Radiant heating system for a private house

The market offers an endless array of heating technologies for those who decide to heat their homes. But the main elements of all systems are the boiler, pipes and heaters that produce space heating.

There are many options for piping connections. Some people prefer a radial (fan) heating system.

Features of beam wiring

All heating systems are produced with one purpose - to heat the room, that is, to restore the heat that is lacking in the house due to the temperature difference inside and outside (on the street).

There are only two options for combining all heating devices:

1. Trinity connection.
2. Beam wiring of the heating system (collector connection). In this case, a separate pair of pipes is connected to each device with the help of a collector for direct and reverse supply of the heat carrier.

The first version of the pipeline system is budgetary. However, due to the special connection of pipes and connection to one riser, if it is necessary to install a battery or a separate section, the system will have to be turned off entirely and the liquid drained.

Of course, you can also buy stop valves, but the installation will cost much more.

As a rule, the classical distribution of the pipeline around the perimeter is open. Fan heating systems are mainly located in the walls or in the floor, because many pipes lying on the structure do not look very attractive in the interior.

Concealed installation looks good in any room. After all, only heating batteries remain in sight.

The collector-beam heating system is not cheap compared to the perimeter device of the system. However, the advantage of this installation is that the warm liquid will spread to all points at once and evenly heat the rooms.

Collector heating system at home

Pros and cons of a collector heating system

You need to get acquainted with all the advantages and disadvantages of this heating system in advance.

Disadvantages of fan-shaped piping:

1. There is only one strong argument against - the beam system has many elements in its design. including pipes. In addition, it uses a lot of connecting elements.
2. A large number of parts in this system can result in high repair costs. A classic heating system costs less and is cheaper to repair.

It is required to take a very responsible approach to connecting all heating devices of the fan circuit, because errors can cause frequent breakdowns of the system as a whole.

Against the background of the advantages of a radiant heating system, the disadvantages lose their weight. Indeed, in the shortest possible time, a well-mounted system will definitely pay for its installation. In addition, it has many useful features.

Advantages:

1. The fan system allows you to establish heating separately in each room. Thus, the heat in the premises will be distributed more efficiently, and energy carriers will be saved.
2. When installing a radiant heating system, you have access to pipe connections, you can identify and fix problems in time.
3. The pipes of a classic heating system are quite difficult to hide. With fan-shaped wiring, the pipes are hidden in the walls or in the field. If the installation is of high quality and correct, then the elements will not be visible to the eye.

A correctly designed scheme of a radiant heating system makes it possible to rationally distribute heat over all areas of the house.

How to make fan wiring

The collector is the most important element of the system under consideration. When it is planned to organize a fan heating system in a two-story house, the collector must be installed on all floors. Collectors are hidden in a special closet. In the future, they will be easy to maintain or adjust if necessary.

The number of connections is reduced to a minimum, which has a good effect on the hydraulic stability of the entire heating system.

The boiler is the heart of the whole system. To efficiency always strived for the maximum indicator, it is required to take into account the power of the boiler equipment, the consumption of heat energy by heating devices and the heat losses of the system. This applies to all boilers, no matter what type of fuel they operate on.

Some of the heat can be lost with a large length of the pipeline system, which must also be remembered.

Circulation pump selection

Beam piping is usually used in horizontal type systems with a bottom supply of heat carrier. It requires a pump that stimulates the circulation of warm liquid through all branches.

Circulation pump equalizes the temperature readings at the inlet and outlet of the heating circuit. Thus, the quality of heating is improved. The system becomes more compact and less material intensive.

The pump is selected based on performance, as well as head height.

For the correct choice of the circulation device in connection with these characteristics, it is necessary to know the diameter of the pipes, their length and distance from the pump itself. It is necessary to calculate these indicators already at the stage of drafting the project.

How to install the pump

To achieve maximum efficiency and quality heating, the following must be taken into account:

1. Glandless pumps are mounted with the shaft horizontal.
2. The equipment is usually installed on the return line of the pipeline system, since the temperatures are lower there. Newer devices can also be installed on the supply circuit, they are not afraid of high temperatures.
3. Should be as close as possible to the expansion tank.
4. The thermostatic pump must be kept away from hot objects.
5. The heating circuit must be equipped with a de-airing device. In the absence of it, the circulation pump is bought with air vent.
6. To remove solids before installation, experts advise flushing the system.
7. Before starting the pump, it is worth filling the system with coolant.

In order to avoid noise, it is worth selecting circulating equipment based on the performance of the heating system.

Many are interested in the question of whether it is possible to do without a pump, sensors and air vents. The answer is yes. However, it will be necessary to organize some conditions, because the circulation of the coolant will be natural.

A small cottage or other small facility may be optimally suited for a system with natural fluid circulation. However, no matter which version of the heating system is chosen, everything should be thought out at the stage of drafting the project.

Distribution header selection

It is also called a comb. It is necessary for supplying liquid to underfloor heating, batteries, convectors, etc. With the help of it, an outflow is carried out along the return circuit, from where the liquid is then sent to the boiler or mixed again in the circuit for temperature adjustment. The collector copes with a maximum of twelve branches.

As a rule, combs have redundant locking-regulating and temperature-regulating elements. With the help of them, it is possible to adjust the rational flow of the heat carrier for all heating circuits. The presence of air blowers can guarantee the quality and stability of the system.

Mounting Features

Laying pipes of a hidden type implies the mandatory organization of thermal insulation. Heating elements can be heated up to +90 ° C, which can have a bad effect on both the screed and the wooden elements. You just need a heat-insulating material that restrains the speed heat transfer so that the heat has time to be distributed by the system. The market offers special polyethylene casings for concealed laying of pipelines.

