Choosing a gift for an eleven-year-old nephew, I could not do without a book))). It was decided to search among the books aimed at the maximum distraction of the guy from modern gadgets. Since he is very smart and inquisitive with us, I hope that summer vacation he will be bored without a tablet, but with the help of this book and another gift, but that's another topic. I stopped at "Funny scientific experiments for children. 30 exciting experiments at home", Yegor Belko, publishing house Peter.

ISBN 978-5-496-01343-7

Home experiments. There is probably no child who would not be interested and would not want to build an erupting volcano at home or “settle” a cloud in a jar, a rainbow in a glass, push an egg into a bottle after all, or grow a purple chamomile. And even more so when everything that is needed for these experiments is at home: on the desktop or in mom's kitchen, and no special reagents and chemicals are needed. The most “dangerous” experiment in this book is probably vinegar.

Each spread contains a detailed description of the experiment: necessary materials, a description of the preparation and progress of the experiment and its scientific explanation, as well as clear and colorful illustrated tips. All experiments are very simple, and everything you need to carry them out can be easily found in every home. From the age of 6-7, I think, it is already possible to give a book to a child for independent study, and until this age, you can have a great time with your mother, and even better with your dad (dads are better able to explain the properties of objects and materials, they somehow easier and more understandable

My daughter is almost 3 years old, but we love to experiment too. For example, we have already done, built a whole installation mountain top and a volcano erupting in it, and with ice, and simply painted with "soda" paints, and then "foamed" the drawing with vinegar or, possibly, with a solution of citric acid. The delight of the child is guaranteed, and even if he does not understand the reason for what is happening, he will certainly remember the impressions of what he saw. The purpose and task of such activities with a child is to simply and easily show that there is a simple explanation for any phenomenon of nature or human life, and we can still understand its components; awaken the child's interest in everything that has a logical scientific explanation, but does not give an impulse to curiosity at first sight; teach the child to seek the truth of what is happening; and just to make it clear that from any object or material found in the kitchen, in the yard or in the bathroom, you can make something interesting and exciting with your own hands. We have already sent the book to my nephew, but I photographed all the spreads to repeat the experiments with my daughter. There is a lot of information about such things on the net now, and if you try, you can make your own book of “home experiments”, but if you don’t want to spend a lot of time searching or just a holiday is on the nose of your favorite kids, then this book is worthy of attention.

My personal experience of teaching chemistry has shown that such a science as chemistry is very difficult to study without any initial knowledge and practice. Schoolchildren very often run this subject. I personally observed how a student of the 8th grade at the word "chemistry" began to frown, as if he had eaten a lemon.

Later it turned out that because of dislike and misunderstanding of the subject, he skipped school in secret from his parents. Of course, school program is designed in such a way that the teacher should give a lot of theory at the first chemistry lessons. Practice, as it were, fades into the background precisely at the moment when the student cannot yet independently realize whether he needs this subject in the future. This is primarily due to the laboratory equipment of schools. In big cities, things are better now with reagents and instruments. As for the province, as well as 10 years ago, and at present, many schools do not have the opportunity to conduct laboratory classes. But the process of studying and fascination with chemistry, as well as with other natural sciences, usually begins with experiments. And it is no coincidence. Many famous chemists, such as Lomonosov, Mendeleev, Paracelsus, Robert Boyle, Pierre Curie and Maria Sklodowska-Curie (schoolchildren also study all these researchers in physics classes) have already started experimenting since childhood. The great discoveries of these great people were made in home chemical laboratories, since chemistry classes at institutes were available only to wealthy people.

And, of course, the most important thing is to interest the child and convey to him that chemistry surrounds us everywhere, so the process of studying it can be very exciting. Homes are here to help. chemical experiments. Observing such experiments, one can further look for an explanation of why things happen this way and not otherwise. And when a young researcher comes across such concepts at school lessons, the teacher’s explanations will be more understandable to him, since he will already have his own experience in conducting home chemical experiments and the knowledge gained.

It is very important to start learning natural sciences from ordinary observations and examples from life, which, in your opinion, will be most successful for your child. Here is some of them. Water is Chemical substance, consisting of two elements, as well as gases dissolved in it. Man also contains water. We know that where there is no water, there is no life. A person can live without food for about a month, and without water - only a few days.

River sand is nothing but silicon oxide, and also the main raw material for glass production.

A person himself does not suspect it and carries out chemical reactions every second. The air we breathe is a mixture of gases - chemicals. In the process of exhalation, another complex substance is released - carbon dioxide. We can say that we ourselves are a chemical laboratory. You can explain to the child that washing hands with soap is also a chemical process of water and soap.

An older child who, for example, has already begun to study chemistry at school, can be explained that almost all elements of the periodic system of D. I. Mendeleev can be found in the human body. In a living organism, not only all chemical elements are present, but each of them performs some biological function.

Chemistry is also medicines, without which at present many people cannot live even a day.

Plants also contain the chemical chlorophyll, which gives the leaf its green color.

Cooking is a complex chemical process. Here you can give an example of how the dough rises when yeast is added.

One of the options for getting a child interested in chemistry is to take an individual outstanding researcher and read the story of his life or watch an educational film about him (films about D.I. Mendeleev, Paracelsus, M.V. Lomonosov, Butlerov are now available).

Many believe that real chemistry is harmful substances, it is dangerous to experiment with them, especially at home. There are many very exciting experiences that you can do with your child without harming your health. And these home chemical experiments will be no less exciting and instructive than those that come with explosions, pungent odors and puffs of smoke.

Some parents are also afraid to conduct chemical experiments at home because of their complexity or the lack of the necessary equipment and reagents. It turns out that you can get by with improvised means and those substances that every housewife has in the kitchen. You can buy them at your nearest household store or pharmacy. Test tubes for home chemical experiments can be replaced with pill bottles. Reagents can be stored in glass jars, e.g. baby food or mayonnaise.

It is worth remembering that the dishes with reagents must have a label with the inscription and be tightly closed. Sometimes the tubes need to be heated. In order not to hold it in your hands when heated and not get burned, you can build such a device using a clothespin or a piece of wire.

It is also necessary to allocate several steel and wooden spoons for mixing.

You can make a stand for holding test tubes yourself by drilling through holes in the bar.

To filter the resulting substances, you will need a paper filter. It is very easy to make it according to the diagram given here.

For children who do not yet go to school or are studying in elementary grades, setting up home chemical experiments with their parents will be a kind of game. Most likely, such a young researcher will not yet be able to explain some individual laws and reactions. However, it is possible that just such an empirical way of discovering the surrounding world, nature, man, plants through experiments will lay the foundation for the study of natural sciences in the future. You can even arrange original competitions in the family - who will have the most successful experience and then demonstrate them at family holidays.

Regardless of the age of the child and his ability to read and write, I advise you to have a laboratory journal in which you can record experiments or sketch. A real chemist must write down a work plan, a list of reagents, sketches of instruments and describes the progress of work.

When you and your child just begin to study this science of substances and conduct home chemical experiments, the first thing to remember is safety.

To do this, follow the following safety rules:

2. It is better to allocate a separate table for conducting chemical experiments at home. If you do not have a separate table at home, then it is better to conduct experiments on a steel or iron tray or pallet.

3. It is necessary to get thin and thick gloves (they are sold in a pharmacy or hardware store).

4. For chemical experiments, it is best to buy a lab coat, but you can also use a thick apron instead of a dressing gown.

5. Laboratory glassware should not be used for food.

6. In home chemical experiments, there should be no cruelty to animals and violation of the ecological system. Acidic chemical waste should be neutralized with soda, and alkaline with acetic acid.

7. If you want to check the smell of a gas, liquid or reagent, never bring the vessel directly to your face, but, holding it at a certain distance, direct, waving your hand, the air above the vessel towards you and at the same time smell the air.

8. Always use small amounts of reagents in home experiments. Avoid leaving reagents in a container without an appropriate inscription (label) on the bottle, from which it should be clear what is in the bottle.

