In this article, we will talk about copper-containing fungicides and talk about their use in horticulture and vegetable growing.

Mechanism of action

The active ingredient of all copper-containing fungicides are copper ions. They bind to sulfhydryl and amino groups of amino acids and change the tertiary structure of proteins. These proteins do not function normally, resulting in metabolic disorders and cell death.

Mushrooms are most sensitive to copper, although some pesticides also affect bacteria. However, as bactericidal preparations, copper-containing substances are not included in the Register of Pesticides.

Copper does not penetrate deep into plant tissues: therefore, all copper-containing fungicides are contact. They are easily washed off with water and have a relatively short period of protection.

blue vitriol

Copper sulfate is copper-2 sulfate pentahydrate ( CuSO4) - that is, copper sulfate associated with 5 water molecules. It is used mainly in horticulture to protect against moniliosis, scab, septoria, grape mildew, downy mildew and some other diseases. As a rule, a 1% solution is used with a working fluid consumption rate of about 10 liters per 100 m2.

Copper sulphate solution is acidic and can cause leaf scorch. Therefore, it is used only in early spring, before bud break, or in autumn, after the leaves fall. During the active growing season, Bordeaux liquid is used to spray the garden.

Bordeaux liquid

In fact, it is correct to write "Bordeaux" - with one "s". The liquid is a mixture of 1% aqueous solution of copper sulphate and 1% milk of lime in a ratio of 1:1. Simply put, to prepare 10 liters of Bordeaux mixture, 100 grams of vitriol, 100 grams of quicklime and 10 liters of water are used.

BZh is used to protect the rear from scab, moniliosis, septoria, anthracnose and rust - with varying effectiveness. In vegetable growing, it is also used quite widely - firstly, to protect potatoes and tomatoes from late blight, and in addition, to protect beets from septoria, onions - from downy mildew, etc. You can read more about the use of Bordeaux liquid.

copper hydroxide

Copper hydroxide silt Copper hydroxide - Cu(OH)2- also used as a contact fungicide. On its basis, preparations "Meteor", "Mercury", "Cupid" and "Koseid" are made. In Ukraine, "Champion" is also sold.

The hydroxide is mainly used to protect grapes from mildew. Copper hydroxide preparations usually contain 770 grams of active ingredient per kg. At this concentration, it is necessary to dissolve about 25 grams in 8-10 liters of water and use the resulting working liquid to spray 100 m2 of vineyards.

Fungicides "Cupidon" and "Koseid" are also allowed for the treatment of apple trees against scab and moniliosis, but when processing apple trees, the concentration of the drugs is reduced by about 1.5 times.

Copper oxychloride

Copper oxychloride has the formula CuCl2.3Cu(OH)2. It is the active ingredient of the fungicides "Abiga-Peak", "Kuprikol" and "HOM". In addition, there are complex pesticides, which include, including oxychloride. These fungicides have a fairly wide scope - from grapes to fiber flax - and the dosages and number of treatments for different crops and diseases are different. It is not appropriate to list all treatment schemes within this article: therefore, we recommend referring to the Pesticide Register, which provides detailed recommendations.

Many gardeners began to grow various crops on their site. In order for plants to grow healthy, fungicides must be used at all stages of planting and growing. To choose the right drug, you need to know what fungicides for plants are, how they work. Before using any drug, read the instructions for use. Subject to right approach to processing, the beds are rarely attacked by pests.

What are fungicides?

Fungicide is a drug chemical action, responsible for the prevention, prevention of development, as well as the destruction of bacteria and fungi, which can cause all kinds of diseases. On the this moment There are several types of drugs that are divided into categories.

• Therapeutic - are used if pests or diseases appear on the plantings.
• Contact - provide protection only to those parts of the plant on which they are located.
• Protective - used as a preventive measure for healthy plants.
• Systemic - able to spread throughout the plant and protect new shoots.

These products are used before planting, during growth, and also at the time of winter dormancy, depending on the type of plant and the fungicide used. All drugs have their own time of action, depending on the active substance, as well as on the amount of time when the remedy was on the plant. The greatest effect can be achieved if treated with an average frequency of 3-5 times at intervals of 10-13 days.

Chemical and biological fungicides

Fungicides are different, and depending on the purpose of the application, you need to choose best option. It must be remembered that all drugs penetrate into plants and can accumulate in fruits, pose a danger to humans. Before buying any funds, carefully read the instructions for use.

Each package must be labeled with a hazard class. Chemical fungicides contain both hazardous and non-hazardous substances that, if used improperly, can harm humans or animals. Mercury, iron, nickel and sulfur compounds are sometimes present in varying proportions.

Do not use drugs without protective clothing and a special mask. Chemical fungicides are used for a persistent effect on entire settlements of fungal infections. If plantings are slightly affected, use chemicals with a minimum concentration of harmful substances.

Chemical

Active substances in this category are chemical compounds. One of the erroneous actions of novice gardeners is to buy products that suggest high efficiency when using a small amount of the drug.

Among chemical fungicides, effective agents can be distinguished despite their chemical structure, which are popular among experienced gardeners. It is possible to carry out treatment with chemical fungicides of contact action only before the buds begin to ripen or after harvesting the fruits.

Means of chemical action:

• Copper vitriol.
• Oksikh.
• Zineb.
• Tiram.
• Bordeaux liquid.
• Soda ash with adhesive.

Biological

Now the market has a large number of biological fungicides, some of which are contact action. The main component of the biofungicidal action, in contrast to the chemical one, is an active bacterium, which has a negative effect on the cause of fungal diseases in plants.

These don't do much harm. human body, fish, animals and insects. The advantage of biological fungicides is that they can be applied during the entire growth period of the plant. The most effective drugs, according to most experienced gardeners, are:

• Trichodermin.
• Albite.
• Planzier.
• Agate.
• Phytosporin.
• Alirin-B.

Fungicides are distributed according to the purpose of application for:

• Seed protectors.
• Preparations for tillage.
• Substances for working with plants during their dormant period.
• Substances for work during the growing season.
• Preparations for processing storages of vegetables and grains.

But for ease of use, many generic drugs, which, due to their characteristics and properties, can be used in several directions. It should be noted that some contact fungicides are able to penetrate the upper seed coats.

10 effective drugs

These fungicides have proven to be effective among gardeners. Many drug names are known and in demand. Choose low and medium toxicity chemicals. For active infestations, use contact and systemic fungicides.

Before buying any type of fungicide, consider what result you want to get, the type and variety of the plant, and the degree of infection. To find the best drug, you need to try different means protection.

Speed

Means with an active spectrum of action. Used for gardening indoor plants. The concentrate is great for fruit crops oh such as gooseberries, currants, tomatoes, potatoes. Let's combine with many types of pesticides that simplifies conditions of its use.

The active ingredient is difenoconazole. The activity of the drug depends on its expiration date. After preparing the solution, it must be used immediately. seeds indoor crops can be soaked before planting for disinfection. The dosage depends on the type of seedling.

Topaz

The preparation is developed in the form of a concentrated emulsion. A systemic remedy against fungal diseases, relieves plantings of rust, powdery mildew. Excellent effect on the fungus at the initial stage of infection.

With the active manifestation of the infection, it is used in tandem with any contact fungicide. The active substance is penconazole. Application interval 1-2 weeks. The price is affordable, in demand.

Quadris

The drug for the active fight against fungal diseases, has a therapeutic and prophylactic effect. Low toxicity and easy to use. Possesses good absorption, gets into all parts of a plant. The active substance is azoxystrobin.

The tool has a prolonged action, after the first treatment it lasts 15 days. The drug is sprayed on the leaves of the plant in calm, dry weather.

strobi

A fungicide with an active and broad action. Suitable for vegetables, fruit trees, cereals and wild plants in middle lane Russia. Actively removes powdery mildew, scab and rust. The effect can be seen after 2-3 treatments. Sold in the form of granules. The active ingredient is xerozyme - methyl.

Once in the soil, the fungicide instantly decomposes, does not pollute water bodies. To prepare the mixture, 5 grams of the drug is dissolved in a bucket of water. Use strobi immediately after preparation. Treated with a sprayer during the growing season.

