device. Examples of such devices can be found in the JSB catalog. An excellent addition will be the connection of siren sensors that can scare away even the most persistent thieves. And then even not the most expensive one will be able to keep your house safe and sound. intercom on the gate.

Chooses the main part of the owners of such premises, designed to work in them for a large number of people. In this regard, it makes sense to talk about the need for increased, multi-level protection of a building in which there are constantly numerous groups of employees, visitors, partners, etc. Today, such a device in the office is no longer considered a whim - rather a tool for solving a need. At the same time, the tool is quite versatile and reliable. The purpose of intercoms installed in business centers or office buildings is no different from their work in apartments or private houses. In both cases, an intercom system is used in order to restrict the access of unauthorized persons either to the entire building or to its individual premises, buildings, and offices. Such a device is designed to provide the maximum level of protection for a company or enterprise, their data and the life of employees. A reasonable decision would be to install in the office not a standard audio intercom, but a device with video capabilities - a video intercom. Such an intercom for the office includes a calling panel, thanks to which the visitor can communicate with the company's service personnel. It comes with a subscriber device equipped with a display, speaker, microphone or loudspeaker. All this will allow you to identify the visitor in order to decide whether to let him into the building or leave his appeal unattended. you must select one that supports an unlimited number of additional external devices. This requirement is especially relevant for large business centers that unite diversified firms under their wing. In this case, it is possible to install call panels at each entrance to the building, which will greatly facilitate the possibility of establishing contact with the staff, as well as save money. The use of several video surveillance cameras will allow you to combine intercom and security functions. Depending on the goals pursued, it is possible to integrate the entire security system into one device, or, conversely, to separate and use a personal access control system. To enhance the degree of control, it is possible to use extended or advanced video intercom models. It can be a variant of a free hands intercom, commonly called “hands free”, or a wifi intercom that does not require cabling, which is great for high-rise office buildings. You can consider others by carefully reading the offers on the JSB website, which offers devices from well-known brands. All this will allow the most efficient and high-quality use of labor resources and increase labor productivity. If you really aim to develop your business, attract new partners and professionals, increase income, then you need to create a company image. Its important component is intercom in the office.

Today they are very popular. And there is nothing surprising in this: each of us wants to truly protect our home, and at the same time protect our own life and the lives of our loved ones. At the proper level, it is precisely such intercoms that are not accidentally called elite that are capable of solving these paramount tasks for us. First, these technically advanced devices for private homes and office buildings are able to provide comprehensive access control and security. They have an increased degree of protection against influences of any nature: mechanical, electrical, chemical, thermal and others. It can be said that it is impossible to damage or break them - the elements of elite intercoms are made of first-class vandal-resistant materials, which, among other things, are moisture and frost resistant. The second and no less attractive feature of such an intercom is the individualization of the system. This means that the specialists, having familiarized themselves with all your recommendations, the layout of the premises, will develop a personal home protection system for you. In connection with this fact, the level of protection rises sharply: after all, no one except the owners will know the nuances of all the work. In our computerized age, the factor of aesthetics is also becoming important. Elite-class intercom models are characterized by unsurpassed design, unexpected interior solutions, which often hide the true possibilities of the decor element. Well thought out not only technically, but also aesthetically, such an intercom system will become a full part of your home without causing you any trouble. characterized by more than advanced functionality. Real high-quality intercoms differ from ordinary ones in that they can surprise a person experienced in various devices. They are usually equipped with the latest technology: high-quality professional cameras with night vision, screens with a high resolution of the broadcast image, panels made of vandal-resistant material with touch controls and a display that shows the input data, as well as a fingerprint reader or voice recognition. The presence of connectors for external memory cards allows you to record and save video files. It is possible to fully use the answering machine function or call forwarding to the owner's cell phone - both audio and video. Remote opening of the intercom lock using a set of a specific cipher is also used in elite systems, but managed to prove itself even when they were used. Wireless technology for connecting and connecting the call panel and with device blocks has long been used by engineers and other specialists involved in the development of first-class intercoms. The choice of such models is currently quite wide, so consumers can easily find the ones that suit them. elite intercoms.

