Who legally pays for lighting the adjoining territory of an apartment building? Who is responsible for lighting the local area of an apartment building? Lighting standards and what to do if there is no light? Staircase lighting in an apartment building
It is terrible to be in the entrance of a multi-storey building in the evening. To protect residents and visitors, lighting is being done in a residential building. It must be done as efficiently and economically as possible. It is desirable that such lighting function in automatic mode and does not require user intervention. It should also be easy to set up and maintain. Tips on how to achieve this are given in this article.
Dealing with requirements
If a multi-storey building is on the balance sheet of a certain service that maintains it, then you can’t just take and install the lighting that you like the most. There are certain norms that regulate and standardize lighting in the entrance of an apartment building. They cannot be neglected. According to GOST standards, the requirements for lighting different rooms are different. It depends on the territory, as well as on the source used. Annex I BCH 59/88 makes a distinction between lighting from filament lamps and fluorescent lamps. In modern practice, they are trying to use more and more LED emitters, as well as economy lamps, which are a smaller version of fluorescent ones.
According to the standards, the level of illumination for flights of stairs should be 10 lm / m 2 in relation to fluorescent lamps. For incandescent lamps, this threshold is lowered, because they consume more electricity and is 5 lm / m 2. Entrances with elevators need more lighting. This is due to increased security requirements. Leaving the elevator, where the lighting devices are lower, there is a certain difference and it can be difficult to see a person in the entrance. Therefore, the device for lighting should partially cover the entrance area and the exit from the elevator. Its installation is carried out with an offset to the elevator door, and not as in a conventional entrance. At the same time, an indicator of 7 lm / m 2 is considered normal for incandescent lamps, and 20 lm / m 2 for housekeepers.
Note! Additional rooms in the entrance, for example, for storing strollers, should also be well lit. At the same time, the norm for them is 20 lm / m2 for incandescent lamps, and almost twice as much for economical lamps. The lights are on the ceiling, not on the wall.
Some homes still use elevators that require the door to be manually opened. Most often, the shaft in them is fenced with a grid and runs inside the flights of stairs. There should also be lighting in such a mine. Incandescent lamps are usually mounted and the same indicator is taken as the norm as for an entrance without an elevator. In accordance with hygienic standards, lighting devices should be located in basements, attics, in waste collection areas and separate switchboard rooms. For the first two lamps are mounted only in the aisles and to illuminate communications. As a radiator, LED or incandescent lamps are installed.
Note! A separate building code document SNiP 2/4-79 has been developed. It determines not only the level of light flux, but also its temperature. For each room, it may also be different.
Nuances of lighting control
Changing and improving the technical component of lighting is happening quite quickly. Regulations cannot be changed so quickly, so it is not always possible to find specific guidance in them regarding the installation of equipment in entrances. Therefore, they can provide general rules. For example, according to building code guidelines for any lighting system, even if it turns on and off automatically, there must be an additional way to force it to turn off power. Such a device may be necessary during rescue or repair operations.
The lighting automation system in the entrances of residential buildings should work without failures and turn on devices simultaneously in all rooms that are related to the entrance. This should happen without delay. In some cases, an additional module in the form of a photo relay or a time sensor is used for this. An integral part is emergency lighting. It should turn on simultaneously with the entire system, but if the sensors fail, it should be possible to start it in emergency mode from the manual switch.
Note! The light switch in the basement and attic must be moved outside. That is, the inclusion of light must be ensured even before a person enters the basement or attic. If there are several inputs, it will be necessary to install pass-through switches with a phase wire break.
Ways to automate
Automation of lighting systems in the entrances and adjacent territory of an apartment building brings with it a large number of advantages. One of the main ones is the saving of electrical energy and the absence of additional costs for the operator. There is no one standard scheme for installation in every home. Each lighting system is unique, so a special approach is required. But each uses the same modules and nodes, so it makes sense to consider principles that are easy to follow later.
Separate panel
In the case of using such a lighting automation system, the responsibility for the entire process lies not only with the nodes and modules, but also with the inhabitants of the entrance themselves. It is they or someone responsible who will have to monitor this process and turn on the lighting. This method is chosen by households with five or less floors, since in other cases it becomes problematic to keep track of switching on and off.