Falcon

This drug has proven its effectiveness, it is used in the processing of grapes, beets and cereals. Thanks to the use of various active ingredients in the emulsion, the product acts on the entire plant.

Falcon contains: tebuconazole, spiroxamine, triadimenol. When infected, plantings are treated from 1 to 4 times, depending on the type of plant. The price for 1 liter is 2000 thousand rubles.

Horus

A fungicide that is used to treat fruit, pome, stone fruit crops. It has proven itself in the treatment of scab, curl, rot of fruit crops and other diseases. Sold in the form of granules for further production of the solution.

The main advantage is washout resistance. After rain or in wet weather at a temperature of +15 degrees, the drug remains on the plantings. May be used with other means. The active ingredient is cyprodinil. Release form - granules, from which the mixture for processing is prepared. You can process 2-4 weeks before harvest.

Maksim

A drug related to the type of contact fungicides. The tool fights fungi of the Ascomycetes class. Distinguished by its high efficiency, since it belongs to a new chemical class of phenylpyrroles. Good for potato roots, bulbs, garden and houseplants.

The active ingredient is fludioxonil. The composition of the fungicide is considered unique, as it is similar to natural antifungal properties. To achieve an effective result, one treatment can be carried out.

Switch

Combined, effective tool in the fight against gray mold on grapes. It is used for treatment and prevention, inhibits the development of harmful microbes. Granules are used to prepare the mixture. The drug belongs to the third class of danger to humans and bees.

It has good resistance to flushing, prevents rotting of fruits, improves the keeping quality of grapes for transportation, preserves the vine. Adapted to work with different temperatures. Contains two active ingredients: fludioxonil and cyprodinil.

cabrio

Modern fungicide, which belongs to the type of contact. Effectively fights fungus even with a high degree of infection. Produced in the form of granules for further preparation of the solution. Can be used as a pesticide and fungicide.

Combination with other drugs contributes to the complex opposition of the lesion, reduces the risk of resistance.

Easily dissolves, leaves no dust, easy to spray. You can wait a long time between treatments.

Thanos

The agent is supplied in the form of water-dispersible granules for dilution. It has an active effect, it is well fixed on the surface of landings. An important note is that its use is permissible no more than 4 times in one season.

The agent is resistant to washing off, has a therapeutic and prophylactic effect to combat alternariosis, late blight, powdery mildew, white and gray rot. It is actively used for processing potatoes, tomatoes. You can buy a fungicide on the market, on the Internet, in specialized stores.

Instructions for the use of fungicides

First of all, it is worth remembering that when working with a list of drugs of similar action, there are a number of generally accepted rules:

1. 1. Work while using a respirator or medical mask.
2. 2. Protect the mucous membrane of the eyes with transparent glasses from getting the product.
3. 3. Wash hands and exposed areas of the body with soap and water after handling horticultural crops.
4. 4. Perform activities only if your clothing is closed and protected from chemicals.
5. 5. Do not eat or smoke while working.
6. 6. Processing must be carried out with the condition that there are no children and animals nearby.
7. 7. Store chemicals in a dry place.

When working with fungicides you need:

1. 1. Follow the previously studied instructions for the selected product. Do not apply to the drug instructions that are attached to another type of fungicide, because they may have a different spectrum of action and conditions of use.
2. 2. Contact fungicides are applied only during the period when precipitation is not expected. Between the treatment and the ingress of water on the horticultural crop, at least 2-3 hours should elapse. Spraying with a medicinal preparation acts only on the surface of the plant, therefore, the main task is to keep the fungicide in place for as long as possible.
3. 3. It is very important to follow the irrigation repetitions recommended in the instructions with the help of fungicides. No less important is what active drug is included in the composition of the product. Fungicides with the same active drugs are recommended not to be taken together. This will contribute to the development of resistance of pathogenic organisms to the substance used.
4. 4. Despite the fact that systemic preparations are quite strong and act almost immediately after application, you should not use them before rain or at a time when liquids can get on the plantings.
5. 5. If a hazardous substance enters the human body, drink a large amount of water, then induce vomiting and call an ambulance.

The working solution should only be used in suitable weather conditions. If the weather is windy, it is better to refrain from using funds. If the plant is too affected, then systemic fungicides should be chosen, which are used not only by spraying, but also by watering the plant under the root.

Preparations for combating fungal and bacterial diseases of plants.

Inorganic fungicides are drugs such as Bordeaux liquid, copper oxychloride, compounds of sulfur, iron, manganese, potassium, etc.

Advantages

Good retention on plants. Wide spectrum of action against pathogens.

Flaws

Difficulty in preparing some preparations, for example, Bordeaux liquid.

Can cause damage to plants: partial burns, leaf fall (copper- and sulfur-containing preparations) - this is the so-called phytocidity of preparations.

Inorganic fungicides last much longer in the soil than organic fungicides, especially if they contain heavy metals. In contrast, organic fungicides are biodegradable and usually persist in the soil for days to weeks.

All preparations based on copper are protective contact fungicides.

Advantages

High efficiency against plant diseases. Good retention on plants. Copper-containing fungicides, unlike fungicides of other classes, control not only fungal but also bacterial infection. They act on a large number of pathogenic fungi, in addition, they have a high bactericidal effect against bark diseases (black bacteriosis, bacterial burn, moniliosis, scab, green algae and lichens).

Flaws

Peculiarities

Thorough and even coverage of the entire plant is of great importance.

The duration of the protective effect of copper-containing preparations depends on the formulation, meteorological conditions (precipitation) and plant growth rate. Usually the period of protective action is 12-14 days.

Application

Copper compounds actively suppress the development of downy mildew, spotting, late blight and macrosporosis of potatoes, rust, moniliosis, pome scab, coccomycosis and clusterosporosis of stone fruit crops, and also inhibit the development of a number of bacterioses and powdery mildew.

Phytotoxicity

Phytotoxicity is especially evident in years with high humidity air and a long rainy period, as well as during the period of active plant growth. In addition, the long-term use of copper-containing fungicides and their accumulation in the soil has a negative effect on trees, causing a strong fall of leaves and ovaries in early summer.

Due to the fact that phytotoxicity is more pronounced during the period of active plant growth, it is recommended to alternate treatments with copper-containing preparations with treatments with organic agents. Before and during the flowering of plants, organic preparations should be used that are safe for flowers and stimulate the growth of shoots and leaves. Before fruit ripening, copper oxychloride is used (Hom, OxyHom, Proton). It is less phytotoxic than Bordeaux liquid, but it is worse retained on plants.

1. Bordeaux liquid (copper sulfate + calcium hydroxide, or in a popular way - copper sulfate + slaked lime). Bordeaux liquid is one of the universal fungicides with the longest period of protective action (up to 30 days). It has a very wide range of effects and is designed to protect fruit, vegetables, berries, melons, citrus, ornamental, flower and other crops from a complex of diseases.

In almost all cases, it has a stimulating effect on plants. The effectiveness of the drug depends on the period of its use. Best Results are obtained from preventive treatments, i.e. shortly before infection.

In terms of retention on leaves, Bordeaux liquid ranks first among fungicides. In addition, it has repellent properties for many insects. However, due to the high consumption of copper sulphate, the difficulty of preparation, and the possibility of plant damage, this fungicide is often replaced with copper oxychloride (HOM) and organic preparations. Compatible with most pesticides. It is well compatible with systemic fungicides: metalaxyl, oxadixyl, cymoxanil, alyet, etc., except for preparations containing tiram. 2nd class of danger to humans.

2. Copper sulfate (copper sulfate, "blue stone"). In the form of a solution, copper sulfate is used as a disinfectant.

Application

Copper sulphate is disinfected root system seedlings with signs of cancer, as well as wounds and tree hollows. For these purposes, the solution is prepared at the rate of 100 g of copper sulfate per 10 liters of water. Dissolve copper sulfate in warm water and necessarily in plastic, but not in metal utensils.
It is used for soil disinfection outside the growing season of plants (in early spring or late autumn). Soil treatment with copper sulfate is effective before planting onions and garlic, because. it helps to rid the plants of Fusarium infection.
Attention! Copper sulfate is not used on a vegetative plant - it can get burned. On vegetative plants, "Bordeaux mixture", "Khom", "Abiga-peak" are used. For spraying trees and bushes, copper sulfate is used only as an integral part of the Bordeaux liquid.

