Peanut (peanut) - tasty and at the same time healthy food, in which there is a large complex of elements important for the body. This plant is quite unpretentious, but few people know how to grow peanuts and provide them with proper care.

Optimal landing time

Experienced agronomists are sure that the most suitable time to plant peanuts in open ground is May: at this time the soil has already warmed up enough and will not harm the seeds. However, you should still focus on the region of cultivation. If in your area there are even at the end of spring, it is better to postpone the planting to the beginning of summer.

Location selection

Before planting peanuts, you need to find a good place for it and create optimal conditions for it there.

When choosing a location, it is important to consider that photophilous plant, however, it also treats a small shading calmly. For planting, it is extremely important that it is freed from snow and dried out as soon as possible. Cold winds have a negative effect on productivity.

Did you know? Peanuts first came to us in 1792, they were brought from Turkey. Today this plant is grown on a large scale in China, India, Nigeria, Indonesia.

Lighting

Peanuts love light and warmth. Even the slightest shading will lead to the rapid growth of the plant, slowing down the development vegetative organs, as well as a reduction in the number of fruits. The need for heat persists throughout.

The soil

Since peanut fruits grow directly in, its quality and structure are of key importance. This plant needs neutral pH which is rich in calcium and magnesium. Perfect option- light and as loose as possible, which passes air and water well. In addition, there should be some sand in it. Before planting, the soil is necessarily enriched.

predecessors

For getting good harvest not the last place is occupied by plants that previously grew on this land. Peanuts will develop best after, and. But, on the contrary, they can lead to the development of rot on the roots, so it is better to refrain from planting peanuts in their place.

Site preparation before planting

Basic soil preparation is layer-by-layer stubble cultivation, which will allow you to remove as much as possible, and lifting the plough to a depth of 30 cm. The first work is carried out immediately after harvesting the predecessors, the depth of the first processing is 6 cm, the second is deeper: 11 cm.

In early spring, harrowing is carried out across or diagonally. early processing held during the appearance of annuals. Cultivation should be carried out only on dry land, it is recommended to do this 30 minutes before sowing.

The scheme and depth of sowing peanuts

Planting peanuts in open ground best done in a square-nest way. The most commonly used schema 60×60 cm, however, no one forbids planting in other ways, for example, wide-row, when the width between rows is 65 cm and the distance between plants is 20 cm.
To obtain good seedlings, only large seeds are used, which are planted to a depth of 7 cm. It is recommended to place at least three seeds in each well.

Complete landing plentiful. The pressure of the water should be weak so as not to wash out or expose the seeds. It is better to repeat the manipulations several times until puddles appear on the surface.

Care and agricultural cultivation

The main agricultural practices for the successful cultivation of peanuts are top dressing, hilling and loosening. Of course, do not forget about the protection of plants from and prevention and.

Watering, weeding and loosening

On average, the need for nutrients by development phases is as follows:

• seedlings before the appearance of three leaves - phosphorus;
• branching - and;
• the appearance of buds - nitrogen;
• flowering period - phosphorus;
• bean formation - nitrogen and potassium.

Hilling bushes

Throughout the growing season, peanuts are spud about five times. The correctness and frequency of execution are directly reflected in the yield. The first time such work is carried out on the tenth day after the completion of the flowering period, when the fruitful shoots descend into the ground.

Before creating a sufficiently high slide (6 cm), it is recommended to carefully water the earth. This will increase the number of tiers in which the future crop will be laid. Further hilling is carried out every 10 days.

Pest and disease control

To avoid damage by cercosporosis, you need to monitor and isolate new crops from last year's. If this does not help, it is recommended to treat the area with a 1% solution or available substitutes. So that the plants do not get sick with Fusarium wilt, you need to include crops in the crop rotation.

Peanuts can suffer from Alternaria, phyllosticosis and gray rot. Get rid of these problems with the help of processing resolved. Against and caterpillars suitable sprinkling of earth

Any the new kind plants require careful attention. And it doesn’t matter if you are a beginner gardener or an experienced one, you will definitely need additional information. How to plant peanuts in the garden, and what agricultural techniques must be followed? These questions are asked by a person when he wants to grow a delicious and very nutritious nut on his own.

O useful properties you definitely know everything, which is why you came to the decision to plant peanuts. The very first and exciting moment is how to plant peanuts in the garden, and what tools to use.

An important aspect is the soil on which your plant will develop. Since for the full development of the bush, and subsequently the fruits, a certain presence of trace elements is necessary. If they are absent in the soil, it will be necessary to replenish their presence with the help of microfertilizers.

Necessary methods of agricultural technology

Let's see if it is difficult to grow peanuts in the garden at all or not. To begin with, it is worth noting that peanuts are a heat-loving plant. For the full development of the bush and fruits, very warm weather is necessary. Therefore, planting in open ground is recommended only when the soil warms up to at least +15 degrees.

Let's say there are about 4 square meters in stock. On such an area, you can safely place about 45 bushes. If you are a beginner amateur agronomist, we do not recommend growing more. Since care, although not difficult, however, is time-consuming, but more on that later. Planting pattern 50x20, that is, up to half a meter between rows and twenty centimeters between plants. You should get 5 rows with a length of about two meters.

