How to conduct a fun chemistry lesson in the kitchen and make it safe and interesting for your child? Let's try to conduct a real chemical experiment - a volcano in an ordinary dinner plate. For this experiment you will need the following materials and reagents:

A piece of plasticine (from which we will make the volcano itself);

Plate;

Acetic acid;

Baking soda;

Dishwashing liquid;

Dye.

The components listed above can easily be found in every home or in the hardware department of a nearby store. They are quite safe, but, like any other, they will also require compliance with safety regulations.

Description of work:

1. From plasticine we make the base of the volcano and a cone with a hole. We connect them, carefully sealing the edges. We get a plasticine model of a volcano with slopes. Inner size Our design should have a circle with a diameter of about 100 - 200 mm. Before installing the model on a plate or tray, we check our volcano for leaks: fill it with water and see if it lets it through. If everything is in order, we install the model of the volcano on the plate.
2. Now let's move on to the next part - preparing the lava. We pour into our plasticine volcano model one tablespoon of baking soda, dishwashing liquid in the same volume and a dye that will color the future eruption in a color corresponding to real lava. To achieve maximum similarity, you can use children's paints for drawing and even regular beetroot juice. This chemical experience should be recreated in nature in the eyes of a child.
3. To trigger an eruption, you need to pour a quarter of a cup of vinegar into the crater. In the process, the combination of soda and acetic acid leads to the formation of which is an unstable compound and immediately breaks down into water and carbon dioxide. It is this foaming process that will give our eruption the appearance of a real volcano with lava flows along the slopes. Chemical experience finished.

Demonstration of an active volcano at school

In addition to the type of demonstration of a safe eruption described above, there are many more ways to get a volcano on the table. But it is better to carry out these experiments in specially prepared premises - school chemical laboratories. The Böttger volcano is the most well-known to everyone from school. To carry it out, you need ammonium dichromate, which is poured into a mound and a depression is made at the top. A piece of cotton wool soaked in alcohol is placed in the crater and set on fire. During the reaction, nitrogen, water and water are formed. The reaction that occurs is very similar to the eruption of an active volcano.

For memorization, as well as for the development of erudition in children, it is good to connect such a chemical experience with some of the most famous example eruptions in the history of human civilization, for example, with the explosion of Vesuvius in Italy, especially since it can be wonderfully and usefully illustrated by a reproduction of the great painting by Karl Bryullov “The Last Day of Pompeii” (1827-1833).

A story about a rather rare and useful profession volcanologist. These specialists constantly observe extinct and currently active volcanoes and make assumptions regarding the possible time and strength of their future eruptions.

enrich children's consciousness with new content that contributes to the accumulation of ideas about the world around them;

expand children’s understanding of objects and phenomena of inanimate nature;

develop activity, initiative and independence in cognitive activity.

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Experimental activity “Volcanic eruption”

Target:

Cognitive development:

enrich children's consciousness with new content that contributes to the accumulation of ideas about the world around them;

expand children’s understanding of objects and phenomena of inanimate nature;

develop activity, initiative and independence in cognitive activity.

Speech development:

expand lexicon on the basis of the rich ideas about the world that children are developing, to activate them in independent statements;

activate vocabulary in speech practice: lava, volcano, volcanologists, ash, dormant volcano, active volcano, extinct volcano, etc.

Social and communicative development:

cultivate interest and desire for creative knowledge of the world around us

create a condition within the lesson for independent cognitive activity children.

support the child’s desire to actively engage in interactions with peers and adults;

form equal, friendly relationships between peers;

Physical development:

Strengthen children's health.

Problem question: What is a volcano?

Hypotheses: 1. A volcano is a fire-breathing mountain.

2. A volcano is an ordinary mountain.

Equipment:

pictures of volcanoes;

pallets;

video film;

soda;

lemon acid;

dry red paint;

washing liquid;

teaspoons;

pipettes;

glasses of water;

napkins

clarity: pictures of natural phenomena,

preliminary work: acquaintance with natural phenomena.

Progress of the study

Hello guys. I'm glad to meet you. My name is…

Let's enjoy the sun and the birds,

Let's enjoy smiling faces,

Let's say good morning to our friends. ...

Good morning, let's say to the guests...

