Closer - a small device designed to smoothly close the door. It not only minimizes the risk of injury to people, but also protects the door structure - hinges, fittings - from rapid wear. How do you adjust the door closer with your own hands?

Types and arrangement of closers

The working element of the closer is a spring enclosed in a container with oil. Devices differ in the way of installation:

Top overlays;

built into the frame;

Embedded in the floor.

The closer drive can be crank (lever) and cam (leverless). Simple Models mechanical, more complex ones work from the mains.

Operating loads are indicated in the passport and directly depend on the dimensions and weight of the web.

In addition, each model has a range allowable temperatures. The working medium of the door closer is oil, its consistency depends on the outside temperature: the colder, the greater the viscosity.

The operating parameters are controlled by a valve system - a thermal damper. Its purpose is to compensate for temperature differences by reducing or increasing viscosity.

At the border of the seasons, adjusting the closer becomes a necessity. Otherwise, one fine winter day, you will find that your door is “frozen”.

If the door leaf closes at the wrong speed (too fast or too slow), adjustment is also necessary.

Important: The device will only work properly when correct installation. When installing, make sure that a right angle is maintained between the lever and the door.

Adjustment Instruction

Instructions on how to adjust the door closer are included. If not, then see below. Consider the most common design - the top overhead closer.

Video "How to adjust the door closer":

There are two screws on the end of the device. The first screw regulates the movement in the angle range from 15 degrees to 180. The second controls the closing speed: by tightening it, you reduce the speed, by loosening it, you increase it. By manipulating both in turn, you achieve the right job. Some recommendations:

To increase the finishing speed, you need to turn the second adjusting screw clockwise, for the opposite effect - against.

The spring tension is changed by turning the adjusting nut. With its help, the door closer is adjusted according to the opening angle.

Video "How to adjust the door closer with your own hands":

It is possible to suspend the movement of a door opened at a right angle (hold-open function). To do this, the canvas is retracted 90 degrees, the latch is tightened. The option is useful when open door some cargo needs to be carried.

If the door is open 90 degrees or more, it will stop completely. To set it in motion, you need to pull the handle. If the angle is less than 90, the door will smoothly close normally.

You can turn the adjusting screws from the zero mark no more than two turns. If you adjust the door closer with your own hands, then you should remember that it is not allowed to unscrew the screw completely.

When the valves are displaced, oil leakage inevitably occurs, the device becomes inoperative.

Video "How to adjust the door closer":

So that the closers are not subjected to unnecessary loads, you should not exert additional force on the closing door and support it with anything.

Features of Dorma and Geze

The German door closer Dorma is designed to work in the temperature range from -30 to +40. Adjustments of the Dorma closer are carried out by two valves.

The force must comply with the European standard EN. The setting depends on the type and dimensions of the door. The force is adjusted by moving the body relative to the hinges or by turning the lever.

Geze closer adjustment is carried out by the hold-open function, which operates in the range from 70 to 150 degrees. In addition to the usual models of this brand, there are devices with smoke protection: in the case there is a switch with an electronic unit that is triggered by smoke.

In such a simple way, do-it-yourself door adjustment is made. The main thing is not to overdo it and serve it on time.

The oldest door mechanism that completed the slamming of the door was a cobblestone tied to a jamb on a twine. Then humanity, unwilling to bother itself, replaced the cobblestone with a spring, the ends of which were attached to the box and to the canvas. The spring, imparting momentum not only to the door, but also to not too nimble spins, to this moment performs the function of the main element in most modifications of door closers. Only her work became smooth and controlled due to the introduction special devices. That's why home master you need to know how to install an improved mechanism, and how to adjust the door closer, if you decide to equip your property with automation for lazy users with your own hands.

Video instruction for home masters

Types of door closers and installation methods

The installation of a mechanical device that smoothly closes the door reduces the load on the fittings, protects the hinges and the structure itself from premature wear. You can equip them with both the front door and the interior door, and the door between the house and the bath extension or garage.

