Heating system in an apartment building. We study autonomous heating in an apartment building

Heating system in an apartment building. We study autonomous heating in an apartment building - advantages and disadvantages

21.06.2019 Heating systems

Most heating systems multi-storey buildings in our country, as a rule, they are connected to a thermal power plant or a central boiler house, that is, they are centralized. Depending on how the water circuits are installed in apartment building, it can be either single-pipe or double-pipe.

Let's take a closer look at what heating systems exist for multi-storey buildings, and what their advantages and disadvantages are.

Centralized heating systems

First of all, it is worth mentioning the local or autonomous heating system. The advantage of this system is that it operates from a boiler room located inside the apartment building itself or next to it. This allows you to independently regulate the temperature of the coolant.

The disadvantages of autonomy include its high price, due to which it is extremely rarely used in multi-storey buildings (mainly, this system is chosen by owners of private houses).

Much more often they build a thermal power plant or set up one powerful boiler house to heat an entire residential area. In this case, the coolant main pipes comes from the center to heating points, and from there to apartments. This supply principle is called independent, since it allows you to additionally regulate the supply of coolant using circulation pumps.

In a residential apartment building, the coolant is supplied to the apartment radiators directly from the thermal power plant or boiler house. However, there is no significant difference between these two systems, since heating points here perform a function comparable to that performed by additional circulation pumps in an autonomous heating system, and do not affect the temperature of the coolant itself.

Also, the heating systems of an apartment building are divided into closed and open (you can view the design options on the Internet).

IN closed system The coolant from the thermal power plant or boiler room enters the distribution point, from where it is separately supplied to the hot water supply and to.

IN open system such distribution is not provided for, that is, it does not allow providing for the residents of the house hot water outside the heating season.

Types of connections

As mentioned above, according to the type of connection, apartment building systems can be single-pipe or double-pipe.

An apartment building has a huge number of disadvantages, the most significant of which is considered to be large heat loss along the route. In such a heating system for an apartment building, the design of which is simple, the coolant is supplied from the bottom up. Getting into apartment radiators on the lower floors and giving off heat, the water returns to the same pipe and, having cooled down considerably, continues its way upstairs. Hence the frequent complaints from residents of upper floors that the radiators in their apartments do not warm up well.

The two-pipe heating system in the apartment (the diagram can be viewed on the Internet) received greatest distribution in construction. Basic distinctive feature Such a system is the presence of two highways: supply and return.

One pipe (supply) transports the coolant from the heating boiler to heating devices. The second line (return) is necessary to remove already cooled water and return it back to the boiler room.

The main advantage of a two-pipe heating system in an apartment building is that the coolant is supplied to all heating devices evenly at the same temperature, regardless of whether the apartment is located on the first floor or on the sixteenth.

It is also important that the presence of two pipes greatly simplifies the process of flushing the heating systems of an apartment building.

There are two ways to arrange pipes combined into a single heating network: horizontal and vertical.

A horizontal heating network, which implies constant circulation of the coolant, is usually installed in low-rise buildings over a long distance (for example, in production workshops or warehouses), as well as in panel-frame houses.

Vertical two-pipe system Heating of an apartment building is used in multi-storey buildings, where each floor is connected separately. The undeniable advantage of such a network is that there are practically no air jams in it.

Two-pipe heating network and types of wiring

Both pipe layouts (vertical and horizontal) allow the use of two types of wiring - bottom and top. At the same time, in heating systems multi-storey buildings, where the pipes are located along vertical diagram, bottom wiring is usually used.

What is the difference between the lower wiring and the upper wiring?

When installing the lower distribution, the supply line is laid in ground floor or basement, and the return line (the so-called “return”) is even lower.

To remove excess air when using bottom wiring, an upper device is required. overhead line. To ensure uniform distribution of coolant throughout the system, it is recommended to place the boiler as low as possible relative to the heating radiators.

Upper wiring is most often done in the attic, which must be well insulated. With this method of wiring in highest point heating system is installed expansion tank. The main advantage top wiring is high pressure in supply lines.

Heating system design

Elevator unit

The heating system of residential buildings begins with inlet valves that cut off the house from the route. It is according to their closest external wall The flange passes through the division of the areas of responsibility of housing and heating workers.