What you need to know without fail

Growing peanuts in your garden will take you several months. When landing in spring period, already in the second decade of September, you can harvest. Let's choose a site that is best suited for our plant. It is necessary to observe crop rotation.

Immediately ask what is it? So, each plant draws or saturates the earth with microelements during the growing season. That is why, predecessors should be considered. For example, for peanuts, the most best predecessors: potatoes, cucumbers or cabbage. In no case, should not be placed after legumes, as the plant will feel very bad. It will not be superfluous, previously in the autumn period, to make organic fertilizers.

We prepare the soil for planting. In the event that the earth has been cultivated or dug up since autumn, you just need to loosen it with a rake and level it. You can add additionally cleaned soil, however, today such soil costs a lot.

We hope you have figured out how to properly plant peanuts in the garden, or rather, where it is better to place them. Now it’s worth understanding which tool to use when sowing peanuts on personal plot because every plant has universal fixtures for placement in the soil. Let's say seedlings are planted with the help of small blades, but the holes for sowing are made with the help of a hoe (hoe). The optimal seeding depth is 6-8 cm. So, we make holes exactly at this depth.

What seeds to use

If the land has already been prepared, and all the inventory is available, now it’s worth taking care of quality planting material. In this matter, the taste and nutritional characteristics of the varietal composition will become an assistant. Before going to the seed store, check the availability of varieties, and which ones are released in your area.

Planting material must be prepared: peeled (that is, separate the nuts from the shell) and soaked for a day in a nutrient solution (a fertilizer that increases the germination of seeds). Peanut seeds for planting should be large, as they best display the genetic background, in the future this fact will affect the yield and quality of the finished product.

Earlier we talked about the fact that the plant is thermophilic. In this regard, it is necessary to wait until the air temperature, and, accordingly, the soil, stabilizes, and will be in the range from +15 to +20.

Depending on the regions, the time of planting peanuts is April-May. If you decide to plant seedlings, you need to take care of sowing seeds in pots, about a month before planting in open ground. It's not difficult at all. Manipulations are similar to landing indoor plants. We fill the pot with soil, make a small recess, and place the nut there. Do not forget that the preparation of peanuts for planting is the same as in open ground.

Final stage

We all planted our plants. Now it's time to take care of watering. Most effective method is drip irrigation. Due to the pressure that is created in the hoses, the moisture is evenly distributed over the bed and penetrates as deep as possible into the soil.

You can also water with just water, especially if there is no hose - there is nothing to worry about. The main thing to remember is that yellow flowers they love water very much, especially when there is a lot of it. Therefore, pouring the bushes will not work in any way.

The plant must be hilled during the growing season, as the fruits ripen only in the soil. This is the uniqueness of our nut. If you leave the bushes without hilling, the fruits will die. Spud and water on time, that's the whole cultivation technology. In autumn, you will be pleasantly surprised by your achievements, as the harvest promises to be good, fruitful and of high quality.

How to plant peanuts in the garden: Video

Peanut or peanut - a favorite delicacy of children and adults, tasty and healthy, it can be easily grown on a personal plot. Caring for peanuts during cultivation is similar to caring for potatoes.

Let's take a closer look: technology of growing and caring for peanuts, harvesting, pest and disease control.

Peanuts belong to the legume family and are native to South America. Today, peanuts are grown in regions with warm climate- this is the middle zone of Ukraine, Transcaucasia and others.

Ground peanut description

Peanut – annual plant, legume families up to 60 cm high. root system plants are up to 1 meter in diameter, which results in high resistance to drought.

Peanuts bloom with whitish or yellow-red flowers from the end of June. One flower blooms for only 1 day and then fades. The fruits are oval beans up to 6 cm long. When ripe, they sink into the ground and ripen there.

Types and varieties of peanuts

Conventionally, all cultivars of peanuts can be divided into 4 groups.

Spanish group- small peanuts with a high oil content. Kernels in a pink-brown shell. This species is used for the production of peanut butter, salted and candied nuts.

Valencia Group- varieties with large kernels. Plants are tall with smooth fruits with 3 seeds each.

Group Runner- the varieties of this group are superior to the Spanish varieties in taste, and also give high yields. This peanut is used for the production of peanut butter, salted nuts for beer.

Virginia Group- large, selected peanuts that are used for confectionery.

Peanut growing technology

The area for growing peanuts should be well lit, without shading and with good ventilation. The soil is light, black earth or neutral with a high content of potassium, magnesium, humus. Peanuts do not tolerate soil salinity.

Planting peanuts produced in warm soil. Seeds germinate at a temperature of 12-14 degrees, 25-30 degrees is considered ideal.

Be sure to wait for settled warm weather, peanuts do not tolerate frost. Usually, peanuts are planted in mid-May, after sowing melons.

The best peanut precursors on the plot are − cabbage, cucumbers, potatoes.

Do not plant this crop after legumes.

In the spring, prepare the soil before planting - apply nitrophoska 50 g per 1 m2. If you prepare the soil in the fall, then you can add humus for digging to a depth of 25-30 cm at the rate of 1-3 kg per m 2.

For sowing, seeds can be purchased at the market, only raw peanuts- not fried or salted.

It is better to clean seeds before sowing, so germination is better, choose large seeds. Although you can sow whole beans.

watering peanuts carry out different ways– drip or furrow irrigation. In hot and dry weather, watering is carried out every 10-15 days, while the water should be warm.