An example of the latest innovations in the field of intercom systems. Such a name, of course, does not indicate the color of the model case. It suggests that we have a modern device that provides its owners with the maximum level of protection and comfort. All this is possible due to the fact that a display is connected to a standard intercom, consisting of a calling panel, an electric lock and an audio tube. The presence of a screen allows us to classify this security system as one of the best and most reliable. Modern developers and supply markets offer a wide range of such video intercoms. In the JSB catalog, they are represented by companies with a worldwide calling in the field of security: Commax, Flacon Eye, J-Phone, Kenwei, Laskomex and Kocom. Prices for such devices depend on manufacturers, screen diagonal, type of intercoms - free hands or audio handset, availability of a gsm module, coordinate or digital method of connecting to an access intercom and other parameters. It is possible to classify these devices by color: black-and-white and color. divided in turn into models with PAL or NTSC color systems. Their predecessors were ordinary black-and-white intercoms, which some time later significantly pushed the color ones off the shelves of the store, meeting the requirements of the modern consumer. However, today sellers can offer you both devices. The main advantage of a black and white display is its price - it is 2-3 times less than the cost of a color intercom. And if you equip it with infrared illumination, the device will become sensitive even to night shooting, with a sufficiently high resolution. The main plus of color monitors is the ability to broadcast a video image in color, which provides an increased level of protection for your home. In this regard, it is more advisable to buy larger LCD displays. Options for connecting additional devices to video intercoms are different: from one to four calling panels and up to two video cameras. Thus, you will reduce the possibility of becoming a victim of scammers to a minimum. The communication and video recording modes that most of these intercoms are equipped with will allow you to track the visits of different people. And the built-in memory of the device is capable of storing up to two hundred frames. This condition is most important for office and industrial premises. But it will not become superfluous for residential buildings in which they are installed, uniting all residents with a single security system. In addition, at present, the prices for color intercoms are decreasing, therefore, they are becoming more affordable and the demand for them is growing. This is beneficial not only for manufacturers and suppliers, but also for consumers themselves, who get the opportunity to purchase a device at moderately high prices that allows them to increase the level of security of their homes. Combine comfort and safety color intercom.

One of the most popular query options in Internet search engines. However, such a wording can hardly satisfy the user's desire to find comprehensive, and most importantly, reliable information about intercoms and their variations. And this is not at all accidental. There are various classifications of intercoms, and it is not always possible to see the differences between certain types using a photograph or diagram. The basic principle of dividing intercoms is based on the equipment used. Allocate audio intercoms and video intercoms. All of them are devices, the kits of which include a calling panel, an electric lock, a subscriber device and a power supply. The subscriber device of the first type of intercoms is capable of receiving and transmitting only sound signals. This is the distinguishing feature of an audio intercom from a video intercom, the subscriber device of which is equipped with a video screen. Through the display, which can be black and white or color, touch or push-button, of various designs, video broadcasting is carried out and the owner not only hears, but also sees his visitor. Audio intercoms are multi-apartment and individual. When using a multi-subscriber device, each apartment in a residential building has its own handset, through which dialing is carried out. An individual intercom is the use of the system in private houses, cottages, estates. That is, the user of such an intercom is one person. By type of work types of intercoms photo divided into coordinate-matrix and digital. Digital systems show themselves to be the simplest in the installation process. When they are installed, only one wire is connected to the building, which is subsequently wired separately to the apartments. The installation of analog intercoms has its own specifics: your installer will have to lead to the last floor not a two-wire wire, but a cable consisting of a number of wires equal to the number of apartments. In this regard, difficulties may arise during the work - for example, the absence or overcrowding of embedded channels in the walls. At present, with the development of technology, other types of intercoms have arisen. For example, a wifi intercom that allows you to use a wireless device and control it not only in a standard way, but also using a mobile phone, tablet or computer. Hands free intercom - a device that lacks an audio tube, but has a loudspeaker function. Today, such a type of device as is gaining popularity. The principle of its operation is to interface audio or video intercoms with a city telephone line and with residential telephones. Of course, these are not all modern adapters and sensors for intercom systems. Widely known are such types as ip intercom and radio intercom, often included in the "Smart Home" system. You can find information about them by entering a query in the search engine types of intercoms photo.