Hot water taps on the supply and return pipelines. The implementation may be different: each pipeline may have one or two tie-ins; in the second case, a flange with a retaining washer is mounted between the taps, creating a pressure difference to ensure continuous circulation. This is necessary so that the water in the DHW risers is hot around the clock, and the heated towel rails powered by hot heating remain hot.

Useful: in winter, when the supply temperature is below 90C, the DHW in this case is connected between the connections on the supply, and above - on the return. In summer, the circulation mode of the hot water supply system is from supply to return.

Actually providing heating multi-storey building. In it, hotter water from the supply, due to greater pressure, is supplied through a nozzle into the socket and, through a suction, draws part of the water from the return pipeline into a repeated circulation cycle through the heating circuit. It is the diameter of the nozzle that regulates the heating in an apartment building - it determines the real difference inside the heating system and the temperature of the mixture, and therefore the heating devices.
House valves allow you to cut off the heating circuit. They are open in winter and closed in summer.
After them they are mounted discharges- valve for draining or bypassing the system. In some cases, the heating system of a residential building is connected through a valve to the cold water supply system - solely to ensure that the radiators can be filled with cold water for the summer.

Spills and risers

The word “bottling” among professionals refers to both the direction of water circulation and the thick pipe through which water flows to the risers.

Typical heating of a 5-story building is made with bottom bottling. The supply and return pipes are routed along the outer contour of the house in the basement. Each pair of risers is a jumper between them. The risers are connected to each other upstairs - in an apartment on the top floor or in the attic.

A couple of nuances:

Jumpers placed in the attic are pure evil. It is almost impossible to ensure ideal thermal insulation of the attic and maintain a constant positive temperature in it. Any stop of heating means that after half an hour there is ice in the jumpers instead of water.
An air vent is mounted at the top point of the jumper. In typical Soviet-built houses, it is a simple and extremely fail-safe design - the Mayevsky tap.

Bottom filling is associated with a problematic start of circulation after each discharge: the jumpers become air-filled, and for normal operation of all risers it is necessary to bleed air from each jumper. It can be problematic for locksmiths to get into all apartments, to put it mildly.

Two options for implementing bottom filling. In the first case, one of the paired risers is single; in the second heating devices mounted on both.

The heating system in a nine-story Soviet-built building is often somewhat different: the supply bottling is located in the attic. Mounted there expansion tank with vent valve; there is also one of a pair of valves that cuts off each riser.

After stopping and resetting the heating, problems with defrosting are extremely rare:

When the bottling is laid at the correct slope and the vent is open, ALL water from the bottling and the top of the risers is discharged in a matter of seconds.
Despite thermal insulation, bottling losses are large enough to warm up the attic even with minimal thermal insulation of the room.
Finally, bottling is a pipe with a diameter of at least 40-50 millimeters with great thermal inertia, which, even with water without circulation, will not freeze in five minutes.

U top filling There are a number of other features:

The temperature of the radiators decreases linearly from floor to floor, which is usually compensated by their large size. It is clear that below, already cooled coolant enters the heating devices; Therefore, heating of the first floor is usually carried out with the maximum number of radiator sections or total area convectors.

In addition: the temperature in the basement is usually lower than in apartments. Losses through the ceiling on the outer floors are usually much greater.

Starting the heating is very simple: the system is filled; both house valves open; then on a short time the vent on the expansion tank opens - and ALL risers are involved in circulation.
Removing a separate riser, on the other hand, is more difficult and involves a lot of movement. You first need to find and turn off the required riser in the attic, then find and shut off the second valve in the basement, and only then unscrew the plug or open the vent.

Heating devices

In Soviet-built houses, two types of heating devices are typical:

. Huge mass and heat output of 140-160 watts per section, not very aesthetic appearance and constant leaks of paronite gaskets between sections Lately made them unpopular in city apartments.
In the 80-90s central heating often installed in an apartment building steel convectors. The heating device is a turn or several turns of a solid DN20 pipe (3/4 inch) with pressed cross plates to increase heat transfer.

In the same 90s, they were massively replaced with radiators due to the very optimistic heat transfer calculated by the builders: due to lack of funding, the temperature schedule was rarely maintained, and it was very cold in the apartments.