The study of chemistry should begin with simple chemical experiments at home, allowing the child to master the basic concepts. A series of experiments 1-3 allow you to get acquainted with the basic aggregate states of substances and the properties of water. To begin with, you can show a preschooler how sugar and salt dissolve in water, accompanying this with an explanation that water is a universal solvent and is a liquid. Sugar or salt are solids that dissolve in liquids.

Experience number 1 "Because - without water and neither here nor there"

Water is a liquid chemical substance composed of two elements as well as gases dissolved in it. Man also contains water. We know that where there is no water, there is no life. A person can live without food for about a month, and without water - only a few days.

Reagents and equipment: 2 test tubes, soda, citric acid, water

Experiment: Take two test tubes. Pour in equal amounts of soda and citric acid. Then pour water into one of the test tubes, and not into the other. In a test tube in which water was poured, carbon dioxide began to be released. In a test tube without water - nothing has changed

Discussion: This experiment explains the fact that many reactions and processes in living organisms are impossible without water, and water also accelerates many chemical reactions. Schoolchildren can be explained that an exchange reaction has taken place, as a result of which carbon dioxide has been released.

Experience number 2 "What is dissolved in tap water"

Reagents and equipment: clear glass, tap water

Experiment: Pour tap water into a transparent glass and put it in a warm place for an hour. After an hour, you will see settled bubbles on the walls of the glass.

Discussion: Bubbles are nothing but gases dissolved in water. Gases dissolve better in cold water. As soon as the water becomes warm, the gases cease to dissolve and settle on the walls. A similar home chemical experiment also makes it possible to acquaint the child with the gaseous state of matter.

Experience No. 3 “What is dissolved in mineral water or water is a universal solvent”

Reagents and equipment: test tube, mineral water, candle, magnifying glass

Experiment: Pour mineral water into a test tube and slowly evaporate it over a candle flame (the experiment can be done on the stove in a saucepan, but the crystals will be less visible). As the water evaporates, small crystals will remain on the walls of the test tube, all of them of different shapes.

Discussion: Crystals are salts dissolved in mineral water. They have different shape and size, since each crystal has its own chemical formula. With a child who has already begun to study chemistry at school, you can read the label on mineral water, which indicates its composition and write the formulas of the compounds contained in mineral water.

Experiment No. 4 "Filtration of water mixed with sand"

Reagents and equipment: 2 test tubes, funnel, paper filter, water, river sand

Experiment: Pour water into a test tube and dip a little river sand into it, mix. Then, according to the scheme described above, make a filter out of paper. Insert a dry, clean test tube into a rack. Slowly pour the sand/water mixture through a filter paper funnel. River sand will remain on the filter, and you will get clean water in a tripod tube.

Discussion: Chemical experience allows us to show that there are substances that do not dissolve in water, for example, river sand. The experience also introduces one of the methods of cleaning mixtures of substances from impurities. Here you can introduce the concepts of pure substances and mixtures, which are given in the 8th grade chemistry textbook. In this case, the mixture is sand with water, the pure substance is the filtrate, and river sand is the sediment.

The filtration process (described in Grade 8) is used here to separate a mixture of water and sand. To diversify the study of this process, you can delve a little into the history of drinking water purification.

Filtration processes were used as early as the 8th and 7th centuries BC. in the state of Urartu (now it is the territory of Armenia) for the purification of drinking water. Its inhabitants built plumbing system using filters. Thick cloth and charcoal were used as filters. Similar systems of intertwined drainpipes, clay canals, equipped with filters were also on the territory of the ancient Nile among the ancient Egyptians, Greeks and Romans. Water was passed through such a filter repeatedly through such a filter several times, eventually many times, ultimately achieving the best water quality.

One of the most interesting experiments is growing crystals. The experience is very clear and gives an idea of ​​many chemical and physical concepts.

Experience number 5 "Grow sugar crystals"

Reagents and equipment: two glasses of water; sugar - five glasses; wooden skewers; thin paper; pot; transparent cups; food coloring (the proportions of sugar and water can be reduced).

Experiment: The experiment should begin with the preparation of sugar syrup. We take a pan, pour 2 cups of water and 2.5 cups of sugar into it. We put on medium heat and, stirring, dissolve all the sugar. Pour the remaining 2.5 cups of sugar into the resulting syrup and cook until completely dissolved.

Now let's prepare the embryos of crystals - sticks. Scatter a small amount of sugar on a piece of paper, then dip the stick in the resulting syrup, and roll it in sugar.

We take the pieces of paper and pierce a hole in the middle with a skewer so that the piece of paper fits snugly against the skewer.

Then we pour the hot syrup into transparent glasses (it is important that the glasses are transparent - this way the process of crystal ripening will be more exciting and visual). The syrup must be hot or the crystals will not grow.

You can make colored sugar crystals. To do this, add a little food coloring to the resulting hot syrup and stir it.

The crystals will grow in different ways, some quickly and some may take longer. At the end of the experiment, the child can eat the resulting lollipops if he is not allergic to sweets.

If you do not have wooden skewers, then you can experiment with ordinary threads.

Discussion: A crystal is a solid state of matter. It has a certain shape and a certain number of faces due to the arrangement of its atoms. Crystalline substances are substances whose atoms are arranged regularly, so that they form a regular three-dimensional lattice, called a crystal. Crystals of a number of chemical elements and their compounds have remarkable mechanical, electrical, magnetic and optical properties. For example, diamond is a natural crystal and the hardest and rarest mineral. Due to its exceptional hardness, diamond plays a huge role in technology. Diamond saws cut stones. There are three ways to form crystals: crystallization from a melt, from a solution, and from a gas phase. An example of crystallization from a melt is the formation of ice from water (after all, water is molten ice). An example of crystallization from solution in nature is the precipitation of hundreds of millions of tons of salt from sea water. In this case, when growing crystals at home, we are dealing with the most common methods of artificial growing - crystallization from a solution. Sugar crystals grow from a saturated solution by slowly evaporating the solvent - water, or by slowly lowering the temperature.

The following experience allows you to get at home one of the most useful crystalline products for humans - crystalline iodine. Before conducting the experiment, I advise you to watch with your child a short film “The life of wonderful ideas. Smart iodine. The film gives an idea of ​​the benefits of iodine and the unusual story of its discovery, which will be remembered by the young researcher for a long time. And it is interesting because the discoverer of iodine was an ordinary cat.

The French scientist Bernard Courtois during the years of the Napoleonic Wars noticed that in the products obtained from the ashes of seaweed, which were thrown onto the coast of France, there is some substance that corrodes iron and copper vessels. But neither Courtois himself nor his assistants knew how to isolate this substance from the ashes of algae. Chance helped speed up the discovery.

At his small saltpeter plant in Dijon, Courtois was going to conduct several experiments. There were vessels on the table, one of which contained an alcoholic tincture of seaweed, and the other a mixture of sulfuric acid and iron. On the shoulders of the scientist sat his beloved cat.

There was a knock on the door, and the frightened cat jumped down and ran away, brushing the flasks on the table with its tail. The vessels broke, the contents mixed, and suddenly a violent chemical reaction began. When a small cloud of vapors and gases settled, the surprised scientist saw some kind of crystalline coating on the objects and debris. Courtois began to explore it. Crystals to anyone before this unknown substance were called "iodine".

So a new element was discovered, and Bernard Courtois's domestic cat went down in history.

Experience No. 6 "Obtaining iodine crystals"

Reagents and equipment: tincture of pharmaceutical iodine, water, a glass or a cylinder, a napkin.

Experiment: We mix water with tincture of iodine in the proportion: 10 ml of iodine and 10 ml of water. And put everything in the refrigerator for 3 hours. During cooling, the iodine will precipitate at the bottom of the glass. We drain the liquid, take out the iodine precipitate and put it on a napkin. Squeeze with napkins until the iodine begins to crumble.

