The electrode-type boilers, which are gaining popularity, are a conversion product. In the navy, they were installed (and are still being installed) on ships and submarines. Back in the days of the Soviet Union, there were two factories that produced these.

One plant in Ukraine, one in Russia. Both countries today produce them for the public. The Russian electrode boiler is called "Galan", Ukrainian "Obriy". Today, other companies producing boilers of this type have appeared on the market. For example, the models "Ion" and "Ray".

Principle of operation

The operation of the electrode boiler is based on purely physical laws. The coolant in it is heated not due to some kind of heating element, but due to the decay of water molecules into differently charged ions.

Two electrodes are installed in the container where the coolant is located, and the supply of electric current is turned on. Water molecules under the influence of a current with a frequency of 50 Hz (this is the number of oscillations per second) are divided into positive and negative ions. It is during the separation process that thermal energy is obtained. Each ion with its own charge moves to a specific electrode.

Surprisingly, the heating is instantaneous due to the high resistance of the water. Plus, in such a system there is no electrolysis process, which contributes to the formation of scale on the metal walls of the heating boiler. This means that the electrode boiler is an almost ever-working unit.

The design of the device is quite simple. First, it is a device of small overall dimensions.

Secondly, the boiler is a pipe that simply cuts into the piping system by means of a threaded connection using American women. Thirdly, the electrodes are inserted from one of the ends of the device. The coolant enters through the side branch pipe, and exits through the free end.

The dimensions of the unit depend on its power. For example, "single-phase has a length of 30 cm (diameter 6 cm), three-phase - 40 cm. For a small private house, the first option is suitable. If the house is large enough, multi-storey, then it is better to install a three-phase device.

Heat transfer requirements

Unfortunately, plain tap water cannot be used as a heat carrier in a system where an electrode boiler is installed. In order for the ionization of the coolant to occur, a certain salt content is necessary in it.

Therefore, manufacturers recommend pouring antifreeze into the heating system of a private house or adding special inhibitors to the water. The Galan company produces special solutions called Potok, which can be added to water or used as a coolant.

Advantages and disadvantages

Like any electric unit for heating a private house, the electrode device has both its positive and negative sides.

pros

The positive ones include a high efficiency - 98% with small dimensions. At the same time, due to the ionization of the coolant, the energy consumed is saved. When compared, for example, with heating boilers, electrode boilers consume 40% less electricity.

Voltage drops are a natural state of Russian electrical networks in suburban villages. So, energy-saving electrode-type heating boilers do not react to these drops. In addition, there is no need to coordinate the installation and connection of the boiler with the boiler supervision.

Minuses

The negative positions of using an electrode heater include the impossibility of its use in a heating system where steel pipes and cast-iron radiators are installed. In the first case, there is a high probability of scale formation on the walls.

In the second - a large volume of coolant, which the electrode boiler may not warm up. Here we add the filling of antifreeze and inhibitors, as well as the high cost of electricity.

Characteristics

To understand the characteristics of the electrode boiler, it is necessary to consider domestic models of the Galan device. The company currently offers four modifications:

• "Hearth";
• "Standard";
• "Geyser";
• "Volcano".

For private houses

The Hearth and Standard models are for private houses. Their power is 2, 3, 5, 6 kW. Accordingly, with their help, you can heat houses with a volume of: 80, 120, 180, 200 m³.

These devices operate on 220 volt AC power. For connection, it is recommended to use a cable with a cross section of 4-6 mm².

For large buildings

"Geyser" and "Volcano" can be used to heat large buildings: residential and non-residential. The power of these devices: Geyser - 9, 15 kW, Vulcan - 25, 36, 50 kW. Both models are three-phase counterparts.

Antifreeze liquids such as "Tosol", "Arktika" are not intended for electrode boilers.

Control and management

All models are equipped with temperature sensors and temperature setting devices. The electronic control unit is installed next to the boiler, often on the wall.

controversial issues

There is an erroneous opinion that electrode-type heating devices are divided into cathodic and anode. The thing is that the cathode and anode can only be present when exposed to direct current. Electrode boilers use alternating current.

It would be possible to call electrode units for heating, operating in a single-phase scheme, cathodic, because two tubular rods are installed inside the boiler. One is supplied with electric current, the second is the zero phase. In this case, the movement of electric current (negatively charged particles, that is, electrodes) occurs from the first rod to the second.

But it would be more correct to call the boilers ionic. It's all about the principle of obtaining thermal energy. This has already been discussed above.

The smaller the volume of coolant in the heating system of a private house, the more efficient the electrode-type boiler works. Therefore, it is recommended to use bimetallic or aluminum radiators and contour wiring from polyethylene pipes for the construction of the heating system.

Please note that it is best to create your own new heating under the electrode heating unit. Embedding it into the old one, where a different type of heating device was used, is not worth it.

Thermal insulation and connection

Experts recommend thermal insulation of all circuits. The connection is best done with a separate cable from the switchboard with the installation of a separate machine. An RCD (residual current device) must not be installed in the electrical wiring diagram.

Be sure to ground the installation, as is the case with other models of electric heating units.

Increasing heating efficiency

If the power of one boiler is not enough to heat a large house, then several devices can be installed in a single system. They can be connected in parallel or in series.

And the last. Heating boilers of this type are installed only in a closed system, where a circulation pump is installed. The latter provides additional resistance to the coolant, which affects the quality of heat generation.

Electrode heating structures are part of autonomous heating systems. Such devices are characterized by the presence of a specific type of heater, consisting of several electrodes. An electrode boiler for heating a private house is used in conjunction with innovative types of automatic control. This allows you to increase the efficiency of the heating system and make it more economical.

Operating principle

In order for the used heat carrier to heat up, it is necessary to split the water molecules. The result of this process is the formation of constantly moving positive and negative ions. In this case, a large amount of energy is released. The heating device heats the liquid without using heating elements.

In the process of increasing the temperature of the heat carrier, its electrical resistance decreases. An arc flash may occur. To prevent this situation, table salt is added to the liquid. The required proportions can be found in the technical data sheet for the heating device. The power of the electrode assembly increases when the heat carrier is heated. The result of a decrease in the value of electrical resistance is an increase in current strength.

Design features

The heat carrier used is heated during the movement of differently charged ions between the electrode contacts. The design of such a heater is quite simple. It consists of: a metal rod and a hollow steel pipe.

The device is hermetically sealed on both sides. Special pipes are welded to its sides. With the help of them, the heater is connected to the heating system.

A phase wire is attached to the inner rod, and a zero wire is attached to the surface of the housing. A three-phase network is used to power powerful heat generators.

Under the influence of alternating current, the ions contained in the composition of the heat carrier constantly change the direction of their movement. Electrolysis is not fully carried out. During the heating process, there is no transfer of substance between the two electrodes.