Nowadays heating of residential buildings with central heating is usually carried out bimetallic radiators, which consists of a core with channels for the movement of water made of corrosion-resistant steel and an aluminum shell with developed fins. The price of the section is quite high - 500-700 rubles; however, this type of heating device combines extreme mechanical strength with excellent heat dissipation (up to 200 watts per section).

When installing heating devices with your own hands, it is worth considering one important point: if any throttling fittings (throttle, valve, thermostatic head) are placed in front of the radiator, then in front of them, closer to the riser, there must be a jumper.

What is this instruction related to? With the fact that in the absence of a jumper, your throttle will regulate the flow rate not of your radiator, but of the entire riser. Your neighbors will be happy...

Temperature

There are a number of restrictions and regulations related to temperatures inside a living space.

SNiP contains the following temperature standards: living rooms- 20C, corner - 22C, kitchen - 18C, bathroom and combined toilet - 25C. It is better to focus on them if you are planning to switch to autonomous heating.
Not in any engineering communications inside a residential building the temperature should not exceed 95 degrees. For preschool educational institutions, the norm is even lower - 37 degrees. This is why in kindergarten groups you can see batteries of such a terrible size.

However: in the heating main at the same time there may be 140C at the supply.

How to cut heating

How to refuse heating in an apartment building?

Documentation

We will only partially touch on the documentary part. The problem is quite painful; permission to disconnect from the central heating center is given by organizations extremely reluctantly, and often it has to be obtained through the courts. It is quite possible that in your case it would be much more useful not to read a technical article, but to consult someone knowledgeable in Housing Code lawyer.

The main steps are:

Let's find out if it is technically possible to turn it off. It is at this stage that most of the friction will occur: neither housing and communal services nor heat suppliers like to lose payers.
Getting ready technical specifications for an autonomous heating system. You need to calculate the approximate gas consumption (if you use it for heating) and show that you are able to ensure that it is safe for the building’s structures. temperature regime in the apartment.
The fire inspection act is signed.
If you plan to install a boiler with a closed burner and exhaust of combustion products to the facade of the building, you will need a permit signed by the Sanitary and Epidemiological Supervision Authority.
A licensed installation organization is hired to draw up the project. You will need a full package of documents - from instructions for the boiler to a copy of the installers’ license.
After installation is completed, a gas service representative is invited to connect the boiler and start it up for the first time.
The last stage: you put the boiler on permanent service maintenance and notify about the transition to individual heating gas supplier organization.

Technical side

Refusal of heating in an apartment building is due to the fact that you need to dismantle all heating devices without disrupting the operation of the heating system. How it's done?

In houses with bottom filling, it is worth considering two cases separately:

If you live on top floor, you obtain the consent of the lower neighbors and move the jumper between the paired risers to their apartment. Thus, you completely isolate yourself from the CO. Of course, you will have to pay for welding work, installation of the air vent, and redecorating neighbors' ceilings.
On the middle floor, only heating appliances are dismantled, with welding and cutting off the hoses. A jumper of the same diameter as the rest of the pipe cuts into the riser. Then the riser along its entire length is carefully insulated.

Please note: refusal of central heating does not deprive you of the obligation to provide housing and communal services with access to the riser passing through your apartment upon first request.

If you live on the top floor of a house with a bottom bottling and below you non-residential premises- it's simple. In the photo the risers have already been cut off. All that remains is to install the jumper with the air vent.

Conclusion

You will find additional information about how the heating systems of residential buildings are arranged in the video attached to the article. Warm winters!

Owning an apartment in the city is a luxury item. It is also comfort and coziness for its owners, since city apartment is the most common place to live for modern city dwellers. It is worth noting that an important role in creating a comfortable environment in such an apartment is good system heating The heating scheme of a multi-storey building is very important detail for any person.

IN modern life This scheme has many design differences from usual ways heating. Therefore, heating schemes three-story house and more guarantee effective heating of the walls even in the most unpredictable weather.

Features of heating an apartment in a multi-storey building

By carefully reading the instructions for the heating scheme of a multi-storey building, you can make sure that all norms and requirements must be observed.

Any apartment must have adequate heating, raising the air temperature to 22 degrees and maintaining indoor humidity within 40%.