Discussion: This chemical experiment is called extraction or extraction of one component from another. In this case, the water extracts the iodine from the spirit lamp solution. Thus, the young researcher will repeat the experience of the cat Courtois without smoke and beating dishes.

Your child will already learn about the benefits of iodine for disinfecting wounds from the movie. Thus, you show that there is an inextricable link between chemistry and medicine. However, it turns out that iodine can be used as an indicator or analyzer of the content of another useful substance - starch. The following experience will introduce the young experimenter to a separate very useful chemistry - analytical.

Experience No. 7 "Iodine-indicator of starch content"

Reagents and equipment: fresh potatoes, pieces of banana, apple, bread, a glass of diluted starch, a glass of diluted iodine, a pipette.

Experiment: We cut the potatoes into two parts and drip diluted iodine on it - the potatoes turn blue. Then we drip a few drops of iodine into a glass of diluted starch. The liquid also turns blue.

We drip with a pipette the iodine dissolved in water on an apple, banana, bread, in turn.

Watching:

The apple didn't turn blue at all. Banana - slightly blue. Bread - turned blue very much. This part of the experience shows the presence of starch in various foods.

Discussion: Starch, reacting with iodine, gives a blue color. This property gives us the ability to detect the presence of starch in various foods. Thus, iodine is, as it were, an indicator or analyzer of the starch content.

As you know, starch can be converted into sugar, if you take an unripe apple and drop iodine, it will turn blue, since the apple is not yet ripe. As soon as the apple ripens, all the starch contained will turn into sugar and the apple does not turn blue at all when treated with iodine.

The following experience will be useful for children who have already started studying chemistry at school. It introduces concepts such as chemical reaction, compound reaction, and qualitative reaction.

Experiment No. 8 "Flame coloring or compound reaction"

Reagents and equipment: tweezers, table salt, spirit lamp

Experiment: Take with tweezers a few large crystals table salt table salt. Let's hold them over the flame of the burner. The flame will turn yellow.

Discussion: This experiment allows chemical reaction combustion, which is an example of a compound reaction. Due to the presence of sodium in the composition of table salt, during combustion, it reacts with oxygen. As a result, a new substance is formed - sodium oxide. The appearance of a yellow flame indicates that the reaction has passed. Such reactions are qualitative reactions to compounds containing sodium, that is, it can be used to determine whether sodium is present in a substance or not.

Doing chemistry experiments at home is very exciting. You can feel like a little experimenter, a little pioneer, a little magician.

Here pink and transparent solutions are mixed, the result is green. A cloud flew into the bottle on the windowsill. When heated, a mysterious message appears on a clean sheet, and snakes crawled out of the burning sand. You say that this is impossible and without magic it could not have done? But all these phenomena are based on chemical laws. And for their implementation, you will need "reagents" that everyone has at home, or they can be purchased at a regular pharmacy.

Buy chemical experiments for children

Now in the department for schoolchildren you can see sets for young chemist. This kit contains materials for 3-5 experiments. It's interesting, it's exciting and spectacular. In addition, a child who sets up an experiment with his own hands and examines the result will find it easier to understand what the teacher is talking about in a chemistry lesson. The only negative is that these kits are not cheap. But many experiments can be done by looking for reagents at home.

Chemical experiments for children at home: "A cloud in a bottle"

Pour 1 tbsp into a clear plastic bottle. l. alcohol (can be replaced with water, but the reaction will be less active). Twist the bottle so that the alcohol spreads along the walls. Start pumping air into the bottle with the pump (20 pumps is enough). Remove the pump, the bottle has become cold and a cloud will appear in it.

Explanation.

Water molecules, evaporating (alcohol evaporates faster), hover in the air. In the experiment, "water" evaporated from the walls. As the pressure in the bottle increases, the molecules collide and contract. With a sharp drop in pressure, the air temperature drops sharply. This causes the "water" molecules to stick together or condense in the air into small droplets - clouds.

Chemical experiments for children video

Chemistry experiments for children games: "Spy"

Who in childhood did not dream of having a pen with invisible ink when what is written comes through only with a special impact, and an outsider sees only a blank sheet? Such ink can be made in at least 2 ways.

Method 1. Dip the brush in milk (or soda solution) and start writing a message on white paper. After the milk dries, the leaf will become clean again. But if you iron it with an iron, the image will be visible on it.

Explanation.

The ink begins to show when exposed to heat. The combustion temperature of milk is much lower than that of paper. And when the milk "burns", the paper remains white.

Method 2. Lemon juice or thick rice water is used instead of milk. And the role of the developer is water with a few drops of iodine.

Chemical experiments for children at home "Egg Ball"

Put in a glass jar a raw egg(preferably with a brown shell) and pour vinegar. After a few hours, the shell will begin to "bubble". After 7-8 hours, the shell will dissolve and the egg will turn white. Leave the egg in the solution for a week.

Remove the egg from the solution after 7 days. The vinegar stays clear and the egg looks like a rubber ball. If you go into a dark room with an egg and shine a flashlight on it, it will begin to reflect light. And if you bring the light source closer, then the egg will be enlightened through.

Explanation.

The main component of the eggshell is calcium carbonate. Vinegar dissolves calcium. This process is called decalcification. The shell first becomes soft, and after a while it disappears.

Chemical experiments for children at home video

Chemical experiments at home for children "Volcano Eruption"

Take the Mentos out of the package. Place a bottle half-full of cola on the floor. Quickly pour Mentos into a bottle and run away, otherwise it will foam.

Explanation.

The rough surface of candy is where carbon dioxide is released. The reaction is enhanced by Asparam (a sweetener in cola), which reduces the surface tension of water, and therefore facilitates the release of CO2, sodium benzoate, caffeine; gelatin, gum arabic in dragee.

Think next time, maybe you should not drink delicious cola, so as not to provoke a similar reaction in your stomach?

Chemical experiments for children animation: "Crawling snakes"

The biblical legend says that Moses, arguing with the pharaoh, could not convince him and threw his staff on the ground, turning him into a snake. Now scientists have come to the conclusion that it was not a snake, but a chemical reaction.

Sulfanilamide snake.

Attach a streptocide tablet to a wire and heat over an open fire. Snakes will start to crawl out of the medicine. If you pick up one of them with tweezers, the snake will be long.

Explanation.

Any sulfanilamide tablet (sulgin, etazol, sulfadimethoxine, sulfadimezin, biseptol, fthalazol) is suitable for the experiment. During the heating of the preparation, rapid oxidation occurs in it with the release of gaseous substances (hydrogen sulfide and water vapor). The gas swells the mass and forms a "snake".

"Sweet" viper.

Pour 100 gr. sifted sand and soak it with 95% alcohol. Form a hill with a "crater" in the middle. Mix 1 teaspoon of icing sugar and ¼ teaspoon of baking soda and pour into a depression in the sand.

Ignite the alcohol (it takes several minutes to ignite). Black balls will begin to appear on the surface, black liquid will accumulate below. When the alcohol burns out, the mixture will turn black and a black snake will begin to crawl out of it, wriggling.

Explanation.

When soda decomposes and alcohol burns, carbon dioxide (CO2) and water vapor are released. Gases swell the mass, provoking it to crawl. The body of a snake is made up of small particles of coal mixed with sodium carbonate (Na2CO3), which is formed when sugar is burned).

Educational experiences for children

Does your kid love everything mysterious, mysterious and unusual? Then be sure to conduct with him the simple, but very interesting experiments described in this article. Most of them will surprise and even puzzle the child, give him the opportunity to see for himself in practice the unusual properties of ordinary objects, phenomena, their interaction with each other, understand the cause of what is happening and thereby gain practical experience.

Your son or daughter will certainly earn the respect of their peers by showing them experiences as tricks. For example, they can make cold water "boil" or use a lemon to launch a homemade rocket. Such entertainment can be included in the birthday program for children of preschool and primary school age.

invisible ink

half a lemon, cotton wool, a match, a cup of water, a sheet of paper.