The heater has the following features:

• small overall size;
• simple design;
• ease of installation;
• high level of efficiency;
• long service life;
• reliability of work - there are no contacting parts;
• low cost.

Advantages

Electrode heating boilers make it possible to regulate the microclimate in the room and save electrical energy. If we compare their efficiency with the efficiency of induction devices and heaters, which include heating elements, we should note the advantages of the electrode design:

• the heating of the water entering the boiler is carried out very quickly;
• efficiency level approaches 100%;
• long service life. The design features of the device are the cause of the rapidly changing polarity. Ions constantly change the direction of their movement. Therefore, despite the presence of constant contact of the surface of the electrodes with the liquid, scale does not form on them;
• the electric electrode boiler has small dimensions;
• it is easy to install in any room;
• there is an automatic control of the heater;
• the heater has a high level of fire safety. If there is a depressurization of the system, the risk of electric shock is eliminated. The device will simply stop working;
• there are no extraneous noises during the operation of the heating system;
• electrode electric boilers for heating a private house do not have a harmful effect on the ecological situation;
• chimneys are not used during their work;
• devices are not afraid of voltage drops

Flaws

Despite the high quality performance of electrode heating systems, certain disadvantages should be taken into account:

• for the high-quality functioning of the heater, pre-prepared water is required, which has a given resistivity;
• distilled water, antifreeze or oil cannot be used as a heat carrier;
• An electrode electric boiler for heating can work effectively only with continuous circulation of the liquid. If the speed of movement decreases, the probability of boiling of the system increases. With its increase, difficulties may arise with the launch of the thermal unit;
• over time, the substance that makes up the electrodes dissolves in water. Periodically they have to be replaced;
• the heating system must have a ground loop;
• with an increase in the temperature of the heat carrier more than 75 degrees, the consumption of electrical energy increases sharply;
• in single-circuit devices, liquid cannot be used for domestic needs.

Carrying out installation work

When installing electrode heating systems, air vents are required. They work automatically. They include a safety valve and a pressure gauge. The design of the shut-off valves should be located next to the expansion tank.

The heating device is installed in a vertical plane. The mounting kit, as a rule, includes a special mount. The electrode structure must be connected to metal pipes. The remaining sections of the heating system may consist of a different material.

The process of installation and installation of climate control sensors and temperature control devices is best left to specialists. Before carrying out installation work, the system is flushed with water. Special cleaning agents are added to the liquid.

When choosing a radiator, take into account the total volume of the circulating heat carrier. 8 liters of liquid must correspond to 1 kW of heating device power. With an increase in this indicator, the consumption of electrical energy will increase.

The efficiency of boilers with an electrode design increases with a decrease in the volume of liquid used in the system. The wiring of the heating device is best done using bimetallic or aluminum radiators and pipes made of polyethylene material.

All heating circuits are pre-insulated. A separate cable is used to connect the heater. It, in turn, is connected to a switchboard and a separate circuit breaker.
A ground loop must be installed. To increase the power of the heating system, in some cases, several heating devices are used at once. When installing them, a serial or parallel connection is used.

Heating devices of the electrode type can only be used in closed systems with an integrated circulation pump. They are reliable equipment with a number of undeniable advantages. The systems are successfully used for heating individual buildings.

And electrode. The latter will be discussed in the article.

Electrode boiler

Characteristic

The electrode boiler (it is also called ion or ion exchange boiler) differs from other mains-operated units in that it has an open electrode, to which current is supplied.

Refers to direct heating appliances, in which heat is directed directly to the energy carrier. This makes it possible to instantly increase the power of the structure, because there are no obstacles in the process of heat transfer.

Heating is carried out using electrodes that are immersed in a tank of liquid. The current is conducted through the coolant at a frequency of 50 Hertz and creates a barrier to electrolysis. Therefore, the inside of the boiler remains free of scale deposits.

The heating process of the liquid occurs with the help of the emerging resistance. This happens very quickly. Thus, the container (tank) may not be large in size, since it is not necessary to wait for the heating of the liquid by the element. Such properties of the design of this boiler allow you to save the user's budget by reducing energy costs in the heating system.

The electrode heating boiler is very sensitive to the composition of the water, ordinary water from the water supply cannot be used to operate the unit.

Before installation, special fluid preparation is required. Well, if there are antifreezes recommended by the manufacturer.

It also has another feature, which is the gradual dissolution of the electrodes. This is a natural process, its acceleration and deceleration depends only on the degree of intensity of use of the heating system.

Advantages and disadvantages

To begin with, it is worth saying that it is advisable to install electrode boilers only in those places where there is reliable wiring and a stable network. If there is a periodic power outage and strong voltage drops, then it is not worth mounting the electrode units, as they will not be able to work normally. However, even in this case, a solution can be found. For example, buy uninterrupted power supply unit or diesel generator.

It accumulates a small amount of energy, which should be enough for a couple of hours of boiler operation in an emergency. There are UPS models that correct the voltage using a built-in stabilizer.

Advantages of an electrode heating boiler:

1. Safety for human health is at a high level. Ionic boilers for heating are designed in such a way that current leakage is practically impossible. Fire is excluded, so the design can be used to maintain a minimum temperature without constant human supervision.
2. Small dimensions and the possibility of installation in a heating network operating on gas fuel. It turns out that the electrode boiler starts after the gas fuel supply is stopped.
3. Fast heating of the coolant, quiet operation, easy replacement of heating elements without replacing the entire device.
4. If desired, it can be installed in residential premises without installing a chimney and the boiler room itself.
5. High efficiency, which reaches 96% during operation, and when heated, the electricity saving is 40%. Plus the absence of dirt, dust, smoke and soot.

An electric electrode boiler consumes on average 40% less electricity than another heating device from the network. Users note this nuance as the most important advantage of the unit.

Like any heating system, an electrode electric boiler has its drawbacks.

The disadvantages of these units include the following points:

• Considerable cost of electricity. Electricity is much more expensive than, for example, gas, but at the same time it is perfect for providing heat to a house that is far from the settlement and is visited from time to time.
• Not versatility. An ion boiler for heating a private house is often not compatible with certain types of pipes and batteries. As an example, one can cite the use of cast iron radiators in the heating system, when problems appear due to irregularities on the inside, as well as a large volume of liquid. Typically, one section of a cast iron battery is rated for 2.5 liters of water.
• Problems using . In this case, it is desirable to apply.
• The requirement of an ion-exchange electric boiler for a constant resistance of the coolant. It can be corrected by adding additives that exclude the appearance of scale.

Principle of operation and device

Electrode boiler device

Electrode boilers work for heating a private house according to the standard laws of physics. The liquid in the unit is heated not with the help of any element, but with the help of the molecular decomposition of water into differently charged ions. Two electrodes are mounted in a container with a coolant, the supply of electricity starts. Water molecules under the influence of a current with a frequency of 50 Hertz (the number of oscillations per minute) are divided into positively charged and negatively charged ions. At the moment of the separation process, heat is obtained. Each ion is pulled with its charge to a particular electrode.