3. HOM (copper oxychloride). It is used as a substitute for Bordeaux liquid, but in comparison it is less resistant to washing off by rain. The advantage compared to Bordeaux liquid is the ease of preparation of a working solution, which is prepared by simple mixing with water. Good compatibility with most other chemicals. hazard class 3 (moderately hazardous);

Abiga Peak(copper oxychloride in the form of an aqueous suspension, prepared by simple dilution with water). 3rd class of danger;

OxyHom, and its analogue Proton (copper oxychloride + systemic fungicide oxadixyl). Combined contact-systemic, healing and protective action, high efficiency. Well suited for protecting potatoes and tomatoes from late blight and macrosporiosis, cucumbers from peronosporosis (downy mildew). Do not mix with other drugs. Hazard class 1 (hazardous substance).

Ordan (copper oxychloride + cymoxanil). Combined preparation of contact and local-systemic action. 3rd class of danger.

Note. In wet weather, as well as in plants sensitive to copper-containing preparations, preparations based on copper oxychloride often cause netting on fruits and leaf burns. Therefore, preparations based on it should be used differentiated, depending on the plant and climatic zones: it gives a good effect in areas with dry summers, and to the north, in areas of sufficient moisture, it is recommended to use organic fungicides. When using copper oxychloride in a mixture with organic fungicides from the dithiocarbamates group (Ordan, Rapid-Gold Plus), the risk of damage to crops is reduced. In this combination, organic compounds are more toxic to pathogens and have a longer duration of action.

4. Burgundy liquid (a mixture of solutions of copper sulfate / copper sulfate and soda). It is used as a replacement for Bordeaux liquid, but less resistant. Advantages in comparison with Bordeaux liquid - a film is not formed on the leaves that impairs photosynthesis.

Preparations colloidal sulfur, Thiovit Jet

Application

The main object of sulfur exposure is the causative agents of powdery mildew, as well as scab and rust. In addition, it inhibits the development of flares. The period of protective action is 10-14 days. The effectiveness of sulfur is highly dependent on air temperature. Optimum temperature for treatment with sulfur preparations +24 +32 °С. At temperatures below +20 °C, the preparations are ineffective, and at 35 °C and above, they damage plants and cause burns.

Flaws

Despite the many advantages of sulfur preparations, they have a number of disadvantages. So, they cause damage and a decrease in the yield of cucumbers in protected ground, impair photosynthesis, and when elevated concentrations make plant leaves rough and brittle. Black currants, gooseberries, raspberries, and pumpkin crops are especially sensitive to sulfur preparations - they may have fragility and coarsening of leaves, their fall, and burns. Due to the risk of plant burns, it is not recommended to use sulfur in drought conditions and in a mixture with oil preparations.

Toxicity

Sulfur preparations are classified as substances of little danger to humans (hazard class 3), but in the form of dust they can cause irritation of mucous membranes. respiratory tract, eyes and skin. They are also of little danger to beneficial organisms and do not pollute environmental objects.

Other fungicides

1. Iron vitriol (ferrous sulfate). Note: not to be confused with blue vitriol! contact fungicide.

Application

The main direction of use is the fight against mosses and lichens on fruit trees. Also, in the absence of other drugs, it can be used against diseases of the trunk and branches, cancer and chlorosis of apple trees, and against the wintering phases of various pests. Iron sulphate is completely unsuitable for processing green plants due to its strong burning properties. Therefore, it is applied only in early spring, before bud break, or late in autumn, after the leaves fall.

Usually iron sulphate is used in the form of an aqueous solution for spraying or as part of a whitewash for trees and shrubs. Processing should be carried out either in early spring, before bud break, or in autumn, after the foliage has fallen. It should be noted that the spring application iron sulphate may inhibit kidney development. The period of protective action is 14 days.

Peculiarities

Do not mix with other drugs.

You can not dilute with slaked lime (unlike blue vitriol).

Process trees and shrubs only on the bark and bare branches, because. the drug causes burns on the leaves.

Iron vitriol delays bud break (for about a week), so treatment with a 3-4% solution before the start of the growing season helps to survive the period of spring frosts.

2. Potassium permanganate (potassium permanganate). Microfertilizer. Antiseptic with fungicidal and bactericidal action.

Application

A weak solution of potassium permanganate is used against black leg, fusarium, bacteriosis in seedlings and vegetable and flower crops; for preplant treatment of seeds, bulbs, corms, rhizomes garden plants within 2 hours; for disinfection of inventory and tools; for soil disinfection.

Flaws

The biggest disadvantage of potassium permanganate is its ability to acidify the soil. The increased acidity of the soil inhibits the viability of beneficial microorganisms. In addition, soils with high acidity are contraindicated for tender seedlings of plants and young seedlings - they can die on such soils. Contributes to an excess of potassium and manganese in the soil, which also negatively affects plants.

In fact, potassium permanganate is more of a trace element that plants need for growth and development. However, not all soils need to be fertilized with potassium permanganate: if it stimulates plant growth on chernozem and sod-calcareous soils, then on sod-podzolic soils, which are rich in manganese themselves, its excess adversely affects plants.

3. Hydrogen peroxide. Antiseptic and disinfectant. Hydrogen peroxide has a universal antimicrobial effect. Gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, viruses, many types of pathogenic fungi are sensitive to it. Causes the death of spores of most sporogenous bacteria. It has antifungal, antiviral and antibacterial action.

Application

It is used for soil disinfection (50 ml of peroxide per 0.5 l of settled tap water); to fight fungal infections on the ground with seedlings (drip peroxide solution on the mold); for disinfection of seeds (soak the seeds in a 3% peroxide solution for 5-10 minutes); for dressing bulbs and tubers (dip the bulbs in a peroxide solution before planting or storing); for disinfection of pots and containers for seedlings, tools.

Advantages

Does not acidify the soil, unlike potassium permanganate. When interacting with organic substances, it decomposes into water and active oxygen, leaving no chemical traces and without polluting the environment. If the recommended dose is exceeded, it does not have a toxic effect. It has a stimulating effect on seeds, destroying germination inhibitors.

Flaws

It quickly decomposes in the light, when interacting with metals, organic substances, and alkalis. Therefore, in organic substrates, the antimicrobial activity of hydrogen peroxide rapidly decreases. Besides, in recent times a decrease in the sensitivity of microbes to hydrogen peroxide and the appearance of bacteria resistant to this drug were noted.

4. Some fungicidal action is also possessed by:

Green potassium soap. Prophylactic against pests and diseases. Enhances the effect of pesticides, acts as an effective "adhesive", increasing the resistance of drugs on the plant. Has optimum compatibility with unstable pesticides. It is used as an additive to working solutions of fungicides and insecticides, as well as an independent agent.

Completely safe for humans and insects.

Zelenka. Antiseptic. The antiseptic qualities of brilliant green are due to the copper compounds present in the composition. It is used to heal wounds in plants, protecting them from moisture loss and decay.

When pruning trees and shrubs, the cuts are covered with brilliant green (instead of garden pitch); cauterize wounds and other damage on tubers and bulbs of flower crops.

Currant - slices processed with brilliant green

Rules for working with fungicides

In conclusion, we recall some basic rules when working with fungicides.

1. Processing of plants should be carried out in cloudy and calm weather.

2. Precipitation that falls within 4-6 hours after treatment significantly reduces the effectiveness of the preparations.

3. Be sure to use protective equipment- rubber gloves, and protective mask on the face. Make sure that chemicals do not get on the skin.

4. During the season, alternate contact and systemic fungicides; systemic drugs use not one type, but 2-3 different types and from different chemical groups. This will avoid the emergence of resistance of pathogenic fungi and bacteria to one drug.

5. It is not recommended to treat with systemic fungicides all green or other crops that use green stems or leaves as food, as well as radish, radish, daikon. Processing of strawberries, currants, gooseberries, cherries can be carried out only BEFORE FLOWERING. These crops absorb toxic compounds very well, and with later processing they do not have time to get rid of them until they are eaten, even if the waiting periods are observed.

