Comfortable air temperature in the room depends on the sensations of a particular person. In addition, it is directly related to its subjective assessment and susceptibility to environmental conditions.

There is no such thing as a comfortable temperature in any regulatory documentation. It is not in the technical vocabulary either. There is only the so-called value of the optimal air temperature, which was determined with the help of numerous physiological experiments.

Concept differences

The air temperature in the room should be at a level that provides maximum comfortable conditions for the people there. But what should this value be? It is extremely difficult to answer this question, because each person is individual. And if one of us is comfortable even in the heat, then others do not close the windows even on frosty days.

However, scientists came to the conclusion that certain preferences are a criterion only for the concept of a comfortable temperature regime. But there are also standards determined as a result of research. The obtained values ​​take into account many factors, among which are the needs of the average human body. Such values ​​indicate the optimum temperature and may be different depending on certain conditions.

It is very important to take into account the normative indicators in the room. Indeed, according to scientists, any overheating or hypothermia will certainly affect his general state of health. That is why the values ​​of the optimal air temperature in the room are not recommended. They are enshrined in official legislative acts- SanPiNakh, which reflect the requirements of sanitary standards.

What affects the air temperature in the room?

Of course, first of all it external factors, which depend on the season and the climate zone in which the house is located. But, in addition, the air temperature in the room is directly related to the characteristics of each of the rooms. Let's consider these factors in more detail.

Subtleties of the climate

The temperature regime in the room differs depending on a particular area. They are different in the northern and southern, as well as in the western and eastern regions. The temperature norm in an apartment or in a production room depends on such factors as air humidity, its temperature and Atmosphere pressure measured outside the walls of the building.

There are differences in the microclimate in the houses and depending on the change of season. So, in winter the air temperature in the premises is lower than in summer. For example, for the climate of the European continent during the cold periods of the year, the average optimum temperature air in the room is at around 22 degrees. In the hot season, its values ​​​​increase by three degrees.

Human factor

Temperature conditions in the apartment should provide maximum comfort for the people living in it. However, as mentioned above, such sensations are strictly individual. People of different sex and age perceive the same temperature differently.

For example, women are more thermophilic than men. But newborn children do not have the ability for natural thermoregulation at all and can quickly overheat or freeze.

Temperature in the rooms

Microclimate various premises varies depending on their purposes. Consider the temperature regimes in the rooms of a residential building or apartment:

1. Sleeping and rest areas. Here, the optimum air temperature should be at around 18 degrees. It is in such conditions that a person gets rid of poor health and insomnia.
2. Bathroom. In this room, the air temperature should not be below 25 degrees. This is due to the humid microclimate of the room and its purpose. At low temperatures, there is immediately a feeling of dampness and discomfort.
3. Kitchen. This room uses a lot household appliances that radiate heat. This is an electric kettle and a microwave oven, an oven and hob. In this regard, the high temperature in the kitchen will be inappropriate.
4. Comfort in living rooms and other rooms will be provided by temperature conditions ranging from 19 to 21 degrees.

However, there is one thing to keep in mind important rule. According to him, the temperature regime in the apartment should not have large differences. Ideally, when moving from one room to another, the discrepancies in the readings of the thermometer should not be more than 2 degrees.

Human well-being

Despite personal preferences, the temperature in the apartment must still be respected. This issue becomes especially relevant in cold winters and hot summers. It is during this period that significant differences can be observed between the air temperature in the house and on the street. If the temperature conditions are not respected, then such a microclimate will lead either to overheating, or to And this, in turn, is fraught with the appearance of cardiological problems.

Effects of overheating on health

If too hot atmosphere is created in the room, then this provokes the spread of bacteria harmful to the body. Therefore, it is not surprising that people in such a room have infectious diseases. In addition, in conditions of heat, the body loses moisture.

This causes the blood to thicken, which forces the heart to work harder. heavy load. This condition is dangerous for those who suffer from cardiac problems. In addition, the loss of moisture in the body leads to water-electrolyte imbalance.

Effect of hypothermia

A similar state is possible if the temperature regimes are not observed in the apartment and the thermometer falls below 17 degrees. What happens to the human body in this case? It enhances heat transfer, which causes hypothermia. This condition causes pathology nervous system and acute respiratory infections. Low temperatures are especially dangerous for young children. That is why compliance with the temperature regime is important if there are kids in the house.

Sometimes it happens that a person constantly freezes even in those microclimatic conditions that must be created in accordance with sanitary and hygienic requirements. This is worth thinking about seriously. Perhaps the discomfort is caused by a simple habit of high temperature. In this case, you need to be patient and adjust to the normal feeling of lower numbers. But even here there are nuances. A constant feeling of cold is sometimes the result of problems with blood vessels, the heart, or hormonal levels. And this makes it necessary to consult a specialist.

Requirements for kindergarten premises

Microclimate in children's rooms preschool institutions should be created in strict accordance with the norms of the law. The temperature regime in kindergartens should not depend on the wishes of the administration or the parents of the kids. Moreover, all the indications in SanPiN are developed on the basis of numerous scientific research and are designed to ensure minimal morbidity in children.

So, according to this document, the optimum temperature game room should be between 21 and 24 degrees. Moreover, the upper values ​​of this indicator should be maintained for nursery groups or for those areas that are in the cold climate zone. For children's bedrooms, the optimum temperature is somewhat lower. It is in the range of 18-21 degrees.