The essence of the method is that everyone who enters the entrance must turn on the light with a separate switch. After he gets to his apartment, the lights are turned off by another switch. For proper load distribution, this option can be built on starters. In another case, when the starter is pressed, the lamps that are located on the flights of stairs turn on. And the path from the flight to the apartment is turned on separately when the user gets to the required floor. The consumption of electrical energy in this case decreases, so the payment will also be lower.
Advice! Starters are quite expensive, as are their maintenance. Therefore, some companies propose to implement a project using walk-through switches. In this case, installation costs will be slightly higher, but subsequent maintenance costs will be lower.
Lighting devices in basements and attics should not depend on how the light is turned on in the entrance or on the floors. Therefore, separate switches are taken out for these rooms, as described above. The area near the house should be constantly illuminated, so the overall system can be supplemented with a photorelay that will respond to the position of the sun. The disadvantage of the push-button system is that not everyone is responsibly ready to approach control and the light can burn for hours. To prevent this from happening, temporary shutdown timers are provided, for example, after 5 minutes of glow.
Scheme on a photo relay
The option of a lighting system for an entrance using a photocell is quite effective. It eliminates the need to constantly press the keys and watch the lights turn off. With the right settings, the savings in electrical consumption of lighting is also at a good level. There are two options for installing the sensor for such a lighting system. The photorelay can be mounted directly at the entrance. In this case, you should not choose a place near the window. The fact is that after dusk it will be darker in the entrance than on the street and the sensor may not work, although the lighting in the entrance should already be turned on.
Another way to turn on the lights is to install a sensor on the street. At the same time, house lighting can also be powered from it. The position of the photo relay must be chosen in such a way that it is not exposed to light from car headlights. You should not place it so that it is difficult to get to it, because periodically it must be cleaned of dust and snow in winter. Photorelays are often not designed for the load that lighting in the entrance and on the street can provide. Therefore, it is advisable to install a starter after it. It is he who will take on the role of the switch, and the photorelay will simply give him the necessary signal.
Note! With such a lighting switching scheme, it is worth remembering that the basement and attic rooms should be illuminated from separate switches.
Motion sensors
Motion sensors are an excellent solution that is increasingly being used to control entryway lighting. It is better to use combined options. They simultaneously monitor the level of natural light in the entrances and work only at night. With such devices, control over turning on and off the lighting is not required at all. Everything will happen automatically and floor by floor when a person climbs the flights. In this case, you will need to install one module in each functional area. For example, near the front door and on each floor. It is necessary to calculate lighting devices in such a way that lamps are lit at the entrance, which will illuminate part of the landing and the corridor to the elevator.
Note! It is better to install such motion sensors for lighting that have sensitivity adjustment. They will not react to dogs, cats and other animals, which also leads to savings in the use of lighting.
The motion sensor has a built-in timer that will automatically turn off the lighting after the stated period, usually it is also regulated by a separate tuning resistor. Some schemes provide for such an option that if a person walks along the spans, then when he rises to the second floor, the circuit closes and the lighting on the floor below does not turn off until he enters the apartment. This makes it possible to increase security. In the case when an elevator is installed at the entrance of a multi-storey building, it is possible to ensure the interaction of lighting on the floors not only with motion sensors, but also with buttons or door switches. The fact is that while a person leaves the elevator there may be a slight delay before the sensor is triggered, and when interacting with the limit switch, everything happens quickly.
Joint schemes
If the inhabitants of the housing complex want to achieve maximum savings in the use of lighting, then a combined scheme is implemented. It requires a more meticulous approach in planning and during installation. You should not trust such a task to an unreliable contractor or a one-day firm. An individual approach will be required not only to the premises of the entrance and floors, but also to the territory near the house. The diagram below shows an example of one such system.
The essence of the functioning of such a lighting system is built on a photo relay. It is installed outdoors in the darkest place near the house. As soon as the level of natural light falls, the sensor is triggered and commands the magnetic starter. It takes care of switching on two lighting systems. One of them is street, which works immediately on a signal. The second involves the power supply of motion sensors, which will turn on the lighting inside the entrance. Emergency lighting is also switched on automatically. Utility rooms, attic and basement can be turned on manually as required. You can watch a video of this lighting below.