The last decades have indeed been marked by an unprecedented increase in viral, bacterial, and fungal diseases of all cultivated plants without exception. Bacterial, viral diseases are practically untreatable, no matter what actions gardeners take. With fungal diseases (late blight, gray rot, other types of rot, powdery mildew, peronosporosis, fusarium, clasterosporosis, root rot, various leaf spots, others) with proper use, fungicides successfully cope - contact, systemic.
Fungicidal substances (from the Latin “fungus” - fungus and “caedo” - I kill), chemicals that can completely (fungicidal) or partially (fungistatic) suppress the development of plant pathogens and are used to combat them; one of the groups of pesticides.

Fungicides are classified:
Depending on the chemical properties they are inorganic (sulfur compounds - lime-sulfur decoction, ground and colloidal sulfur; copper - copper sulfate, copper oxychloride; mercury - mercury chloride) and organic.
Depending on the effect on the pathogen fungicides are divided into prophylactic, or protective (prevent infection of a plant or stop the development and spread of the pathogen in the place of infection accumulation before infection occurs, suppressing mainly its reproductive organs - most fungicides), and therapeutic, or eradicating (act on mycelium, reproductive organs and overwintering stages of the pathogen, causing their death after infection of the plant).
Nature of use fungicides are also different: seed protectants (used to combat diseases whose pathogens are spread with seeds or are in the soil), soil preparations (destroy soil pathogens of plant diseases, especially effective in greenhouses and greenhouses), fungicides for treating plants during dormancy (destroy the wintering stages of the pathogen, used in early spring before bud break, late autumn and winter), fungicides for processing during the growing season (mainly preventive drugs used in summer), for spraying and fumigation of storage facilities, in particular granaries and vegetable stores.
By the nature of distribution within plant tissues fungicides are contact (local) and systemic (intraplant).
contact fungicides
Contact fungicides, when treated with plants, remain on the surface and cause the death of the pathogen upon contact with it. Some of them have a local deep action, for example, they are able to penetrate into the outer shells of seeds. The effectiveness of contact preparations depends on the duration of action, the amount of fungicide, the degree of retention on the treated surface, photochemical and chemical resistance, weather, etc.
Contact preparations - such as cineb, polycarbocin, copper oxychloride, sulfur, mancozeb, Bordeaux liquid, others - are not able to treat already diseased plants, but reliably protect them from infection. Plants do not develop resistance to them - this is their main advantage. But the term of their protective action does not exceed 10-12 days before the first heavy rain, after which the treatment is repeated. The multiplicity of treatments for contact fungicides is the largest: from 3 to 6 treatments per season. These drugs almost do not penetrate into the plant, they protect only those places where they are located directly. Therefore, when working with contact fungicides, try to carefully spray not only the surface of the leaves, but also their underside, as many types of fungi begin to germinate from the underside of the leaves.
Systemic fungicides
Systematicity in plant protection refers to the ability of the active substance to be redistributed from the place of application to other places, parts of the plant, not only on the surface, but inside the plant. Systemic fungicides penetrate into the plant, spread through the vascular system and suppress the development of the pathogen due to direct action on it or as a result of plant metabolism. Their effectiveness is mainly determined by the rate of penetration into plant tissues and to a lesser extent depends on meteorological conditions.
These preparations protect plants both from the outside and from the inside. Systemic fungicides can have a curative effect, but on early stages infections. Already after 2-6 hours from the moment of treatment, any precipitation (or irrigation) is not able to reduce the effectiveness of such drugs. And the period of protective action remains with them for 2-3 weeks. However, pathogenic fungi develop resistance to systemic fungicides very quickly. To slow down this process, international crop protection experts recommend using them no more than twice per season on the same crop. And if additional treatments are required, then you need to use drugs or contact action, or a systemic fungicide, but of a completely different chemical group.
Chemical groups of systemic plant protection products (analogues are given in brackets)
1. Azoles (triazoles) - Penetrate deep into the leaf of the plant, moving behind the growth point, well protect young shoots from diseases, excellent for the treatment of many types of fungal diseases of plants - Alto, Allegro plus, Bytan, Bumper, Skor (Bogard, Dividend), Sportak, Split, Topaz, Impact, Vincit, Vectra, Bayleton, Tosonite, Vial, Lospel, Real, Premis25, Raxil, Rex, Terrasil, Tilt, Sumi8, Falcon combined fungicide, Folicur combined, Shavit combined. (drugs contain different active ingredients).
2. Strobirulins - have a systemic effect, penetrate well into plant tissues, are able to move beyond the growth point, protecting the shoots. They are highly resistant to temperature extremes, recommended as an excellent prophylactic. They have a wide spectrum of action, applicable to many fungal diseases - Amistar, Zato, Strobi, Flint, Quadris, Cabrio Top (fungicides contain different active ingredients).
3. Benzimidazoles - have a systemic effect, it is recommended to apply by irrigation, they are well distributed throughout the plant with nutritious juices. Excellent for the treatment of many fungal plant diseases. Can be used as a seedling and seed dressing agent - Ferazim, Terminator, Derozal (Colfugo-Super), Shtefazal, Bavemtin, Benlat, Fundazol (Fundozim, Benomyl), Agrocyte, Vial, Vincit, Tecto (Titusim). fungicides contain different active ingredients).
4. Phenylamides - Apron.
5. Anilidopyrimidines - Chorus.
6. Pyrimidinylcarbinols - Rubigan.
7. Dithianols - Delan.
8. Phosphonates - Alyett (Alufit).
9. Phthalamides - Merpan, Folpan.
10. Hydroxyanilides - have a protective systemic effect, are not phytotoxic to humans and animals, an excellent remedy for rot and powdery mildew - Teldor.
11. Carbamates - have a systemic effect, it is recommended to use an irrigation agent as a prophylactic agent, it spreads well through the vascular system of the plant - Previkur, Tatu, Topsin-M (they have different active ingredients).
12. Dithiocarbamates: They have a contact action, are effective in the intervals between treatments for combination with other fungicides - Polycarbacin; Ditan, Acrobat (mancozeb); Antrakol; Ridomil-Gold combined (mancozeb, metalaxyl). (fungicides with different active ingredients).
13. Piperazine derivatives - have a protective and healing effect, it is good to use against powdery mildew, rot and gray mold action - Saprol.
14. Pyrimidamines - have a systemic effect, are well used against powdery mildew - Rubigan, Milgo, Horus (fungicides with different active ingredients)
15. Imidazoles are effective against powdery mildew and mold - Mirage, Trifmin
16. Derivatives of hydroxycarboxylic acids have a systemic effect, are used as a seedling and seed dressing agent - Vitavax, Carboxin
17. Dithiocarbamates: They have a contact action, are effective in the intervals between treatments for combination with other fungicides - Polycarbacin; Ditan, Acrobat (mancozeb); Antrakol; Ridomil-Gold combined (mancozeb, metalaxyl); Cabrio Top (fungicides with different active ingredients).
18. Organophosphorus - effective against downy mildew, powdery mildew and gray mold - Allett, aluminum fosetil, Efal, Mitsu Alufit Afugan
19. Acetamides and oxazolidine derivatives: Effective against late blight, Alternaria, mildew - Thanos - combined

Like insects, fungal resistance on plants is developed immediately to all fungicides of the same chemical group.

The best options for plant protection are:
alternating contact and systemic fungicides;
alternation 2-3 systemic drugs but from different chemical groups.

Been produced for many years mixed fungicides, consisting of 2-3 active ingredients, and they:
both contact and systemic action at the same time (Kurzat R. Odram, Acrobat MC, Ridomil Gold MC, Sandofan M8, Tattu, Oxyhom, Pilon, Artemi S, Poliram DF, Arceride, Avixil, others). They are used as contact preparations up to 4 times per season with the concentration of the working solution usually not lower than 0.3-0.4% (30-40 g per 10 l of water). Please note that a lower concentration of solutions leads to poor results. So this is just the case when “you can’t spoil the porridge with oil” ... Prepare solutions of fungicides of this group, adhering to the recommendations of the instructions, but it’s even better to make them more concentrated than it is written.
only systemic action, may belong to the same chemical group or to completely different ones. This is done only in order to expand the spectrum of action on harmful fungi. Such fungicides include Mikal, Archer, Ryder, Alto-Super, Falcon, Thanos, and others. They are used no more than twice per season.