Differences in the method of installation determined the classification of door closers, which are divided into:

• overhead mechanisms installed on a box beam or on a canvas, or in door hinges instead of a rod;
• floor structures, the laying of which is carried out during the installation period floor covering and is usually designed in advance;
• hidden devices located either in a box with sufficient power, or in a canvas. To equip this type of mechanism, it is necessary to mill cavities, which should not be undertaken without experience.

The simplest and most accessible for an inexperienced performer will be the overhead installation of a door closer, the process of which in most cases is described in detail by the manufacturer. Caring manufacturers now apply to their products not only detailed description, but also a template exactly following the contour of the mechanism with a clear marking of points for fastening. Almost all actions are carried out according to the standard algorithm, but there are nuances that should not be forgotten.

Attention. Before equipping the door with a device, it must be repaired and the fittings adjusted. The canvas should not “shuffle” on the floor, hang crookedly on the hinges. The course of the loops should not be heavy.

Construction mounting options

Mechanisms with levers or sliding channels can be mounted both on the inside and on the outside of the interior door structure. Just on outside entrance doors, it is undesirable to install the device due to negative impact characteristic fluctuations in atmospheric temperature.

The fact is that the smoothness of the spring control lever provides a variable flow of engine oil from one cavity to another. And it becomes more viscous and thick in frosts, and more liquid in the heat. Therefore, due to temperature fluctuations, the operation of the device will have to be adjusted more often than indicated by the manufacturer, which ultimately reduces the working life of the system.

You can choose from three common mounting schemes:

• The standard setting predetermines the fixation of the main working body on the canvas. The lever with this arrangement is attached to the lintel door frame.
• The upper scheme dictates the fastening of the mechanism on the lintel - the upper box beam, and the lever shoe is screwed to the door leaf.
• Parallel arrangement is similar to the standard version, but the lever is not mounted perpendicularly, but in parallel with the mounting bracket.

The installation scheme of the door closer depends on the location of the hinges. That is, from the direction of movement of the canvas when opening / closing. If the door is opened "on itself", then the installation of the device is carried out as standard on the canvas, and the lever is attached to the box beam. The option "on your own" obviously involves the upper fastening of the device to the lintel with the fixation of the lever on the canvas.

There are also non-standard cases, such as, for example, insufficient height of the door clearance. But cunning developers have found a way out of structurally difficult situations by offering mounting brackets and plates to home and professional craftsmen.

The installation of a door closer in such cases is carried out in parallel in two ways:

• the lever is fixed in parallel, placing its shoe on mounting bracket fixed on the box;
• the main body of the closer is attached to the box beam using a mounting plate.

Briefly about guide rail closers

Devices with a sliding arm attract with an optimized design that practically does not disturb the decor of the interior. Among the advantages is the ability to upgrade the device with an electromagnetic lock or a fire alarm. Such closers function with great effort, and there is no way to control their work, but equipping with an elastic limiter-insert will allow you to set the required opening angle of the sash. Most modifications are installed according to schemes similar to the perpendicular version described above. But universal models with sliding channel traction can be mounted on both sides.

Attention. Installation of channel (slider) closers from the side, reverse side location door hinges, dictates the equipment of the device with a limiter for the opening angle of the web. It can be replaced by a specialized stopper built into the slider.

Door closer installation algorithm

After deliberately choosing the right location and determining the scheme, further actions are performed in an almost identical sequence:

• we apply the template included in the package and glue it with adhesive tape to the installation site;
• through the “kern” points indicated by the manufacturer, the places of future holes for fasteners, there should be 2 for the lever and 4 for the device;
• it is advisable to drill mounting holes in advance;
• we fix the lever first, followed by the body;
• After fixing the device and the lever, we will install the second half of the rod on the axis of the closer and perform an adjustment in length. The lever must be strictly perpendicular to the closed door leaf.

Attention. The adjusting screws should be directed towards the hinge bar of the box.

fasteners in complete set attached by the manufacturer, you do not need to buy or change it to other hardware. It is important not to deviate one iota from the instructions, and success is guaranteed.

Structural adjustment

After connecting the thrust and the main working body into a single mechanism, it remains to find out how to adjust the door closer. This procedure is usually carried out by adjusting two adjustment screws. Two screws are needed in order to set the speed of the web in two modes:

• by the position of the first screw we set the closing speed in the range of 180-15º;
• with the second screw we “program” the speed in the range of 15-0º.