Represents the most simple and easy-to-use device that ensures the security of residential and office premises. If you do not have the opportunity to purchase expensive equipment, but you want to protect your home with high-quality devices, then this intercom option will be the best solution. This device is the simplest two-way intercom. Its usual elements are a calling panel, a subscriber device and an electric lock. The call panel is usually mounted at the door entrance or on the gate and has a call button, key reader, speaker and microphone. It is advisable to purchase this component of the intercom system, made of durable, vandal-resistant materials. Various protective pads for outdoor panels are made of heavy-duty plastic or metal. These devices, depending on the method of installation, can be overhead or mortise. The JSB product catalog contains both types of panels from different manufacturers. Audio handsets are an intercom that can perform various functions. In addition to the standard conversation between the owner and the visitor, the subscriber device can also act as a remote control for opening the electric lock. These devices in the list of JSB products are represented by world famous brands Vizit, Cyfral, Metacom, Eltis, Marshal, Keyman and Raikmann. All of them are characterized by high performance and durability. must be equipped with a reliable electric lock, without which the protection system will not fulfill its main purpose. There are several types of electric locks: magnetic and electromechanical, as one of their subspecies is an electric latch. All of them, like calling panels, can be mortise or overhead. If necessary, you can use a system of several locks of different types. It is worth paying attention to this option, since thanks to it, uninterrupted operation of the intercom in various situations is possible. The connection of the handset and the calling panel is carried out using a conventional wire. When a visitor presses the call button, the owner, who is in the apartment, hears a programmed melody that notifies him of this. It is convenient to use such a country house or cottage, because it, in fact, replaces the standard electric bell. And this means that you do not need to leave the house every time to knock on the door and be distracted from your usual activities. Thus, the intercom performs an informing function. Being quite cheap, the audio intercom is an excellent security solution for both small houses and two- and three-story buildings. A more expensive option would be a wireless intercom using wifi or radio communication. Depending on the premises where they plan to use this or that device, you can choose an individual or multi-apartment audio intercom.

They are a two-way intercom, primarily intended for installation in apartment buildings, industrial premises, offices. That is, where it is necessary to organize communication between a large number of subscribers and visitors. Two-way communication can be carried out both with the help of only audio devices, and with the possibility of transmitting a video signal. In this regard, we can say that these intercoms are of two types: audio and video intercoms. The standard devices of any multi-apartment intercom are an outdoor panel, which must have a case with anti-vandal protection, keyboard backlight and, of course, a call button and a key reader; locking device, preferably with protection against selection of codes; lock controller and a button that allows you to open the door from the inside; an audio tube or video panel located in an apartment or other room. Also, these devices are supplied with a door closer, a power supply for an electric lock - an electromechanical, electromagnetic or electric latch. The presence of such a complex device at home or in the office allows you to talk with the visitor and even see him without leaving the premises. To call the owner, the guest dials the number of his apartment on the call panel, and the owner answers him and already then decides whether to open the door for him or not. You can also open the door remotely - by pressing a special button on your subscriber device. It will not be difficult for the owner himself to get into the entrance room, and then into his home - he has his personal key, into which an individual code is sewn. have a number of advantages. Such devices are easy to integrate with similar ones in order to control a large number of entrances and doors of residential and administrative complexes. When using a multi-apartment intercom, up to 60 thousand subscribers can be combined into a single system. If there is a need to carry out intersubscriber communication, it is always possible to supplement the device with a distribution block. This option is popular in cottage-type settlements and business centers. Multi-subscriber intercoms have long been known on the market and are very popular among the population due to their reliability and availability. Stable operation is ensured by such devices even in harsh climatic conditions, which is most important for our country. Neither forty-degree frosts, nor uninterrupted downpours for the operation of the intercom are a hindrance. Cleanliness and comfort in the halls of office buildings, entrances of high-rise buildings is the main and main advantage for most users of such systems. Today, experts recommend installing several lines of protection: a hidden video door peephole and a calling panel on the landing. Manufacturers and stores provide customers with a wide range of home security devices to choose from, a good example of this are multi-subscriber intercoms.