Currently, there is an active development and production of the so-called biological fungicides. Their fundamental difference from chemical fungicides is a non-chemical effect on the pathogen, for example, bacterial preparations contain a certain set of bacteria that can cause the death of a number of species of pathogenic fungi.
There are a lot of types of biological fungicides, the main ones are: Fitosporin, Barrier, Zaslon, Fitop, Integral, Bactofit, Agat, Planzir, Trichodermin. Biological fungicides are characterized by low toxicity and high efficiency.
Basic rules for using drugs
1. Spray only in cloudy calm weather, as well as early in the morning - at dawn or in the evening - at sunset. Precipitation falling within 4-6 hours after treatment reduces the effectiveness of many fungicides.
2. Be sure to use rubber gloves, because. all plant protection products penetrate the skin quite well and are then absorbed into the blood. It is enough to put on a light respirator or bandage on the face.
3. With the systematic use of the same fungicides, their effectiveness may decrease due to the formation of resistant races of the pathogen. To prevent this phenomenon, it is necessary to strictly observe the doses of the drug consumption and alternate the applied fungicides. In connection with great value F. for agriculture, their production is constantly increasing.
4. Try to spray the plants themselves with fungicides, and not the soil. A high-quality pneumatic sprayer will help save money, time, and keep you healthy. Therefore, do not save on the purchase of a sprayer.
5. It is forbidden to treat with systemic fungicides all green or other crops that use green stems or leaves as food, as well as radish, radish, daikon, strawberries, currants, gooseberries, cherries, cherries (the last four can only be processed before flowering) , since all these cultures absorb toxic compounds very well, they do not have time to get rid of them until they are eaten, even if the waiting periods are observed.
6. The working solution is prepared immediately before use, it can be stored for no more than a day.
7. Do not allow any fungicides to enter water bodies, as this leads to the death of all living things in them. Poisons are destroyed faster in the surface layer of the earth, which is not intended for use for vegetable gardens, hayfields, pastures, and playgrounds. The sun, soil microorganisms are the main destroyers, neutralizers of any toxic compounds.
8. Store fungicides in a dry, dark, preferably frost-free area away from food products. All packages must be sealed, as air moisture changes the physical properties of drugs. The shelf life of biological products is 1-2.5 years, chemical products - 10 years or more, regardless of the expiration date indicated on the container label.

List of fungicides. and instructions for them (the list is incomplete)
CHEMICAL FUNGICIDES:
Abiga Peak, Sun
Copper-containing broad-spectrum contact fungicide (copper oxychloride 400 g/l.). The drug is designed to combat a complex of fungal and bacterial diseases on vegetable, industrial, fruit, ornamental and flower crops, vines, medicinal plants and forest plantations.
The drug is not phytotoxic when used in strict accordance with the developed recommendations.

Acrobat MC
Fungicide of systemic-local and contact action (dimethomorph 90 g/kg + mancozeb 600 g/kg). as well as a number of other diseases.
Hazard class: 2 (hazardous substance).

Byleton
A systemic fungicide used to protect plants from a wide range of diseases (triadimefon, 250 g/kg). It is used, in particular, to control powdery mildew (Erysiphe graminis), fusariums (Fusarium spp.), rust fungi (Puccinia spp.), rhynchosporium (Rhynchosporium secalis), septoria (Septoria pp.), pyrenophorosis (Pyrenophora spp.), red-brown spotting (Helminthosporium avenae), net spotting (Drechslera teres), cercosporellosis (Pseudocercosporella herpotrichoides).
Hazard class 3 (moderately hazardous substance).

Bordeaux mixture
Broad-spectrum contact fungicide (copper sulfate 960 g/kg + calcium hydroxide 900 g/kg. Designed to protect fruit, vegetables, berries, gourds, citrus, ornamental, flower and other crops from a complex of diseases.
Hazard class: 2 (hazardous substance). The drug is not dangerous for bees. It is necessary to carry out the processing of plants in compliance with environmental regulations.

Vitaros, VSK
Fungicide of contact-systemic action, for dressing planting material(98g/l thiram + 198g/l carboxine). Effective remedy for dressing bulbs, corms and rhizomes of flower crops before planting and storage. It suppresses the development of pathogens located both on the surface of the planting material and inside it.
Hazard class: 3 (moderately hazardous substance).

Ditan M-45
Fungicide of contact action, to combat late blight and alternariosis and other fungal diseases (mancozeb 800 g / kg.). Ditan M-45 analogue of Profit. Protective-contact preparation for protecting plants from late blight and a number of other diseases.
Hazard class: 2 (hazardous substance). The drug is not phytotoxic, compatible with most other drugs. Not dangerous for bees, earthworms and soil microorganisms.

But
A fungicide from the class of strobilurins with mesostemic activity (trifloxystrobin 500 g/kg).
It is used mainly on pome crops, for example, apples and pears, against scab, alternariosis, black (sooty) spot, powdery mildew, moniliosis, phyllosticosis and to prevent diseases during storage of fruits.
Hazard class: 3 (moderately hazardous substance).

Green soap
Prophylactic against pests and diseases. It is also used as a component of self-prepared plant protection products. Ingredients: water, potassium salts of fatty acids, natural fats and vegetable oils.

Kurzat R
Fungicide of contact and locally systemic action (copper oxychloride, 89.5 g/kg, cymoxanil, 42 g/kg.). Analogue of the drug Ordan. It is mainly used to protect against late blight on potatoes and downy mildew on cucumbers. The drug has preventive, curative and pathogen spore-suppressing properties.
Hazard class: 3 (moderately hazardous substance). The drug is medium resistant in soil (3rd class), practically non-toxic for soil organisms and birds. The drug is moderately dangerous for bees (2nd class).

Kurzat M
Fungicide of contact and systemic action (cymoxanil, 45 g/kg, mancozeb, 680 g/kg.). It is used to combat late blight and alternariosis and other fungal diseases: alternariosis, macrosporiosis, dry spot, septoria, rhizoctoniosis, black spot, pernosporosis, mildew.
For humans, the hazard class of the drug is 2 (hazardous substance). Not dangerous for bees. (Grade 3).

Maksim
Contact fungicide (fludioxonil, 25 g/l.). It is used for dressing flower bulbs, other planting material (corms, seed potatoes) from rot before planting and during storage.
Hazard class: 3 (moderately hazardous substance). Not hot. Not phytotoxic. Toxic to fish, do not allow to enter the aquatic environment.

blue vitriol
Copper-containing broad-spectrum contact fungicide (copper sulfate, 960 g/kg). Fungicide to combat diseases of berry, fruit (stone and pome), ornamental crops, shrubs. Designed for use in private farms.
Hazard class: 3 (moderately hazardous substance).

Oksikhom
Broad-spectrum systemic contact fungicide (copper oxychloride 670 g/kg + oxadixyl 130 g/kg). Oxychom is used to combat diseases caused by fungi of the oomycete subclass. It is well suited for protecting potatoes and tomatoes from late blight and macrosporiosis, cucumbers from perepporosis (downy mildew).
Hazard class: 1. Hazardous substance.

Ordan
Fungicide of contact-systemic action, to combat late blight and Alternaria and other fungal diseases (copper oxychloride, 689 g / kg + cymoxanil, 42 g / kg.). Two-component fungicide of local-systemic action to protect potatoes, cucumbers and tomatoes in open and protected ground, grapes and a number of other plants from a complex of diseases.
Hazard class: 3 (moderately hazardous substance).

Previkur, VK
A fungicide with systemic properties that has both protective and growth-promoting properties (propamocarb hydrochloride, 607 g / l.). It has a wide spectrum of activity against pathogens of root rot and peronosporosis (Pythium, Phytophthora, Aphanomyces, Bremia, Peronospora, Pseudopeonospora spp). It has a stimulating effect, increases the resistance of the plant to infection, stimulates the rooting of cuttings, growth and flowering of plants.
Hazard class: 3 (moderately hazardous substance), has a slight irritating effect on the skin and mucous membranes of the eyes.