The required speed is set by turning the screws along and against the thread. You probably won't have to do more than one turn.

Attention. You can not adjust the speed of the canvas too hard. Two turns will lead to leakage, loss of the screw with oil leakage.

If the door was equipped with closers with additional features, such as:

• BC (abbreviation BackCheck) - a damper that resists too sharp efforts in the range of 70-110º;
• FOP (from Hold-Open) - web retainer in open position;
• DC (in abbreviation Delayed Closing) - a prolonged moment of movement in the zone 110-70º,

After making sure that the speed characteristics correspond to the desires, and the movement ends with the required “click” or “boost”, we close the axis of the closer with a decorative cap.

Now the work can be considered completed and you can start using the automatically closing door. The closing mechanism will function properly if children do not swing on the doors, if the normal operation of the door closer is not interfered with by supporting devices and unreasonable hands, always striving to slam or slow down. Subject to the rules of operation, the device will last a long time.

Today, in many houses, entrance and interior doors for ease of use, they are equipped with a closer, but in order for this device to serve properly for more than one year, it must be periodically inspected and repaired. In this article, we will take a closer look at how to adjust the door closer, sooner or later this knowledge will definitely come in handy.

Today, closers are very popular and are used almost everywhere.

Types of closers

The closer is a special device that helps to control the process of movement of the door leaf. With it, you can make the closing smoother and quieter or sharper, with a strong clasp. He is also able to hold it in the open position if necessary.

To better understand the principle of operation of the mechanism, it is necessary to consider its main types, so it will be easier to understand how to set up a door closer.

Basically two types of mechanisms are used:

• cam slide - provides smooth sliding, used for light weight doors;
• toothed lever - the most commonly used type of mechanism, the movement of the spring is carried out using gears, it can even be used for heavy doors with a combination lock.

Diagram of the design of a closer with a gear lever mechanism

According to the installation method, closers can be divided into the following types:

• overhead,
• floor,
• hidden.

Overhead

Overhead structures are the easiest to handle, their work can be corrected using a few valves or screws located on the box panel. The number of permissible revolutions is regulated by the manufacturer.

Overhead model is most often used for residential premises

floor standing

The floor ones are also regulated quite simply, their difference is that they are not attached at the top, like the previous type, but at the bottom. AT residential buildings they are not used very often, mainly such models are intended for arranging the entrance to public institutions and offices.

Floor models are often used for glass doors

Hidden

Hidden structures are quite difficult to adjust on their own, as they are hidden inside the door leaf or in the floor, which makes it difficult to access them.

The design of hidden models involves embedding a door closer in door leaf

When Adjustment Is Needed

Adjusting the door closer is a fairly simple matter, you can easily do it yourself. Let's look at the cases in which it may be necessary to adjust the parameters of this device.

First of all, it should be remembered that the duration of the correct operation of any device depends on its quality service throughout the entire period of operation. Therefore, once or twice a year, it is necessary to inspect the door closer and correct minor problems. This is especially true when the seasons change.

Winter and summer climatic conditions strikingly different. Most closers are filled with oil, and as you know, any liquid changes its state depending on temperature. external environment. So, in winter the oil becomes more viscous and the movement of the door slows down, in summer everything happens exactly the opposite, so it is advisable to tighten the door closer to the required level.

When changing the seasons of the year, it is imperative to adjust the closer

Correction of devices is also necessary if you notice any problems or you are simply not satisfied with the set settings for its operation. If the door closer starts to slow down or the door closes too quickly and abruptly, in jerks, it does not attract for a long time, you can try to fix all this.

The closer is subject to mandatory adjustment in case of malfunctions.

Things are a little more complicated if the door closer is out of order. Then a simple adjustment may be ineffective and additional repair measures will be required.

In addition, knowledge about the possibility of setting the functions of the closer will be useful during the initial installation, when it needs to be adjusted in accordance with the conditions of use. Less often, it may be necessary to temporarily adjust the forces and functions of the product already in use.