Peanut requires high humidity soil, especially during flowering and pod formation. In September, when the harvest time comes, watering is reduced so that the seeds ripen.

sowing peanuts on the site it is better to do in a square-nesting way 60x60 or 70x70 cm, 5-6 plants per nest.

There is also a wide-row method of sowing peanuts - between rows 60-70 cm, between plants 15-20 cm and a planting depth of 6-8 cm.

Sowing of peanuts is also carried out in a checkerboard pattern with a distance of 25-30 cm between rows, 50 cm between plants and a bean planting depth of 10 cm.

Place 1-3 large seeds in each hole and cover with soil. After embedding, water the bed generously with a shower head to prevent soil erosion.

Growing peanuts in the garden and care

The main care for peanuts during cultivation is watering, weeding, hilling, loosening the soil and fertilizing.

Needed on time remove weeds, protecting the young shoots of peanuts. Weeding weeds and loosening the soil.

Peanuts are starting to bloom in June and ends at the end of July. At the end of flowering, the formed ovaries begin to descend to the ground, where they germinate and then ripen peanuts.

At this point, it is necessary to hilling plants loose, moist soil (like potatoes). As an option, you can add a layer of mulch from sawdust, humus, peat about 5 cm thick. After 10 days, add more soil around the plants.

Under each bush, an average of 30-50 beans ripen.

watering peanuts carried out as the topsoil dries. Peanuts need abundant watering during flowering - 1-2 times a week in the morning. After flowering, peanuts need frequent spraying in evening time- 1 time in 2 days or 1 time in 3 days.

During the ripening period, watering is reduced to a minimum so that the beans ripen. If it rains during this period, it is necessary to cover the bed with polyethylene.

In total, 4-5 waterings of peanuts are carried out per season.

Peanut nutrition held 2 times per season. The first time, when the plants reach a height of 10 cm, a solution is added: 20 g of ammonium nitrate, 45 g of potassium salt, 70 g of superphosphate dissolved in 10 liters of water.

The second time to carry out a similar top dressing at the beginning of the formation of fruits.

Video - Growing peanuts at home

Diseases and pests of peanuts

Peanuts get infected alternariosis, powdery mildew, gray rot, fusarium wilt.

powdery mildew- the appearance of single spots on both sides of the sheet white plaque, which increase with time and the leaves dry up.

The disease can affect stems, and even fruit set. Plants with severe infection are treated with fungicides - Quadris, Topaz, Ridomil, Switch, Horus.

Alternaria (black leaf spot) - more often manifested at the end of the growing season in wet and warm weather. There is the formation of black spots that grow over time, the leaves die off. To prevent the occurrence of the disease, observe the agricultural technique of the species.

Fusarium wilt - manifestations in the form of root rot, the growth and development of plants stops, the ground part is yellower, rapid death occurs.

Follow agricultural practices and harvest in a timely manner.

Gray rot- occurs at the end of peanut flowering. Rusty-brown spots appear, they pass from the leaves to the petioles, then to the stems. The plant withers and dies. The fruits that have managed to form are deformed. The disease manifests itself during wet and warm weather in late summer.

Pests capable of harming peanuts - aphids, thrips, caterpillars. If you find aphids and caterpillars in the area, you need to sprinkle the bed with a mixture of tobacco dust and wood ash.

To fight thrips use insecticides.

Doing the most damage wireworms, whose larvae live in the ground. They easily gnaw bean shells and feed on peanut seeds.

To destroy the wireworm, pit traps are arranged in the ground. Pieces of carrots, beets, potatoes are placed in such traps, covered with a board, a piece of slate, and after a while they open and destroy the wireworm larvae that have crawled to feast on vegetables.

To prevent the appearance of pests and diseases in the beds with peanuts, always follow the agrotechnics of the species and crop rotation, remove weeds in the garden in time.

Harvesting and storing peanuts

After the leaves turn yellow on the plants, dig up a couple of beans and if the seeds are easy to get, it's time to harvest.

By the time of harvest, the temperature is stable around +10 degrees. But it’s also impossible to delay the cleaning, when it gets cold, the peanuts gain bitterness and become unfit for food.

Harvesting peanuts produce with a pitchfork, digging up bushes. The beans are separated from the stems and dried in the shade in the fresh air.

After drying, the beans are placed in a cloth bag and stored in dry room with ventilation and temperature not higher than 10 degrees.

Useful properties and harm of peanuts

Peanuts are very useful. The composition includes linoleic, pantothenic, folic acids, vegetable fats, easily digestible proteins, glutenins, starch, vitamins and macronutrients. The antioxidants in peanuts make them effective tool prevention of cardiovascular diseases.

Squirrels well absorbed human body thanks to the optimal ratio of amino acids.

Folic acid promotes the renewal of body cells, and fats have a mild choleretic effect.

Peanuts have a calming effect on people with increased excitability, help restore strength, improve memory, increase potency, and eliminate insomnia.

A large amount of protein enhances the feeling of satiety. Peanuts do not contain cholesterol.

Harm of peanut

Even such a product cannot be used in unlimited quantities, especially for those who suffer from excess weight.

When eating peanuts together with skins containing strong allergens, people prone to allergies suffer.

moldy peanuts may lead to poisoning.