To mount, you will need certain skills. The quality of the prepared pipe (its end with a calibrator) is very important for a tight connection with a fitting. Usually they use reliable compression fittings, connections of branches with fittings on heating batteries and collectors are not made collapsible.

Preparing for installation

Before you start all installation work, you should correctly select all the required elements and consider the location of the devices, including the following:

1. Decide on the place of installation of heating batteries.
2. Choose the type of radiators in connection with the pressure indicators and the type of heat carrier. Calculate the required number of sections or the area of ​​panel heaters so that there is enough heat to heat all rooms.
3. Draw a diagram of heating radiators and laying pipes. Do not forget about other heating elements (boiler, pump and collectors).
4. Write down all the necessary elements on paper, and stock up. In order to be sure of the calculations, you can consult with a specialist.

Installation of a radiant heating system

Initially, radiators are installed in each room. Their location on the same level is checked with a level. The power of the devices is calculated based on heat loss. On heating batteries they put plugs, thermostatic head connection points, taps (transition fittings for metal-plastic are connected to them).

Collector box installed. As a rule, simple and cheap distributors are selected, equipped with ball valves with 16 mm outlets and ¾ connections. American women are mounted on the collector.

You can connect the collector device to the boiler (to the tees of the line from the boiler) hidden under the floor or along the walls. Then the collector is connected with a supply and return of 16 mm to all heating devices.

Radiation system and underfloor heating

Fan wiring has the same principle as a water heated floor. Theoretically, a warm floor can be connected with batteries through one comb. This option is suitable in cases where you want to make warm floors in certain rooms, and install batteries in others.

When planning fan distribution with underfloor heating, remember that the system will work, however, floor heating is a low temperature system and radiators require high temperatures.

When nothing can be done to adjust the temperature, then there are two options: either with warm floors in the room you will be stuffy, or with batteries it will be cold. Remember this.

I must say about another plus of the collector heating system - a comfortable warm floor. This is because when fan-shaped wiring is installed, the distributors are placed near the risers or the center of the room. For all that, the pipes from the distributor to the batteries most often pass along the corridors, entering the premises through the door openings.

Pipelines are insulated with a material in one layer. However, most craftsmen know that 6-9 mm thermal insulation transmits up to 30% of heat.

Therefore, in places where the radiant heating system passes, the floors are not cool, but warm. The benefit is twofold: a reliable heating system without joints and optimally warm underfloor heating.

In a wooden house

To lay the pipeline in a wooden base, you need to make holes in the wooden floor beams. With all the holes, you need to make a little more than the diameter of the pipes in order to exclude the pressure of the beam on the structure.

It is required to securely fix the pipes in wooden floors, but not to create pressure.

Connections should be above the floor covering, they should not be in the thickness of the floor.

Frequently asked Questions

• Q: What pipe diameter is better?
  Answer: as practice shows, the 16th pipe diameter is enough to install the fan system. Rarely use a larger size.
• Question: Is it possible to have a radiant heating system for a private house with two floors?
  Answer: of course. Wiring can be arranged in a three- and four-story house. It is only important to put a separate collector on each floor.
• Question: is fan wiring possible in the apartment?
  Answer: it's real. Most likely, this cannot be done directly from the combined heat and power plant. But if you have your own heating system, or if you connect to the combined heat and power plant through a heat exchanger, then everything will work.

If we consider the radiant heating system at home in more detail, we can highlight even more of its advantages than mentioned above. Analyzing them, you can close your eyes to the shortcomings. Of course, an efficient system with high performance simply cannot be cheap, but its long service life and easy maintenance are trustworthy.

When building houses, it is necessary to think over the functionality of the heating system. It is one of the most expensive during construction, but the comfort and convenience of living for residents in the winter season depends on it. In addition to the cost of the system itself, an important factor in a private home is also the cost of fuel. Traditional heating systems are being replaced by newer ones that require different laying methods. One of these variations is radiant heating. These systems are quite complex and require proper design and installation. Characteristic features, rules, advantages and disadvantages should be considered separately.

Construction scheme

Radial system design

In most modern housing, heating pipes are laid parallel to the walls. But this wiring method is ineffective in large buildings with several tiers. The heat transfer fluid begins to lose energy in a short time, as a result of which the temperature in the rooms that are located next to the boiler room will be higher than in remote ones. To correct this shortcoming and ensure uniform heating, a radiant heating system was invented for a private house.

Heating is significantly different from the traditional tee for most buildings. The main difference is the need to install a collector cabinet in which the necessary circulation equipment is located.

In this design, several separate circuits are created, which are connected in parallel with heating elements: radiators, underfloor heating. Moreover, the distribution of pipes is carried out in the process of overhaul on the floor of the building. Thus, each of the heating elements is filled with coolant from a separate heating circuit, while each radiator will have approximately the same temperature.

Unlike tee wiring, radial wiring requires a significantly larger number of pipes, but fewer connecting components. Therefore, the complexity of their installation is approximately equal. Since parallel wiring is considered more reliable, it is more difficult to make a mistake during execution, leaks and depressurization occur less often.

Pros and cons of the beam system

Like other types of wiring, beam wiring has both a number of advantages and disadvantages. Moreover, before installation, you should familiarize yourself with all the positive and negative sides and features of use. This will avoid difficulties and problems in the future. It's worth starting with the cons.