Choice of door speed

The controller may have several functions. Almost every action can be corrected in a simple way. The first important point- adjustment of the speed of the closer front door. In other words, it depends on how quickly the door opens and closes. Standard overhead models have two screws on their body, the first screw is just responsible for adjusting the speed, but you can turn it a limited number of times.

The speed of the closer is adjusted using two adjusting screws: 1 - the speed of the web, 2 - the speed of the closing

By adjusting the spring tension level, you can either loosen or stiffen the door closer. Depending on the direction of scrolling, you can tighten or loosen it, which will provide a freer movement of the canvas.

Please note that one turn of the screw is enough to adjust, you cannot turn the screw twice, otherwise the device may depressurize and oil will leak out.

Dohlop installation

Now let's take a look at how to adjust the door closer to install the door closer. This mode allows you to smoothly close the doors, leaving a small gap before fully slamming. It also performs a function that provides a tighter fit of the canvas to the frame.

In order to set the catch, it is necessary to change the position of the second screw located on the closer body. When about 10-15 degrees remain until full closing, a slowdown will work, and then the canvas will be pulled to the end. The screw controls the speed of this movement.

Closing speed is adjusted using the adjusting screw number 2

open position

In some cases, it may be necessary to hold the door open for quite a long time. Let's look at how to adjust the closer so that the doors do not slam, but remain open.

In many models of door closers, a special “hold open” function is provided for this purpose. To set it to this mode, you need to open the door by about 90 degrees, and then tighten the special lock. After such simple manipulations, you can leave the door open when you open it to the set degree. A special latch will work in the closer, which will hold it in this position for as long as it takes. When it is necessary to close the door, simply pull it towards you and the lock will be released. If the door is not fully opened, it will move in the same way as usual, without delay.

Additional functions of the closer are regulated by screws specially designed for them.

What Not to Do

In order to correctly adjust the door closer, it is also necessary to be aware of possible limitations so that a simple adjustment of functions does not become fatal for the device.

1. The turn of the screw from the zero point should not be more than two turns, otherwise oil leakage may occur, which will adversely affect the operation of the device;
2. Distortions in the design of the closer are not allowed, otherwise it can quickly fail;
3. When closing the door, do not exert strong pressure on it;
4. It is not recommended to support the door in the half-open position, there is a special function for this;
5. Do not hang heavy objects on the door, as this can skew the set diagonal.

Door closer - a device whose action is aimed at quietly closing the door. The mechanism functions as follows: it is applied to the door physical strength, when this occurs, an impulse is transmitted to the device and acts so that the door opens and closes without sudden movements and noise. If you want to create a door closer with your own hands, you will need parts whose purpose is not related to the principle of operation of the door.

This is what the door closer looks like

Door closers are different. All differ in different dimensions and colors, as well as in the device of the mechanism.
Depending on the place of application, installation for doors can be:

• furniture - door closers are used in the compartment-door in the closet, sliding furniture elements, in the kitchen and so on;
• door closer - fixed on the main, interior doors, as well as in compartment doors to pantries and dressing rooms.

Existing door closer options

Furniture versions of the door closer are built into the structure during its creation. But door closers can be installed by yourself by creating a device with your own hands.
Closer configuration by device:

• a device with a drive and teeth;
• camshaft application.

Door closers are installed at the top, at the bottom, and are also mounted in door elements.

Upper door closer

it type view mechanism. There are options for installing closers at the top:

The door closer installation is selected based on the door opening functions.

If the doors are opened from incoming person, then the closer is placed in the first way, otherwise method 2 is applicable.

There is another option for installing the mechanism, it is applicable when the doors open in all directions.

Example of a closer for a door that opens on both sides

Parallel installation is carried out as follows - the mechanism is mounted on the door, the lever is mounted on the base of the door frame using a special plate.

Read also

How to choose door hinges

Bottom door closer

This door mechanism is used if there is no door frame. That is, if there are hinges on the doors, the lower mechanism is not used, since the closer in this case plays the role of a hinge.


The lower door closer is installed in a hole in the floor, which should be made in advance for this purpose.

Design option of the bottom door closer

This mechanism has an upper part that is installed in the ceiling. Without this component, the lower closer will work for a short period of time.