1. Squeeze the juice from the lemon into a cup, add the same amount of water.

2. Let's dip a match or a toothpick with wound cotton wool in a solution of lemon juice and water and write something on paper with this match.

3. When the "ink" is dry, heat the paper over the included table lamp. Previously invisible words will appear on paper.

Lemon inflates a balloon

For the experience you will need:1 tsp baking soda, lemon juice, 3 tbsp. vinegar, balloon, electrical tape, glass and bottle, funnel.

1. Pour water into a bottle and dissolve a teaspoon of baking soda in it.

2. In a separate bowl, mix lemon juice and 3 tablespoons of vinegar and pour into a bottle through a funnel.

3. Quickly put the ball on the neck of the bottle and secure it tightly with electrical tape.

See what's happening! The baking soda and lemon juice mixed with vinegar react chemically, releasing carbon dioxide and creating pressure that inflates the balloon.

Lemon launches a rocket into space

For the experience you will need:bottle (glass), cork from a wine bottle, colored paper, glue, 3 tbsp lemon juice, 1 tsp. baking soda, a piece toilet paper.

1. Cut out from colored paper and glue on both sides wine cork strips of paper so that you get a mock-up rocket. We try on the "rocket" on the bottle so that the cork enters the neck of the bottle without effort.

2. Pour and mix water and lemon juice in a bottle.

3. Wrap baking soda in a piece of toilet paper so that you can stick it into the neck of the bottle and wrap it with thread.

4. We lower the bag of soda into the bottle and plug it with a rocket cork, but not too tightly.

5. We put the bottle on a plane and move to a safe distance. Our rocket with a loud bang will fly up. Just don't put it under a chandelier!

Scattering toothpicks

For the experience you will need:a bowl of water, 8 wooden toothpicks, a pipette, a piece of refined sugar (not instant), dishwashing liquid.

1. We have toothpicks with rays in a bowl of water.

2. Gently lower a piece of sugar into the center of the bowl - the toothpicks will begin to gather towards the center.

3. Remove the sugar with a teaspoon and drop a few drops of dishwashing liquid into the center of the bowl with a pipette - the toothpicks will “scatter”!

What is going on? The sugar sucks up the water, creating a movement that moves the toothpicks toward the center. Soap, spreading over the water, drags particles of water with it, and they cause the toothpicks to scatter. Explain to the children that you showed them a trick, and all tricks are based on certain natural physical phenomena which they will study in school.

mighty shell

For the experience you will need:4 eggshell halves, scissors, narrow sticky tape, several full cans.

1. Wrap duct tape around the middle of each eggshell half.

2. Cut off the excess shell with scissors so that the edges are even.

3. Put the four halves of the shell with the dome up so that they make a square.

4. Carefully put a jar on top, then another and another ... until the shell bursts.

The weight of how many jars could withstand the fragile shells? Add up the weights indicated on the labels and find out how many cans you can put in order to complete the trick. The secret of strength is in the domed shape of the shell.

teach an egg to swim

For the experience you will need:raw egg, a glass of water, a few tablespoons of salt.

1. Put a raw egg in a glass of clean tap water - the egg will sink to the bottom of the glass.

2. Take the egg out of the glass and dissolve a few tablespoons of salt in the water.

3. Dip the egg into a glass of salt water - the egg will remain floating on the surface of the water.

Salt increases the density of water. The more salt in the water, the more difficult it is to drown in it. In the famous Dead Sea, the water is so salty that a person without any effort can lie on its surface without fear of drowning.

"Bait" for ice

For the experience you will need:thread, ice cube, a glass of water, a pinch of salt.

Bet a friend that you can use a string to pull an ice cube out of a glass of water without getting your hands wet.

1. Dip the ice into the water.

2. Put the thread on the edge of the glass so that it lies at one end on an ice cube floating on the surface of the water.

3. Pour some salt on the ice and wait 5-10 minutes.

4. Take the free end of the thread and pull the ice cube out of the glass.

Salt, hitting the ice, slightly melts a small area of ​​it. Within 5-10 minutes, the salt dissolves in water, and pure water on the surface of the ice freezes along with the thread.

Can cold water "boil"?

For the experience you will need:a thick handkerchief, a glass of water, pharmaceutical gum.

1. Wet and wring out a handkerchief.

2. Pour a full glass of cold water.

3. Cover the glass with a handkerchief and fix it on the glass with a rubber band.

4. Push the middle of the scarf with your finger so that it is 2-3 cm immersed in water.

5. Turn the glass over the sink upside down.

6. With one hand we hold a glass, with the other we lightly hit its bottom. The water in the glass starts bubbling ("boiling").

A wet handkerchief does not let water through. When we hit the glass, a vacuum is formed in it, and air through the handkerchief begins to flow into the water, sucked in by the vacuum. It is these air bubbles that give the impression that the water is "boiling".

Straw pipette

For the experience you will need:straw for a cocktail, 2 glasses.

1. Put 2 glasses side by side: one with water, the other empty.

2. Dip the straw into the water.

3. Hold down index finger straw on top and transfer to an empty glass.

4. Remove your finger from the straw - water will flow into an empty glass. By doing the same several times, we can transfer all the water from one glass to another.

The pipette, which is probably in your home first aid kit, works on the same principle.

straw flute

For the experience you will need:wide straw for a cocktail and scissors.

1. Flatten the end of a straw about 15 mm long and cut its edges with scissors.

2. From the other end of the straw, cut 3 small holes at the same distance from each other.

This is how the "flute" came about. If you lightly blow into the straw, slightly squeezing it with your teeth, the "flute" will start to sound. If you close one or the other hole of the "flute" with your fingers, the sound will change. And now let's try to pick up some melody.

Rapier Straw

For the experience you will need:raw potato and 2 thin straws for a cocktail.

1. Put the potatoes on the table. Clamp the straw in your fist and with a sharp movement try to stick the straw into the potato. The straw will bend, but it will not pierce the potato.

2. Take the second straw. Close the hole at the top with your thumb.

3. Drop the straw sharply. She will easily enter the potato and pierce it.

The air that we squeezed with our thumb inside the straw makes it elastic and does not allow it to bend, so it easily pierces the potato.

bird in a cage

For the experience you will need:a piece of thick cardboard, compasses, scissors, colored pencils or felt-tip pens, thick threads, a needle and a ruler.

1. Cut out a circle of any diameter from cardboard.

2. We pierce two holes on the circle with a needle.

3. Through the holes on each side we will draw a thread about 50 cm long.

4. Draw a bird cage on the front side of the circle, and a small bird on the back side.

5. We rotate the cardboard circle, holding it by the ends of the threads. The threads will twist. Now let's pull their ends in different directions. The threads will unwind and rotate the circle in the opposite direction. It looks like the bird is in a cage. An animation effect is created, the rotation of the circle becomes invisible, and the bird "turns out" in a cage.

How does a square turn into a circle?

For the experience you will need:rectangular cardboard, pencil, felt-tip pen and ruler.

1. Put the ruler on the cardboard so that with one end it touches its corner, and with the other - the middle of the opposite side.

2. We put 25-30 dots on a cardboard with a felt-tip pen at a distance of 0.5 mm from each other.

3. Pierce the middle of the cardboard with a sharp pencil (the middle will be the intersection of the diagonal lines).

4. Rest the pencil vertically on the table, holding it with your hand. The cardboard should rotate freely on the tip of the pencil.

5. Unroll the cardboard.

A circle appears on a rotating cardboard. This is just a visual effect. Each dot on the cardboard rotates in a circle, as if creating a continuous line. The point closest to the tip moves the slowest, and we perceive its trace as a circle.

strong newspaper

For the experience you will need:long ruler and newspaper.

1. Put the ruler on the table so that it hangs halfway.

2. Fold the newspaper several times, put it on the ruler, hit hard on the hanging end of the ruler. The newspaper will fly off the table.

3. And now let's unfold the newspaper and cover the ruler with it, hit the ruler. The newspaper will only rise slightly, but will not fly away anywhere.