Conclusion
As you can see, the implementation of such systems in the entrances of residential buildings requires a special approach. You should not be limited only to regulations that were adopted many years ago. Combining several modules provides enviable savings compared to using only one solution. Stop your choice on LED lamps. Most often they are sold with a guarantee, and also have a long service life. At the same time, their consumption is several times less than that of a conventional housekeeper.
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Electricity tariffs are increasing every year, along with them, general house payments for lighting common areas are growing. In this regard, many management companies are beginning to consider how to upgrade the lighting in the entrances to LED. What solutions exist today and how to make the right choice?
Are built-in sensors required?
The main goal of introducing LED lighting technology in the housing and communal services sector is savings. The LED solution itself is 8-10 times more economical than a similar one with an incandescent lamp and about 2 times more economical than a solution with a compact fluorescent lamp, so we can limit ourselves to the introduction of luminaires without sensors.
But a product with built-in "intelligence" will additionally save another 60-80% of electricity. At the same time, additional costs will be very small. It can be concluded that lighting equipment with a built-in sensor is an economically sound solution for the housing and communal services sector.
What type of detection to choose?
Most often, the presence of a person on the stairwell is determined by sound or by movement. Smaller volumes of application of lighting equipment with motion sensors in apartment buildings are due to the fact that this type of device is directional, which imposes significant restrictions on the location of the lamp in the stairwell. It turns out that in the limited space of the entrance it is not always possible to replace the existing point-to-point lighting equipment while maintaining the installation location. At the same time, the supply of electrical networks to a new place is always an additional cost.
Equipment with sound detection does not have this disadvantage, the accuracy of determining the presence of a person does not depend on the location of the lamp. This is probably one of the reasons that such products are widely used in all regions of Russia without exception. The disadvantages of the acoustic method include false positives, for example, due to extraneous noise on the street or in apartments. But such trips in general, for all solutions installed at the facility, rarely account for more than 3% of the total operation time.
The second sensor that manufacturers build into the housing and public utilities luminaire is an optical one. Its function is to ensure that the light in the entrance does not turn on during daylight hours, if there is enough natural light. It is permissible to conclude that the best solution is a combination of two sensors in the product, namely optical and acoustic. Such "smart" lighting technology can save up to 98% of electricity. There are facilities where consumers have been able to reduce the cost of each light point from 1,500 rubles to 27 rubles a year.
Why is standby mode necessary?
To increase comfort and safety, some lamps have a “standby mode”. In this mode, the equipment operates at full capacity only when there is a person in the staircase, and the rest of the time it emits 20-30% of the declared luminous flux.
There is no longer total darkness in the room, there is enough light for the operation of video surveillance systems, in order to see through the peephole what is happening on the landing. At the same time, electricity consumption is extremely low. Perhaps, we can already say that the presence of a standby mode is one of the standard customer requirements for lighting equipment with sensors in the housing and communal services sector.
What power to choose?
Other things being equal, the higher the power of the equipment, the brighter it will be in the room. Today, the optimal total power consumption for housing and communal services lamps is in the range of 6-8 W. Such a product will replace an analogue with an incandescent lamp with a power of up to 60-75W.
What degree of protection against ingress of moisture and dust is sufficient?
The degree of protection is indicated in accordance with GOST 14254 by the letters IP and two numbers. From IP20 to IP68. The higher the index, the higher the protection.
For entrances and other dry premises, IP20 protection is sufficient; for basements and similar premises, protection from IP54 and above is desirable. For lighting at the entrance to the entrance, it is better to choose fixtures with IP64 and above.
For products with acoustic sensors, a relatively low degree of IP is typical, since technological holes in the body are necessary for more accurate operation of sensors of this type.
How to protect equipment from vandals and theft?
Vandal resistance is a rather important parameter when choosing solutions for entrances of residential buildings. Lighting equipment for the housing and communal services sector must withstand significant shock loads, while remaining operational.
If the body of such lamps has a streamlined shape, this will also complicate its unauthorized dismantling from the wall or ceiling. Anti-removable fasteners, plugs, and other design solutions are able to provide sufficiently reliable protection against equipment theft.
Luminaires SA-7008U of the Perseus series, as one of the most common solutions in housing and communal services
It seems that the need to replace existing equipment in the housing and communal services sector with modern LED lighting equipment with sensors is quite obvious and even inevitable.