My children love to observe natural phenomena. What natural phenomena do you like to observe? … (Pictures)

My children have prepared a riddle for you. What natural phenomenon can we observe in spring, summer, and autumn? …….)

If the children find it difficult, the teacher uses a riddle

Let me help you. Guess the riddle:

The field, forest and meadow are wet,

City, house and everything around!

He is the leader of clouds and clouds,

You know this is -.

RAIN

But we won't talk about rain. About what? About such a mysterious, enigmatic, amazing and formidable natural phenomenon as a “volcanic eruption.”

Listen to an interesting legend.

“There lived a god named Vulcan and he liked blacksmithing - standing at an anvil, hitting iron with a heavy hammer, fanning the fire in the forge. He built himself a blacksmith inside a tall mountain. And the mountain stood right in the middle of the sea. When the volcano hammered, the mountain trembled from top to bottom, and the roar and roar echoed far around. From the hole at the top of the mountain, hot stones, fire and ash flew with a deafening roar.

Since then, people began to call all fire-breathing mountains “volcanoes.” “The volcano is working,” people said with fear, and went to live away from this place.

Nowadays, to prevent disaster from happening, scientists specifically monitor volcanoes. They record their observations using a video camera.

I invite you to the cinema. Gesture. Come on in. Take a seat. ...

The viewing is accompanied by explanations from the teacher.

2 fragment: - Lava is melted stones. It flows down the slope and flows out very, very far from the volcano. Along the way, it burns grass and trees, destroys everything living and inanimate, turning it into ashes. When lava flows far from the volcano, it hardens and turns into stones.

Fragment 3: See what a volcanic eruption looks like at night. Like a fiery river of lava flows.

How does a volcanic eruption begin? (First appears... smoke)

How does lava spread?)

What remains after a volcanic eruption? ... (frozen stones, burnt trees) ...

We observed an active volcano. And there are also dormant and extinct ones.

Which volcano do you think is called dormant? ... A sleeper is a volcano that looks like an ordinary mountain, but can explode with fiery lava at any moment.

I tried to make a model of a sleeping volcano. Exhibits

It seems? … How? ... (shape, there is a hole on top). The volcano is cone-shaped.

Top part with funnel. This is a volcano crater.

The crater of the volcano is a huge bowl with steep slopes, and at the bottom there is a reddish-orange mouth - this is a vent, a hole that goes deep into the ground.

It's interesting to watch a volcano erupt. It's safer to do this in a movie theater. You can also make a model of a volcano and watch the lava erupt, bringing the volcano to life.

Before conducting an experiment to revive a volcano, I would like to check whether you know how to be attentive, careful, and not make prohibited movements.

The game is called "Forbidden Moves". Rule: it is forbidden to make such movements... Be careful, I will also show prohibited movements.

Everyone tried to be attentive. This means that during the experiment you will work carefully and carefully, following the instructions.

Look, on the tables there are models of volcanoes and equipment that will help us awaken them.

In order not to harm ourselves and others, we will work according to the scheme, observing the rules of safe behavior.

We must work carefully:

do not put anything in your mouth - symbol

carefully pour powder - symbol

carefully pour water - symbol

do not touch lava - symbol

use napkin symbol

To awaken a volcano, you need to:

put 1 spoon of red magic powder - symbol

pipette 5 drops of yellow liquid - symbol

add water no more than 4 spoons - symbol

The eruption begins after water is added, but not immediately. You need to check how many spoons of water to add to make the lava flow.

We take jobs. Each has its own volcano model, measuring spoon and pipette. The experiment diagram, red powder, yellow liquid, water and the diagram lie in the center for two. It will be necessary to come to an agreement so as not to interfere with another’s careful conduct of the experiment.

So what do we need to check? ... We need to check how many spoons of water to add to make the lava flow.

Children conduct an experiment. The teacher advises and monitors compliance with the rules of safe behavior.

What beautiful, wonderful, unusual volcanoes you brought to life.

After what order of spoons did lava begin to appear? ...

Who had lava pour out very quickly? ...

When did the lava flow faster, after three or four spoons? ... So, in order to observe longer, it is better to add three tablespoons of water.

So, today we talked about a volcanic eruption. Did you like it? ...Can you tell the other children in the group about this? ... I think you will succeed. And for this I give you an album with photographs of the volcano, a diagram of the experiment, composition for the experiment and a model of the volcano.