What is the focus? All objects experience air pressure. The larger the area of ​​the object, the stronger this pressure. Now it is clear why the newspaper has become so strong?

Mighty Breath

For the experience you will need:clothes hanger, strong threads, a book.

1. Tie a book with thread to a clothes hanger.

2. Hang the hanger on a clothesline.

3. We will stand near the book at a distance of approximately 30 cm. We will blow on the book with all our might. It will deviate slightly from its original position.

4. Now let's blow on the book again, but lightly. As soon as the book deviates a little, we blow after it. And so several times.

It turns out that such repeated light blows can move the book much further than once strongly blowing on it.

Record weight

For the experience you will need:2 tins of coffee or canned food, a sheet of paper, an empty glass jar.

1. Place two tin cans at a distance of 30 cm from each other.

2. Put a sheet of paper on top to make a "bridge".

3. Put an empty glass jar on the sheet. The paper will not support the weight of the can and will bend down.

4. Now fold a sheet of paper with an accordion.

5. Put this "harmonica" on two tin cans and put a glass jar on it. The accordion does not bend!

Science tricks for kids

snow flowers

Prepare for experience:

- a straw
- soap solution

When a cloud forms at a very low temperature, instead of raindrops, water vapor condenses into tiny needles of ice; needles stick together, and snow falls to the ground. Snow flakes consist of small crystals arranged in the form of stars of amazing regularity and variety. Each asterisk is divided into three, six, twelve parts, symmetrically arranged around one axis or point.

We don't need to climb into the clouds to see these snow stars form.

It is only necessary in severe frost to leave the house and blow soap bubble. Immediately, ice needles will appear in a thin film of water; they will gather before our eyes into wonderful snow stars and flowers.

living shadow

Prepare for experience:

- mirror,
- candle (lamp)
- paper,
- scissors

If you stand between a light source and a wall, your shadow will appear on the wall - a black silhouette, without eyes, without a nose, without a mouth. And you can make it so that the shadow also has eyes, and not simple, but huge, like a monster, and a nose of any shape, and a mouth that will either open or close.

To do this, it is enough to stand in the corner of the room near the wall on which the mirror hangs. A lamp or a candle must be placed so that the "bunny" from the mirror falls on the wall, which serves as a screen, exactly in the place where the shadow from your head falls; an illuminated rectangle or oval will appear in this place, depending on the shape of the mirror.

But the mirror can be covered with a sheet of paper, and eyes, nose, and mouth can be cut through that sheet; they immediately appear as bright spots on the shadow that your head casts on the wall.

If you prepare two sheets with different cutouts, fasten one firmly to the mirror, and then put the other on top of the first one, then take it off, the eyes will begin to move on the shadows, and the mouth will either open or close. This is a very simple and fun trick.

Hanging without rope

Prepare for experience:

- wire ring
- threads,
- matches,
- salt solution

Soak the thread in a strong salt solution and dry it; repeat this operation several times.

Now that your secret preparations are over, show your friends the thread, it looks no different from any other.

Hang a light wire ring on this thread. Set fire to the thread, the fire will pass from top to bottom, and to the surprise of the audience, the ring will hang calmly on a thin cord of ash!

Your thread has really burned out, leaving only a thin tube of salt, strong enough to support a ringlet if the air is calm and there is no draft in the room.

Note: when you do this trick, both the doors and windows in the room should be closed so that there is not the slightest draft. The slightest movement of air is enough for the fragile threads to break and the ring to fall to the floor.

Source: Tom Tit "Science Fun".

"Liquid" tricks

live fish

Cut out a fish from thick paper. The fish has a round hole in the middle. BUT , which is connected to the tail by a narrow channelAB . You can also use our template Print the fish on the printer, stick it on cardboard and cut it out with scissors.

Pour water into a basin and place the fish on the water so that the bottom side of it is completely moistened, and the top remains completely dry. It is convenient to do this with a fork: putting the fish on the fork, carefully lower it into the water, and sink the fork deeper and pull it out.

Now you need to drop a large drop of oil into hole A. It is best to use an oil can from a bicycle or a sewing machine for this. If there is no oiler, you can dial the machine or vegetable oil into a pipette or cocktail tube: lower the tube with one end into the oil by 2-3 mm. Then cover the upper end with your finger and transfer the straw to the fish. Holding the lower end exactly over the hole, release your finger. The oil will flow straight into the hole.

In an effort to spill over the surface of the water, the oil will flow through channel AB. The fish will not let him spread in other directions. What do you think the fish will do under the action of the oil flowing back? It is clear: she will swim forward!

Restless grains

It's easier than ever to make an object move by pushing it with your hand. Is it possible to make rice grains move without touching them? Do this experiment and you will learn at least one way.

Props:
- chilled can of beer
- cup
- 6 grains of rice

Training:
1. Lay out the necessary items on the table.
2. Open the can and pour the beer into a glass.

Let's start the science magic:
1. Announce to the audience: "I have a few grains of rice that just don't want to go to bed. They're always on the move and can't stop."
2. Pour the grains into a glass of beer.
3. Wait a few seconds and see what happens.

Note: Instead of rice, you can take finely chopped spaghetti. Break them into 1.25 cm pieces and dip them into the beer.

Result:
After a while, the grains of rice in the glass will begin to float up and down.

Explanation:

This is because a can of beer contains a gas called carbon dioxide. The carbon dioxide in the can is dissolved in the liquid and is under pressure. When you open a can and pour the beer into a glass, you release this gas. The density of carbon dioxide is lower than that of the liquid in the jar, so its bubbles rise to the surface.

When you pour rice grains into a glass, gas bubbles "stick" to them from the surface. The density of grains combined with bubbles becomes lower than that of beer. The grains covered with bubbles rise to the surface of the liquid. There, the carbon dioxide bubbles burst, and the density of the grains again becomes higher than the density of the beer. Freed from gas bubbles, they again go to the bottom. There, the gas bubbles again "stick" to the surface of the grains, and everything repeats from the beginning. This continues until the beer no longer releases gas. Pretty soon, carbon dioxide ceases to be released, and the grains calmly sink to the bottom.

density tower

In this experiment, objects will hang in the thickness of the liquid.

Props:
- high narrow glass vessel, for example, an empty clean half-liter jar from canned olives or mushrooms
- 1/4 cup (65 ml) corn syrup or honey
- food coloring of any color
- 1/4 cup tap water
- 1/4 cup vegetable oil
- 1/4 cup medical alcohol
- various small objects, e.g. a cork, a grape, a nut, a piece of dry pasta, a rubber ball, a cherry tomato, a small plastic toy, a metal screw

Training:
1. Carefully pour honey into the vessel, so that it occupies 1/4 of the volume.
2. Dissolve a few drops of food coloring in water. Pour water halfway into the vessel. Please note: when adding each liquid, pour it very carefully so that it does not mix with the bottom layer.
3. Slowly pour the same amount of vegetable oil into the vessel.
4. Fill the vessel to the top with alcohol.

Let's start the science magic:
1. Announce to the audience that you will now make various objects float. You may be told that it is easy. Then explain to them that you will make different objects float in liquids on different levels.
2. Gently drop small objects into the vessel one at a time.
3. Let the audience see for themselves what happened.

Result:
Different objects will float in the thickness of the liquid at different levels. Some will "hang" right in the middle of the vessel.

Explanation:
This trick is based on the ability of various substances to sink or float depending on their density. Substances with a lower density float on the surface of denser substances.

The alcohol remains on the surface of the vegetable oil because the density of the alcohol is less than the density of the oil. Vegetable oil remains on the surface of the water because the density of the oil is less than the density of water. Water, on the other hand, is less dense than honey or corn syrup, so it stays on the surface of these liquids.