Video - Peanuts in the country the full process from planting to harvest

We are used to the fact that nuts grow on trees, but the fruits of this plant, which are also called nuts, ripen underground. How does peanut grow and can it be grown in middle lane? We will try to answer these and other questions in this article.

Peanuts, which belong to the legume family and the peanut genus, are native to South America. The world owes the introduction of this plant to the agrochemist George Carver from the USA. In this country, peanuts are not only one of the main crops, but also a widely consumed food product.

Peanuts are the seeds of an annual herbaceous plant that is a distant relative of beans and peas. It grows in its own way. When the yellow or yellow-orange moth-like flowers collected in racemes are pollinated, the pedicel with the ovary at the end grows in length and gradually leans towards the ground. After penetration into the soil, seeds are formed on it, enclosed in a hard shell. Most productive varieties peanuts give up to 40 beans from one bush.

Peanuts are a heat-loving crop. Its main producers are China and India. Large areas are occupied by peanuts in the USA, Nigeria, Indonesia, Sudan and Senegal. The question of where peanuts grow in Russia can be answered: in the Kuban and in the Stavropol Territory. It is grown in Ukraine and Belarus.

Varieties of varieties

The success of growing peanuts in the middle lane depends very much on 2 components: weather and variety. And, if we have no control over the weather, then it is quite possible to choose a suitable variety, especially since, thanks to selection, many new ones have been bred that are not so demanding on heat.

In 2005, the Otradokubansky peanut variety was included in the State Register of Agricultural Achievements. It was bred at the Kuban experimental station of VIR and recommended for cultivation in all regions of our country. There are other varieties for the middle lane: Klinsky, Stepnyak, Krasnodarets 14, Bayan, Gruzinsky. If the seeds of these varieties cannot be bought, you can experiment with "foreigners". These are Runner, Valencia, Virginia and Spanish.

With any method of growing, you must follow the basic rules for caring for the crop.

Peanut Care Rules

When growing a nut, you need to follow the patterns dictated by the biological characteristics of the plant.

• The soil for growing should be light and loose. Sandy loam, light loam, sand or black soil are most suitable. Heavy soils are improved with the addition of sand and peat.
• The acidity of the soil should be close to neutral.
• Plants from the legume family cannot be the predecessors of peanuts.
• Seedlings are planted when the soil warms up to 15 degrees Celsius. The temperature range in which the plant is comfortable is 18-28 degrees. If the nights are cold, temporary film shelter should be provided.
• The distance between rows is 60 cm, between plants in a row is 15-30 cm. If the beans are sown with seeds, 3 germinated nuts are placed in each hole. In addition to the ordinary method, a square-nested method is also used with a distance between nests of 70 cm.
• The bed is prepared in the fall, fertilizing it with humus - 2 kg per sq.m and adding 50 g each complex fertilizer to the same area.
• The bed should always be clean of weeds, the earth is loosened as often as possible.
• Plants should be watered without waiting for the soil to dry out and only with water heated in the sun. Excess moisture can provoke the development of diseases caused by fungi, so when watering, you need to observe the golden mean.

With a lack of moisture, peanuts stop growing, and fertilized flowers in dry soil die after 2 days.

• Stop watering 2 weeks before harvest.
• The appearance of flowers is a signal for hilling plants. Up to 6 hillings are made per season. The peanut flower lives only one day, so you can not hesitate with this procedure. Hilling is carried out to a height of up to 40 cm, they do it every decade from the beginning of flowering until the first days of August.
• Top dressing of this crop is carried out 3 times per season: when the second pair of true leaves is formed, in the budding phase, at the beginning of fruiting. Use full mineral fertilizers according to the standards indicated on the packaging. Top dressing with nitrogen in August inhibits the ripening of beans.
• Harvested in September, choosing a dry sunny day.
• To keep nuts well, they need to be dried.

Growing peanuts in the middle lane

Peanut beans can be grown at home, in the country or garden plot: in open field, greenhouse or on warm garden.

On the garden plot

Peanut long term vegetation - nuts ripen no earlier than 4 months after germination. If we take into account that the plant develops only in warmth, and when it gets cold, its growth stops, it becomes clear that growing seedlings in the middle lane is indispensable. Peanuts are planted in the ground when the earth warms up to +15 degrees. This usually happens in early June. To dig up beans in early September, seedlings are planted at the age of 1.5-2 months. Therefore, it is necessary to sow them for seedlings in early April. The nuts are laid out in separate cups to a depth of about 3 cm. But first they must be disinfected in a pink solution of potassium permanganate for 15 minutes and germinated between two wet cotton pads. After a couple of days, the roots will appear. Seedling care is simple: water as needed. It should be placed in a bright place.

As soon as warm weather sets in, they plant seedlings on prepared beds and take care of the plants, observing all the rules of agricultural technology.

At home

You can treat yourself to nuts grown at home on the windowsill. Seed preparation and seedling cultivation are similar to those above. When a pair of true leaves appears, the plants are transferred to spacious pots with the preservation of an earthy coma. The pot should be chosen as wide as possible, and the soil should be loose. A mixture of sod land, a small amount of humus and sand.

What is needed for the successful development of a plant?