The layout of the heating system of an apartment building provides for its proper installation, thanks to which it is possible to achieve such temperatures and humidity.

In the process of designing such a heating scheme, you should invite highly qualified specialists who will be able to accurately calculate all the necessary aspects for the work. They must ensure that uniform coolant pressure is maintained in the pipes. This pressure should be the same on both the first and last floors.

Main Feature modern system heating a multi-storey building manifests itself in working on superheated water. This coolant comes from the thermal power plant and has a very high temperature - 150C with a pressure of up to 10 atmospheres. Steam is formed in the pipes due to the fact that the pressure in them increases greatly, which also contributes to the transfer of heated water to last houses high-rise buildings. Also heating circuit panel house assumes a considerable return temperature of 70C. During the warm and cold seasons, the water temperature can vary greatly, so exact values will depend solely on the characteristics of the environment.

As is known, the temperature of the coolant in pipes that are installed in multi-storey building, reaches 130C. But the batteries are so hot modern apartments simply does not exist, and all because there is a supply line through which heated water passes, and the line is connected to the return line using a special jumper called an “elevator unit”.

The heating system of a multi-storey building, which is the most efficient, in any case should include the presence of an elevator unit.

This scheme has many features, since such a node is designed to perform certain functions. The high-temperature coolant must enter the elevator unit, which performs the main function of heat exchange. The water reaches high temperature and with the help high pressure passes through the elevator to inject coolant from the return. In parallel, water from the pipeline is also supplied to recirculation, which occurs in the heating system.

This type of 5-storey building is the most efficient, therefore it is actively installed in modern multi-storey buildings.

This is what heating looks like in an apartment building, the scheme of which provides for the presence of an elevator unit. On it you can see many valves, which play an important role in heating and uniform heat supply.

As a rule, such valves can be adjusted manually without any problems. But valve adjustment, as a rule, is carried out only by highly qualified specialists who work in government services.

When installing heating in an apartment building, the scheme should also provide for the presence of such valves at all possible points so that in the event of an accident the flow can be blocked hot water or reduce the pressure. This is also facilitated by different collectors and other equipment that operates in automatic mode. Therefore, this technique provides greater heating performance and efficiency of its supply to the top floors.

A large number of multi-storey buildings have single-pipe heating systems, which require bottom wiring. It is worth noting that the design of the high-rise building itself and many other aspects that may affect the heating scheme are also taken into account.

Depending on these aspects, the coolant can be supplied either from top to bottom or from bottom to top. Some houses have special risers that act as a supplier of hot water up and cold water down. Therefore, in many apartments they install cast iron batteries, which are very resistant to temperature changes.

When designing professional heating systems, it is necessary to take into account all factors - both external and internal. This is especially true for heat supply schemes for multi-apartment buildings. What is special about the heating system of a multi-storey building: pressure, diagrams, pipes. First you need to understand the specifics of its arrangement.

Features of heat supply of multi-storey buildings

Autonomous heating of a multi-storey building must perform one function - timely delivery of coolant to each consumer while maintaining its technical qualities (temperature and pressure). To do this, the building must have a single distribution unit with the ability to regulate. IN autonomous systems it is combined with water heating devices - boilers.

The characteristic features of the heating system of a multi-storey building lie in its organization. It must consist of the following mandatory components:

Distribution node. With its help, hot water is supplied through the mains;
Pipelines. They are designed to transport coolant to individual rooms and areas of the house. Depending on the method of organization, there is a single-pipe or two-pipe heating system for a multi-story building;
Control and control equipment. Its function is to change the characteristics of the coolant depending on external and internal factors, as well as its qualitative and quantitative accounting.

In practice, the heating scheme of a residential multi-storey building consists of several documents, which, in addition to drawings, include a calculation part. It is compiled by special design bureaus and must comply with current regulatory requirements.

The heating system is an integral part of a multi-storey building. Its quality is checked upon delivery of the facility or during scheduled inspections. Responsibility for this lies with the management company.