How can a child talk about what a volcano is in an accessible and interesting way? You can, of course, arm yourself with books with cross-sectional pictures of a volcano and try to explain in words how magma is thrown out. Or you can make a volcano yourself at home. You will not only satisfy the curiosity of the young researcher, but also awaken interest in various sciences: geography, chemistry and geology.

Making a volcano at home is very easy. Simple products you can find at home and simple cleaning products can create beautiful effects. It is recommended to conduct similar experiments with children six or seven years old: at this age they will be better able to understand the essence of the action taking place. Although such a spectacular spectacle will be interesting for both children and adults.

Purpose of the experiment- to form in children elementary representation about the natural phenomenon “volcano”, clearly show the interaction of alkali with acid (neutralization reaction).

Tasks:

• explain how volcanoes work and what danger they pose;
• tell what an acid-base environment is;
• arouse the child's interest in research;
• develop self-learning skills;
• Teach children about the existence of an acid-base environment.

Materials and tools:

• flask or bottle;
• cardboard for making a “mountain”;
• plasticine to give the volcano its shape;
• water;
• soda;
• lemon acid;
• orange or red food coloring or gouache;
• dishwashing liquid;
• container for mixing ingredients and spoon;
• stapler;
• Plastic container;
• small figures (different types of animals, trees, stones).

Progress of the experiment

1. Let's make a volcano.

First you need to find a suitable container. You can use either a flask or a small juice or yogurt bottle. To give the bottle the appearance of a mountain, we make a blank from cardboard. Cut out a circle and make one cut along the radius. Fold the circle into a cone and secure it firmly with a stapler. Cut off the top of the cone.

We insert our container inside the figure - we get the frame of a volcano. Using plasticine, you need to give the volcano a shape: coat the cardboard with plasticine, make a “crater”, masking the neck of the container.

We place the volcano blank in a plastic container (or in a basin). We create an environment using different types animals (dinosaurs, animals), trees, stones. We pour stones at the foot of the volcano, arrange trees, arrange animals.

2. Prepare 2 lava solutions

First solution: fill the container with 2/3 of water, add food coloring (or gouache), a few drops of dishwashing detergent (so that there is a lot of foam) and 5 tablespoons of soda.

Second solution: dilute citric acid (recommended ratio - 5 tablespoons to 1.5 cups of water).

3. Let's start the eruption

Mix the mixture thoroughly in the volcano container. Slowly pour the citric acid solution into the mouth.

Watch the magic happen: a dormant volcano awakens and turns into a fire-breathing mountain!

Result of the experiment

Fiery red foam erupts from the crater of the volcano.

Scientific explanation

The volcano erupts as a result of the interaction of two substances - soda and citric acid. In chemistry, this process is called a neutralization reaction. Acid and alkali (soda) neutralize each other, releasing carbon dioxide. CO₂ foams the mixture poured into the crater and causes the mass to overflow over the edges of the crater. Dish soap makes the lava bubble more. We recommend conducting another experiment with a volcano, but this time with glowing lava.

Much has already been written about the use baking soda in one area or another. The properties of this substance allow it to be used in the kitchen for cooking and at home for cleaning. various surfaces from fat and plaque, in treatment various diseases and so on. Another use of sodium bicarbonate is the ability to organize educational shows for children, for example, you can make your own volcano from soda.

Stock up on baking soda and vinegar because your kids will ask for it again and again!

This is possible due to the ability of soda to react violently with certain substances, such as vinegar. And one of the most common experiments involving this property of sodium bicarbonate is the demonstration of a volcanic eruption. Below is a detailed look at how to make a volcano from baking soda.

Volcano eruption experience

The first thing you need to know is why such a reaction occurs when combining soda and vinegar. Without going into details: soda has pronounced alkaline properties, while vinegar, on the contrary, has acidic properties. When their molecules combine, both environments are neutralized to neutral, resulting in the release of carbon dioxide, the rapid release of which causes the appearance of foam.

Experience with the combination of these substances can be used not only as a demonstration natural phenomenon. This good timing to explain the basics of the interaction of various substances and reactions between them.

Preparation for the experiment begins with making the volcano itself. This can be done in several ways, which will result in reusable or disposable inventory. To create the first one, you will have to put in more effort and time, but the second one is suitable for a spontaneous decision to please children with an interesting show.