Cons of the beam system

The main disadvantages of such a wiring diagram include:

1. The need to purchase and lay a significant number of pipes. For each heating element in the house, at least 2 pipes will be required, which must be connected to a single network, connected through a fitting system.
2. A significant number of pipes causes a high complexity of installation. Therefore, when building a house, installing heating is extremely expensive.
3. Beam wiring can be mounted exclusively discreetly. The traditional tee system is usually mounted along the walls, however, due to the large number of inlet and outlet pipes, it is possible to lay the beam only under the floor. An alternative is fixing the pipes in the walls, but this significantly increases the amount of material required and the complexity of the work.
4. Lack of docking modules. When laying pipes, be sure to avoid turns and joints. It is in such areas that most often a breakthrough occurs. And since the repair of beam wiring is significantly complicated due to the need to tear off the floor covering, it is easier to prevent problems.
5. If there are a large number of rooms that require different temperatures, then each of the pipelines must be provided with a separate pump for forced circulation.

Advantages of the beam system

The main advantages include ease of use. A significant amount of equipment is attached to the system in order to manage the heating as simply as possible.

1. Using a manifold cabinet, you can easily control the temperature of each individual radiator. Also, you can easily completely stop the flow of fluid to any of the radiators, without turning off the rest.
2. Each inlet and outlet pipe goes exclusively to one heating element. This makes it possible to use pipes of small diameter. They are easy to mask under the floor covering. And also slightly heat the house.
3. Taking into account the use of hydraulic arrows, which are a container with a large capacity, it is possible to arrange different temperatures in different rooms.
4. Profitability. The energy loss of the coolant during movement is much lower. In addition, the floor is heated, which then transfers heat to the atmosphere.
5. Allows you to effectively distribute heat even in the most remote rooms.

How is the radiation system organized?

The most important element in the organization of such systems is the collector assembly. If it is necessary to carry out wiring on each of the floors, you will need to place one on each of the floors.

Collectors in the process of laying are placed in special cabinets, which provide the ability to regulate the operation of the system. When laying, it is required to ensure a minimum number of pipe joints, which significantly increases the safety and stability of the equipment.

Also, it is required to choose the right heating boiler, taking into account the power, the cost of thermal and electrical energy, the efficiency factor, taking into account the heat losses of the system. Regardless of the type of fuel that the boiler consumes during the heating process, the need for calculation is mandatory.

Forced circulation pump selection rules

The main application of beam schemes of home heating systems is a horizontal arrangement, with a coolant supply from below. To ensure the possibility of functioning, it is required to use a circulation pump, which provides forced circulation of the coolant through the branches of the network.

The use of a pump allows you to significantly reduce the temperature difference between the inlet and outlet of the circuit. As a result, the efficiency of the beam system is significantly increased, providing greater compactness and lower material costs.

The choice of this type of unit is based on several parameters:

• performance;
• thrust height.

To choose the right pump, you need to take into account the width of the pipe clearance, length and height level, relative to the pump itself. All calculations are made in advance.

How to properly install a circulation pump

1. Wet power pack pumps are installed horizontally.
2. The thermostat device must not be brought as close as possible to hot surfaces in order to avoid distorted readings.
3. Installation is usually carried out on the return sections of the system to ensure the normal operation of the system, so as not to exceed the temperature values. A number of modern pumps can also be mounted near the boiler and work without problems at high temperatures.
4. If there is no mechanism for eliminating excess air on the heating circuit, you should definitely choose a pump with the ability to remove gases.
5. It is advisable to mount it as close as possible to the expansion tank.
6. Before installation, it is desirable to clean the system from all solid fractions.
7. Before starting the beam system, it is definitely worth conducting a preliminary test with water.

Is it possible without a pump?

The operation of the system can be ensured without buying and connecting a pump and a number of devices for removing excess air, but it is necessary to ensure that certain conditions are met that are extremely difficult to implement. It is required to choose pipes with a large diameter and mount the expansion tank at the maximum height from the floor.

This method can be used in rooms with small dimensions to ensure sufficient heat in the room. However, the choice between forced or natural water supply is required even in the process of calculations.

Choosing a distribution manifold

This device has a second name - a distribution comb. It received it for its function - the supply of a liquid that conducts heat to each individual heating element, radiators, underfloor heating and others. Also, the coolant is returned to certain holes on the way back, after which the boiler is supplied, or mixed with the contents of the pipes to reduce the temperature.

The number of simultaneously supported pipes reaches 12. In some models, for complex radiant heating systems of a two-story house, their number may be greater. Each manifold includes a ball valve, which allows you to regulate the flow of fluid to each radiator. This is necessary to adjust the amount of coolant that goes through the branches.

Which pipes to choose

There are a number of aspects by which the operational characteristics of the future pipeline are determined. It is worth choosing after you decide where the network will be mounted: under a masking coating or in a cement screed.

In the process of work, it will be necessary to bend the pipes in a certain way, at a non-standard angle. For this reason, it is desirable to use a material with a sufficient degree of flexibility so as not to increase the number of joints. The best option is pipes made of cross-linked polyethylene.

Moreover, the structure must necessarily have a layer of airtight material. Otherwise, the smallest particles of oxygen contained in the coolant may escape. As a result, rusting of the boiler and radiators is observed.

Also, you should pay attention to the following points:

1. With beam wiring, it is not required to use pipes of standard diameter. The optimal clearance is from 24 to 32 millimeters.
2. It is worth choosing products that are sufficiently protected from mechanical damage. Most often they are filled with cement, while it is required to prevent excessive pressure on the network.