Piping in a multi-storey building

For normal operation of a building's heat supply, it is necessary to know its basic parameters. What pressure in the heating system of a multi-storey building, as well as the temperature regime, will be optimal? According to the standards, these characteristics must have the following values:

Pressure. For buildings up to 5 floors - 2-4 atm. If there are nine floors - 5-7 atm. The difference lies in the pressure of hot water to transport it to the upper levels of the house;
Temperature. It can vary from +18°C to +22°C. This applies to residential premises only. On staircase landings and in non-residential rooms, a decrease to +15°C is allowed.

Having determined the optimal parameter values, you can begin to select the heating layout in a multi-story building.

It largely depends on the number of floors of the building, its area and the power of the entire system. The degree of thermal insulation of the house is also taken into account.

The pressure difference in the pipes on the 1st and 9th floors can be up to 10% of the standard value. This is a normal situation for a multi-story building.

Single-pipe heating distribution

This is one of economical options organizing heat supply in a building with a relatively large area. For the first time, a single-pipe heating system for a multi-story building began to be used on a large scale for “Khrushchev” buildings. The principle of its operation is that there are several distribution risers to which consumers are connected.

The coolant is supplied through one pipe circuit. The absence of a return line greatly simplifies the installation of the system, while reducing the cost. However, at the same time Leningrad system heating a multi-storey building has a number of disadvantages:

Uneven heating of the room depending on the distance from the point of hot water intake (boiler or collector unit). Those. There may be options when a consumer connected earlier in the circuit will have hotter batteries than those next in the chain;
Problems with adjusting the degree of heating of radiators. To do this, you need to make a bypass on each radiator;
Difficult balancing single pipe system heating a multi-storey building. This is done using thermostats and shut-off valves. In this case, system failure is possible even with a slight change in input parameters - temperature or pressure.

Currently, installing a single-pipe heating system in a new multi-story building is extremely rare. This is due to the difficulty individual accounting coolant in a separate apartment. Yes, in residential buildings Khrushchev project the number of distribution risers in one apartment can reach up to 5. Those. It is necessary to install an energy consumption meter on each of them.

A correctly drawn up estimate for heating a multi-storey building with a single-pipe system should include not only the costs of Maintenance, but also modernization of pipelines - replacement of individual components with more efficient ones.

Two-pipe heating distribution

To increase operating efficiency, it is best to install a two-pipe heating system in a multi-story building. It also consists of distribution risers, but after the coolant passes through the radiator, it enters the return pipe.

Its main difference is the presence of a second circuit that acts as a return line. It is necessary for collecting cooled water and transporting it to the boiler or to a heating station for further heating. During design and operation, it is necessary to take into account a number of features of the heating system of a multi-storey building of this type:

Possibility of adjusting the temperature level in separate apartments and throughout the highway as a whole. To do this, it is necessary to install mixing units;
To carry out repairs or maintenance work, you do not need to turn off the entire system, as in the Leningrad heating scheme for a multi-storey building. It is enough to use shut-off valves to shut off the flow into a separate heating circuit;
Low inertia. Even with a well-balanced single-pipe heating system in a multi-storey building, the consumer needs to wait 20-30 seconds for the hot water to reach the radiators through the pipelines.

What is the optimal pressure in the heating system of a multi-storey building? It all depends on its number of floors. It should ensure that the coolant rises to the required height. In some cases, it is more efficient to install intermediate pumping stations to reduce the load on the entire system. In this case, the optimal pressure value should be from 3 to 5 atm.

Before purchasing radiators, you need to find out its characteristics from the heating scheme of a multi-storey residential building - pressure and temperature conditions. Based on this data, batteries are selected.

Heat supply of a multi-storey building

Heating distribution in a multi-storey building has important for system operating parameters. However, in addition to this, the characteristics of the heat supply should be taken into account. An important one is the method of supplying hot water - centralized or autonomous.

In most cases, a connection is made to the central heating system. This allows you to reduce the current costs in the estimate for heating a multi-storey building. But in practice the level of quality of such services remains extremely low. Therefore, if there is a choice, preference is given to autonomous heating of a multi-storey building.

Autonomous heating of a multi-storey building

In modern multi-storey residential buildings it is possible to organize independent system heat supply. It can be of two types - apartment-based or communal. In the first case, the autonomous heating system of a multi-storey building is carried out in each apartment separately. To do this, make independent piping and install a boiler (most often a gas one). A common house installation involves the installation of a boiler room, which has special requirements.