Today it is not a novelty - everyone has long been accustomed to it and knows how to use it. However, such a seemingly simple device requires a certain attitude towards itself, it must also have a number of certain characteristics. The calling panel, or, is installed on the outside of the entrance door or gate. Natural in connection with this fact is the requirement for anti-vandal protection, which can be performed using an anti-corrosion coating. To protect microcircuits from condensate and dust, the electric boards of the lock and the call panel must be coated with varnish or any moisture-repellent agent. A simple visor, placed above the device itself and designed to protect the calling panel and a possibly installed video camera from snow, rain, and dirt, will not interfere either. The operating temperature range should be between -40 and +40 C° on average. So that the sound transmitted through the call unit to the subscriber device in the apartment does not disappear or break off, it is important to choose a model that would be equipped with loudspeakers with a latex diffuser and a high-quality electronic microphone. For call panels of a push-button type, an important parameter is the ergonomics of the keyboard - that is, the ease of pressing the buttons without applying additional force and their size for ease of use by visually impaired people, as well as typing with gloves or mittens. In this case, the time between failures of the panel must be at least one million cycles. An intercom that is resistant to an unstable power source can be an excellent option for the street. Availability of a warranty card with instructions for installation and operation, as well as the ability to promptly restore the functioning of the system are among the most important requirements for such a device as intercom street. And this is understandable - the device belongs to the category of intensive use systems, the standard operating life of which should not be less than five years. In this regard, even the slightest malfunctions and failures must be eliminated immediately, which will allow you to use your intercom system for longer than the declared period. A standard outdoor device does not have a built-in video camera, but it is required to provide a higher level of protection. To do this, it is necessary to purchase a video intercom, which will allow residents to significantly reduce the penetration of unwanted persons into private territory. With a conventional intercom, the owner of the apartment can only hear the visitor's voice, and will see it only when the guest is directly in front of his door. With a video intercom, the owner will see the visitor even before he enters the building itself. But modern technologies have gone further, and now we have the opportunity to choose a wireless outdoor intercom that is most suitable for large construction projects, country house territories. If you are really concerned about your own safety and are looking for a reliable solution to the problem, then you need intercom street.

Intercoms are firmly entrenched in people's lives. They are mounted not only in apartment buildings, but also in the private sector, office space and various enterprises. Intercom systems are used to ensure the security of certain secret premises. Everyone probably remembers films where the retina or fingerprint is used as an identifier.

Varieties of intercoms

You can talk about the intercom system for an arbitrarily long time, presenting various arguments about the reliability of one or another. Intercoms are divided into subspecies in several directions. Here are some ways of dividing into types of these devices.

Intercom protects from unwanted persons and warns about guests

By number of users

Devices are distinguished depending on how many subscribers connect to the common system. These can be devices for apartment buildings with several handsets for each floor or office space, or an individual intercom for one subscriber.

The number of subscribers affects some aspects in connecting and transmitting information from the call panel. The external panels themselves differ in these devices. The calling panel is the main device of the intercom. With the help of it, you enter the entrance door or the house, call the necessary subscriber and program some functions through the service menu. For example, enabling or disabling the ability to call a particular subscriber, entering a door key into the microcontroller base. Instructions for performing these operations depend on the device model.