This requires checking the integrity and connection of all pipe elements. After that, you can launch. This is required to prevent leakage during operation.

Beam wiring connection diagram

When choosing a scheme, preference is usually given to a floor-by-floor scheme. The network is carried out under a masking covering on the floor. The collector is usually mounted in a pre-prepared niche in the wall. An alternative is a special cabinet.

In most systems, it is required to mount a circulation pump, however, there are options when several of them are not required, or they are mounted alternately on each of the rings. An inlet and outlet container is attached to each element of the system. Then, pipes from the collectors are placed under the cement screed, and then they are connected to the heating element.

It is desirable that the duration of all pipes is approximately equal. Otherwise, it will be necessary to additionally supply the system with a circulation pump and sensors for temperature control. There are two main ways to organize heating: with and without forced circulation. It is worth painting each of them in more detail, with all their inherent features.

Method 1 with forced water circulation

This type of system, which is equipped with pumps for the forced movement of fluid, was previously considered extremely expensive. However, with the advent of cheap and reliable pumps, such heating with pumps has increasingly become used in apartment buildings and private homes.

The most important difference is that the coolant (water or antifreeze) circulates between the heating boiler and radiators not by gravity, temperature and pressure differences, but by using a special pump.

There are a number of positives though:

1. The system can be mounted in a room of any complexity and geometry.
2. You can install beam wiring in rooms with large areas.
3. For laying, pipes of almost any diameter can be used, provided that they are located at right angles.

It is advisable to mount the circulation pump on the back of the pipes going to the distribution manifold in order to prevent overheating of the equipment and an early failure.

Method 2 with natural water circulation

In a system without the use of circulation pumps, the movement of fluid is provided by gravity. The hotter liquid has a lower density, due to which it moves up, then, over time, returns to the collector and batteries, and then to the radiators.

The installation has the following features:

1. During installation, it is required to provide a place for an open-type expansion tank, which must be placed in the highest place. It is required to compensate for the expansion of the coolant due to heating and does not allow the pressure to increase too much.
2. This does not require the purchase and installation of circulation pumps, which reduces the estimate for work.

This type of heating does not require electrical energy, which is convenient for cottages and other country houses.

Beam wiring and underfloor heating

In addition to connecting to radiators, you can use a beam scheme to organize a "warm" floor system. If you draw up a project correctly, taking into account all possible options, you can not purchase radiators, making the floor the basis of heating in the house.

In this case, the heat will be distributed over the entire area of ​​​​the room, without heating some areas, as well as ascending air flows. This results in a reduction in the amount of moving dust.

However, before installing such a system, several factors must be considered:

1. If the floor is made of concrete or wood, then a heat insulator must be placed under the bottom.
2. Then, arrange a set of pipes in the form of a serpentine.
3. Before concreting, it is required to test the system with water at normal pressure for 24 hours.
4. After that, place the screed.

For each of these circuits, it is required to provide a distribution manifold with sensors. To prevent the pipes from being crushed, it is advisable to secure them with fittings or staples.

Options for wooden houses

If it is planned to place such a system on the floor in a wooden house, then it is desirable to provide a number of holes in the wooden floor beams. Moreover, the slots should be slightly larger in diameter than the pipes themselves, in order to prevent additional pressure on the pipeline.

Mounting Features

All such systems are mounted and designed for a specific house, taking into account the dimensions, area, number of rooms and floors, planned coolant, radiator and some other parameters.

However, there are a number of rules that must be observed during installation. The use of a beam system in an apartment building is not permitted. Since the coolant circulates through vertical risers, which unite all rooms into a single network. Due to the connection of several collectors to the system, the liquid will not circulate to the upper floors.

In private homes, you can equip a beam system if you follow these recommendations:

1. To all collectors that circulate the coolant for radiators, it is imperative to install valves that would prevent the formation of plugs.
2. The circuit must be equipped with an expansion tank, with a volume of 10% of the total amount of fluid circulating through the pipes. The best option is to use a membrane tank.
3. The tank is attached to the pipeline, which combines the outlet tank with the heating element.
4. If you plan to attach several pumps, make sure that they are located horizontally. Otherwise, they will break, requiring costly repairs or replacements.

Preparing for installation

Before all work, you need to draw up a project. It is especially important to consider the formation of the drawing. It should be detailed enough, with all calculations and dimensions. If it is impossible to do it yourself, you can attract specialists.

Also required:

1. Select locations for batteries.
2. Select the type of radiators and the number of sections.
3. Make a list of required materials and equipment.

Installation of a radiant heating system

Collector beam heating systems are mounted under the floor. In this case, several recommendations must be observed.

The subfloor or foundation may be the foundation of the building, on which a heat insulator is attached, after which the pipeline is placed. After that, the pipeline from pre-purchased and cut segments is connected. So that when pouring concrete, it does not rise, it is advisable to attach it in any of the ways.

After that, around the network it is required to place a heater up to 5 centimeters from foam and nail it with dowels. After that, you can pour concrete, up to 50-70mm.

Analysis of arguments for and against

The system has both advantages and disadvantages that must be taken into account when designing. It is necessary to arrange a collector cabinet, which takes up a lot of space, to choose the right pipes.

However, the advantages and positive aspects of such a system are much greater. Therefore, many owners prefer to install pipes precisely along the beam distribution of the heating system in an apartment building. This provides a host of benefits.

Conclusions on the topic

This heating system is more energy efficient than any other. It consists of many components, and the pipes themselves and the wiring “feed” the heating elements and drain the spent liquid. The beam scheme allows extremely efficient distribution of the coolant.