The principle of its organization is no different from a similar scheme for private country house. However, there are a number important points that need to be taken into account:

Installation of several heating boilers. One or more of them must perform a duplicate function. If one boiler fails, another must replace it;
Installation of a two-pipe heating system of a multi-storey building, as the most efficient;
Drawing up a schedule for scheduled repairs and maintenance work. This is especially true for heating heating equipment and safety groups.

Considering the features heating circuit specific multi-storey building needs to be organized apartment system heat metering. To do this, for each incoming pipe from central riser Energy meters need to be installed. That is why the Leningrad heating system of a multi-storey building is not suitable for reducing operating costs.

Centralized heating of a multi-storey building

How can the heating distribution in an apartment building change when it is connected to a central heating supply? The main element of this system is the elevator unit, which performs the functions of normalizing coolant parameters to acceptable values.

The total length of the central heating mains is quite large. Therefore, at the heating point, such coolant parameters are created so that heat losses are minimal. To do this, the pressure is increased to 20 atm, which leads to an increase in the temperature of hot water to +120°C. However, given the characteristics of the heating system in an apartment building, supplying hot water with such characteristics to consumers is not permitted. To normalize the parameters of the coolant, an elevator unit is installed.

It can be calculated for both a two-pipe and a single-pipe heating system in a multi-storey building. Its main functions are:

Reducing pressure using an elevator. A special cone valve regulates the volume of coolant flow into the distribution system;
Reducing the temperature level to +90-85°C. A mixing unit for hot and cooled water is designed for this purpose;
Filtration of coolant and reduction of oxygen content.

In addition, the elevator unit performs the main balancing of the single-pipe heating system in the house. For this purpose, it is equipped with shut-off and control valves, which automatically or semi-automatically regulate pressure and temperature.

It should also be taken into account that the estimate for central heating a multi-storey building will differ from an autonomous one. The table shows comparative characteristics these systems.

Panel radiator

There are constant conversations about energy resources becoming more expensive. Therefore, it is necessary to urgently consider issues related to energy conservation. This also applies to heating systems, the use of which entails significant energy costs. If we talk about the heating system of any apartment building, then the cost and energy savings here will largely depend on the method of supplying thermal energy to the apartments. There are two such methods - centrally and in the form of autonomous heating of an apartment building.

Advantages and disadvantages

Advantages

Let's take a closer look at the second option and determine its positive and negative sides. First, let's figure out what an autonomous heating point is. This separate room, where located boiler equipment, the power of which is sufficient to provide heat and hot water to the entire apartment building. This is a kind of mini-boiler room with a full set of necessary instruments, fixtures and systems. Modern technologies providing heat to residential buildings began to be used in autonomous systems. The latter worked for one or several houses, which was doubly profitable. Why?

Firstly, the distance from the heat generator to the heating devices in each apartment has been significantly reduced. This means that heat loss has decreased due to the transportation of coolant.
Secondly, the time for supplying heat to the consumer has been reduced, which is again due to a decrease in distance.
Thirdly, the costs of maintaining heating networks, their repair and installation have changed less.
Fourth, economic indicators resulting from previous benefits have declined. This means that the cost of the supplied coolant has changed to a minimum.

Autonomous system diagram

There is one more advantage of the system. When a house is being built, the developer is required to obtain a large number of permits that will allow him to crash into the central highway. Bureaucratic delays sometimes take months. And the installation of a metering device will cause a lot of disputes between developers and the receiving party, that is, the operating company. So for builders the option is with, even for the most big house, ideal.

And the last advantage is that the boiler room for the microdistrict occupies a place where not only buildings and water tanks will be erected, but also an electrical substation, access roads, warehouses, office premises, administrative buildings, etc. That is, a fairly impressive area will have to be allocated for it. And if there is no longer a need for a boiler room, the district administration can use this area for its own needs. For example, build another residential building, school, clinic, etc.