Method No. 1

IN in this case What is being created is a reusable model for repeated execution of the experiment.

To make the Vulcan body, the following components are needed:

• an ordinary 1.5 liter plastic bottle for any drink;
• a flat plastic lid (for example, from disposable food containers);
• tape of any kind;

• plaster or alabaster (can be replaced salt dough);
• gouache with PVA glue, in a ratio of 1:1 (replacement possible acrylic paint);
• tray or cutting board (as a base);
• paper;
• foil.

Sequencing:

1. Building the foundation. Plastic bottle it is necessary to cut it by measuring the desired height of the cone (the upper part is needed). The resulting base is carefully attached to the above with tape plastic cover.
2. Attaching the base of the volcano to the base. The resulting structure is attached with tape to a tray or cutting board. You can also use a suitable piece of plywood or thin board as a base.
3. Forming a cone. Using pieces of paper and tape, a cone is formed around the bottle with the upper base at the edges of the neck. To avoid subsequent soaking of the paper pulp, the cone is wrapped in foil.
4. Finishing the “walls” of the volcano. Dilute gypsum or alabaster to a thick sour cream. The resulting mixture covers the slopes of the “fire-breathing mountain.” Using a toothpick or fork, the relief of “mountain slopes” and trenches are formed for the preferential movement of “lava”.
5. Final finishing. After the “slopes” have completely dried, they should be painted with gouache mixed with PVA. It's best to use brown and black paint and touch up the "lava" troughs a little with red.

After preparing the “volcano”, you need to deal with the “lava”. It, of course, needs to be prepared immediately before the demonstration of the “eruption”. The components in this case are:

• baking soda - 10 g;
• dishwashing detergent - 2 drops;
• gouache or red food coloring;
• vinegar - 10−15 ml.

This quantity of ingredients is indicated for minimum quantity"lava" and low "volcano". If it is necessary to increase the intensity of the “eruption”, the amount of all components increases accordingly. The sequence of actions in this case is as follows:

1. Combine baking soda, the chosen type of dye and dishwashing detergent, stirring thoroughly.
2. Pour the resulting mixture into the “volcano mouth”.
3. Add vinegar carefully to the “mouth” and enjoy the result.

For a more active reaction, vinegar can be poured in quickly. By the way, the added dishwashing detergent is responsible for this.

Method No. 2

As mentioned above, a volcano made using the previous method allows you to obtain a prop that can be used repeatedly. However, this takes quite a significant amount of time. For one-time use, you can make props using a simplified method.

The ingredients in this case will be:

• sheet of cardboard;
• plasticine;
• small jar;
• tray or cutting board (as a base).

The sequence of actions is as follows:

1. Roll the cardboard into a cone, giving the required “slope” angle. Glue it in this position or secure it with tape. Cut off the top part to obtain a “vent”.
2. The outer part of the cardboard is covered with plasticine, forming “ledges” and “grooves”.
3. Before demonstrating the experiment, the jar is filled with a mixture of soda, dishwashing detergent and dye, after which it is placed on the base and covered with a “mountain” cone.
4. Next, vinegar is poured into the mouth and the “eruption” begins.

It is possible to conduct an experiment with citric acid or lemon juice. In this case, vinegar is not used, and soda should be added last.

The properties of baking soda allow this product to be used in the most different situations. And as everything described above shows, even as a means of entertainment or to broaden the horizons of children. Thanks to the simple preparation and the ability of soda to react violently with vinegar, you can give your children an unforgettable spectacle that they will ask for pleasure from more than once.

You can watch a volcano erupt at home not only on TV. With the help of a small chemical experiment you will arrange a real eruption on a fabulous island.

From this article you will learn

All that is needed

You will need a little experience household chemicals And decorative elements to create an island. An island with a volcano can be made from natural materials or use dinosaur sensory box sets.

A model of a volcano is made from plasticine. Creating a fabulous volcanic island for the experience is its main component and serves to develop the child’s imagination and creativity. Such activities will help instill a love for chemistry and geography. The child will develop fine motor skills of the fingers while making plasticine terrain and its inhabitants.