• Sunny windowsill. In the hottest hours, peanuts are best shaded.
• Frequent, but not deep loosening.
• Timely watering and top dressing.
• Bending the tops to the ground with special struts.

On the suburban area Peanuts grow well in protected ground.

in the greenhouse

To save greenhouse space, peanut crops are often combined with planting tomatoes. The benefits for plants are mutual: peanuts enrich the soil with nitrogen, and tomatoes shade it from the sun during the hottest hours. It is necessary to provide a sufficient development area for each crop - plant peanuts closer to the walls of the greenhouse, and increase the distance between tomatoes. You should choose undersized varieties tomatoes. The greenhouse is often ventilated. The soil is loosened, and the plants do not forget to hill up.

On warm beds

This is another alternative for successful cultivation peanuts. On a warm bed, it grows better and gives a good harvest. Growing agrotechnics does not differ from that in the open field, but you need to take care of a warm bed in the fall. To do this, remove the soil from the prepared bed on the spade bayonet and lay it in both directions, making the sides. The resulting surface is covered with plant residues, without laying waste from legumes. The layer of residues should not be thinner than 10 cm. Semi-rotted compost is poured over them. They close it by raking the earth from the sides. Such a bed warms up earlier and gives off the heat obtained by overheating the organic mass for a long time.

Growing peanuts is not only interesting experience for the gardener. Subject to all the rules of agricultural technology, even in the middle lane, you can get a good harvest of this heat-loving crop.

Peanuts are the most valuable oilseed crop. In addition to oil, its kernels also contain a lot of protein. The taste of peanuts quite competes with nuts. No wonder it is called a peanut. One more thing good property of this crop: peanuts are an excellent predecessor for many vegetable plants.

It enriches the earth with nitrogen, noticeably harasses weeds. Its tops are completely eaten by livestock both fresh and dry.

I will share my experience of growing peanuts. For planting, I stock up on selected seeds, remembering that from bad seeds don't expect a good harvest. I plant peanuts from April 25 to May 15, when the soil warms up to 15 °. An accompanying sign is the flowering of white acacia.

In our places on the same site, it is possible to pre-grow radishes. After removing it, I clear the place of plant residues and plant peanuts. I use a special planter. I put the seeds in moist soil, in furrows previously made with a three-blade marker. I leave the row spacing 70 cm, the distance between plants in the rows is 15-18 cm. I plant peanuts with grains freed from the husks - 2-3 grains per hole-nest.

Normal plant density is 1100-1200 per 100 m2. In sparse places, I replant seedlings, which take root well. At the time of leaving, I don’t feed the plants, because my plot has been well seasoned with fertilizers since autumn. I even put sapropel - river silt. In the spring I introduce ammophoska (1.5-2 kg per hundred square meters), so my care for peanuts comes down to constant loosening of row spacings and hilling. I water with a canal or sprinkler method. From 100 m2 I rent 50 kg of peanut beans.

Of the varieties of peanuts, I prefer Acorn, which I purchased at the All-Union Scientific Research Institute of Oilseeds in Krasnodar. I do not have seeds for distribution.

K. Ivanov, amateur vegetable grower Krasnodar Territory

(Homestead No. 6, 1985)

Groundnut - peanut

Peanut or peanut is a small annual plant up to 60 cm high, similar to beans. Brazil is considered to be the birthplace of peanuts. Currently, the largest sown areas for this crop are in India, China, Burma, Indonesia, and African countries. In the United States, the peanut spread after the weevil destroyed cotton plantations in the southern states, and farmers had to switch to growing another crop that provides a stable income. Today, peanuts are to Americans what potatoes are to Russians. And the state of Alabama even erected a monument to the cotton weevil, thanks to which the country received a nutritious product, the nutritional value of which is much higher than that of potatoes.

Peanuts got into Russia late XVIII century, but industrial scale it began to be grown only in Soviet times. Within the territory of former USSR it is grown in Central Asia, Transcaucasia, in Ukraine, in Krasnodar Territory.

In more northern regions, peanuts are usually delayed in development and do not ripen, as they have a long growing season. Early varieties Acorn, Perzuvan-462 ripen in 100-120 days from full germination to harvest. A variety of medium ripening Krasnodarets needs 120-150 days from full germination. It should be borne in mind that peanuts are a heat-loving crop. Seeds germinate at a temperature of +15°C, and the optimum temperature during the growing season is 20-25°C.

The culture loves light-textured, fertile soils with a neutral reaction. In autumn, the soil for peanuts is dug up by 20-25 cm and 4-6 kg of rotted manure or compost are applied, 20-30 g of phosphorus-potassium fertilizers, and in spring - 10-15 g nitrogen fertilizers and 100-200 g of ash per 1 sq. m.

Peanuts are drought-resistant, but moisture-loving crops. During the season, he needs 6-8 waterings in a bucket of water per 1 sq. By the way, the yield of peanuts in industrial cultivation with irrigation is 40 centners / ha, without irrigation - 10-16 centners / ha.

Create in our climate zone southern conditions growing peanuts is not easy. But you can try to get a crop if you accelerate the vegetation of plants. The duration of the growing season depends entirely on the length of daylight hours. You can make peanuts bloom and bear fruit much earlier if you give them southern nights. For this, plants are covered with an opaque box two hours before sunset, removing it only two hours after sunrise. This creates a southern short day, which causes the plant to ripen earlier and produce a crop.