Profit, joint venture
Fungicide to combat late blight and Alternaria and other fungal diseases (Mancozeb, 800g/kg). The preparation is enriched with manganese and zinc.
Hazard class: for humans - 2 (hazardous substance). The drug is not phytotoxic, compatible with most other drugs. Not dangerous for bees, earthworms and soil microorganisms.

Profit Gold, VDG
Fungicide of contact-systemic action, to combat late blight and Alternaria and other fungal diseases (cymoxanil 250 g/kg + famoxadone 250 g/kg). Cymoxanil is quickly absorbed by the leaves and penetrates the plant, famoxadone remains on the surface of the leaves for a long time. Designed for use in private farms.
Hazard class: 3 (moderately hazardous substance).

Rayok, KE
Systemic fungicide with a long-term preventive and protective effect (difenoconazole, 250 g/l). It is used to protect fruit crops from powdery mildew, scab, leaf curl, coccomycosis, clasterosporiasis. It can be used to combat late blight and early blight on potatoes and tomatoes. It is also used in the fight against powdery mildew. Analogue of the drug "Skor".
Hazard class: 3 (moderately hazardous substance). The product is non-toxic to birds and bees. The drug is toxic to fish.

Ridomil gold, VDG, joint venture
Fungicide of contact-systemic action, to combat late blight and Alternaria and other fungal diseases (mefenoxam, 40 g / kg + mancozeba, 640 g / kg). Mefenoxam provides internal protection: systemic and translaminar action - protection of treated and untreated parts of plants, new growth and tubers, high level effectiveness against fungi from the class of oomycetes (causative agents of downy mildew), rapid decomposition in the soil. Mancozeb provides external protection and is an effective contact fungicide and a key link in the anti-resistance strategy.
Hazard class: 2 (hazardous substance). When using the drug in strict accordance with the recommendations developed by the company, there is no risk of phytotoxicity. The drug is slightly toxic to birds and bees, but toxic to fish.

Rovral, SP
Fungicide of contact action against a complex of diseases (iprodion, 500 g/kg). Rovral is effective against a wide range of pathogens: Alternaria, Botrytis, Oxysporum, Fusarium, Helminthosporium, Monilia, Phoma, Pleiochaeta, Rhizoctonia, Sclerotinia, Sclerotium, Septoria, Penicillium, Rhizopus, Typhula. When the soil is spilled, it has a systemic effect.
Hazard class: 3 (moderately hazardous compound). Prohibited for use in the sanitary zone of fishery reservoirs. Practically not dangerous for bees - hazard class 4.

Speed, KE
Systemic fungicide with a long-term preventive and pronounced therapeutic effect, to combat scab, powdery mildew, leaf curl, late blight and Alternaria and other fungal diseases (difenoconazole 250 g / l.). A drug with a long-term preventive and pronounced therapeutic effect. An analogue of the drug "Rayok".
Hazard class: 3 (moderately hazardous substance).

Tattu, CS
Fungicide of contact-systemic action (mancozeb, 301.6 g/l, propamocarb hydrochloride, 248 g/l). plant resistance. Propamocarb hydrochloride disrupts the biosynthesis of membrane structures and slows down the germination of spores and the development of mycelium.
Hazard class: 2 (dangerous compound), has a slight irritating effect on the skin and mucous membranes of the eyes.

Teldor VG
Fungicide of local-systemic action (fenhexamid, 500 g/kg). Preparation for combating Gray rot (Botrytis cinerea), Moliniliosis (Monilinia fructigena, Monilinia laxa), White rot (Sclerotinia sclerotiorum) on fruit and berry crops and grapes. Applied from the most early dates and up to harvest. The drug also increases the safety of fruits during transportation and storage.
Hazard class: 3 (moderately hazardous substance).

Tilt CE
Systemic fungicide with growth-stimulating activity (propiconazole, 250 g/l.). The drug Tilt through the leaves and stems, due to systemic action, enters the plants. The drug has not only a long protective and curative effect, but also stops the further development of the pathogen and suppresses sporulation in it. In addition, the drug has growth-regulating activity. Attention! No more than one treatment with Tilt should be carried out per growing season.
Hazard class: 3 (moderately hazardous compound). The drug is non-toxic to birds, slightly toxic to bees, toxic to fish.

Thiovit jet, VDG
Contact fungicide and acaricide (sulfur, 800 g/kg). Preparation for the protection of vegetable, fruit, flower crops and vineyards from powdery mildew, some other diseases and mites.
Hazard class: 3 (moderately hazardous substance).

Topaz, KE
Systemic fungicide to control powdery mildew, rust and other fungal diseases (Penconazole, 100 g/L). The best results are obtained by prophylactic application at the beginning of the growing season to suppress the primary infection of the powdery mildew pathogen, as well as to prevent the spread of the disease or at the first signs of the onset of the disease.
Hazard class: 3 (moderately hazardous substance).
The drug is moderately dangerous for humans and animals (hazard class 3), non-toxic for birds and beneficial insects, dangerous for fish. Not phytotoxic.

Topsin-M SP
Systemic fungicide for preventive and therapeutic effect(methyl thiophanate, 700 g/kg). The drug belongs to substances similar to benzimidazoles (benomyl), penetrates into plants, is absorbed by the root system, and transforms into carbendazim. It is most effective in preventive treatment, before the development of the pathogen. It has a negative effect on soil nematodes, on a number of aphid species. The drug is not effective against downy mildew.
Hazard class for humans - 2 (hazardous substance). Does not irritate the skin and mucous membranes. Not dangerous for birds, bees, hazard class 3. Toxic to fish. Toxic to lacewing eggs.

Fundazim SP
Broad-spectrum systemic fungicide (benomyl, 500 g/kg.). An analogue of the drug "Fundazol". For the entire season, no more than 2 treatments are allowed by spraying and watering, since after that the pathogens develop resistance! To overcome resistance, it is necessary not to use drugs from the benzimidazole class for 1–2 seasons.

Fundazol
Fungicide and protectant with a wide range of systemic action against a large number of fungal diseases of seeds and leaves of plants. Fundazol has both protective (preventive) and therapeutic properties. For the entire season, no more than 2 treatments are allowed by spraying and watering, since after that the pathogens develop resistance! To overcome resistance, it is necessary not to use drugs from the benzimidazole class for 1-2 seasons.
Hazard class: Benomyl (benorad, fundazol, fundazim) has a hazard class 2 (dangerous compound) for humans, for fish. The preparation has low toxicity for soil organisms and birds.

Hom
Fungicide of systemic-local and contact action (copper oxychloride, 900 g/kg). A preparation for combating plant diseases: apple and pear scab, potato and tomato late blight, plum fruit rot, peach leaf curl, grape mildew, onion and cucumber downy mildew, rust and spotting of ornamental and flower crops and pathogens of fungal diseases.
Hom has a hazard class 3 (moderately hazardous substance).

Potassium permanganate (potassium permanganate) used for dressing seeds, bulbs, corms, rhizomes flower plants at a concentration of 0.1-0.15% for two hours. It can be used for health-improving watering of seedlings, seedlings and adult plants under the root in the fight against blackleg, fusarium, bacteriosis. It is used for disinfection of stock and tools.

soda ash(linen) is used to combat powdery mildew. For spraying prepare a 0.3-0.5% solution. For better adhesion, soap is added to the soda solution.

BIOLOGICAL FUNGICIDES

Alirin - B, TAB
Biological fungicide for the suppression of fungal diseases in the soil and on plants (soil microflora - Bacillus subtilis VIZR-10, titer 109 CFU / g), similar in composition and action to phytosporin. Recommended: as a therapeutic and prophylactic agent, effectively suppresses pathogens of fungal diseases on all types of horticultural crops and indoor plants.
Hazard class: 4 (low hazardous substance). Safe for humans, animals, fish, bees, beneficial entomofauna and the environment

Albite
A complex preparation with the advantages of a contact biological fungicide and stimulant (Bacillus megaterium and Pseudomonas aureofaciens, coniferous extract and a set of macro and microelements). Albit is a complex drug with the advantages of analogues (Agat-25k, pseudobacterin, phytosporin, planriz, silk, crystallon, humates).
Hazard class: 4 (low hazardous substance).