It should be noted that the body of the outer panel must be resistant to precipitation, temperature changes and mechanical stress. So, for example, the anti-vandal housing will protect against the actions of unreliable visitors.

So, for apartment buildings, the call panel is presented in the form of a mini-keyboard with keys from 0 to 9 and a pair of function buttons for calling and resetting. The apartment is called by entering its number and pressing the call button. All actions are displayed on the monitor.

Devices connected by several handsets, usually no more than twelve, are equipped with a call panel with a separate call button for each subscriber. These keys are signed either by the apartment number, the names of the owners or the names of institutions. To call the desired subscriber, you need to press the appropriate call button. Call panels for one subscriber have the same structure.

It turns out that the intercom is installed on several doors or on the whole house. It is also possible to mount a separate system in addition to the general one.

Audio or video intercoms?

Everyone knows these devices for their use in apartment buildings. It's convenient. You come to visit, dial the apartment number of your friends at the entrance door, they answer, and after talking on the phone type, you get access to this door. This is a classic - audio intercoms. They allow two-way voice communication.

But there are also video intercoms, which, in addition to sound, enable the hosts to watch the guest on the monitor using a video camera. Such models of intercoms are equipped with a video camera on the calling panel; an additional intercom on the floor with a video camera can also be installed.

Such devices work not only with one camera. There may be several. For example, an intercom for 4 cameras will allow you to better control the perimeter of the summer cottage and the door from all sides, broadcasting all the pictures on the monitor at the same time.

The picture can be either black and white or color. A color intercom will cost more, because the picture in color is clearer. An intercom that transmits a black and white signal from the camera is more than sufficient, because with a high resolution of the camera and monitor, the picture will be no worse than color.

Has this smart intercom and the ability to remember visitors and the time of their visit. Some models are equipped with the function of recording a video message from the visitor to the owner.

Intercoms are universal devices. They are paired not only with surveillance cameras. Modern models can be connected to a general area lighting control system or to a garage door lock.

Devices that allow you to establish not only audio communication, but also have the ability to broadcast video, can be performed in the spirit of modernity. So, the touch video intercom has a user-friendly interface. And the appearance of the device will decorate the interior of any apartment. Push-button devices undergo mechanical damage, besides, they are obsolete.

Wiring diagram

The intercom system depends on many components. These are the quality and speed of the call panel, the volume of the speakers and the resolution of the video from the cameras, the remote control of the electromagnetic lock, the way the signal is transmitted from the external panel to the tubes. All of these aspects are important. They usually evaluate the quality of the device.

When the intercom system is functioning properly, no one questions its structure. As soon as it stopped working, you need to understand how the intercom works. This will help to make a schematic diagram of connecting a digital or coordinate intercom.

The digital connection scheme is characterized by the dependence of all tubes on each other. If one of the subscriber handsets fails, the entire system will cease to function. For such, the maximum number of subscribers is 255. All tubes are connected in series, one after another.

Attention! When connecting, the polarity of the wires must be maintained, regardless of the type of connection, otherwise the system will not work.

Analog allows you to connect 80 subscribers to one system. The tubes are connected in parallel, so there is no problem of dependence of the functioning of the system on one component.

Types of intercom keys

Opening the electric lock can be carried out by different types of keys. Distinguish according to the method of reading contact and non-contact.

The contact type of the key is in the form of a tablet. The electric lock is activated when the key is applied to the reader. In the case, the identifier has a cipher. It checks against the cipher database in the microcontroller. If there are matches, then the key to this lock.

A contactless key is made in the form of a card with a magnetic stripe or a key fob. Contactless identifiers are more reliable than contact ones. The former are often found in hotels. The lock is activated when the card is held near the reader, and the key fob operates on the principle of signal transmission over the radio channel.

Regardless of the type of identifier, it can fail, for such cases you need to have spare keys.