When you drop objects into a vessel, they float or sink depending on their density and the density of the liquid layers. The screw has a higher density than any of the liquids in the vessel, so it will fall to the very bottom. The density of pasta is higher than the density of alcohol, vegetable oil and water, but lower than the density of honey, so it will float on the surface of the honey layer. The rubber ball has the smallest density, lower than any of the liquids, so it will float on the surface of the topmost, alcohol layer.

hard as stone

Sometimes what you expect doesn't happen. Do this experiment to confuse your friends.
Please note: This experiment requires adult assistance.

Props:
- 2 plastic cups with water (total 250 ml of water)
- microwave
- tacks
- adult assistant

Training:
1. Put one cup of water in the freezer for at least 2 days to make sure the water is completely frozen.
2. Place both cups on the table.

Let's start the science magic:
1. Invite an adult to be your assistant.
2. Ask the audience: "What do you think will happen if you put a cup of water and a cup with the same amount of ice in the microwave for 2 minutes?" They will probably answer that the ice will melt and the water will heat up.
3. Place both cups in the microwave.
4. Turn on the oven at maximum power for 2 minutes.
5. When they pass, have your adult assistant use oven mitts to remove both cups from the microwave.

Tips for a learned wizard:
For the trick to work better, the ice must be very well frozen. If you have at home freezer, you better use it, because there are usually more low temperature than in the freezer compartment of a conventional refrigerator.

Result:
The ice will remain frozen, and the water in the second cup will almost boil.

Explanation:
In solid water - ice - the water molecules are very densely packed. They can only wobble slightly in place. In liquid water, the molecules not only vibrate in place, but can also rotate around their axis and each other. When water is heated, the molecules become even more mobile and begin to collide with each other.

AT microwave oven food is heated due to an increase in the speed of rotation and movement of molecules. However, those molecules that can only slightly vibrate are weakly affected by microwaves. Therefore, when ice and water are together in a microwave oven, the microwaves increase the temperature of the water, but have almost no effect on the ice.

If you put ice in the microwave for more than long time, it will melt. The ice begins to melt and turn into water not due to microwaves, but due to an increase in air temperature in the oven chamber. Since microwaves act on water, the small amount of it that manages to get out of the ice warms up and melts the ice that is nearby. This process continues and eventually all the ice melts.

This is how a microwave oven is used to defrost food. This occurs at a lower power output, and, accordingly, temperature. The temperature in the chamber causes some of the food to thaw and the water it contains becomes liquid. This water is heated by microwaves and heats up the frozen food. This gradual process continues until all food is thawed. Usually, its outer parts get very hot and begin to cook before it is completely thawed inside.

broken pencil

This experience is based on the properties of water and light.

Props:
- cup
- tap water
- pencil

Training:
1. Fill a glass approximately 2/3 full with tap water.
2. Place a glass of water and a pencil on the table.

Let's start the science magic:
1. Hold a pencil in front of you. Announce to the audience: "Now I will break a pencil just by putting it in a glass of water."
2. Dip the pencil vertically into the water so that its tip is approximately halfway between the bottom of the glass and the surface of the water.
3. Hold the pencil at the back of the glass, away from the audience.
4. Move the pencil back and forth in the water, holding it vertically. Ask the audience what they see.
5. Get the pencil out of the water.

Result:
Viewers will think that the pencil is broken. From their point of view, the part of the pencil that is under water is slightly offset from the part that is under water.

Explanation:
This effect is due to refraction. Light travels in a straight line, but when a beam of light passes from one transparent substance to another, its direction changes. This is refraction. When light passes from a denser substance, such as water, to a less dense one, such as air, refraction occurs, or a visible change in the angle of incidence of the beam. Light in substances of different densities propagates at different speeds.

The light reflected from the pencil, passing through the air, seems to the audience to be in one place, and through the water - in another.

vanishing coin

Here is another experiment in which water and light produce a mysterious effect.

Props:
- 1 liter glass jar with lid
- tap water
- coin
- assistant

Training:
1. Pour water into the jar and close the lid.
2. Give your assistant a coin so that he can make sure that this is really the most common coin and there is no catch in it.
3. Have him put the coin on the table. Ask him: "Do you see the coin?" (Of course, he will answer yes.)
4. Put a jar of water on the coin.
5. Say magic words, for example: "Here is a magic coin, here it was, but not there."
6. Have your helper look through the waterside cans and say if he sees the coin now? What will he answer?

Tips for a learned wizard:
You can make this trick even more effective. After your helper can't see the coin, you can make it reappear. Say other magic words, for example: "As the coin fell, so it appeared." Now remove the jar and the coin will be back in place.

Result:
When you place a jar of water on a coin, the coin seems to have disappeared. Your assistant will not see it.

Explanation:
This focus is achieved due to the reflection of light from the wall of the jar. Reflection is the bouncing of light from a surface back.

Entertaining experiences in the kitchen

We make cottage cheese

Grandmothers, who are over 50 years old, remember well how they themselves made cottage cheese for their children. You can show this process to a child.

Warm the milk by pouring a little lemon juice into it (calcium chloride can also be used). Show the children how the milk immediately curdled into large flakes with whey on top.

Drain the resulting mass through several layers of gauze and leave for 2-3 hours.

You've made a wonderful curd.

Pour syrup over it and offer the child for dinner. We are sure that even those children who do not like this dairy product will not be able to refuse a delicacy prepared with their own participation.

How to make ice cream?

For ice cream you will need: cocoa, sugar, milk, sour cream. You can add grated chocolate, waffle crumbs or small pieces of cookies to it.

Mix two tablespoons of cocoa, one tablespoon of sugar, four tablespoons of milk and two tablespoons of sour cream in a bowl. Add cookie and chocolate crumbs. Ice cream is ready. Now it needs to be cooled down.

Take a larger bowl, put ice in it, sprinkle it with salt, mix. Place a bowl of ice cream on top of ice and cover with a towel to keep heat out. Stir ice cream every 3-5 minutes. If you have enough patience, then after about 30 minutes the ice cream will thicken and you can try it. Delicious?

How does our homemade refrigerator? It is known that ice melts at a temperature of zero degrees. Salt also delays the cold, does not allow the ice to melt quickly. Therefore, salt ice keeps cold longer. Moreover, the towel does not allow warm air to penetrate to the ice cream. And the result? Ice cream is beyond praise!

Let's beat down the butter

If you live in the summer in the country, then you probably take natural milk from a thrush. Do experiments with milk with the children.

Prepare a liter jar. Fill it with milk and refrigerate for 2-3 days. Show the children how the milk has separated into lighter cream and heavy skimmed milk.

Collect the cream in a jar with an airtight lid. And if you have the patience and free time, then shake the jar for half an hour in turn with the children until the balls of fat merge together and form oil lumps.

Believe me, children have never eaten such delicious butter.

Homemade lollipops

Cooking - an exciting activity. Now let's make homemade lollipops.

To do this, you need to prepare a glass of warm water, in which to dissolve as much granulated sugar as it can dissolve. Then take a straw for a cocktail, tie a clean thread to it, fixing a small piece of pasta on its end (it is best to use small pasta). Now it remains to put the straw on top of the glass, across, and lower the end of the thread with pasta into the sugar solution. And be patient.

When the water from the glass begins to evaporate, the sugar molecules will begin to approach and sweet crystals will begin to settle on the thread and on the pasta, taking on bizarre shapes.

Let your little one taste the lollipop. Delicious?

The same lollipops will be much tastier if jam syrup is added to the sugar solution. Then you get lollipops with different tastes: cherry, blackcurrant and others that he wants.

"Roasted" sugar

Take two pieces of refined sugar. Moisten them with a few drops of water to make it moist, put in a spoon of of stainless steel and heat it for several minutes over gas until the sugar melts and turns yellow. Don't let it burn.

As soon as the sugar turns into a yellowish liquid, pour the contents of the spoon onto the saucer in small drops.

Taste your candies with your children. Liked? Then open a candy factory!

Changing the color of cabbage

Together with your child, prepare a salad of finely chopped red cabbage, grated with salt, and pour it with vinegar and sugar. Watch the cabbage turn from purple to bright red. This is the effect of acetic acid.