Water heating is very fast, since the resistance of the coolant is high and the electrolysis process prevents the appearance of scale on the walls of the boiler. It can be concluded that the electric electrode boiler is an ever-functioning device.

The design of such a boiler is not complicated. This is a small-sized unit in the form of a pipe, constantly crashing into the pipe decoupling system by means of a threaded connection using American women. In addition, the electrodes are connected at one end of the device. The coolant fluid is launched through the side branch pipe, and the exit is through the unoccupied end.

How to make an electrode boiler with your own hands

The basic skill you will need is the ability to operate a cooker. The main parts for the design are a metal tube and an electrode.

Let's get started. To make an electrode boiler with your own hands, you will need the following elements:

1. Apparatus for welding.
2. Pipe with a diameter of up to 10 cm and a length of not more than 25 cm.
3. Electrode (you can take a small metal rod with a diameter of about 11 mm).
4. Properly sized tee.
5. Coupling .
6. Insulator for electrode and terminals (grounding, zero).

Let's start the build process:

1. At the first stage, it is required to screw the coupling with the tee on both sides and firmly tighten the products so that leaks are excluded.
2. At the second stage, you need to immerse the electrode from the side of the tee into the pipe, firmly installing it inside with the help of a dielectric insulator. You can use a plug with bimetallic radiator. The goal is to make a space between the tube and the electrode. In the plug, you only need to make a hole of the desired diameter, insert the rod into it and secure it firmly with a nut from the outside.
3. The next step is to weld a pair of bolts on the pipe body (M8 or M10). They are necessary to connect the zero terminal and ground. Bare connection points must also be protected to limit yourself from electric shock.
4. The fourth stage will be the installation of the boiler, its piping. The size of the structure is not large, so it can be hidden under the sink.
5. Everything. You can start the coolant for electrode heating boilers and test the heating system.

Overview of ion boiler manufacturers

In the Russian market, there are several popular manufacturers of electrode energy-saving boilers at once. Increasingly, those who want to acquire warmth and comfort are buying electrode boilers Galan, EOU, Innovator, etc.

Let's take a closer look at some manufacturers.

Electrode boilers Galan. User reviews indicate the demand for this brand in the ion heating equipment market. Galan is a Moscow-based company, but its products are delivered far beyond Russia. Her first patents date back to 1990.

The model range of Galan electrode boilers is represented by various names and three lines. Also, all differ in power characteristics.

You can select the first series, Galan "Volcano", designed for heating large houses, for apartment buildings and public buildings. The series operates only from a three-phase network and is represented by models with a capacity of 25, 36, 50 kW.

Electrode boiler Galan Volcano

Second series Galan "Geyser" is a line of average power characteristics. There are only two items in it, which have a capacity of 9 and 15 kW. These electrode boilers are well suited for many medium-sized private houses.

The third series is represented by more compact models with power from 2 to 6 kW. line called "hearth" has serious characteristics, despite the compact dimensions. Easily heats small houses.

Galan electrode boilers have not undergone any changes during their entire existence, they have a reliable and proven design. While the automation of the units is constantly changing and supplementing in accordance with the wishes of users.

Electrode boiler EOU. The abbreviation stands for "Energy Saving Heating Installation". This is a Russian company that has long established itself in other countries near and far abroad. Its products have international quality certificates.

Electrode boiler EOU

There are two lines in the EOU model range. The first of them is designed for a single-phase network of 220 V and is represented by capacities from 2 to 12 kW, the second operates in the presence of a three-phase network of 380 V, and different brand names have individual capacities up to 120 kW. You can see the same solution in the external representation of the aggregates.

The EOU company is responsible for the smooth operation of products for 30 years and even gives a guarantee for the first ten years.

Electrode toroidal boiler Innovator. Mentioning this company, they talk about a toroidal electrode boiler. Online reviews indicate a high efficiency(up to 99.9%), as well as the quality of products.

The electrode boiler Innovator is a simple design, small size, stability and reliability, which are accompanied by wide requirements for the quality of the liquid and the need for a constant supply of electricity. But there are quite a few shortcomings against the background of the advantages of the models.

Electric toroidal boiler Innovator

The advantages of such a boiler are the ability to adjust the power of each model from 1 to 20 kW, in easy installation in any heating system. The toroidal electrode boiler can operate with a single-phase, two-phase and three-phase network.

It has dimensions of 30*10*10 centimeters.

Installation does not require a steel pipe. Toroidal electrode boiler Innovator operates silently and has a service life of 30 years.

The warranty is given by the manufacturer for 60 months.

The cost is 8,200 rubles.

Many people associate electric heating at home with the installation of appropriate water boilers with heating elements, convectors or laying warm film floors. However, there are many more options. In modern private houses, electrode or ion boilers are installed, in which a pair of primitive electrodes transfer energy to the coolant without any intermediaries.

For the first time, ion-type heating boilers were developed and implemented in the Soviet Union to heat submarine compartments. The units did not cause additional noise, had compact dimensions, there was no need for designing exhaust systems for them, and they effectively heated sea water, which is used as the main coolant.

The heat carrier, which circulates through the pipes and enters the working tank of the boiler, comes into direct contact with the electric current. Ions charged with different signs begin to move randomly and colliding. Due to the resulting resistance, the coolant is heated.

History of appearance and principle of operation

Within just 1 second, each of the electrodes collides with the others up to 50 times, changing its sign. Due to the influence of alternating current, the liquid is not divided into oxygen and hydrogen, retaining its structure. An increase in temperature entails an increase in pressure, which forces the coolant to circulate.

To achieve maximum efficiency of the electrode boiler, you will have to constantly monitor the ohmic resistance of the liquid. At a classic room temperature (20-25 degrees), it should not exceed 3 thousand ohms.

Do not pour distilled water into the heating system. It does not contain any salts in the form of impurities, which means that you should not expect it to be heated in this way - there will be no medium between the electrodes for the formation of an electrical circuit.

Additional instructions on how to make an electrode boiler yourself

Characteristics: advantages and disadvantages

An ion-type electrode boiler is characterized not only by all the advantages of electric heating equipment, but also by its own features. In an extensive list, the most significant can be identified:

• The efficiency of installations tends to the absolute maximum - not less than 95%
• No pollutants or ion radiation harmful to humans are released into the environment
• High power in a relatively small body compared to other boilers
• It is possible to install several units at once to increase productivity, separate installation of an ion-type boiler as an additional or backup heat source
• A small inertia makes it possible to quickly respond to changes in ambient temperature and fully automate the heating process through programmable automation
• No need for a chimney
• The equipment is not harmed by an insufficient amount of coolant inside the working tank
• Power surges do not affect heating performance and stability

How to choose an electric boiler for heating you can

Of course, ion boilers have numerous and very significant advantages. If you do not take into account the negative aspects that occur more often during the operation of the equipment, all the benefits are lost.