The same technique, called photoperiodism in agronomy, can also be used in the preparation of seeds - to make them germinate with a shortened day, keeping 3-4 days with less light. “This will replace shading during the growing season and make it redundant. Then getting a harvest of nuts in the north will no longer present any difficulties,” writes the prominent Russian agronomist and naturalist A. G. Doyarenko. “The use of photoperiodism for many southern crops, especially annuals, can give exceptional results by pushing the boundaries of their cultivation. This is a very rich, interesting and promising area for research available to any amateur."

Peanuts are grown in seedling and seedless method. In the south, seedlings are sown in mid-April, planted at the age of 20-25 days. They are sown in open ground in early May, when the soil warms up to plus 15-16 ° C, to a depth of 6-10 cm according to the scheme 50x50, 70x70, 7-8 seeds or 4-5 beans per nest.

In the Southern Urals, this soil temperature occurs at the end of May. Shoots appear in 12-15 days. After three weeks, the plants bloom.

Peanut possesses amazing property, not repeated in flora, - he buries his ovaries in the ground. The flowers are produced in the axils of the leaves and collected in inflorescences. Their number depends on the level of agricultural technology and external conditions– moisture content in the soil and air temperature. After the flower wilts, a fruit stem appears from the leaf axils - a gynophore, at the end of which there is an ovary. It grows quickly, bends and goes into the ground. After the gynophore penetrates the soil to a depth of about 5 cm, the ovary begins to develop into a pod. Because peanuts are called peanuts, the ripened fruits must be dug out of the ground. In past centuries, when there were no earthmoving combines, slaves were sent to collect peanuts, as we were once "for potatoes."

Given the specifics of fruiting, during the flowering period, peanuts must be spudded like potatoes.

During the growing season, two or three fertilizing with mineral (30-35 g / 10 l of water) or organic (0.5 l / 10 l of water) fertilizers of 3-5 liters per 1 sq. m.

Peanuts are harvested when they reach technical ripeness, when the bulk of the beans is well filled, and the shell is hard, straw-yellow in color. The dug beans are dried. Store in a dry cool warm place. In other conditions, they easily become moldy. First sign of defeat fungi- dark spots.

Peanuts - a healthy dietary product

Peanuts are distinguished by a high content of vitamins and microelements, a large amount of unsaturated fatty acids and pleasant taste. The seeds of this nut contain about 50 percent fat, more than 35 percent protein. Moreover, fats are mostly unsaturated, that is, they contribute to lowering the level of cholesterol in the blood. In fact, peanuts and peanut butter have less fat than most other nuts. Therefore, products from it are included in many diets for diabetics and overweight people. Scientists claim that if you eat peanuts regularly, the risk of cardiovascular disease will decrease dramatically. Peanut is also a good source folic acid, so it is very useful for pregnant women. American doctors recommend eating a handful of peanuts or 2 tablespoons of peanut butter daily. By the way, in terms of nutritional qualities, 100 g of peanuts can be equated to 200 g of beef and 150 g of cheese. True, if you eat too many nuts, there will be no double benefit from this. A handful a day is enough.

In the US, 75 percent of people start their day with a peanut butter sandwich. And American kids are given peanut butter sandwiches to school. In this country, there are institutes for the study of peanuts, clubs for lovers of peanuts, and even a "peanut press" that publishes materials on the peanut.

Confectionery is made from peanut seeds. It is eaten fried. The vegetative mass is fed to livestock.

Peanuts are not only a valuable food and oil crop, but also a raw material for a wide range of industrial products, including adhesives, synthetic fibers, paper coatings, flame retardants, paper and fabric sizing, water repellents, etc.

Medicinal and nutritional properties of peanuts:

Beneficial effect on sexual potency

Improves memory and attention

Improves hearing sensitivity

Useful in severe exhaustion and serious illness.

The substances that peanuts are rich in are necessary, and in in large numbers, for normal operation nervous tissue, heart, liver and other organs and systems.

With a prolonged dry cough, roasted peanuts are recommended to be given to the child along with rice porridge several times a day.

The owners of garden plots in the North show a genuine interest in growing not only zoned crops, but also southern ones, which are rare in our country. Among these, I would also include cultural peanuts (aka Chinese walnut, ground pistachio, peanut). In the XVI century. was imported from South America to Asia and then to Europe. In the XVIII century. also appeared in Russia. Currently cultivated in the Krasnodar Territory and only one subspecies of this plant is the common peanut. In culture, it has two forms: bush and creeping. Bush peanuts 50-60 cm high are more common. The root of the peanut is highly branched, it can penetrate to a depth of 1.5 m. The branches of the bush at the base are rounded, tetrahedral at the top, pubescent. The leaves are paired, glossy on the upper side, pubescent on the lower side. The flowers are borne singly or 2 or 3 in the axils of the leaves. The color of the corolla is yellow or orange. Flowers may have cross pollination. After fertilization, the lower part of the ovary of above-ground flowers lengthens, forming a needle-like organ - a gynophore, which grows upward for 5-6 days, and then bends, grows downward, penetrating the soil to a depth of 8-10 cm with an ovary sitting at its end. After that, a fruit begins to develop from the ovary in moist soil - a non-cracking cocoon-shaped bean with a thick mesh peel, most often containing 2-5 seeds. Seeds are elongated oval and rounded, dark red or light pink in color. The bean itself has a mass of 0.3-3 g. fertile soils up to 700 fruits are formed on a bush with a sufficient amount of heat and moisture. Peanuts are quite heat-loving plants, and even with a long growing season (150-180 days).