When deciding how to heat their own home, the owner can choose from a variety of heating technologies. Common to them is a similar set of structural elements, which includes a boiler, a pipe system and heaters that directly heat the room.

There are differences in the schemes for connecting pipelines, one of its options is a radiant heating system, the characteristics and construction rules of which will be discussed in the article.

• Significant advantages of beam wiring
• The principle of organization of the beam scheme
  • Choosing a circulation pump
  • Rules for installing a circulation pump
  • Is it possible without a pump?
  • Choosing a distribution manifold
• Beam wiring connection diagram
  • What needs to be done before installation?
  • Rules for installing beam wiring
• Beam wiring and underfloor heating
• For wooden houses
• Analysis of the arguments "for" and "against"
• Conclusions and useful video on the topic

Significant advantages of beam wiring

The main task of the heating system is to compensate for the heat that the building loses due to differences between the internal and external air temperatures, as well as due to the different degree of thermal conductivity of the external walls.

In practice, you can connect all heating devices together by the following methods:

• tee connection;
• radiation(manifold) connection, when a separate pair of pipes is supplied to each heater using a collector for direct and reverse supply of coolant.

A tee or perimeter type of pipe connection is cheaper. But due to the fact that the devices are connected to each other and connected by a pipeline to a single riser, the system will need to be completely turned off and freed from the coolant to repair a separate radiator or section. Or equip with bypasses and valves, which will significantly increase the cost of organizing heating.

Image gallery

An indisputable argument in favor of the device of a radiant heating system is its efficiency, which is much higher than circuits with tee wiring.

The distribution of the radiant type of heating is carried out by floors. It is arranged mainly with a lower connection to devices

The construction of heating systems according to the ray principle became possible due to the development and implementation of metal-plastic and polypropylene reinforced pipes

Pipes are brought to each heating device in the form of rays emanating from the distribution comb - collector

The parallel principle of connecting devices to the pipeline provides almost equal temperature in them. The difference between the flow and return temperatures is also minimal, which significantly reduces the load on the system.

In the collector system there can be only one ring connected to the comb, or several secondary rings to which the coolant is supplied through the primary ring

For normal operation, the system is equipped with at least one circulation pump, although it is recommended to install them on each of the rings. Installed air vent, pressure gauge and pressure relief valve

The collector is placed in a closet, in two-story houses on the floor one collector is installed, which are interconnected by risers

With traditional perimeter wiring, the entire pipeline is most often installed in an open way, less often hidden. Radiant heating systems are mainly laid in walls or floors, because a large number of pipes laid on top of the structures negatively affects the interior.

Concealed installation is carried out by a system of pipes for underfloor heating, which, in accordance with the technological specifics, is arranged according to a beam scheme. The beam pipeline to the heating devices is also laid in the floor screed in a hidden way, because this is better for technological and architectural reasons.

The assembly of the pipeline according to the beam scheme will cost significantly more than the installation of the system along the perimeter method. However, due to the specifics of such wiring, the heated coolant is supplied to all points at the same time.

A large number of pipes when using the beam method of assembling pipelines can ruin the interior. Therefore, all heating communications are laid in the floor or walls. All connections remain on the surface, so there is practically no risk of leakage under the screed. With a tee system, this cannot be done, because. when the joints are worn, the walls and floor will have to be broken.

In order to reduce the consumption of pipes, the pipelines assembled according to the beam pattern are not laid along the perimeter, but in the shortest ways - from the collector to the device

The main disadvantage of the collector wiring is the high material consumption, which lies in the long length. And the main plus is that in each room you can set a different temperature, creating a comfortable microclimate in any room.

Each radiator or convector is connected independently, which is also convenient for service work and replacement of worn-out system elements without the need to turn off the heating in the entire house or apartment.

Concealed installation allows you to significantly improve the visual appearance of any room, leaving only heating radiators visible

The principle of organization of the beam scheme

One of the central elements of the beam system is the collector. If you are going to do heating in a house with several floors, then the collector should be located at each level. During installation, the collectors are placed in a collector cabinet, where a convenient arrangement of this element is provided for subsequent maintenance or adjustment.

The beam wiring diagram is used for one- and two-pipe systems. The first option assumes that the supply and collection of the coolant is carried out by one collector. The second option involves the use of two collectors for supply and return

The indisputable advantage of the beam system is the minimum number of connections, which positively affects the hydraulic stability of the entire heating system. The central working body is a boiler. To ensure high efficiency and safety, the owner needs to take into account the power of the unit, the consumption of thermal energy by heating appliances and the heat loss of the system. This must be done, regardless of what type of fuel the boiler is running on.

An increase in the length of the pipeline when creating a beam distribution is fraught with a slight increase in heat loss, which also needs to be taken into account for the power balance.

In a single-pipe beam distribution of heating circuits, the coolant prepared for heating devices is supplied by the same collector that collects the return and sends it to the boiler (+)

Choosing a circulation pump

Beam distribution of the pipeline is used mainly in horizontal circuits with a lower coolant supply. It requires a circulation pump that stimulates the movement of heated water through numerous branches.

Controlled circulation of the coolant makes it possible to reduce the temperature difference at the inlet and outlet of the heating circuit. As a result, it is possible to increase the heating efficiency, making the system more compact and less material intensive.

When selecting and installing a circulation pump, a number of features must be taken into account, using which you can achieve high efficiency of the entire system

This unit is selected according to several important parameters, including:

• productivity, m 3 /hour;
• head height, m

In order to correctly select a pump for these parameters, it is necessary to take into account the diameter of the pipes, their length and the height of the location relative to the level of the pumping unit. When drawing up a project for the installation of a heating system, these parameters are calculated in advance.