As an example of a specific solution that is already widely used in apartment buildings, let's cite the SA-7008U lamp of the Perseus series. This series is produced by the Aktey company, located in the city of St. Petersburg.
SA-7008U of the Perseus series is a multi-mode LED luminaire with built-in optical and acoustic sensors.
Power consumption - 8 W, luminous flux - 800 lumens. Power consumption in standby mode - no more than 2 watts. Three modes of operation in one product significantly expand the possibilities for application, while the design and installation organization and storage facilities of the manufacturer and customer continue to work with only one nomenclature position.
Application of SA-7008U
Lighting of stairwells, halls, corridors, lobbies and other premises with periodic stay of people in residential and public buildings. The SA-7008U "Persey" multi-mode luminaire with a standby mode of operation and a full off mode is designed to work in an alternating current network with a voltage of 220 volts.
SA-7008U series "Perseus" is designed to work on stairwells, so the degree of protection is IP30. The anti-vandal case maintains very aggressive external influences. Each product is supplied with anti-theft hardware and the required tool for installation on site. Thanks to the polycarbonate body, SA-7008U has an electrical safety class II, which means that it does not require a ground line.
The high reliability of SA-7008U leads to the fact that customers who have started using lighting solutions of the Perseus series continue to use them on the next floor, in the next entrance, in the next apartment building.
Characteristics of SA-7008U
– Operating voltage - 160…250 V
– Mains frequency - 50 Hz
- Nomin. power consumption in active mode - 8 W
– Power consumption in standby mode - ≤2 W
– Nominal luminous flux - 800 lm
– Acoustic switching threshold - 52±5 dB (adjustable)
– Optical response threshold - 5±2 lx
– Lighting duration - 60…140 sec. (adjustable)
– Automatic restart of the light off timer
– Sensitivity adjustment
– Adjustment of duration of illumination - is
– Power factor - > 0.85
– Class of protection against electric shock - II
Features SA-7008U
– To replace NBB, NBO and SBO luminaires in housing and communal services.
- The body of the LED lamp is made of impact-resistant polycarbonate.
– Acoustic sensitivity adjustment.
– Adjustment of lighting duration.
– Original patented impact resistant design.
– Special fixing screws that make unauthorized dismantling difficult.
– Overvoltage protection in the network.
- Soft start system.
– Nichia, Samsung LEDs.
– No flicker or stroboscopic effect.
– Electromagnetic interference suppression filter (EMI filter).
– Protective earth is not required.
- Multi-mode with the ability to turn on the standby mode (backlight).
Company Aktey develops and manufactures innovative electrical appliances for energy saving in housing and communal services (HUS), individual apartments, cottages and household plots.
The company's products allow saving up to 95% of electricity used to illuminate entrances, stairwells, corridors and vestibules of public places: modern light-emitting diode (LED) lamps, lamps with built-in optical-acoustic or infrared presence sensors, as well as built-in energy-saving sensors for the needs of serial lighting equipment manufacturers.
The Aktey company carries out custom (OEM, ODM) development, production or modernization of existing lighting equipment according to the technical requirements of the customer. The products are characterized by easy installation, simple operation, reliability and low price.
Many of us often had to return home at night. At such moments, a person understands how important lighting is inside and around an apartment building. But what to do if there is no light either in the entrance or in the yard? Who to contact and who is responsible for this? Let's take a look at this issue
In this article:
entrance lighting
With the onset of darkness in the entrance and on the stairwells of a residential building, the light must be turned on. First of all, this is necessary for the safety of residents. Lighting in the entrance of an apartment building must meet the following requirements:
- in public spaces, a general lighting system is used;
- if the house has more than 6 floors and more than 50 people live, then the building must be equipped with evacuation lighting;
- evacuation lamps are installed in the main aisles and in front of elevators;
- it is allowed to use incandescent lamps, halogen and LED lamps;
- it is recommended to cover the lamp with anti-vandal, impact-resistant glass or metal mesh;
- light intensity must comply with established standards.
Illumination standards are regulated by special regulatory documents, SNiP and GOST and are standardized according to VSN 59-88. Lux values for common areas are shown in the table:
Residents have the right to complain to the management company not only that there are no lamps, but also that their light is not intense enough.