Hidden door closers

The mechanisms are completely hidden in the door leaf. There are 2 types:

Choosing the right door closer

Before choosing a door mechanism, you need to familiarize yourself with its functions. The principle of operation of the door closer is to quietly, smoothly close the door. This is reflected in the following factors:

1. Saving heat in the room.
2. There is no noise when the door moves.
3. Noise isolation. With a tight-fitting door to the box, there is no extraneous sounds from the street or another room.

The principle of operation of the door closer

For correct and long-term operation door mechanism you need to make the right choice of the closer.
For the correct functioning of the door closer, as well as its long-term operation according to its intended purpose, there are several rules, guided by which you can avoid mistakes in the manufacture of a mechanism or its purchase.

Scheme of the door closer

Depending on the appearance, functioning, as well as type - door closers have a different pricing policy.

Do-it-yourself door closer installation

The door closer can be produced and installed, adjusted from different means. How to install the top closer?

Detailed instructions for installing a door closer

Step-by-step instruction

If there is no layout in the set, then the technical data sheet indicates exact dimensions and measurements by which you can mount the door closer.

Door closer adjustment

After installing the door closer, a check is needed. If the door is hard to open, close or slam, you can adjust the door closer with your own hands.


There are 2 screws on the closer device. They take on the main functions of the mechanism. 1 screw - speed when closing the door, 2 - adjustment of the tightness of closing the door and its fit to the frame. If the door slams, you need to adjust the second screw. It must be slowly twisted (a little - half a turn), then check the closing of the door. Do this until the door stops slamming.

Door closer adjustment options

Closer where there are more than 2 screws

There are door closers with more than 2 adjustment screws. In this case, the purpose of each screw is indicated in the technical data sheet. In addition to the standard door adjustment screws (speed and pop), there are also screws that are responsible for other functions of the mechanism.


One screw serves as a door brake when opening. That is, opening the doors with a sharp movement will not work. The second screw leaves the doors open. That is, if the door is wide open, then it will remain in this position and will not close.

Drawing and diagram for adjusting the door closer

The screws are also adjusted slowly and half a turn.

The door has a number of elements that require care. One of them is a closer that allows you to gently, without extra effort and noise to close the door. Do-it-yourself door closer adjustment can be carried out both as a preventive measure and as needed. It is important to follow all stages of this process and then the result will be of high quality.

What is a closer?

This is a mechanism for regulating the smoothness of the door when closing. It is installed both in residential premises: houses, cottages, as well as in shops, in office buildings, in public places. So, one of the conditions for an access intercom is the presence of a metal door with an automatic lock.

Before the invention of the device, there was a spring, which was fixed at one end to the door, and at the other - to the wall, to the jamb. They are inconvenient to use, stretch, tear. Despite the fact that the main purpose is to slam the door, not all springs could cope with the task. Over time, they had to be replaced with new ones, since they were practically not subject to repair. With their help, the door slammed very loudly, which led to the destruction of the jambs and the door leaf.

door closer

Modern closers have the opposite characteristics. Their main task is to gently, gently, close the door in the room. They have a simple working principle. If it is necessary to open it, then some effort is applied to this. It is impulsively transmitted to the door closer by mechanics, then accumulated through the spring. Samo spring device located inside the case. When closing, the spring mechanism itself returns to its place, which allows you to adjust the features of the door operation process.

Modern door closers and their mechanisms

Thanks to the design solutions, the devices are distinguished according to the installation sites - according to the type of mechanical regulation, according to the methods of action. Each of them is different from each other. Knowing the features, you can easily carry out repairs yourself.

Overhead closers. They are installed at the top of the door. Hidden mechanisms built into the door leaf are also possible. So, the upper appliances are the most common. They are equipped with a sliding rail and consist of the following components:

• mechanism in a special case;
• mounting template for marking;
• a bar with fasteners-shoe, a variant with a river is possible;
• lever arm;
• screws for adjusting and setting the closing speed, the applied force according to the specified parameters.

door closer

Door closers at the bottom of the doors are installed in institutions, mainly on the glass door panels and are located on the support below, calculated from the central point.