Hamair, P, Tab.
Biological bactericide for the suppression of bacterial and some fungal diseases in the soil and on plants (Bacillus subtilis M-22 VIZR, titer 109 CFU/g), similar in composition and action to phytosporin. Recommended: as a therapeutic and prophylactic agent, effectively suppresses pathogens of bacterial diseases on all types of horticultural crops and indoor plants.
Hazard class - 4 (low-hazardous substance). Safe for humans, animals, fish, bees, useful entomofauna and the environment. Does not accumulate in plants and soil, which contributes to the production of environmentally friendly products

Gliocladin, Tab
Trichodermin analogue.
Biological fungicide for the suppression of pathogens of fungal diseases in the soil (fungal culture Trichoderma harziannum VIZR-18).
Hazard class - 4 (low-hazardous substance). Safe for humans, animals, fish, bees, useful entomofauna and the environment.

Trichodermin
Biological fungicide treatment and prevention of root infections of indoor flowers and ornamental plants. Soil conditioner. Germinating in moist soil from spores, the mycelium of the fungus suppresses about 60 types of soil pathogens that infect the soil and cause root rot.
Hazard class - 4. Safe for humans, animals, fish, bees, useful entomofauna and the environment. It has no phytotoxic effect on protected plants. Does not accumulate in plants and soil, which contributes to the production of environmentally friendly products

Fitolavin, VRK
Systemic biological bactericide (phytobacteriomycin). It is used in the prevention of root rot, vascular bacteriosis, black leg diseases, bacterial burn, angular leaf spot, bacterial tuber rot, vascular bacteriosis on cucumber, bacterial top rot, alternariosis on tomatoes, moniliosis, scab, fusarium, anthracnose.
Hazard class: - 3 (moderately dangerous compound). Has an irritating effect.

fungal diseases- this is a fairly serious problem for any gardener. If you find that your plant is affected by a fungus, you need to take urgent measures, otherwise it will be extremely difficult to save the plant. This may indicate gray coating on plant leaves. In this case, special preparations come to the aid of all gardeners - fungicides. What are fungicides, what they are, how to use them - we will tell in this article.

Traces of leaf damage by a fungal disease

What is a "fungicide"?

First you need to figure out what it is. Fungicides- These are chemical preparations for the treatment of plants, belong to a large group of pesticides. Translated from Latin, "fungicide" means "killing mushrooms." They inhibit the development and destroy fungi harmful to plants.

How fungicides work is still not exactly known. The vast majority of these drugs act directly on fungi and their spores, disrupting their normal life processes. Some fungicides disrupt the reproduction of fungi, some block the synthesis of proteins and other substances necessary for the life of the fungus, and some disrupt the normal process of fungal cell division.

What are fungicides?

There are many different classifications of fungicides. All drugs according to the method of production are divided into chemical and biological. The first are produced artificially from chemical compounds. And the second group is made on the basis of live bacteria pathogenic for fungi. The advantage of biological ones is that they are less harmful and toxic compared to chemical ones. It is because of this advantage that natural fungicides are often used by gardeners.

Another one fungicide classification- according to the mechanism of action. There are two groups of fungicides:

- preventive (they protect plants from harmful fungi);

medicinal (diseased plants are treated).

Leaves affected by the fungus

Depending on the active ingredients, the composition includes organic and inorganic fungicides.

Inorganic fungicides contain salts of sulfur, copper, iron, potassium, manganese and other substances.

Organic fungicides are made from organic substances. They have a number of advantages: such preparations do not contain heavy metals and other harmful chemicals, are easily decomposed by soil inhabitants and are well combined with other pesticides. But there are organic fungicides and negative sides- they are not resistant and are washed out of the soil very quickly. Also, they are not very effective and sometimes they are not enough to cure a diseased plant. On the contrary, their inorganic "brothers" act for quite a long time, are characterized by fast action and efficiency.

Fungicidal preparations are used for various purposes. They can directly process the plants themselves (during the growing season or dormancy), treat the seeds before planting for prevention, and you can also cultivate the soil. But there are also combined preparations that are suitable for complex processing: seeds, adult plants, as well as soil.

Different fungicides have different localization on the plant. Those fungicides that remain on the surface and act in direct contact with the fungus are called contact, or local. But the effect of such fungicides depends on the amount of the drug, on chemical resistance, and also on the weather, because the drug is easily washed off from the surface of plants by rain.

Another group of fungicides are systemic (or intraplant), they spread inside the plant, destroying pathogenic fungi from the inside. These fungicides are no longer dependent on the weather, their effectiveness is determined only by how quickly the drug penetrates the plant.

Mode of application

Fungicides can be applied in three different ways.

The first is seed dressing before planting. This is done either with a dry powder or with a solution of a fungicide in water.

The second way is spraying adult plants. In this case, the treatment is carried out with a fungicide solution, usually done in spring and autumn (as a preventive measure), and also when the plant is infected with a fungus and needs to be cured.

You can also apply a dry preparation or its solution directly to the soil before planting. Such treatment will destroy fungi that may be in the ground and prevent infection of plants.

All fungicides must be used strictly according to the instructions so as not to harm the plant. You also need to remember that many fungicides are classified as substances of medium danger. But you should not worry if you handle fungicides correctly, they can only harm fungi.

That is why it is very important to observe safety precautions when working with fungicides: protect your hands with gloves, wear protective clothing, wash your hands thoroughly after work. Also be sure to isolate children and pets from the premises.

List of drugs

Abiga Peak

This is a chemical preparation from the group of contact fungicides. It is based on copper chloride. This element, being released, directly affects the vital activity of the fungus, slowing down the processes of its growth and respiration. Also, copper prevents important proteins from being synthesized, which also kills the fungus.

Acrobat MC

This is a drug with a systemic-contact type of exposure.

Its active ingredients are the chemicals dimethomorph and mancozeb. It is produced in the form of granules that dissolve in water.

Gardeners use it to combat late blight, Alternaria and other diseases.

This natural preparation, which includes strains of bacteria Bacillus subtilis.

It can be found commercially in tablet or powder form.

Alirin-B is used to treat diseases such as late blight, powdery mildew, scab, gray rot and many others. This fungicide acts on the vital processes of the fungus, suppressing them. Side positive effects also include an increase in the amount of ascorbic acid and a decrease in the amount of nitrates in the crop.

It can be used to treat plants or as a prophylactic to protect plants from pathogenic fungi.

Byleton

Chemical fungicide, the active substance of which is triadimefon. Available in powder form. Differs in system action.

It will help to cope with fungal diseases such as powdery mildew, fukarium, rust, septoria and many others. Triadimefon as part of this fungicide inhibits the growth of the fungus, and also disrupts the synthesis of compounds necessary for the fungus. Thus, this drug helps to fight diseases.

Bordeaux mixture

It is a broad spectrum fungicide designed to protect a wide variety of crops from fungal infections. It is quite effective, while it is safe for plants. The solution is prepared quite simply, it is retained on the plants for a long time, while not losing its potency.

Available in the form of a water-soluble powder.

Vitaros

This is a preparation of contact-systemic action, intended for seed treatment before planting.

Available as a solution in ampoules. The main active substance is thiram + carboxin.

Works for a long time. The composition of the drug includes a dye, which facilitates the processing process.

Gamair

This biological fungicide is based on colonies of Bacillus subtilis bacteria. It is used to exterminate fungi both on plants and in the ground. By action, it is an analogue of another fungicide - "Fitosporin".

On sale "Gamair" exists in the form of tablets and powder.

This fungicide is used both for the successful fight against pathogenic fungi and bacteria, and for the prevention of diseases in garden and indoor crops.

Gliocladin

This fungicidal drug is an analogue of another - trichodermin. This drug is made on the basis of a culture of the fungus Trichoderma harzianum, as well as bacteria that have a positive effect on the soil. "Gliocladin" fights fungi in the soil, preventing infection of the plant. The fungus culture in this fungicide multiplies in the soil, thereby inhibiting the growth of pathogenic fungi and bacteria. The mushroom culture itself is harmless to plants, it is destructive only for pathogenic organisms.

This drug can be found on sale in tablets, as well as in the form of suspensions.

The positive properties of this drug can also be attributed to the fact that it is safe, able to restore the soil, and is also highly effective. "Gliocladin" is able to clean the soil of harmful chemicals after the application of pesticides.