However, as the salad is stored, it may again turn purple or even turn blue. This happens because acetic acid is gradually diluted with cabbage juice, its concentration decreases and the color of the red cabbage dye changes. These are the transformations.

Why are unripe apples sour?

Unripe apples are high in starch and contain no sugar.

Starch is an unsweetened substance. Let the child lick the starch, and he will be convinced of this. How do you know if a product contains starch?

Make a weak solution of iodine. Drop them in a handful of flour, starch, on a piece of raw potato, on a slice of an unripe apple. The blue color that appears proves that all these products contain starch.

Repeat the experiment with the apple when it is fully ripe. And you will probably be surprised that you will no longer find starch in an apple. But now it has sugar in it. So, fruit ripening is a chemical process of converting starch into sugar.

edible glue

Your child needed glue for crafts, but the jar of glue was empty? Don't rush to the store to buy. Weld it yourself. What is familiar to you is unusual to a child.

Cook him a small portion of thick jelly, showing him each of the steps of the process. For those who do not know: in boiling juice (or in water with jam), you need to pour, mixing thoroughly, a solution of starch diluted in a small amount of cold water, and bring to a boil.

I think the child will be surprised that this glue-jelly can be eaten with a spoon, or you can glue crafts with it.

Homemade sparkling water

Remind your child that he is breathing air. Air is made up of various gases, but many of them are invisible and odorless, making them difficult to detect. Carbon dioxide is one of the gases that make up the air and ... carbonated water. But it can be isolated at home.

Take two straws for a cocktail, but of different diameters, so that a few millimeters narrow fits snugly into a wider one. It turned out a long straw, made up of two. Make a vertical hole in the cork of a plastic bottle with a sharp object and insert either end of the straw there.

If there are no straws of different diameters, then you can make a small vertical incision in one and stick it into another straw. The main thing is to get a tight connection.

Pour water diluted with any jam into a glass, and pour half a tablespoon of soda into a bottle through a funnel. Then pour vinegar into the bottle - about one hundred milliliters.

Now you need to act very quickly: stick the cork with a straw into the bottle, and dip the other end of the straw into a glass of sweet water.

What's going on in the glass?

Explain to your child that the vinegar and baking soda have begun to actively interact with each other, releasing carbon dioxide bubbles. It rises up and passes through a straw into a glass with a drink, where bubbles come to the surface of the water. Here is sparkling water and ready.

Drown and eat

Wash two oranges well. Put one of them in a bowl of water. He will swim. And even if you try hard, you won't be able to drown him.

Peel the second orange and put it in the water. Well? Do you believe your eyes? The orange has sunk.

How so? Two identical oranges, but one drowned and the other floated?

Explain to the child: orange peel there are many air bubbles. They push the orange to the surface of the water. Without the peel, the orange sinks because it is heavier than the water it displaces."

About the benefits of milk

Oddly enough, the best way to learn why you need to drink milk is to do an experiment with bones.

Take the eaten chicken bones, wash them properly, let them dry. Then pour vinegar in a bowl so that it covers the bones completely, close the lid and leave for a week.

After seven days, drain the vinegar, carefully examine and touch the bones. They have become flexible. Why?

It turns out that calcium gives strength to bones. Calcium dissolves in acetic acid, and the bones lose their hardness.

You want to ask: "What does milk have to do with it?"

Milk is known to be rich in calcium. Milk is useful because it replenishes our body with calcium, which means it makes our bones hard and strong.

How to get from salt water drinking water?

Pour water with your child into a deep basin, add two tablespoons of salt there, stir until the salt dissolves. Place washed pebbles on the bottom of an empty plastic cup so that it does not float up, but its edges should be above the water level in the basin. Stretch the film from above, tying it around the pelvis. Squeeze the film in the center over the glass and put another pebble in the recess. Place your basin in the sun.

After a few hours, unsalted, clean drinking water will accumulate in the glass.

This is explained simply: the water begins to evaporate in the sun, the condensate settles on the film and flows into an empty glass. Salt does not evaporate and remains in the pelvis.

Now that you know how to get fresh water, you can safely go to the sea and not be afraid of thirst. There is a lot of water in the sea, and you can always get the purest drinking water from it.

live yeast

A well-known Russian proverb says: "The hut is red not with corners, but with pies." We don't bake pies, though. Although, why not? Moreover, we always have yeast in our kitchen. But first we will show the experience, and then we can take on the pies.

Tell the children that yeast is made up of tiny living organisms called microbes (meaning that microbes can be good as well as bad). When they feed, they emit carbon dioxide, which, mixed with flour, sugar and water, “raises” the dough, making it lush and tasty.

Dry yeast is like little lifeless balls. But this is only until the millions of tiny microbes that dormant in a cold and dry form come to life.

Let's revive them. Pour two tablespoons of warm water into a pitcher, add two teaspoons of yeast to it, then one teaspoon of sugar and stir.

Pour the yeast mixture into the bottle, pulling a balloon over its neck. Place the bottle in a bowl of warm water.

Ask the guys what will happen?

That's right, when the yeast comes to life and starts eating sugar, the mixture will fill with bubbles of carbon dioxide already familiar to children, which they begin to release. The bubbles burst and the gas inflates the balloon.

Is the coat warm?

This experience should be very popular with children.

Buy two cups of paper-wrapped ice cream. Unfold one of them and put on a saucer. And wrap the second one right in the wrapper in a clean towel and wrap it well with a fur coat.

After 30 minutes, unwrap the wrapped ice cream and place it unwrapped on a saucer. Expand and the second ice cream. Compare both portions. Surprised? What about your children?

It turns out that ice cream under a fur coat, in contrast to what is on a silver platter, almost did not melt. So what? Maybe a fur coat is not a fur coat at all, but a refrigerator? Why, then, do we wear it in winter, if it does not warm, but cools?

Everything is explained simply. The fur coat stopped letting the room heat in to the ice cream. And from this, the ice cream in a fur coat became cold, so the ice cream did not melt.

Now the question is also natural: "Why does a person put on a fur coat in the cold?"
Answer: To keep warm.

When a person puts on a fur coat at home, he is warm, but the fur coat does not let heat out into the street, so the person does not freeze.

Ask the child if he knows that there are "fur coats" made of glass?

This is a thermos. It has double walls, and between them - emptiness. Heat does not pass through the void. Therefore, when we pour hot tea into a thermos, it stays hot for a long time. And if you pour cold water into it, what will happen to it? The child can now answer this question himself.

If he still finds it difficult to answer, let him do one more experiment: pour cold water into a thermos and check it in 30 minutes.

Thrust funnel
Can a funnel "refuse" to let water into a bottle? Let's check!

We will need:
- 2 funnels
- two identical clean dry plastic bottles 1 liter
- plasticine
- jug of water

Training:
1. Insert a funnel into each bottle.

2. Coat the neck of one of the bottles around the funnel with plasticine so that there is no gap left.

Let's start the science magic!

1. Announce to the audience: "I have a magic funnel that keeps water out of the bottle."

2. Take a bottle without plasticine and pour some water into it through a funnel. Explain to the audience, "This is how most funnels behave."

3. Put a bottle of plasticine on the table.

4. Fill the funnel with water up to the top. See what will happen.
Result:
A little water will flow from the funnel into the bottle, and then it will stop flowing altogether.

Explanation:
Water flows freely into the first bottle. Water flowing through the funnel into the bottle replaces the air in it, which escapes through the gaps between the neck and the funnel. In a bottle sealed with plasticine, there is also air, which has its own pressure. The water in the funnel also has pressure, which is due to the force of gravity pulling the water down. However, the force of air pressure in the bottle exceeds the force of gravity acting on the water. Therefore, water cannot enter the bottle.

If there is at least a small hole in the bottle or plasticine, air can escape through it. Because of this, its pressure inside the bottle will drop, and water will be able to flow into it.

dancing flakes

Some cereals are capable of making a lot of noise. Now we will find out if it is possible to teach rice flakes to jump and dance.