Maybe this is what keeps our gardeners from trying to grow peanuts in the cool climate of our region. After all, the seeds begin to germinate at a soil temperature of 12 ... 15 ° C (like corn), but we have adapted to grow corn in the North-West and even get our own crop. So why shouldn't the practicing, inquisitive gardener grow peanuts along with the other legumes we grow here? Here we must take into account that in terms of calories, peanuts are one of the first places in the world among food products. And the vegetative mass goes to feed livestock. In terms of nutritional value, it is not inferior to perennial hay. legume herbs, with which we do not have a lot here. Peanuts contain about 42% oil, up to 22% protein and about 13% carbohydrates. Peanut seeds contain over 50% high-quality fatty oil, about 20% protein and up to 18% carbohydrates, fiber, purines, saponins, vitamins B, E, pantothenic acid (B5), biotin (vitamin H).

Peanut kernels in all forms are delicious and nutritious. Peanut varieties - Acorn, Krasnodar 1708 (Adyg), Perzuvan 46/2.

In fact, growing peanuts is not difficult. We dig up the soil in autumn, loosen it in spring. We sow beans or husked seeds in warm, moist soil (an accompanying sign is the flowering of white acacia). After sowing, the soil is rolled. From my own experience, I note that nuts for sowing must be husked by hand, since mechanical peeling, as a rule, damages the embryo. What this leads to, I think it is clear to every gardener. Care - regular weeding, loosening, hilling, watering (at least 8 times, the last 20-30 days before harvesting). It is quite possible to grow peanuts in a 120-day frost-free period. In the Northwest, peanuts can be grown in a greenhouse, through seedlings. It is harvested before the onset of frost, digging up the bushes with a garden pitchfork. Shake off the ground and stack for 5-7 days in rolls to dry, then sort. The average yield of beans is 0.5 kg/m2. Peanuts are used as food, usually roasted and, along with sunflower seeds, are a favorite delicacy of Russians.

(Gardener No. 5, 2011)

Cultural peanut

Cultural peanut (groundnut, Chinese walnut, ground pistachio) - annual herbaceous plant the legume family. Peanuts, in essence, are quite a heat-loving plant. Perhaps this is what keeps the gardener from growing peanuts in our cool climate. After all, the seeds begin to germinate at a soil temperature of 12-15 ° C - the same as in corn, but we still grow corn), and why not try to grow peanuts too. Indeed, in terms of calories, it occupies one of the first places among food products. Peanuts are a valuable oilseed crop. Its seeds contain about 60% fat and more than 35% protein. Peanut oil is used in the canning, soap industry and in medicine. The oil cake obtained after separating the oil contains up to 45% protein and 8% fat. It is used in the manufacture of canned food, halva, cakes and other confectionery. Whole beans are also in demand in their natural form. They are eaten raw, and most often fried, and are a favorite treat for both children and adults. The stems are good fodder for livestock. The husk (bean skin) is used to make insulating materials and for fuel. The peanut was brought to Europe in the 16th century from China, so its beans for a long time called Chinese nuts. Peanut vegetation period is 120-160 days. Optimum temperature for plant growth 25-28°C. At temperatures below 12 ° C, fruits are not formed. Peanuts have the following varieties: Perzuvan 46/2, Zholud, Krasnodar 1708. Peanuts are sown with beans or shelled seeds (usually shelled) in warm, moist soil in a square-nested way (70x70 cm), 7-8 seeds or 4-5 beans per nest . It is possible - at a distance of 70 cm from one another, in a row - 15-18 cm, 2-3 grains per hole-nest. Seeds are planted in the soil by 8, and beans by 10 cm. The seeding rate is 5-9 g, beans - 7-12 g per 1 m2. After sowing, the soil is rolled. Care - regular weeding and loosening, hilling, watering (at least 8 times, the last 20-30 days before harvesting).

Peanuts are less susceptible to pests and diseases. Peanuts are harvested before the onset of autumn frosts with good performance of the beans and their easy separation from the gynophore. They dig bushes with a garden pitchfork, much less often with a shovel. Shake off the ground and stack for 5-7 days to dry, then thresh the beans, dry and sort. The average yield of beans is 0.5 kg/m2. When harvesting in wet weather (autumn), the beans are dried in dryers (at temperatures up to 40 ° C). During storage, the moisture content of the beans should be no more than 8%.

I. Krivega, amateur gardener

(Gardener, 2012)
Groundnut peanuts in the garden

Are you used to buying peanuts in the market or in the supermarket? Would you like to eat nuts from your own garden? Growing peanuts on the site, it turns out, is not so difficult. Experts say that if you can handle potatoes, then you can handle peanuts!

Cultural peanuts - an annual with branched shoots and paired leaves; yellow-red flowers are arranged in racemes on legs 4-7 in the corners of the leaves, but only the lower ones bear fruit, and the upper ones are usually barren.

WHY EARTH?