Basement lighting
Special requirements are put forward for the organization of basement lighting due to the special microclimate inside the room. As a rule, it is always humid there, dampness can be observed, so the lamps must meet electrical and fire safety standards.
The power must be reduced to 42 W using a step-down transformer. The body of the lamp must be grounded. It is not recommended to connect copper and aluminum wires during cable laying, which react when exposed to moisture. The wiring is placed in special corrugated pipes, which are called sleeves.
Outdoor area lighting
Before you figure out what standards the lighting of the local area and the courtyard of an apartment building should meet, you need to figure out what is included in this concept - “house area”. According to the law, this is:
- the land plot on which the house is built, its dimensions are determined by the cadastre;
- landscaping elements (this includes, among other things, lamps);
- objects intended for the operation of the house (heating points, transformer, children's and sports grounds, parking lots).
Direct lighting of the courtyard of an apartment building can be carried out in three ways:
- Lantern under the canopy above the door to the entrance. This is convenient, because you can take a low-power lamp, you don’t need much light. The disadvantage is that only a small area in front of the door will be illuminated.
- Lantern over the entrance canopy. It is advisable to take a lamp with a luminous flux of at least 3500 lm and a circular luminous intensity. Placed at a height of 5 meters at an angle of 25 degrees to the horizon. But, despite the fact that the entire courtyard is illuminated in this way, the area next to the door remains in darkness.
- Combination of the two previous options. The most optimal way to illuminate the yard, but it consumes a lot of electricity.
For lighting the adjacent territory, standards have also been developed, which are presented in the table:
Some residents insist on installing motion-sensing lighting fixtures to save energy. It makes sense to put such lamps inside the entrances, while on the streets they will not work quite correctly. On the street, the sensor can be triggered by the movement of the animal, and the light will turn on when it is not required.
Who is responsible for lighting the house?
According to Federal Law No. 131, local governments are responsible for the illumination of streets, roads and courtyards. But it is the responsibility of the residents of the house to maintain the performance of the lamps.
According to the Housing Code of the Russian Federation, the responsibility for lighting inside residential buildings and in the local area lies with the management company with which the tenants have entered into an agreement. The text of the agreement itself spells out what services the UK provides, for which it is responsible, and what is the procedure for dealing with problems or disputes that arise.
What to do if the tenants find that there is no light in the entrance, common areas, in the basement or in the adjacent territory? They need to take the following steps:
- An act is drawn up in which the problem is described.
- The act is signed by at least 3 people. It can be neighbors, the head of the porch or the chairman of the house.
- Evidence of the existence of the problem is attached to the act. For example, a photo of the lack of light in the evening.
- Documents are transferred to the management company.
- Within seven days, the employees of the Criminal Code check and analyze the information, troubleshoot and draw up their own report on the problem.
- The document, which spells out all the actions taken to resolve the problem, is transferred to the applicants.
If the management company fails to fulfill its obligations, refuses to fulfill what is written in the contract, the tenants have the right to terminate the agreement with it and conclude an agreement with another organization.
Who pays for the lighting of the yard and entrances of an apartment building? According to the Federal Law, the area around the house, like the entrances, is a common property. Lighting and troubleshooting costs are borne directly by the residents of the building. Moreover, the costs are divided for each owner, depending on the area of his apartment.
You should pay attention to whether it is documented that this particular house territory is the common property of this particular house. If there are no such notes, then the inclusion of payment for it in the receipt is illegal.
Lighting of multi-storey buildings is strictly regulated by laws and sanitary standards. If one of the important parameters is not observed - there is no light at all, it is not bright enough, the lighting is organized without taking into account the safety of the residents, then the residents of the house have the right to apply to the management company, the local administration or even to the court.
None of the regulatory legal acts of Russia contains the definition of "house territory".
At whose expense should it be made?
In accordance with the Housing Code, all expenses for maintaining the common property of the house are divided between the owners in proportion to the area of their apartments, and since the adjacent territory belongs to joint property, the payment for street light falls on the shoulders of the owners. Expenses for street lighting are calculated according to the general house meter and are monthly included in the receipts of the residents of the house.
Reference! If it is not documented that the territory around the house belongs to the common property, the inclusion of such a line of expenses in receipts for payment is illegal and may serve as the start of litigation.