Among the negative aspects it is worth noting:

About other ways of electric heating of the house,

Device and specifications

The construction of an ion boiler is at first glance complex, but it is simple and not forced. Outwardly, it is a seamless steel pipe, which is covered with a polyamide electrical insulating layer. Manufacturers have tried to protect people as much as possible from electric shock and leakage of expensive energy.

In addition to the tubular body, the electrode boiler contains:

1. The working electrode, which is made of special alloys and is held by protected polyamide nuts (in models operating from a 3-phase network, three electrodes are provided at once)
2. Coolant inlet and outlet pipes
3. Ground terminals
4. Terminals supplying power to the chassis
5. Rubber insulating pads

The shape of the outer casing of ion heating boilers is cylindrical. Most common household models meet the following characteristics:

• Length - up to 60 cm
• Diameter - up to 32 cm
• Weight - about 10-12 kg
• Equipment power - from 2 to 50 kW

For domestic needs, compact single-phase models with a power of not more than 6 kW are used. They are enough to fully provide heat for a cottage with an area of ​​80-150 square meters. For large industrial areas, 3-phase equipment is used. A 50 kW installation is capable of heating a room up to 1600 sq. m.

However, the electrode boiler works most efficiently in conjunction with control automation, which includes the following elements:

• Starter block
• Surge Protection
• control controller

Additionally, control GSM modules can be installed for remote activation or deactivation. Low inertia allows you to quickly respond to temperature fluctuations in the environment.

Due attention should be paid to the quality and temperature of the coolant. The optimal liquid in a heating system with an ionic boiler is considered to be heated to 75 degrees. In this case, the power consumption will correspond to that specified in the documents. Otherwise, two situations are possible:

1. Temperatures below 75 degrees - electricity consumption decreases along with the efficiency of the installation
2. Temperatures above 75 degrees - electricity consumption will increase, however, the already high efficiency rates will remain at the same level

Video guide

A simple do-it-yourself ion boiler

Having become acquainted with the features and principle by which ion heating boilers operate, it is time to ask the question: how to assemble such equipment with your own hands? First you need to prepare the tool and materials:

• Steel pipe with a diameter of 5-10 cm
• Ground and neutral wire terminals
• electrodes
• wires
• Metal tee and coupling
• Tenacity and desire

Before you start putting everything together, there are three very important safety rules to remember:

• Only the phase is supplied to the electrode
• Only the neutral wire is supplied to the housing
• Reliable grounding is required

To assemble the ion electrode boiler, just follow the following instructions:

• First, a pipe 25-30 cm long is prepared, which will act as a hull
• Surfaces must be smooth and free of corrosion, notches from the ends are cleaned
• On the one hand, electrodes are installed by means of a tee
• A tee is also necessary to organize the outlet and inlet of the coolant
• On the second side, they make a connection to the heating main
• Install an insulating gasket between the electrode and the tee (heat-resistant plastic will do)

• To achieve tightness, threaded connections must be exactly matched to each other.
• To fix the zero terminal and grounding, 1-2 bolts are welded to the body

Putting everything together, you can embed the boiler into the heating system. Such home-made equipment is unlikely to be able to heat a private house, but for small utility areas or a garage it will be an ideal solution. You can close the installation with a decorative casing, while trying not to restrict free access to it.

Features of the installation of ion boilers

A prerequisite for the installation of ion heating boilers is the presence of a safety valve, a pressure gauge and an automatic air vent. The equipment must be placed in a vertical position (horizontal or at an angle are unacceptable). At the same time, about 1.5 m of supply pipes are not galvanized steel.

The zero terminal is usually located at the bottom of the boiler. A ground wire with a resistance of up to 4 ohms and a cross section of more than 4 mm is connected to it. You should not rely solely on RAM - it is not able to help with leakage currents. The resistance must also comply with the rules of the PUE.

If the heating system is completely new, it is not necessary to prepare the pipes - they must be clean inside. When the boiler crashes into an already operating line, flushing with inhibitors is mandatory. The markets offer a wide range of products for removing deposits, salts and scale. However, each manufacturer of electrode boilers indicates those that he considers the best for his equipment. Their opinion should be followed. Neglecting washing, it will not be possible to establish the exact ohmic resistance.

It is very important to choose heating radiators for the ion boiler. Models with a large internal volume will not work, since more than 10 liters of coolant will be required per 1 kW of power. The boiler will constantly work, wasting part of the electricity in vain. The ideal ratio of boiler power and the total volume of the heating system is 8 liters per 1 kW.

If we talk about materials, it is better to install modern aluminum and bimetallic radiators with minimal inertia. When choosing aluminum models, preference is given to primary type material (not remelted). Compared to the secondary, it contains fewer impurities, reducing the ohmic resistance.

Cast iron radiators are the least compatible with an ion boiler, as they are the most susceptible to pollution. If it is not possible to replace them, experts recommend observing several important conditions:

• The documents must indicate compliance with the European standard
• Mandatory installation of coarse filters and sludge traps
• Once again, the total volume of the coolant is produced and equipment suitable for power is selected

Manufacturers and average cost

Many manufacturers of heating equipment have their own lines of ion-type boilers. Some of the most popular brands on the market include:

• EOU (Ukraine)
• Stafor EKO LLC (Latvia)
• ZAO Firma Galan (Russia)

Small power ion boilers (2-3 kW) cost about 3000-3500 thousand rubles. The higher the performance of the equipment, the higher the price. In addition to heating equipment, additional automation is needed. It is purchased separately and will cost about 5-6.5 thousand rubles.

Before buying, due attention is paid to the warranty period. Most manufacturers set it to 2-3 years. By observing the operational requirements and regularly (every 3-4 years) replacing the electrodes, the service life can be extended up to 10-12 years.

Summing up

After analyzing all the pros and cons of ion heating equipment, we can conclude that it is profitable. In some aspects he wins, in others he can lose significantly.

However, before choosing heating systems operating on electrical equipment, it is worth considering a number of features:

• If the radiators are divided into groups by floors, the installation of an ion boiler is recommended on each of them
• The pipes forming the contour are recommended to be wrapped with insulation
• You can use antifreeze as a coolant, given its high fluidity

Ionic boilers are not suitable for systems with a warm baseboard or warm floor. They are not capable of reaching a constant operating temperature of 30-45 degrees.

There are situations when using electricity to heat a private house becomes the only option worth considering. Gas pipelines, unfortunately, have not yet reached the branching to get to everyone. Solid fuel the heating system requires constant attention from the owners of the house, a mandatory separate boiler room, places for storage at least a minimum supply of firewood or briquettes (pellets). Diesel-fueled boilers are very expensive in themselves, require high installation and fine adjustment costs, and do not do without the preparation of a large, several cubic meter capacity for storing liquid fuel.