After fertilization, the pedicel with an ovary at the end begins to lengthen, reach for the ground, penetrate the soil, where the fruit grows - a swollen, oval 2-4-seed bean (not a nut!). Up to 40 beans can form on one plant.

Seeds the size of medium-sized beans contain up to 40-50% oil and 30% protein. Their color is dark red or light pink.

The pigment that gives the skin this color protects the plant from insects, but if it enters the human body, it can cause mild poisoning (diarrhea). However, this nuance is not a reason to refuse to eat peanuts: the pigment is easily removed by soaking.

Peanut is a plant that requires heat, moisture, light and nutrients. Seeds begin to germinate at 12°C. Seedlings are sensitive to frost. At -1°C they die.

GROW, NUT!

The optimum temperature for plant growth and development is 25-28°C. Fruits are formed in autumn only at temperatures above 12°C. Peanuts absorb the most moisture in the phase of flowering and fruit formation. On insufficiently moist soil, the ovaries develop poorly and the bean yield is small.

Depending on the variety and weather conditions, the peanut ripening period from planting to harvest lasts 120-160 days. In the conditions of Belarus, early varieties can be grown by sowing seeds in open ground, later ones - only through seedlings, otherwise the crop will not have time to ripen.

SOIL MATTERS

For growing peanuts, fertile sandy soils are selected, preferably on a southern slope, well lit and protected from cold winds. Structureless, saline and marshy lands in the lowlands are unsuitable, where the probability of spring frosts is high.

Peanuts are sown after any crops, except for the legume family. The soil is prepared in the fall: organic fertilizers are applied at a dose of 2-3 kg / sq.m, phosphorus - 60-80 g / sq.m. m, potash - 40-50 g / sq.m and close up to a depth of 12-17 cm. In the spring, 2-3 harrows are carried out to kill weeds.

Before sowing, the seeds from the beans are husked. Peanuts are sown when the soil warms up at a depth of 10 cm to 15 ° C, which usually occurs at the end of May. Peanuts are sown in a wide-row way with row spacing of 45-70 cm. The distance between seeds in a row is 10-20 cm. Early varieties are sown more densely, late ones less often. Seeding rate - 6-9 g/sq.m. Embedding depth - 6-8 cm.

If used late varieties or spring is late and cold, it is worth growing seedlings in pots and planting them at 25-30 days of age at the same depth and in the same way.

Caring for peanut crops includes harrowing before germination, 2-3 inter-row treatments and weeding in rows, and 1-2 hillings during the period when the ovaries lie on the soil. Hilling is especially effective after rain or watering. With insufficient soil moisture, 3-4 moderate waterings are carried out.

HARVEST NUT

Harvest harvest late autumn but before the onset of cold weather and rainy weather. Harvesting begins when the leaves turn yellow, when the grain is easily separated from the shell. Plants are dug up with a pitchfork, completely pulled out of the ground and turned over to dry. Depending on weather conditions, drying can last from 3 days to several weeks.

In unfavorable weather, the plants extracted from the soil must be tied into small sheaves and dried under a canopy in a suspended form. When the beans are easily separated from the plant, they are cut off and dried, spreading in a thin layer, stirring occasionally. If this is not done, mold may appear on the fruits.

Ripened grains are usually darker in color, rounded, fairly large in diameter, without wrinkles on the skin. Thin, wrinkled, light grains are immature, and it is better not to use them for sowing.

Refined grains should be roasted in the oven or in a frying pan before use. In addition to the fact that its taste will significantly improve and the red skin will peel off, so it will undergo a certain disinfection - they still pulled it out of the ground.

It is best to store peanuts unshelled (in beans), in cloth bags in a dry place.

DISEASES OF PEANUTS

Powdery mildew. The first signs of the disease appear in the form of single spots on both sides of the leaves, covered with a powdery coating, while the coating is more common on the upper side of the leaves. Gradually, the spotting grows and covers the entire leaf, which turns yellow and dries out. Similar spotting develops on stems and embryos that die. It is possible to prevent the disease only by strictly observing the agricultural practices of growing peanuts.

Fusarium wilt of peanuts. On young plants, the disease manifests itself in the form of root rot, which causes growth suppression, yellowing and rapid death of plants. After a period of subsidence of the disease, it develops with renewed vigor during flowering and the laying of the first fruits. Plants turn yellow, wilt, and usually become necrotic before harvest. The roots of affected plants darken and rot, and pads of light mycelium develop at the base of the stem. Fruits are not formed, and if they are formed, they turn out to be small and underdeveloped. Control measures: observance of a 3-4-year crop rotation, obtaining seeds from healthy areas, proper agricultural practices when growing peanuts, including early dates, optimal depth and density of sowing, timely harvesting.

Gray rot of peanuts. Symptoms of the disease appear from the end of flowering until harvest. Growing, indistinctly limited rusty-brown spots form on the tops or edges of the leaves, passing along the petioles of the leaves to the stems, the upper part of which withers and dies. Affected plants do not form fruits, or the ovaries remain small and sterile. With a late lesion, the pathogen settles on the valves of the beans, forming a dense gray coating mushroom. The beans remain small, deformed, and the seeds remain puny. Control measures: growing peanuts on a high agricultural background, ending irrigation 1-1.5 months before harvesting, timely harvesting.

Andrey Tchaikovsky, Candidate of Agricultural Sciences