Rules for installing a circulation pump

• wet rotor circulation pumps are installed in such a way that the shaft has a horizontal position;
• the device with a thermostat should not be close to hot surfaces (radiator or boiler) so that the readings are not distorted;
• as a rule, it is installed on the return section of the pipeline due to lower temperatures. Modern models can also be mounted in the supply line, withstanding high temperature conditions;
• the heating circuit must be equipped with an air bleed mechanism. If there is none, then the pump must have an air vent;
• should be located as close as possible to the expansion tank;
• before installing the pump, it is recommended to flush the system to remove solids;
• before starting the pump, fill the system with water;

To avoid becoming a victim of excessive noise, select a pump according to the performance of the heating system.

Is it possible without a pump?

Of course, you can save money and not buy a pump, air vents, sensors, etc. But the natural circulation beam system requires several not very convenient conditions. Experts recommend this option in extremely rare cases. First, you need to install pipes of wide diameter. Secondly, the expansion tank must be installed at the highest point of the facility.

To save on components, you can do without a pump, but this is only possible under a number of conditions and only for small buildings

This option is suitable for a summer residence or other modest object, providing enough heat. The choice between natural circulation and forced circulation must be made at the design stage.

Choosing a distribution manifold

This device is also called a comb. It serves to supply the coolant to each heating device (warm floor, radiator, convector, etc.). The collector also drains the return, which then enters the boiler or is again mixed into the circuit to adjust the temperature. The collector can support from 2 to 12 circuits. Some manufacturers offer even more branches for complex projects.

The distribution manifold is the main transport terminal, which serves to distribute the coolant in the right amount for each room or heater

Combs are often equipped with additional shut-off and control and thermostatic elements. They allow you to adjust the optimal flow rate of the coolant for each heating branch. Existence of air removers guarantees more effective and safe work of system.

Beam wiring connection diagram

When choosing a heating scheme, in most cases they stop at the radial floor distribution of the pipeline. All pipes are hidden from view in the thickness of the floor. Collector - the main distribution body is installed in a niche of a wall fence, often in a special cabinet located in the center of the house / apartment.

In the vast majority of cases, the implementation of beam wiring requires the presence of a circulation pump, and sometimes several, installed on each ring or branch. Its necessity is described above. The beam wiring of the heating system assembly is most often performed on the basis of one- and two-pipe installation, almost completely replacing the tee type of connection.

On each floor, near the riser of the two-pipe system, the supply and return manifolds are mounted. Under the floor, pipes from both collectors run in the wall or under the floor and connect to each radiator within the floor. Each of the contours should have approximately the same length. If this cannot be achieved, then each ring must be equipped with its own circulation pump and automatic temperature control.

In this case, the change in the temperature regime will be completely independent on each circuit and will not affect each other. Because the pipeline will be under the screed, each radiator must be equipped with an air valve. The air vent can also be placed on the manifold.

What needs to be done before installation?

Before starting work, the task of the owner is to correctly select all the components and locations of the equipment, namely:

• determine locations radiators;
• choose the type of radiators, based on pressure indicators and the type of coolant, as well as determine the number of sections or the area of ​​\u200b\u200bpanels (calculate heat losses and calculate the heat output required for high-quality heating of each room);
• draw a diagram of the location of the radiators and pipeline routes, not forgetting about other elements of the heating system (boiler, collectors, pump, etc.);
• make a paper list all items and make purchases. In order not to make a mistake in the calculation, you can invite a specialist.

So, in order to proceed to the next stage, it is necessary to take into account the rules for mounting the beam system

Rules for installing beam wiring

If you have chosen to lay pipes under the floor, follow a few rules that will help to avoid heat loss and freezing of the coolant. There should be enough space between the rough and finish floor (more on this later in the description).

When installing pipes in the floor, it is important to take into account several requirements, one of which is the presence of sufficient space between the finishing and subfloor

A concrete foundation slab can be used as a subfloor. A layer of insulation is first laid on it, then a pipeline is arranged. If pipes are laid without a heat-insulating substrate, then the water in these areas can freeze, losing a lot of heat.

As for pipes, it is better to opt for polyethylene or metal-plastic models, which are highly flexible. The polypropylene pipeline does not bend well, therefore it is not suitable for beam wiring.

In most cases, a pipe with a diameter of 16–20 mm is used (if the radiator power is over 1.5 kW, then 20 mm), on which a heat-insulating corrugation is put on to reduce heat loss and compensate for thermal expansion. The pipeline must be attached to the base so that it does not float during pouring with a finishing layer of screed. You can fix it with mounting tape, plastic clamps or other available methods.

The pipe under the screed must be insulated to reduce heat loss to a minimum, and on the ground floor it is imperative to lay a layer of thermal insulation

Then, around the pipeline, we lay the insulation with a layer of 50 mm from foam or polystyrene. We also fasten the insulation to the base of the floor using dowels-nails. The final step is to fill the solution with a layer of 5-7 cm, which will serve as the base of the finishing floor. Any floor covering can already be laid on this surface.

If pipes are laid on the second floor and above, then the installation of a thermal insulation layer is optional. Remember one important rule, there should not be any connections on the sections of the pipeline under the floor.

If there is a pump of sufficient power and performance, the collector is sometimes placed one floor lower relative to the level of the radiators.