The key must open something. What are the locks for these devices? An electric lock working on the action of a magnet or an electromechanical lock can be installed. An electromagnetic lock is more reliable, because it does not provide the possibility of mechanical hacking with the help of master keys. And the large clamping force of the magnet, up to 1000 kg, holds the door firmly.

These are not all ways to classify intercoms by type. They can be divided according to how the signal is transmitted from the call panel: by wire or by radio. Most often, a particular device is characterized by the manufacturer. There are many on the market. Popular brands are Vizit and Cyfral.

There are many devices of different quality, equipped with various functions. To choose a good product, you need to understand all aspects. This video will help with recommendations for choosing.

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If your doorbell rings and you don't know who is there, then you haven't installed an intercom. The need for security is the eternal companion of man. Previously, ditches were dug around the dwelling and palisades were erected, now there are less labor-intensive, but more advanced methods.

Installing an intercom in an apartment building is a great way to keep the entrance clean and protect yourself from intruders.

Why is there an intercom in the entrance

Convenient and easy to use intercom. Virtues this device lots of:

• Only those who have the key can enter the entrance. In addition to residents, only the postman will have such a key. It is impossible to make it in any workshop;
• the entrance is protected from stray animals, the homeless and companies that have come to warm themselves;
• the door closes automatically - in winter the entrance will be warm;
• the possibility of robbery is significantly reduced;
• if you are not in the mood to receive guests, then the intercom call can be easily turned off. No one will disturb by knocking on the door, since they will not be able to enter the entrance;
• if you suddenly forgot the key, then you can call the neighbors on the intercom and ask them to open the door - this will not be difficult for either you or them.

What are intercoms

If the decision to install is made, it's time to decide on the choice of device.

Intercoms are improving every day. The most complex devices with a large number of functions are installed on an apartment building. For example, appeared.

The simplest ones allow you to use audio communication and / or video communication of the calling unit at the entrance. It must be connected to the entrance door.

In addition to these functions, you can install security and fire systems or the Ministry of Emergency Situations; establish communication with the call panel of the emergency service, emergency rescue service, police and ambulance, dispatcher, etc.

According to the type of communication, audio intercoms and video intercoms are distinguished. The difference is that in addition to voice communication with the visitor, the video intercom will allow you to see the one who came. It is also possible to connect a face reading and monitoring system to it. Such a device greatly increases safety. The only disadvantage of the video intercom is its high cost. An audio intercom for apartment buildings is a more affordable option.

According to the switching system, digital and coordinate intercoms are distinguished. The difference between them is that coordinate intercoms use a stranded wire (16-24) to connect the call panel to the intercom in the apartment, and a two-wire wire in a digital intercom.

The quality of communication is practically the same. Digital intercoms are more expensive about a third, although their wire is much cheaper. If there are more than 160 apartments in the entrance, then you can install a digital version, and if there are few apartments, then of course it is more expedient to install a coordinating intercom.

Popular manufacturing companies

On the market, digital intercoms are represented by manufacturers such as Raikmann. Another Polish company, practically a copy of Raikmann, is Lascomex. There are also domestic companies that are engaged in the production of digital intercoms: Keyman, Filmman, Marshal and others.

As for the coordinate devices, the most popular are the intercoms of the Vizit, Cyfral, Eltis brands.
It should be noted that almost all digital intercoms are interoperable. Coordinating intercoms are not so easy to replace.
It is also worth mentioning some more leading companies in the intercom market:

• Commax is a Korean company with a long history. Produces high quality security products. Including first-class video and audio intercoms.
• "Atis" is a Chinese company, one of the leading manufacturers in the field of world-class security devices. Offers excellent video intercoms.

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• Excellent consumer reviews earned the products of another Chinese company Viatek. The company offers a wide range of color, black and white video intercoms.
• Gardi- Russian manufacturer of intercoms of modern design and European quality.

There are a huge number of offers to choose from. It is very easy to choose an intercom system for the price, appearance and configuration.