So, in such a situation, there is nothing left but to switch to electric heating of housing. There are many options for solving such a problem. For example, this can be using cables, mats or infrared films. Modern ones are gradually gaining appreciation, which are easy to hide behind the decoration of the ceiling or walls. But still, so far, the usual water heating systems remain in the first place in popularity, into which in this case an electric boiler crashes. And here options are also possible - heat sources can be ordinary - with heating elements, induction of various types. And the most controversial, causing considerable, sometimes even fierce discussions, are ion heating boilers.

These devices are credited with absolutely fabulous heating efficiency indicators, for example, efficiency above 100%, and they are incredibly scolded for the fact that they are usually able to quickly render the heating system unusable, praised for ease of installation and compactness, and at the same time “ostracized” for its low level electrical safety. As usual, in reality, the truth is somewhere in the middle ... Let's try to figure this out, without bias, by citing in the article both the positive qualities of such boilers and their inherent shortcomings. In addition, the most popular brands will be considered, indicating the technical characteristics of various models and the approximate price level. And, finally, in the course of the presentation, attention will be paid to some issues of installing such equipment.

How does an electrode (ionic) heating boiler work

Probably, everyone who has ever lived in a student hostel or served in the army knows the simplest device for boiling water, which made it possible to brew a cup of tea in just a matter of seconds. Two metal plates (old razor blades or even metal shoe-shoes), spaced apart with a small air gap from each other, connected to a 220 volt mains wire.

The simplest boiler is a kind of "prototype" of an electrode (ionic) heating boiler

Such a “device”, lowered into a glass and connected to power, provides a quick, unusually violent boiling of water. BUT this is a pretty good example how the ion (or electrode) boiler is fundamentally and arranged.

(By the way, you should not repeat such experiments at home - this is unsafe both from the point of view of the ignition of the wire from a short circuit, and from the high probability of getting an electrical injury).

Conductors placed in an electrolyte solution (and ordinary, not distilled water, one way or another is an electrolyte to a certain extent due to the salts dissolved in it), when voltage is applied to them, cause ionization of the solution and movement of ions in the opposite direction: anions - to cathode and cations, respectively, to the anode.

This would result in an electrolysis process if the supplied current were constant. But when connecting household mains voltage, the polarity of the electrodes changes 50 times per second (frequency 50 Hz). Instead of a uniform movement of ions, they begin to fluctuate rapidly in the medium, which offers considerable resistance to this. As a result, there is a very rapid heating of the liquid - that is, the coolant, which is used to transfer energy through the heat exchange points.

By and large, the developers of such a circuit managed to get rid of the "intermediary" - a heat-generating electric spiral made of materials with high resistivity. The role of the heating element is assumed by the coolant-electrolyte itself. This is attributed to the special properties of the efficiency and economy of this method of converting electrical energy into thermal energy.

Right away, perhaps, some clarity should be introduced about the terminology used. In various sources, you can find the name of this technique both as "electrode" and as "ion" boilers. Moreover, some manufacturers even try to make a distinction between these concepts - they say, in ion installations, it is possible to control and regulate the amount of ions involved in the process of heating the coolant to a certain extent. Understanding heating specialists regard such statements as nothing more than a marketing ploy to highlight their products from the general background. But even if this is even true to some extent, the merit is not at all in the design of the boiler, but in the complexity of the electronics of the control unit and as a heat-transfer electrolyte. And the boiler itself, as it was, remains electrode.

General arrangement of the ion (electrode) boiler

This method of quickly heating a liquid is certainly not some kind of innovative development. As a physical phenomenon, this has been known for a very long time, and its application in order to obtain thermal energy for space heating was mastered in the middle of the 20th century. It is generally accepted that the first detailed boilers were developed for the needs of the fleet, or rather, for heating the compartments of submarines. And one of the requirements for any military equipment of those years was maximum simplicity and the highest reliability. Ion boilers fully met these requirements. There are absolutely no moving mechanical parts in them, and the internal “electrical facilities” are such that there is simply nothing to burn out in it. And the active service life of such a water heater, in fact, was determined by the strength and corrosion resistance of its body.

However, only in the early 90s were they developed, patented and put into production for use in residential heating systems. By the way, despite the fact that a quarter of a century has passed since then, neither the layout scheme nor the appearance of these devices have undergone major changes. All improvements to this equipment are, for the most part, in the field of modernization of control systems, to some extent - for the selection the most optimal, resistant materials for the body and electrodes and the chemical composition of heat transfer fluids.

Although similar boilers are produced by several companies, domestic and foreign, all of them are basically similar in layout, and differ only in minor details.

The layout of almost all electrode boilers is very similar - a vertically located cylinder with a thickening at the power connection

It is always a vertically located cylinder, with a thickening on one edge - an electrical switching unit is located there. There are necessarily two threaded pipes - for the inlet of the coolant (speaking in the terminology of heating systems - “return") and for the outlet of the heated liquid (supply pipe). More often they are located as shown in the figure - the return pipe is on the side of the cylinder, and the outlet is on top. Although, occasionally there are also models in which both threaded pipes for inserting into the system are located on the side.

Electrodes are located inside the body.

If the boiler is designed to operate from a single-phase 220 V network, then this is one electrode, which is located in the center of the cylinder. The role of the second in this case will be performed by the inner surface of the "glass" in the body.

Three-phase boilers are more powerful. Here, the electrode block will consist of three rod elements isolated from each other, also located in a common “glass” of the boiler body.

It is clear that the electrode block has a reliable sealing system that prevents the electrolyte (coolant) from leaking out. Reliable electrical insulation of the contact part and the outer surface of the boiler body itself is provided - for this it is covered with a layer of polyamide.

The dimensions of the boiler are usually not too large - it depends on its total power and on the specific model. More about this will be discussed in the section on the main manufacturers of such equipment.

On the body of the boiler itself, most often there are no more control or adjustment devices. But be sure each boiler must be equipped with an electronic or electromechanical control unit of varying degrees of complexity.

These control units allow the boiler to be switched on only to maintain the set heating mode. So, the system can be equipped with one temperature sensor ( on the pipesupply of heated coolant) or even two (additional - on the "return" pipe). The control unit sets the maximum heating temperature and its hysteresis (Δt°, that is, the difference in temperature values ​​in both directions, at which a control signal is generated to turn the boiler on or off).

In some control systems that can be fine-tuned, it is possible to set the nominal value of the temperature in the "return" and the hysteresis value for it. There are also more "fancy" control schemes that are specific to certain equipment manufacturers.

On the advantages and disadvantages of ion (electrode) boilers

A lot has been written about the advantages of electrode boilers and, often, contradictory. Let's go in order:

Advantages - truth and speculation

• Electrode boilers are distinguished by the highest efficiency, close to 100%. It - pure truth, but with some reservations.