We will need:
- paper towel
- 1 teaspoon (5 ml) crispy rice flakes
- balloon
- wool sweater

Training:

2. Sprinkle cereal on a towel.

Let's start the science magic!
1. Address the audience like this: "All of you, of course, know how rice flakes can crackle, crunch and rustle. And now I'll show you how they can jump and dance."

2. Inflate the balloon and tie it up.
3. Rub the ball on the wool sweater.
4. Bring the ball to the cereal and see what happens.

Result:
The flakes will bounce and be attracted to the ball.

Explanation:
Static electricity helps you in this experiment. Electricity is called static when there is no current, that is, the movement of charge. It is formed by the friction of objects, in this case a ball and a sweater. All objects are made up of atoms, and each atom contains an equal number of protons and electrons. Protons have a positive charge, while electrons have a negative charge. When these charges are equal, the object is called neutral or uncharged. But there are objects, such as hair or wool, that lose their electrons very easily. If you rub the ball on a woolen thing, some of the electrons will pass from the wool to the ball, and it will acquire a negative static charge.

When you bring a negatively charged ball close to the flakes, the electrons in them begin to repel from it and move to opposite side. Thus, the top side of the flakes facing the ball becomes positively charged, and the ball attracts them to itself.

If you wait longer, the electrons will begin to move from the ball to the flakes. Gradually, the ball will become neutral again, and will no longer attract flakes. They will fall back onto the table.

Sorting
Do you think it is possible to separate the mixed pepper and salt? If you master this experiment, then you will definitely cope with this difficult task!

We will need:
- paper towel
- 1 teaspoon (5 ml) salt
- 1 teaspoon (5 ml) ground pepper
- a spoon
- balloon
- wool sweater
- assistant

Training:
1. Spread a paper towel on the table.
2. Sprinkle salt and pepper on it.

Let's start the science magic!

1. Invite someone from the audience to become your assistant.
2. Mix salt and pepper thoroughly with a spoon. Have a helper try to separate the salt from the pepper.
3. When your assistant is desperate to share them, invite him to sit and watch now.
4. Inflate the balloon, tie it off and rub it against the wool sweater.
5. Bring the ball closer to the salt and pepper mixture. What will you see?

Result:
Pepper will stick to the ball, and salt will remain on the table.

Explanation:
This is another example of the effect of static electricity. When you rub the ball with a woolen cloth, it acquires a negative charge. If you bring the ball to a mixture of pepper and salt, the pepper will begin to be attracted to it. This is because the electrons in the pepper grains tend to move as far away from the ball as possible. Consequently, the part of the peppercorns closest to the ball acquires a positive charge, and is attracted by the negative charge of the ball. The pepper sticks to the ball.

Salt is not attracted to the ball, since electrons move poorly in this substance. When you bring a charged ball to salt, its electrons still remain in their places. Salt from the side of the ball does not acquire a charge - it remains uncharged or neutral. Therefore, salt does not stick to a negatively charged ball.

flexible water

In previous experiments, you used static electricity to teach cereal to dance and separate pepper from salt. From this experience you will learn how static electricity affects ordinary water.

We will need:
- faucet and sink
- balloon
- wool sweater

Training:
To conduct the experiment, choose a place where you will have access to running water. The kitchen is perfect.

Let's start the science magic!
1. Announce to the audience: "Now you will see how my magic will control the water."
2. Open the faucet so that the water flows in a thin stream.
3. Say the magic words to make the water jet move. Nothing will change; then apologize and explain to the audience that you will have to use the help of your magic balloon and magic sweater.
4. Inflate the balloon and tie it up. Rub the ball on the sweater.
5. Say the magic words again, and then bring the ball to a trickle of water. What will happen?

Result:
The jet of water will deflect towards the ball.

Explanation:
The electrons from the sweater during friction pass to the ball and give it a negative charge. This charge repels the electrons that are in the water, and they move to the part of the jet that is farthest from the ball. Closer to the ball, a positive charge arises in the water stream, and the negatively charged ball pulls it towards itself.

For the jet movement to be visible, it must be small. The static electricity that accumulates on the ball is relatively small, and it cannot move a large amount of water. If a trickle of water touches the balloon, it will lose its charge. The extra electrons will go into the water; both the balloon and the water will become electrically neutral, so the trickle will flow smoothly again.

Who loved at school laboratory works in chemistry? It is interesting, after all, it was to mix something with something and get a new substance. True, it didn’t always work out the way it was described in the textbook, but no one suffered about this, did they? The main thing is that something happens, and we saw it right in front of us.

If in real life if you are not a chemist and do not face much more complex experiments every day at work, then these experiments that can be carried out at home will definitely amuse you, at least.

lava lamp

For experience you need:
– Transparent bottle or vase
— Water
- Sunflower oil
- Food coloring
- Several effervescent tablets "Suprastin"

Mix water with food coloring sunflower oil. You don't need to mix, and you won't be able to. When a clear line between water and oil is visible, we throw a couple of Suprastin tablets into the container. Watching lava flows.

Since the density of oil is lower than that of water, it remains on the surface, with an effervescent tablet creating bubbles that carry water to the surface.

Elephant Toothpaste

For experience you need:
- Bottle
- small cup
— Water
- Dish detergent or liquid soap
- Hydrogen peroxide
- Fast acting nutritional yeast
- Food coloring

Mix liquid soap, hydrogen peroxide and food coloring in a bottle. In a separate cup, dilute the yeast with water and pour the resulting mixture into a bottle. We look at the eruption.

Yeast releases oxygen, which reacts with hydrogen and is pushed out. Due to the soap suds, a dense mass erupts from the bottle.

Hot Ice

For experience you need:
- container for heating
- Clear glass cup
- Plate
- 200 g baking soda
- 200 ml of acetic acid or 150 ml of its concentrate
- crystallized salt

We mix acetic acid and soda in a saucepan, wait until the mixture stops sizzling. We turn on the stove and evaporate excess moisture until an oily film appears on the surface. The resulting solution is poured into a clean container and cooled to room temperature. Then add a crystal of soda and watch how the water “freezes” and the container becomes hot.

Heated and mixed vinegar and soda form sodium acetate, which, when melted, becomes an aqueous solution of sodium acetate. When salt is added to it, it begins to crystallize and release heat.

rainbow in milk

For experience you need:
- Milk
- Plate
- Liquid food coloring in several colors
- cotton swab
— Detergent

Pour milk into a plate, drip dyes in several places. Wet a cotton swab in detergent, dip it into a bowl of milk. Let's see the rainbow.

In the liquid part there is a suspension of droplets of fat, which, when in contact with the detergent, split and rush from the inserted stick in all directions. A regular circle is formed due to surface tension.

Smoke without fire

For experience you need:
– Hydroperite
— Analgin
- Mortar and pestle (can be replaced with a ceramic cup and spoon)

The experiment is best done in a well-ventilated area.
We grind hydroperite tablets to a powder, we do the same with analgin. We mix the resulting powders, wait a bit, see what happens.

During the reaction, hydrogen sulfide, water and oxygen are formed. This leads to partial hydrolysis with the elimination of methylamine, which interacts with hydrogen sulfide, a suspension of its small crystals which resembles smoke.

pharaoh snake

For experience you need:
- Calcium gluconate
- Dry fuel
- Matches or lighter

We put several tablets of calcium gluconate on dry fuel, set fire to it. Let's look at the snakes.

Calcium gluconate decomposes when heated, which leads to an increase in the volume of the mixture.

non-newtonian fluid

For experience you need:

- mixing bowl
- 200 g corn starch
- 400 ml of water

Gradually add water to the starch and stir. Try to make the mixture homogeneous. Now try to roll the ball out of the resulting mass and hold it.

The so-called non-Newtonian fluid behaves like a solid body during fast interaction, and like a liquid during slow interaction.