• Kenwei is a Chinese company that specializes in the production of professional security systems. Produces high quality intercoms.
• Kocom- Korean intercom systems. Simple and very reliable. Reviews about the products of this brand are the most positive.
• "Slinex"- Hong Kong brand of intercoms. Excellent design and quality systems.

What is the device made of?

The audio intercom system consists of:

• Intercom call block. Mounted on the front door. It contains a digital panel for dialing the apartment number, a display for displaying the apartment number, as well as a reader for a key or chip.
• Subscriber device- a tube located in the apartment. It usually has a button to open the door and a button to turn on / off the sound.

The video intercom device is slightly different: on the subscriber device placed display- color or black and white, and on the calling panel - a video camera.

A door closer, an automatic locking device, a set of keys for subscribers, a cable and a switching device are also needed for the full operation of the intercom system.

Installation process

The device installation algorithm is as follows:

1. Cable laying and installation of switching units. There are several options for laying the cable: along cable interfloor risers (such risers are usually found in multi-storey buildings - other wires are already laid in them) or along the walls in the entrance under special protective boxes. Switching units are most often installed on each floor and must always be properly sealed.

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2. Access door installation. Usually they put metal doors, but it happens that they also install wooden doors upholstered with clapboard. An AZU is installed on the door.
3. Fixing the doorphone call panel on the entrance door. Connecting the electronics unit.
4. Installation of a subscriber device in each apartment entrance. Cable switching.
5. Debugging intercom system.
6. Installing the power supply and powering the system.

Organizational and legal issues for installation

Question about installing an intercom on the entrance door of an apartment building decided at a meeting of homeowners. A decision will be considered legal if it will accept 51% of residents. If the housing belongs to one owner, then the decision to install the system is made by him. The issue of paying for the installation and operation of the intercom is also resolved.

If there are residents who oppose the installation of an intercom, but they are not the majority of the voters, then make them pay for the intercom system will not work. It is also impossible not to give out keys to such tenants, since in this case the right of the owner will be infringed. After installing the intercom system, the technical maintenance of the equipment falls on the homeowners.

If you want to install the intercom yourself, then we hope that the video will help with this.

To the entry "How to choose an access intercom" 4 comments

An intercom is the most necessary thing to protect your home. Of course, there are many hacking techniques, and different ways of deception, of course there are disadvantages, there is an article about them.
But, nevertheless, the door is closed and this is already protection. We live in a five-story building, there are few apartments, and different tenants financially. There were a lot of meetings and gatherings. Basically, grandmothers did not want it, as they consider it unnecessary and inconvenient. They tried to make a rotational method at the entrance. As a result, we came to the same opinion that it is better to raise money and install an intercom. We have been using it for almost two years, there were different cases, and the owners lost the keys through the neighbors called, but the intercom performs excellent protection. We have the simplest option with audio communication, the door automatically closes itself according to the principle as described in this article
Very convenient and efficient, all residents are used to and are very pleased with the protection device.

I really liked the article! There were doubts about the resistance of this equipment against the actions of vandals ... It would be nice to know such characteristics from manufacturers and installers. I would not want such equipment to be very conspicuous and attract this category! The question is very relevant for me personally!

I think that the simplest intercom is suitable for the entrance, without video, since the second option is too expensive and few people will agree to it, and there will still be those who will sneak into the entrance by cunning, so I would suggest that it’s better to buy the simplest one, which it would just be determined by voice and that's it, and the bells and whistles for the intercom, which will be located in the entrance, are not needed, as for me, but here the residents themselves will decide whether someone needs a video, someone does not need it, it will be impossible to please everyone in any case.

Unfortunately, intercom protection is now weakening and every second person will be able to make himself a universal key and get into almost any entrance. Although, the latest models have additional security systems and it will be more difficult to find a key for them. Well, there is also the easiest way to get into any entrance without a key (which, sorry, I used it myself) to call the first apartment that came across and say that I am your neighbor and forgot the key. In 90% of cases, good tenants open their doors to no one knows.

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