If the collector is located at the lower level (basement), then you need to take into account several rules for the correct piping from the comb to the radiators, which are located on the next level

From the collector pipes rise vertically to the ceiling. Then a bend is made and the pipeline along the ceiling is connected to each radiator with another 90 degree bend. Pipes must be fixed on the ceiling. Thus, a vertical pipe through the ceiling is connected to each heater.

Beam wiring and underfloor heating

The beam scheme can also be used to equip the “warm” floor system. With a well-designed project, taking into account all factors, it is possible to abandon radiators, making a warm floor the main source for heating.

Heat flows will be evenly distributed throughout the room, without creating a convection effect, unlike radiators. As a result, there is no circulation of dust in the air

Before embarking on the implementation of the idea of ​​\u200b\u200binstalling water heated floors, it is important to consider the following features:

• a reflective screen with a layer of thermal insulation is laid on a concrete or wooden base;
• pipes are laid on top in a loop-like pattern;
• before pouring concrete, a hydraulic pressure test of the system is carried out throughout the day;
• the finishing layer is a screed or flooring.

The collector of each circuit must be equipped with flow meters and thermostatic valves, which allow precise control of the flow of the coolant and regulation of its temperature.

When distributing pipes, thermostatic heads and servomotors can be used. These devices allow you to automate the operation of a warm floor. The system will respond to changes in room temperature by adjusting the comfort mode for each room.

Radiant distribution for underfloor heating requires the collector to be equipped with several components that allow you to control, automate and manage underfloor heating to achieve maximum comfort and energy efficiency

During installation, it is extremely important to properly fix the pipes before pouring everything with a screed. To do this, you can use a heater with grooves, reinforcing mesh or staples. Before laying the pipeline, it is necessary to clearly define the route that the coolant will overcome to heat the floor (avoid crossing pipes). It is best to cut off the pipe only after complete installation and connection to the return and supply manifolds.

It is important that the pipeline is under pressure during filling. Until the concrete mixture has completely hardened and three weeks have passed, it is impossible to supply a coolant with a working temperature. Only then we start from 25ºС and after 4 days we finish with the design temperature.

For wooden houses

To lay the pipeline in a wooden base, it is necessary to drill holes in the wooden floor beams. In this case, the holes should be slightly larger than the diameter of the pipes so that the beam and the entire structure do not create pressure on the pipeline.

When installing beam wiring in wooden floors, it is important that the floor structure does not create pressure on the pipes, and the latter are securely fixed

In our example, the draft floor is wooden, on which the pipe system is located. Again, there should not be any connections in the thickness of the floor, because. they should be located exclusively above the level of the floor covering.

Analysis of the arguments "for" and "against"

Let's start with the cons. In addition to the material consumption, which affects the cost of the project, is the need to install a manifold cabinet, which will require additional space.

This is where the disadvantages of the beam system end, and a series of advantages begins:

• simple design and installation, pipes of the same diameter are used within the system;
• with hidden installation in the walls and floor there are no connections;
• high installation speed due to the minimum number of connections;
• expanding functionality by installing shut-off valves, sensors, air vents and thermal heads to automate the operation of the heating system;
• temperature control in each individual room, using mechanical elements or automation;
• the ability to cut off any radiator without stopping the heating process;
• uniform heating of all rooms.

The external control panel allows you to program the heating operation, including automatic adjustment depending on the weather conditions outside. Thanks to the installed sensors, all residents can set any parameters that are comfortable for them, being in a particular room.

The beam system is financially expensive in terms of implementation, but it is ahead of all other options in terms of flexibility of settings and ensuring the efficiency of all heating

Thus, the beam wiring scheme allows you to achieve high controllability of the heating system and achieve optimal coolant flow.

Conclusions and useful video on the topic

The video will help you visually understand the installation features and understand how the heating system with beam wiring works:

An energy efficient heating system is a balanced combination of all its components. The piping serves as a kind of circulatory system for heating. The beam method of pipeline installation allows you to deliver exactly as much coolant as each working device needs for its optimal operation.

When deciding how to heat their own home, the owner can choose from a variety of heating technologies. Common to them is a similar set of structural elements, which includes a boiler, a pipe system and heaters that directly heat the room.

There are differences in the schemes for connecting pipelines, one of its options is a radiant heating system, the characteristics and construction rules of which will be discussed in the article. We have described in detail the specifics of the collector wiring, provided options for its arrangement. The criteria for selecting equipment for the construction of contours were outlined.

For visual perception of the information presented, the text is supplemented with collections of photos, useful diagrams, and videos.

The main task of the heating system is to compensate for the heat that the building loses due to differences between the internal and external air temperatures, as well as due to the different degree of thermal conductivity of the external walls. Its solution largely depends on a well-chosen one that delivers the coolant to the devices.

In practice, you can connect all heating devices together by the following methods:

• tee connection;
• radiation(manifold) connection, when a separate pair of pipes is supplied to each heater using a collector for direct and reverse supply of coolant.

A tee or perimeter type of pipe connection is cheaper. But due to the fact that the devices are connected to each other and connected by a pipeline to a single riser, the system will need to be completely turned off and freed from the coolant to repair a separate radiator or section. Or equip with bypasses and valves, which will significantly increase the cost of organizing heating.

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Arrangement of the heating system is the most expensive item in the estimate of major repairs or construction. From the correct installation and the features of all elements of this object, the operational characteristics, the costs of the owners for energy resources in the winter period depend.