Returning home at night is much more pleasant and safer in a lighted courtyard than getting to your own apartment in the dark, shuddering at every rustle. The lack of light in the yard is a reason to contact the management company or administration.
The article is good. The comment refers to the work - the properties of the site. Full or partial copying of materials is allowed only if the source is indicated and a direct link to the site roskvartal.ru is added Source: RosKvartal® - Internet service No. 1 for managing organizations There are no objections to this requirement. But why is the site made (arranged) in such a way that it is impossible for yourself to use your materials? Of course, it's not just your site that's trying to make it harder to copy content from a page - copying with normal formatting (text only) isn't supported. It looks like a "cheat". Whoever needs it will still copy and apply your material, "but the sediment remains." You get negative energy from many users, no doubt. Think about it. do you need it? I think that it is much better to communicate with people "like human beings". If I like the text, I can save it for myself to use offline. If I do not follow the rules of quoting - God will punish without you. Thank you for your attention - understanding! Today we will tell you how the installation of light sensors and motion sensors in MKD will help management organizations save energy resources. UO learn to save energy. This is required by the rules on energy efficiency of MKD. This approach reduces the general house energy consumption, reduces the depreciation load on engineering networks. How to increase the energy efficiency of a building Why install light sensors and motion sensors After the approval of the roadmap for improving the energy efficiency of buildings and structures by the Russian government on September 1, 2016, and after the adoption of a number of regulatory legal acts, the topic of using all kinds of ways to save energy resources has become relevant again. The installation of light sensors and motion sensors in the house, in addition to the listed advantages, will unload the staff of the managing organization, housing cooperatives and homeowners associations. They will not need to change burnt-out “Ilyich lamps” every other day and respond to calls from residents. The person responsible for the maintenance of the MKD, at least once a year, is obliged to develop and bring to the attention of the owners of the premises in the MKD proposals on measures to save energy and improve energy efficiency in the MKD. At the same time, it is necessary to indicate the costs of such events, the volume of the expected reduction in the energy resources used and the payback period for the proposed measures (part 7 of article 12 N 261-FZ). If you do not save on the use of energy resources, this will naturally lead to a decrease in the energy efficiency class of the house. The state housing supervision authority may not confirm it at the same level. For example, instead of an increased class C, the GZHN authority can establish class D after verification, which has the value “normal” in the classification. In this situation, the owners of MKDs and organizations responsible for the maintenance of MKDs are looking for all sorts of ways to save energy resources used. One of these methods is the installation of light sensors and motion sensors. They are also called twilight switches. What are the energy efficiency requirements for buildings? How are light sensors installed in MKD? Management organizations, homeowners associations and housing cooperatives do not have a direct obligation to install light sensors in MKD. Such an obligation is not provided for by the Minimum List of Services and Works approved by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of April 3, 2013 N 290. At the same time, paragraphs. "g" clause 10 of the Rules for the Maintenance of Common Property in the MKD, which was approved by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of August 13, 2006 N 491, establishes the obligation to comply with the requirements of the legislation of the Russian Federation on energy saving and on improving energy efficiency. If the house is serviced by a managing organization, then the OSS solution will be required to install light sensors, unless, of course, the MA installs light sensors at its own expense. In the second case, all you need is a management decision and proper funding. Taking into account the fact that the staff of the managing organization always has an electrician, it is not difficult to install light sensors at least on the first floors. If the MKD manages the housing cooperative or HOA, then the obligatory condition for financing the installation of light sensors should be the approval of this item of expenditure in the estimate of income and expenses. This estimate is approved: at a general meeting of members of the HOA, through targeted financing, by including the “other expenses” column in the estimate. It is possible to finance the installation of light sensors at the expense of the capital repair fund if the established contributions for capital repairs exceed the minimum established in the region. Remember that in this case, you can spend the difference between the regional minimum and the actual overhaul fees for any type of work only with the consent of the OSS. The decision must be made by ⅔ votes (part 3 of article 166 of the LC RF). What needs to be done to make the overhaul of common property energy efficient What rules must be observed when installing light sensors Installation of light sensors does not require any special approvals from supervisory authorities, in particular, from fire supervision. But there is one mandatory requirement that must be taken into account during installation - the horizontal distance from the fire alarm detectors to the electric lamps must be at least 0.5 meters. This requirement follows from clause 13.3.6 N SP 5.13130.2009.
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