To make an island you need:

• cardboard;
• stapler or narrow tape;
• box with colored plasticine;
• small animal toys;
• colorful pebbles;
• big plastic box or a bowl in which the island will stand;
• glass or plastic container with a volume of 200 ml for the volcano crater.

To conduct the experiment you will need:

• soda 20 g;
• food coloring:
• vinegar 9%;
• dish detergent 25 ml;
• water 100 ml.

Usually the experiment continues until mom runs out of all the baking soda and vinegar, so be patient.

Children cannot carry out the experiment on their own without adults. If vinegar gets into a child's eyes or mouth, it can cause a burn to the mucous membranes, and if swallowed, it can cause a burn to the esophagus.

Making a fairytale island

You can build an island in a large plastic container. Pour real water and line the bottom with round pebbles. Make a container for the volcano from a jar for baby food or an old glass. For the mountain inside which the container will stand, you need to make a cardboard model; your child will be happy to cover it with plasticine.

The sequence of making a volcanic mountain:

• cut out a circle of the required diameter from thick cardboard;
• make a cut from the edge to the center of the circle;
• roll up a cone;
• the edges of the cone are fastened with a stapler or tape;
• cut off the upper part of the cone at a height equal to the container chosen for the volcano;
• place the container inside the cone.

I coat the top of the mountain with plasticine. To do this, roll out small plasticine cakes. Brown and stick to a paper cone, completely covering the cardboard. The top of the volcano can be made of red plasticine, which will imitate hot lava.

They place a volcanic mountain on a dry island of pebbles. They are seated around small rubber animals that are among children's toys. Multi-colored amazing dinosaurs or wolves, foxes, bunnies, bears and other inhabitants of the forest and jungle. Depending on what animals were planted, vegetation for the island is selected. Large tree ferns and horsetails for dinosaurs, and ordinary fir trees and birches for bunnies and foxes.

Plastic plants are also often sold in sets for children's games. You can use a leaf of a living fern and twigs of plants if it is summer outside. Plants can also be molded from plasticine, made from threads and beads or regular cardboard.

You can make small houses out of cardboard for plastic Indians and soldiers. It is better to use cardboard to make plants and houses when the island is in a container with blue-dyed sand instead of water or on a blue plasticine sea.

Conducting an experiment

Finally the island is ready. All the toy animals and people froze in anticipation of an interesting event - a volcanic eruption. They know that the volcano is not real and therefore are not afraid of it.

To conduct the experiment, pour a tablespoon of soda into the volcano jar. Add a tablespoon of dishwashing detergent. Food coloring red or orange color dissolve in 100 milligrams of water and add to soda and detergent. The base for the experiment is ready, all that remains is to add vinegar. For mom, you can let your child pour vinegar into the volcano on his own, under her supervision, so that he doesn’t do it in her absence. It is better to repeat the experiment for an encore, pouring vinegar into the “mouth” of the volcano and pouring soda into it until the child is interested in it and asks to repeat the experiment.

When vinegar is added, the baking soda will begin to foam, erupting from the “volcano mouth” like red or orange lava. Detergent will allow the “lava” to foam longer and more abundantly, overflowing from the vent and flooding the surroundings along with plants and animals that, through carelessness, settled too close.

Afterword

The safest way to experiment with a volcano for young children is to use baking soda and vinegar. It can be repeated many times, and get necessary materials experience will not be difficult.

The most interesting thing about the experience is creating your own fairy-tale island with your child, which can be used not only for the “Volcano” chemical experiment, but also for an exciting game.

With older children, you can conduct the “Vulcan” experiment at home using
, potassium permanganate and glycerin. For the experiment, ammonium dichromate is poured into an evaporation bowl in the form of a slide, in the middle of which a depression is made. Add a little potassium permanganate and a few drops of glycerin to the recess.

After a few minutes, due to the interaction of potassium permanganate and glycerin, the ammonium dichromate will ignite. Sparks will shoot out from the volcano in all directions, and a fountain of fire will begin to erupt. Before starting the experiment, the bowl must be placed on foil so as not to burn the surface on which the experiment will take place.

Ammonium dichromate can simply be set on fire, and it will burn like a volcano, spewing sparks. The experience is exciting, but children should not be allowed to do it without the presence of adults. Burns can be caused not only by sparks, but also by the chemicals used.

Good luck with your experiments!