Gradually replaces the obsolete tee wiring. This is due to a number of its advantages. How to equip such a wiring on your own, as well as what are its main features, the master must find out before starting installation.

general characteristics

Can be done with various wiring. The beam system is also called the collector system. Each radiator in the building is connected to K by a separate pipe. Each of them returns its own pipe to the collector. Radiators with this connection are a separate element. They are independent of other heating devices in the network and are connected to the collector in parallel.

The collector is a general device. He is responsible for supplying the coolant to each individual circuit. If it is necessary to repair one battery, the heating system continues to operate as before. Only one radiator is cut off.

according to the tee scheme, it involves a smaller number of pipes. However, installation costs pay off during the operation of the system. The positive economic effect from the use of beam wiring in a large house or cottage with two or more floors is especially pronounced.

Advantages and disadvantages

Some features are characterized beam wiring of the heating system. Pros and cons such an organization must be considered before installation. The disadvantages include a larger number of pipes and fittings. This greatly increases the cost of repairs. The tee scheme is much cheaper during installation. Also, a large number of connections, if connected incorrectly, can lead to frequent system breakdowns.

However, all these shortcomings fade against the background of the advantages of the radiation organization of heating. In this case, the system quickly pays for its installation cost. The ability to regulate the heating in each room significantly reduces energy costs. When organizing such a system, many joints and surges are obtained. The master has easy access to them. Therefore, when carrying out repairs, this factor greatly facilitates the work.

The pipes of the beam system can be hidden under the floor, in the thickness of the wall or simply behind the curtains. A properly planned scheme allows you to remove unattractive communications from view. The tee scheme does not provide such an opportunity to homeowners.

System elements

Consists of several required elements. The main one is the boiler. When calculating its power, the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe premises, as well as the heat loss of the building, are taken into account.

The circuit includes a circulation pump. There are systems with natural circulation of the coolant. However, they are less efficient. Today, almost all radiant heating schemes incorporate a pump. It forces the heated liquid to move along the contours at a certain speed. In this way, it is possible to maintain the optimal mode of heating the room.

The collector is a distribution unit. He is responsible for the optimal nutrition of all circuits. This element may incorporate various control and shut-off equipment. The presented devices are installed in a special cabinet. This allows you to protect the equipment and hide it from prying eyes.

Circulation type

Can use the principle of natural or forced circulation. In the first case, the coolant is distributed through pipes and radiators by gravity. This requires the installation of pipes of large diameter. This is a simple but less efficient system. It is suitable only for a small one-story house, to which electricity is not supplied.

In modern construction, beam systems are used in combination with a pump. It provides forced circulation of the coolant. The pump is installed on the supply or return circuit. It works with a certain power. Such a device is necessary for the heating system of a large or two-story cottage.

Due to the mass of advantages, as well as the acceptable cost of circulation pumps, today this installation option is used almost everywhere.

Design

Calculation of a radiant heating system carried out at the design stage. To do this, on paper, you need to draw a detailed diagram with dimensions. It lists all elements. If necessary, the drawing can be ordered from a special organization.

First you need to evaluate the existing features of the premises. The rooms should not be decorated. It is best to hide the pipes in the floor under the screed. The plan also indicates the radiators, their location (on the wall under the window). The number of sections and their internal volume depend on the material of the convector, as well as the thickness of its walls. In accordance with the parameters specified by the manufacturer, the need for the volume of coolant for each battery is calculated.

According to the ray scheme, it is characterized by some additional heat losses. The heated liquid is supplied to the batteries through pipes, the length of which will be greater than in the tee scheme. This feature must be taken into account in the calculations.

The plan shows where the pipes will be laid. Pressure gauges, thermometers, shut-off and shut-off valves are added to the equipment. Before installation, all elements of the main and additional equipment should be carefully considered. The sequence of their installation is also indicated in the diagram.

Manifold selection

Includes a collector (comb). This element has branch pipes for the inlet and outlet of the coolant. For a beam scheme, two types of collectors should be installed.

The first of these will be the input comb. A pump is connected to it, as well as a coolant distribution valve. It can be three- or two-way. The valve contains a thermometer. It is installed in the collector housing. The device transmits information to the valve. It opens or closes the damper, mixing hot liquid into the circuit.

The outlet collector collects the cooled coolant, which is returned to the boiler. The heater heats it up again. Additionally, a balancing flow controller can be installed on this branch pipe. The collector group ensures the stability of the system. It is responsible for optimizing and balancing the heating of the coolant in the system.

Pipe selection

Which is mounted according to the beam scheme, requires the correct selection of pipes. Communications must be flexible enough to avoid the installation of a large number of connections. Pipes made of cross-linked polyethylene are best suited for these purposes. Such products are sold in bays.

Polyethylene pipes that are suitable for a radiant heating system must have an airtight layer. When using conventional varieties, air enters the system. It leads to the development of corrosion of metal elements, the rapid failure of equipment.

¾ inch pipes are used to connect the collector to the boiler. Radiators can be connected to the comb with ½ inch communications. This is possible under the condition of application in the pump. Otherwise, the diameter of the pipes may be larger.

Mounting Features

It can be mounted by the owners of a private house. To do this, it is necessary to allocate a separate room for the arrangement of the boiler room.

After installing the heater, a comb is mounted immediately after it. The equipment must be in a protective box. The collector must be freely accessible. A manometer and a thermometer are installed at the outlet of the coolant. Mayevsky crane and other safety devices allow to stabilize the pressure in the system.

Shut-off valves allow, if necessary, to carry out preventive maintenance or repair of equipment. After installation, the equipment is checked. If everything is normal, the pipes are poured into the screed.