By the way, you can run into publications that claim that the efficiency even exceeds this threshold - 100%. More precisely, it says that the coefficient is higher than that of conventional boilers with heating elements by 30 — 40%. This is what you can't believe.

Indeed, for any electric boilers, the efficiency is high, tends to 100%, no matter what heating principle is used: resistive (heater), induction or ionic - almost all electrical energy goes into heat and is eventually transferred to the coolant. The only question is the speed at which the boiler reaches the calculated heating temperature - at the start-up stage, the boiler with heating elements, of course, will take a little more time. And so - no one canceled the law of conservation of energy, and one should not expect any miracles from the electrode boiler.

• With equal heating power, electrode boilers are the most compact and light in weight among their "brothers". It's hard to disagree - it's true. They especially noticeably outperform induction heaters, which are always distinguished by massiveness and overall dimensions.
• An electrode boiler does not require the installation of a chimney system - like, by the way, any other powered by electrical energy.
• There is no even the slightest chance of overheating and failure due to leakage of coolant from the system. Indeed, an important advantage: the electrodes do not contact each other in any way, and the absence of liquid leads to a complete opening of the circuit - the boiler, by definition, cannot work in such conditions.
• Water heating occurs very quickly, which, according to the laws of thermodynamics, is accompanied by a sharp increase in pressure in the system. It is possible to do without a circulation pump.

It would seem that everything is correct, but only without a pump, for some reason, such systems are still not used. Firstly, it is completely unproductive to direct part of the energy to ensure circulation (with a pump, the consumption for this purpose will be lower, and the process will be more controlled). And, secondly, one can speak of such a powerful pressure jump only when the system is started. In the future, when the control switches to maintaining the temperature within the set hysteresis, this process will not differ in any way from all other boilers.

• The inertia of such a boiler is the smallest and h all electrical types. Therefore, there is the possibility of very precise and operational settings that will help save on energy costs.

A classic example of how two expressions are combined in one expression. completely unrelated statements among themselves. Indeed, the inertia is low. First of all, due to the fact that the mass of the boiler itself is insignificant, and the heating of the liquid starts faster. Regarding energy costs - they, with equal, as already found out, the efficiency depends, rather, on the level of thermal insulation of the building, that is, on the existing heat losses. And the switching efficiency and tuning accuracy are unlikely to have any tangible impact on both the comfort of living and the economy. Unless - such a boiler will turn on and off more often, which, by the way, is not even particularly good.

As for the accuracy of the settings - here the question is still very controversial. If we take into account the non-linearity of the electrolysis heating process, the special requirements for the quality of the electrolyte, then perhaps the control of a conventional boiler looks like a much simpler task.

• Voltage fluctuations do not affect the operation of the boiler - its power can only change, but the operation will not stop.

Reading about such an "advantage" is even somewhat ridiculous. By and large, voltage drops are just the same fear neither conventional boilers nor heating elements. But the complex automation that regulates and directs the work of any boilers requires a certain power stability. And electrode boilers are no different from others in this.

• Electrode boilers can be installed in the heating circuit as additional energy sources.

Indeed, it is possible, but at the same time it will be necessary to bring the state of the coolant to the one required specifically for the electrode (ion) boiler.

Very "solid" battery of electrode boilers!

It is also possible to install several boilers of the same power in parallel - in this case, it will be possible to step-by-step adjust the total heating power - by turning on all or a selective number of heaters.

• The operation of electrode boilers is absolutely harmless from the point of view of ecology.

Question from porn. Yes, there are no harmful emissions into the atmosphere and cannot be - but this is typical of all electric heaters. But in terms of the composition of the coolant, electrode boilers can even pose a certain danger to the environment. Quite often, very toxic substances (such as ethylene glycol) are included there, and the spent electrolyte, with a fairly frequent replacement, needs a special disposal procedure - simply pouring it onto the ground or even into the sewer system is strictly prohibited.

• The cost of electrode boilers, in comparison with other electric boilers, is the lowest.

This is true, but one "marketing trap" cannot be overlooked. Very often, the cost of such boilers is indicated without taking into account the price of automation units. Ordinary boilers, with heating elements, as a rule, are assembled in one case with all built-in electronics, temperature sensors, thermostat, etc., therefore the price for them is appropriate.

The cost of control equipment must also be immediately taken into account, since without it all the advantages of electrode boilers literally come to naught - uncontrolled heating of the liquid will not only be uneconomical, but also extremely dangerous!

Disadvantages of ion boilers

To be honest, even if you just look at the list of shortcomings of electrode boilers, then there is no desire to get involved with this type of heating. However, let the reader judge for himself, since some of the "minuses" are clearly far-fetched and do not deserve special attention.

• Sometimes the disadvantages include the fact that the electrode stake requires only alternating current - with a constant current, the process of electrolysis of the coolant with its chemical decomposition will begin.

Considering this as a disadvantage is the same as complaining about the water that the car does not want to run on alcohol, and the home TV refuses to work on a “finger-type” battery. Each device has its own capabilities and its own energy sources, and this does not apply to disadvantages.

• The need to equip the heating circuit with a circulation pump.

This has already been mentioned above, but a similar "flaw" is inherent in almost all home heating systems, with the exception of open ones with natural circulation. And even then, it is also recommended to embed pumps in them - this affects the uniformity and overall efficiency of heating a home.

• Special requirements for the quality and chemical composition of the coolant.

Here - you can’t argue, indeed, the electrode boiler will not work with any kind of liquid. Several criteria should be combined here - the possibility of ionization (for example, distilled water will not work in principle), a relatively small electrical resistance (with a large value, the current simply will not go through the liquid). And at the same time, we must not forget about - high heat capacity, resistance to freezing, operating temperature range, environmental friendliness, etc.

Many manufacturers of electrode boilers directly give recommendations on the use of specific brands of coolants, which they often produce themselves. Moreover, there are cases when the warranty service of equipment was refused due to violations of the recommendations.

Many craftsmen are very critical of factory formulations, recommend using saline solutions (brines) made on their own. But to choose the optimal composition on your own, without special equipment for checking electrical conductivity, is an extremely difficult task. This approach is complicated by the fact that over time, the electrical characteristics of the coolant can change significantly, and besides, they largely depend on the current heating temperature.

In a word, the selection of the coolant needed for the system in the case of electrode boilers turns into a very troublesome business. And if we take into account that the replacement of the entire volume of the working fluid will have to be carried out before each heating season ...

• Not all heating radiators can be used in conjunction with electrode boilers.

The pure truth is that either or aluminum radiators are recommended for such a heating system. And, when choosing aluminum, you should also pay attention to the quality of the material - it is primary metal, or already a product of processing. The fact is that in the recycled metal there will definitely be a large amount of impurities - oxides, and they can very seriously disrupt the chemical composition of the electrolyte, sharply increasing or decreasing the electrical conductivity, which unbalances the system.