Flaws

Gas boilers

There are disadvantages in any system, but they are usually fewer:

An autonomous boiler room must be located in a separate building, so it is necessary to allocate an area near the house for it. Sometimes such a building takes the form of an extension.
Mini-boiler houses pollute to a certain extent environment. Therefore, it is impossible to do without modern cleaning devices. And being located inside microdistricts obliges us to create conditions for environmentally friendly operating indicators. They exist and are stipulated by the norms and rules of SNiP. Hence the increase in the cost of the equipment itself.
The autonomous heating system is not yet as popular as the centralized one, so the production of equipment and related components has not yet been put into production. Hence the high cost of such systems. This means that not all developers can afford them.

Heating regulator

However, experts say that engineering developments today can eliminate some of the shortcomings. For example, if an autonomous boiler room is used to heat only one apartment building, its equipment can be placed in attic- the dimensions of the devices allow this to be done. In addition, the attic immediately becomes heated, which is undoubtedly a plus. In addition, the area between the houses is freed up. The only requirement for such options is the presence flat roof, which is not a problem. If you plan to install just such a heating system, you can include in the project flat roof. Experts have already carried out preliminary calculations, which showed that even if the cost of equipment and installation costs are high, all this will pay for itself in a few seasons.

Types of decentralized heat supply

Of course, building a separate boiler room, even a small one, is quite expensive. And the attic option is also not cheap. However, there is an alternative.

Modular boiler rooms

Block-modular boiler house

One of the very interesting projects- these are modular, or block, boiler rooms. There is no need to build anything, and only a small area is allocated for the boiler house. Blocks are brought here that are easily and quickly connected into finished design. All of them are completed at the factory, the equipment inside them is precisely selected according to technical parameters, they are insulated and have a presentable appearance. The most important thing is to correctly configure and connect the equipment. A couple of days and the boiler room is ready. But only specialists should assemble it. If anyone remembers, such modular boiler houses were used to heat cabins and barracks, that is, temporary structures. After engineers and designers worked on them, such stand-alone installations began to be used for organizing heating in apartment buildings. However, this option is not the only one.

Wall boilers

The most effective and economical today is apartment heating, where as heating device are used wall-mounted boilers. They run on either gas or electricity. Why wall-mounted?

Wall boiler

Firstly, they have small sizes, so they can be installed even in kitchens. At the same time, their appearance does not spoil the interior design at all.
Secondly, wall-mounted heating boilers are real mini-boiler rooms. Their design has circulation pump, expansion tank, as well as control and safety devices.
Thirdly, such heating installations can have a power of up to 35 kilowatts, which allows them to heat rooms up to 100 square meters.
Fourthly, modern manufacturers offer both single-circuit and double-circuit boilers for autonomous heating. So you will also be provided with hot water.

And now the important question is how to choose the right boiler? The main thing is to choose the right unit for design features. It should contain all the devices we mentioned without exception - pump, tank, etc. In addition, it is necessary to have a chimney, which will ensure not only the removal of fuel combustion products in the case of gas boilers, but also the flow of clean air from the outside. This means that the wall-mounted gas boiler must be with closed camera combustion. And the last thing is full automation, which will not only simplify the operation of the boiler, but will also save on fuel.

Attention! Modern wall-mounted heating boilers can also be used to connect a “warm floor” system to them. To do this, they have enough pressure, power, and coolant temperature.

Of course, with gas boilers There are more connection problems. But electric analogues are simpler in this regard. Here you only need to draw a branch from the distribution panel with the installation of the machine and connect to the water supply system.

What might cause difficulties?

Modern kitchen

It may seem that everything is very simple and profitable. Then why don’t tenants switch to this heating system? And no one gives them permission. Imagine that the residents of one house will immediately submit documents for the re-equipment of heating networks, or rather, to refuse the services of organizations that supply heat to their houses. This is, firstly, a disaster for such an organization and deprivation of its profits. And, secondly, job cuts, although this issue is controversial. Someone needs to maintain autonomous mini-boiler rooms. So, in many respects, any of these options is not profitable for management companies. Although on a national scale, it’s the other way around. But it’s not for you and me to decide this issue.

Conclusion on the topic

No matter what happens in the technical and financial sphere, no matter who prohibits the introduction of innovations that entail savings, it is still heating system gradually makes his way into life. Mini-boiler houses are appearing in new buildings in different cities, which are now being implemented as experimental ones. But a couple of years will pass and everything will fall into place. No one will want or pay more, so new technologies will gradually be introduced into life.