Concerning internal parts, then they mainly consist of such parts as: a spring mechanism for compression when opening; gears equipped with a rack or cam mechanism. All work is provided by engine oil.

If it is installed on metal door with an intercom, then overhead mechanisms are more often used. They are distinguished by a significant amplification that occurs at the moment when it closes. This action is necessary for a comfortable snap-in force. If it is a rack and pinion mechanism, then the cam principle of the device is applied, but they are less commonly used.

If you put it outside, then it is more reliable in terms of operation, not subject to the effects of conditions environment lasts much longer.

When is an adjustment needed?

Experts believe that preventive work to regulate door device arguments must be held at least twice a year. If there were significant seasonal fluctuations, then such work should be done more often. This is due to the fact that the oily liquid inside the mechanism changes depending on the temperature in the street and in the room. If it is low, then the density of the oil increases. Temperature fluctuations lead to wear of parts that directly depend on the state of liquid media inside the door closer.

It is important that few tools are needed to regulate the mechanism of the argument, they are always at hand. An external examination will allow you to determine possible violations of the integrity and geometry of the door leaf, opening, door closer. In many ways, the quality of the device also depends on the internal parts, which are easy to fix with your own hands. The exception is violations of the tightness of the structure, since it cannot be disassembled and reassembled. It's easier to install a new mechanism.

Causes of failure include:

Adjustment steps

If you adjust the closer, then this involves the implementation of successive, interdependent stages. The instruction assumes the following actions:

• First, it is necessary to regulate the closing and opening of the door. For this they use control valve. If it is necessary to increase, then it is turned counterclockwise, and in order to increase, vice versa.
• Secondly, the delay in opening the door mechanism and the slamming speed are corrected. Not every device has additional valves. This can be easily detected, as there are a couple of screws on the end part. With the help of the first, the adjustment process of the closing speed of the door leaf takes place. The range is quite wide: 15-180°. The second bolt is used to adjust the backlash within 1-15 °. By twisting / unscrewing, you can debug the required speed.
• Thirdly, the closer force is regulated. It consists in adjusting the application of the spring force by means of a special nut. When checking the tension, it can be turned counterclockwise, then it will open easily. If you do the opposite, it will close tighter. This is how the force of the door closer is adjusted.

Door closer adjustment

The hold-open function makes things easier. With its help, you can securely fix the canvas in the open position. The latch itself is installed under the condition of 90 °, or 180 °, which directly depends on installation work and their features. Then the latch is tightened, and gently pulled towards itself, closing it.

Features of the adjustment process in a plastic door

When installing and further operating a plastic door, one should pay attention not only to the mechanism itself, but also to the features of its functioning, to the profile from which it is made door block. consists of the same stages as on metal or wood. To enhance the effect of quality, it is better to use wiring diagram, which will show the guides in the adjustment, especially if such work is carried out for the first time. All attachment points are checked, the lever and the closer mechanism are visually inspected, regardless of how and where it is installed.

It is necessary to open the door leaf to the maximum width and inspect the lever. If there are no flaws, distortions in it, it walks freely, then everything is in order. The lever foot must also be free-swinging. If the integrity of the device is broken, then it is easier to buy and install it again. Sometimes serious breakdowns can disrupt not only the process of soft closing and opening the door, but also affect the entire structure as a whole, giving distortions. Over time, they begin to intensify, and then you will have to change it completely, and not the closing / opening mechanism.

Preventive work

In order to avoid frequent repairs door closer, you should follow a few simple rules that will help extend the life and maintain quality work under any conditions. So, when the door closer does not need to make additional efforts, the door will close itself. If you speed up or slow down the process, then the lever mechanism or spring may fail. In cases of forced locking of the door, the lever is disconnected from the door closer. Often they do not know about this and install spacers, barriers in the form of bricks, stones, and the like.

If the closer is installed outside, then it is necessary to take care of the design of an additional protective casing that protects against frost, heat, and precipitation. Compliance with elementary methods of protection against breakage will increase the life of the door. Do-it-yourself door closer adjustment is a simple and reliable way to save money material costs and time. It is not always possible to call a door service specialist. Doing it yourself, following all the steps, is not difficult.