Cast iron radiators are highly undesirable for two reasons. Firstly, their very significant heat capacity can exceed the normal heating capacity of the electrode boiler, and it will work almost non-stop. And secondly, old cast-iron batteries, as a rule, do not differ in internal cleanliness, they lend themselves to really high-quality flushing due to the porosity of the surface, and are able to quickly bring the coolant into an unusable state. Yes, and the corrosion of ferrous metals - no one has canceled, and any electrolyte - is always distinguished by increased corrosion qualities.

As an exception, modern European-made cast-iron radiators may be suitable. They have a smaller volume, and the quality of the metal is higher.

• Electrode boilers have particularly high requirements for grounding.

By and large, any powerful electrical installations must have a reliable grounding of the case. But if in most cases it is - means protection against accidental phase breakdown on the case, then in the example with ion boilers everything is more serious. They have a metal case directly involved in the process of work, and therefore, indeed, grounding is of paramount importance for ensuring safety. Moreover, the standard RCD unit in this case is not applicable, since the voltage leakage will be one way or another, and the power supply with such protection will be constantly forcibly turned off.

How to do it right - can be found by clicking on the link to the corresponding article of our portal.

• There are strict restrictions on the maximum heating temperature - up to 75 degrees.

It is rather no no prosperity, but a feature of the operation of such a heating scheme. The fact is that the electrical conductivity of a liquid changes non-linearly, and at temperatures above 75 ° FROM there may be an unnecessary waste of energy without increasing power. However, this temperature should almost always be enough for high-quality heating. And the upper heating limit, by the way, exists for any boilers (including both gas and solid fuel ones) and automation should monitor this.

• The electrodes overgrow rather quickly, due to the specifics of the work, and require regular replacement. Also, probably no no wealth, and operating costs - any equipment eventually requires replacement of consumables.
• The impossibility (in any case, extreme undesirability) to use such a boiler in an open heating system.

This is true - the electrolyte itself is a fairly aggressive environment for the elements of the heating system. If there is still free access to air oxygen to the coolant, then its ability to cause corrosion will increase many times, but the necessary chemical composition to ensure the desired electrical conductivity may change for the worse.

• The inadmissibility of using heated water for domestic and technical needs (with a single-circuit heating system). This drawback can be eliminated by installing an indirect heating boiler, of course, by correctly calculating the overall capabilities of the system.
• Very big difficulties when starting the heating system.

This is not about the installation, in fact, of the boiler, its installation and piping - here experienced craftsmen should not have any special problems. The main problems, as already mentioned, are the correct selection of the chemical composition of the coolant and fine adjustment of the system. It is not recommended to carry out such events on your own - you will need to invite experienced specialists.

The same can be said about regular preventive measures in preparation for the heating season, since it is almost impossible to correctly assess the condition of the coolant and the overall performance of the system without accumulated experience and without special equipment. This means that we will have to put up with the annual call of the relevant specialists.

Find out how to do it, and also read the detailed instructions in the article on our portal.

Electrode (ionic) heating boilers on the Russian market

Due to their advantages, and despite their rather numerous shortcomings, ion heating cola remain very popular in the Russian open spaces. Several domestic companies are engaged in their production, products are also supplied from foreign countries. To help the reader with the choice of equipment, a brief overview of the most popular brands will be given.

Electrode boilers "Galan"

The products of the Moscow company "Galan", without a doubt, are a pioneer in the domestic market of equipment of this type, and it is possible that all over the world too. Release them mastered back in the early 90s on the basis of our own patented development. There are no exact statistics, but, most likely, Galan still holds the “palm” in this area today, in any case, according to references on the Internet and according to positive reviews, these boilers are in the lead for sure.

Model range of electrode boilers "Galan"

To date, the company produces three main models, each of which has several gradations in terms of heating power.

The smallest ones are Galan-Ochag. With a weight of only 500 g, these "kids" are able to qualitatively heat quite serious volumes - up to 200 m³, giving out power up to 5 kW. The cost of such boilers is from 3300 to 4000 rubles. A more modern model - "Galan-Ochag-Turbo" may be somewhat more expensive - up to 6,000 rubles.

In private residential construction, the most popular are single-phase and three-phase electrode boilers "Galan-Geyser". They have two heating power thresholds - 9 and 15 kW, and this should be enough for a quite solid country cottage with a total volume of heated rooms up to 450 m³. The average cost of such boilers is 6 to 7 thousand, and Geyser-Turbo is about 8 thousand rubles.

The most powerful are electrode stakes in the Galan-Volkan line. They are all designed to work in a three-phase network, have a capacity of 25 and 50 kW, and are designed to heat already quite large structures. The price for them is over 10 thousand rubles.

The main parameters of heating electric boilers	VOLCANO 50	VOLCANO 25	GEYSER 15	GEYSER 9	PHOTOS 6	PHOTOS 5	PHOTOS 3
Consumed voltage, V	380	380	380	220/380	220	220	220
Heated room, m³	before 1600	up to 850	up to 550	up to 340	up to 250 up to 200	up to 120
Coolant volume, liter	300-500	150- 300	100- 200	50-100	35-70	30-60	25-50
Power consumption, max, A	2×37.9	37.5	22.7	13,7/40	27.3	22.7	13.7
Peak power consumption in kW, at tº of water 90ºС	50	25	15	9	6	5	3
Power consumption in kW, on average for the heating season, (6 months - 4320 hours) October 15 - April 15.	up to 36000 kW	up to 18000 kW	up to 12000 kW	up to 8000 kW	up to 6000 kW	up to 5000 kW	up to 3000 kW
Recommended outlet temperature, °C	60	60	60	60	60	60	60
Coupling diameter for connecting the boiler to the heating system	32	32	32	32	25	25	25
weight. kg	11.5	42130	42130	42130	0.5	0.5	0.5
diameter, mm	130	130	130	130	35	35	35
length, mm	570	460	410	360	335	320	275

If the basic models of the Galan boilers themselves remain practically unchanged, then the control automation is constantly being improved. So, for modern household-class boilers, it is recommended to purchase control units " Galan - Navigator» in various designs (price - from 6 thousand).

There may be other proposals - for example, equipping the Galan boiler with an ABB or Hager circuit breaker, a modular digital temperature controller for the coolant BeeRT, which will simultaneously regulate the performance of the circulation pump, and a room thermostat "by air" COMPUTHERM Q7". Such a system is fully coordinated with the boiler manufacturer, but its cost, of course, will be somewhat higher.

Video: a variety of boilers "Galan"

Prices for the range of heating boilers Galan

Heating boilers Galan

Beryl »

Another popular Russian product is the Beryl family of electrode heating boilers.