Green soap

It is a natural fungicide based on vegetable oils and animal fats, as well as potassium salts of fatty acids. Although it is called "Green Soap", this drug is not soap, but only consists of the same components as real soap.

This drug is used by gardeners to prevent the appearance of fungi and harmful insects on plants. After processing, it covers the leaves and branches of the plant, like a film, preventing pests and fungi from multiplying on it.

On the basis of "Green Soap" at home, various solutions for treating plants are made.

Green soap should be used only for spraying plants, it is not recommended to apply it to the soil.

Kurzat

The effectiveness of the action is provided by the main substances - copper oxychloride and cymoxanil.

Copper oxychloride works from the inside, covering the plant with a protective layer, preventing infection by fungi and pests. And cymoxanil, on the contrary, acts from the inside of the plant, quickly spreading through the plant and destroying the fungus.

Together, these two components provide effective treatment and plant protection. The drug inhibits the reproduction of the fungus, disrupts its vital activity, and also has an antibacterial effect.

"Kurzat" is mainly used to combat late blight and powdery mildew.

Sold as a water-soluble powder.

Maksim

This drug is from the group of contact fungicides. Gardeners use it to treat bulbs and tubers before planting, and it also helps keep bulbs from rotting in storage.

The active substance of this fungicide - fludioxonil - is very similar in composition to antibiotics. It kills pathogenic fungi and soil microorganisms, while not affecting the beneficial soil microflora.

Protects crops from scab, various rot, black leg and other diseases.

Oksikhom

Fungicide of contact-systemic action. Sold in powder form, used for spraying plants. Made on the basis of copper oxychloride and oxadixyl. It is used to successfully combat late blight, macrosporiosis, peronosporiasis on plants both in the garden and in the apartment.

It has a very fast action, the effect is visible after a couple of hours. That is why it is recommended to use it for the treatment of advanced cases of fungal diseases.

It is important to remember that "Oxyx" is not combined with other fungicidal preparations. It is a toxic drug, so the treatment of plants should be carried out at least 20 days before harvest.

Ordan

A complex drug that has both systemic and contact effects. It is based on copper oxychloride and cymoxanil. Due to the combination of these components, "Ordan" performs several tasks at once: copper oxychloride is responsible for the eradication of the fungus, and also has a bactericidal effect; cymoxanil treats the plant and also protects them from reinfection.

One of distinctive features of this remedy is that it is not addictive in fungi. Pathogenic organisms cannot adapt to this drug, which is why it is always effective.

Previcour

The spectrum of action of "Previkur" is quite large. It helps to cope with peronosporiosis, various types root rot, and other fungal diseases. Its main difference from other fungicides is its ability to act as a plant growth stimulator. It acts on the immune system of plants, protects against subsequent infections. It is used for both garden crops and indoor flowers.

Profit Gold

Fungicide with a systemic mechanism of action. Two active ingredients at its core, cymoxanil and famoxadone provide effective treatment for various fungal infections. Cymoxanil penetrates inside the plant and acts on the fungus from the inside, blocking its development. And the second component is responsible for the impact on the fungus from the outside. Famoxadone kills the fungus and its spores and forms a thin film over the plant. It is this systemic action that helps to quickly and effectively overcome the fungus on plants, even in difficult cases. The action of the drug is long.

Gardeners use "Profit Gold" to combat late blight, powdery mildew, anthracnose and other fungal diseases. Also, this fungicide is used to treat and protect indoor flowers.

Rayok

This drug is similar in action to the drug "Skor". "Rayok" is absorbed by plants, so it facilitates the fight against diseases. Also, the advantages of this drug include the fact that it begins to act very quickly, literally in a few hours. It is also rain resistant.

The basis of this fungicide is difenoconazole. This substance directly affects the synthesis of the genetic material of the fungus and disrupts it. Because of this, the fungus gradually dies.

Heals garden trees and other plants from scab, Alternaria and powdery mildew.

It is sold as an emulsion.

Fairly effective contact fungicide. Two active ingredients, mefenoxam and mancozeb, effectively fight the fungus, protecting the plant both from the outside and from the inside.

Mefenoxam penetrates the plant tissue, reaches the lesion and destroys the fungus. To help him comes mancozeb, which acts outside the plant, enhancing the effect of the first active substance. Together they quickly help get rid of the disease.

This fungicide is effective in combating late blight, peronosporosis, and also copes well with downy mildew. Decomposes quickly in the soil without harming beneficial organisms.

This drug is produced in granules, they are dissolved in water and a solution for spraying plants is obtained.

Rovral

It is a contact fungicide intended for the local treatment of fungal diseases. The affected areas are lubricated with a solution of the drug. They can also be used to water the ground before planting.

Mechanism of action: the active substance iprodione stops the reproduction and germination of spores, and also negatively affects the development of the fungus.

This fungicide is effective against verticillosis, fucariosis, late blight, powdery mildew in various garden and horticultural crops.

"Rovral" can be used in small doses for preventive treatment of plants. It is also recommended to treat seeds before long-term storage.

Available in powder form.

Speed

"Skor" is used for the treatment and prevention of scab, powdery mildew, various kinds of spotting, moniliosis, coccomycosis.

Plants in all phases of development can be treated with this fungicide.

The big advantage of this drug is its speed.

It is commercially available in the form of an emulsion.

Topsin-M

The active ingredient of this fungicide is thiophanate-methyl. Spreading throughout the plant, this component stops the growth of the fungus, and also blocks the processes of sporulation.

Penetration into the plant occurs through the root system.

In addition to fungi, it also destroys insect pests (for example, aphids), as it also has an insecticidal effect.

To positive aspects this drug also includes: speed of action; the ability to use this drug for both treatment and prevention of fungal diseases; profitability; safety for people and plants.

This drug will work better and faster if it has already been used previously as a prophylactic.

Available in the form of an emulsion, as well as a water-soluble powder.

Trichodermin

It is a biological fungicide made on the basis of natural ingredients. It has become an excellent alternative to chemical pesticides.

The basis of this drug is a strain of saprophytic fungi Trichoderma lignorium. This fungus, when it hits the substrate, begins to actively grow and multiply. In the course of its life, it releases special substances - natural antibiotics. These substances negatively affect the harmful fungus, leading to its death.

Other positive qualities of the drug can also be attributed to the fact that it is completely safe for people and animals, does not accumulate in fruits, and is also able to increase the yield. In addition to fighting fungi, it has a beneficial effect on the soil, and also accelerates plant growth.

The effect of the drug is quite long - it lasts about a month.

"Trichodermin" is effective against more than fifty different pathogens of fungal diseases.

Available in powder and suspension form.

Fitosporin-M

This natural fungicide is based on the bacteria Bacillus subtilis. The antibiotics secreted by these bacteria have a detrimental effect on pathogenic fungi that have infected your plants.

Effective against many diseases of a fungal nature, including black rot, rust, root rot, late blight and many others.

It is practically non-toxic, which allows it to be used for the treatment of indoor flowers. Its additional action is to stimulate plant growth.

Available in three forms - powder, paste, solution.

Hom

This fungicide is produced on the basis of copper oxychloride.

It can act as an analogue of the Bordeaux mixture. But the main difference from it (unfortunately, negative) is that “Khom” is very easily washed off with water from plants, so it does not differ in durability.

It is used to combat late blight, peronosporosis, spotting.

The mechanism of action of the drug: after the treatment of the plant, the drug, falling on the foci of infection with the fungus, penetrates into their cells. There, the fungicide acts on the synthesis of substances important for the fungus, and this causes the death of the fungus.

This fungicide is not addictive in pathogenic organisms, so it is always effective in combating them.

Horus

"Horus" is a fungicide with a systemic type of action. It is based on cyprodinil.

It is intended for spraying crops; after treatment, it forms a thin layer on plants that protects them from infection.

It is used for the treatment and prevention of diseases such as scab, coccomycosis, moniliosis, leaf curl and some others.

The advantages of the drug can also be attributed to the fact that it is active at low temperatures, non-phytotoxic, economical, easy to use.

Here is list of most fungicides used to treat and protect plants from fungal diseases. After reading it, you will have an idea of ​​​​what fungicides are, how they can help your plant, and which fungicide is best to choose to save your plants.