They are produced in two sizes, depending on the power supply used - 220 or 380 volts, and from, respectively, the power of the installation - up to 9 and up to 33 kW.

Single-phase electrode boilers "Beryl" Dimensions of the three-phase modification "Beryl"

A characteristic feature of all Beryl boilers is the top location of the power supply unit - this somewhat simplifies both installation and maintenance. Even to replace the electrode block, in most cases it will not be necessary to dismantle the entire boiler from its piping.

Name of boilers, control systems:	price, rub.
Ion boilers BERIL and automation (manual power change, step 200 (600) W)
Boilers 220V; 5, 7, 9 kW	4450
	8450
Control unit "Euro" for boilers 220V and 380V	14000
Ion boilers BERIL and automation (automatic / manual power change, step 600 W)
Boilers 380V with a triac unit 6, 9, 12, 15, 25, 33 kW	20000
CSU control unit (with PID mode function)	15000
Ionic boilers BERIL and automation (automatic / manual power change, step 2000 W)
Boiler 380V with built-in triac unit, 100 kW	75000
Boiler 380V with built-in triac unit, 130 kW	100000
CSU control unit (with PID mode function) for boilers 100 and 130 kW	25000
BERIL electrode boilers and automation
Boilers 220V; 5, 7, 9 kW	4450
Boilers 380V; 6, 9, 12, 15, 25, 33 kW	8450
Control unit ETsRT GECK for boilers 220 and 380 V	8500
VERIL thermal modules of unlimited power with one control unit
Boilers 380V 33 kW with a triac unit - 1 pc.	20000
Control unit GECK 63/3M TsSU for module operation in PID mode	20000
Control unit GECK 60/3 TsSU for module operation in group control mode	25000
Coolant BERIL V.I.P. based on propylene glycol
temperature -35С (-45С crystallization temperature) polyethylene canister 20 liters	2200

By the way, it is precisely some models of Beryl boilers that are positioned precisely as ionic - because, according to the manufacturer, they have the ability to control the overall level of electric charges. Similar products can be equipped with control units of varying complexity:

Control unit for boilers "Beryl" TsSU "Euro"

The control units of the Central Control System "Euro" allow you to manually adjust the power of heating the coolant in steps of 200 W.

1 - connection block (power contactor);

2 - step boiler power regulator;

3 - automatic overload protection;

4 - thermostat control unit, according to the level of heating of the coolant.

Ion boiler "Beryl" with a triac unit

More expensive models, with automatic control and power adjustment at any given time, are equipped with a special triac unit (pictured) and a PID system - electronic temperature control. It is believed that the PID controller, which consists of an amplifier, an integrator and a differentiator, most quickly and accurately estimates the level of heating, taking into account the immediate prospects and generates control signals that save up to 20% of energy.

Line of boilers EOU (Energy Saving Heating Installation)

It is also a product of Russian production. Simple in design, relatively inexpensive, but quite easy to use boilers cover the power range from 2 to 120 kW. They can be produced for a single- and three-phase current network, while differing in size.

Dimensions of electrode boilers "EOU"

Such boilers are popular not only in our country, but also in neighboring countries, and last year the products received certification from the Customs Union.

The table shows the technical data and the average price level for boilers operating from a 220 volt network, as the most popular in domestic conditions:

Technical details	Unit measurements	Single phase modifications
		1/2	1/3	1/4	1/5	1/6	1/7	1/8	1/9	1/10	1/12
Working voltage	Volt	~220	~220	~220	~220	~220	~220	~220	~220	~220	~220
Power consumption	kW	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	12
The volume of the heated room	m³	120	180	240	300	360	420	480	540	600	750
Heated area	m²	40	60	80	100	120	140	160	180	200	250
Electricity consumption per day	kW	2-16	3-24	4-32	5-40	6-48	7-56	8-64	9-72	10-80	12-96
Lifting water in a water system (without pump)	m	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	13
Weight, no more	kg	3
Price of the device, without control panel	rub.	4200	4300	4400	4500	4600	4700	4800	4900	5000	5100
The price of a set of accessories for the control panel	rub.	1410	1990	1990	1850	1850	1850	2540	2540	2540	2540

With all the unpretentiousness of the design of the EOU boilers, the manufacturer gives them a factory warranty of at least 10 years, and the total service life is estimated at 30 years.

Video: examples of using electrode boilers EOU

Imported electrode boilers

In addition to Russian-made boilers, models produced in some neighboring countries are in demand.

Boilers "Forsage" of Ukrainian design and production are interesting in that they are equipped with a special casing - a casing that increases the safety of operation of the installation and still makes its appearance more attractive.

Boiler "Forsage" in boxing

The Forsage boiler line is represented by five models operating from 220 V, with power from 3 to 25 kW. All of them are equipped with a control unit of our own design - an electronic digital temperature controller (ECRT).

Set - boiler "Forsage" with electronic digital temperature controller

The basic characteristics of the Forsage electrode boilers are given in the table:

Parameter name	Versions
	FORCING 3	FAST AND THE FURIOUS 5	FORCAGE 9	FORCING 15	FORCING 25
Rated voltage, V	220
Permissible deviations from the rated voltage, %	±10
Rated frequency, Hz	50
Rated current in one phase at a coolant temperature of 63 ° C, A	13.6	22.7	13.6	22.7	37.9
Rated power consumption, kW	3	5	9	15	25
Electronic digital temperature controller (ECRT)	ECRT-3	ECRT-5	ECRT-9	ECRT-15	ECRT-25
coolant	Special coolant "Forsage-M"
Volume of coolant in the heating system, l	20 - 40	30 - 60	60 - 120	100 - 200	160 - 300
Working pressure of the heat carrier (in a cold state)	0,1 - 0,15
in the heating system, MPa (bar)	(1 - 1,5)
Maximum allowable pressure, MPa (bar)	0,3 (3)
Maximum volume of heated premises, m 3	100	170	300	450	750
Overall dimensions, mm	265x135x88		470x190x136
Pipe diameter	1,25"
Weight, kg	1.85	1.95	6.05	6.4	6.85
Execution according to the degree of protection against moisture	IPX3

And, finally, we can mention a device of Latvian design and assembly - the STAFOR boiler. It is interesting for several innovative solutions, including the use of a "Faraday cage" - the separation of the protective and working zero.

Of all the boilers, it has the highest safety ratings, and is the only one of its kind - it has been fully certified according to the very strict requirements of the European Union. Such a boiler is fully equipped with its own electronics. In addition, along with it, you can purchase not only a branded coolant, but even a special additive, STATERM POWER, which allows you to timely adjust the chemical composition of the electrolyte to adjust the boiler power.

So, the principle of operation, the advantages and disadvantages of such boilers for heating the reader are clear. He is familiar with the variety of models and the approximate price level. It remains only to make your own choice - "for" or "against".