Requirements for school premises

The optimal temperature in this educational institution is necessary to maintain the health of children. Moreover, the indicators of the microclimate in the school are directly dependent on the purpose of the premises. So, the thermometer can be at around 18 to 24 degrees in the library and foyer, dining room and assembly hall, in classrooms, as well as in small spaces where he spends with children individual lesson psychologist or speech therapist.

It should be a little colder in the workshops. In these rooms, where children are engaged in physical labor, the thermometer should be at around 17-20 degrees. The same rule exists for the gym. If the school has showers, then they should warm up to 22-25 degrees. But in medical offices and sports locker rooms, the thermometer can be at lower levels. Their required value according to the norms is in the range from 20 to 22 degrees.

The temperature regime at the school is allowed to be reduced during the holidays. During this period, when children do not attend an educational institution, the air here can be warmed up to 15 degrees.

Work space requirements

production shops or office rooms is the key to maintaining the health of employees. In addition, the optimal temperature regime in the room where this or that work is performed is clearly regulated by law. But it should be borne in mind that the regulations provide for different indicators. What do they depend on? There are only three of them, and the differences between them lie in the intensity of the work performed.

First category

The optimum operating temperature in such rooms is in the range of 21-28 degrees. These are facilities where employees perform their official duties in a sitting position and have little physical activity. Such premises include watch and clothing production, as well as workshops of automobile and instrument-making enterprises. The intensity of energy consumption of workers producing such products does not exceed 139 watts. In this category, a separate subgroup is distinguished. It includes production facilities where employees spend more energy during the performance of work (up to 174 W). Optimal modes temperatures for such industries are limits starting at 20 degrees.

Second category

The industries allocated to this group require large energy inputs from their employees (up to 232 W). AT this case it is assumed that the employee is in a sitting position, but at the same time moves various cargoes, weighing up to 1 kg. The optimal temperature regime for such industries will be values ​​​​from 18 to 27 degrees. If an employee in such work moves loads up to 10 kg, then his energy consumption will be 290 watts. In this case, the lower limit normative values temperature regime can be reduced to 16 degrees.

Similar conditions are created in the premises of rolling, thermal, mechanized and forging industries, as well as in the workplaces of personnel servicing conveyors, assembly shops and lines.

Third category

In some industries, the energy consumption of an employee exceeds 290 watts. In such cases, we are talking about the third category of premises, which are most demanding on the microclimate created in them. This is due to the fact that the staff involved in manufacturing process, you have to make great physical efforts, walk and move weights weighing more than 10 kg. The most favorable temperature regime for this category of premises will be from 15 to 26 degrees. As a rule, these are workshops or workshops where manual operations are performed for metal processing, preparation building structures etc.

Implementation of sanitary and hygienic standards

In order to meet the requirements for establishing a beneficial microclimate, it is necessary to keep a log of the temperature regime. It should contain the readings of special instruments used in offices and industries. The frequency of such measurements depends on the continuity of work processes and the characteristics of sanitary and hygienic provision. As a rule, such events are held three times during the working shift.

If the required temperature regime is not observed, a number of measures will be required to eliminate the causes that led to this. These may include work on thermal insulation of the room, as well as heating and ventilation in it. If it is impossible to carry out such activities, in separate room a rest room should be organized, the microclimate of which will be comfortable for the staff.

A comfortable atmosphere in the house directly depends on a number of factors. Chief among them can be correct temperature. It is when the room is warm and cozy that it is pleasant to be in it.

There are certain standards that should be followed when determining the temperature regime.

They depend on the following factors:

1. Climate features where the building is located. Naturally, the location of the house in the southern part of the country and in the northern territory plays an important role. The inhabitants of the north, as a rule, prefer warmth, and the southerners are not very happy with hot walls and dry air. The definition of indoor comfort level differs significantly by region. In addition, it is worth considering the level of humidity of the surrounding air and the presence of precipitation.
2. Season(seasonality). The norm in summer and winter also differ significantly. At the same time, the comfortable temperature in the hot season is 3-4 degrees higher than in winter period. At first glance, this difference may seem insignificant, but it is very noticeable if the boundaries of the permissible norm are violated.
3. Family members preferences living in the house. Comfortable temperature to a large extent depends on the personal preferences of the people living in the house. The SNIP only establishes favorable conditions for existence, but some people will freeze at 22 degrees, while others need 19 to feel good. Any organism adapts to a certain regimen, which is not recommended to be violated. This often leads to health problems.
4. Features of a particular room. Each room has its own rules depending on the destination. It should be noted that the difference in temperature horizontally and vertically in any room should be no more than 2-3 degrees. The same applies to differences in degrees in different rooms. Such fluctuations are easily tolerated, and more significant differences create an unfavorable environment for living.

The influence of each factor has a certain value.

It is worth noting that the preferred parameters for women and men may differ. Due to the characteristics of the body, women prefer higher temperatures than the stronger sex.

It is especially important to observe the temperature regime if a baby lives in the apartment. He is most susceptible to such changes, so it is necessary to create all the conditions for his comfortable existence in order to ensure the baby's health and protect him from possible problems in future.

Temperature for each room

Table of permissible norms

According to the regulations, in each room it is necessary to maintain certain temperature, which depends on functional purpose one space or another.

For a cozy and pleasant atmosphere in residential premises, it is enough to adhere to indicators of 22-25 ° C in summer time, and 20-22 ° C in cold weather.

Non-residential premises of houses (corridors, hallways, front) should have the following parameters - 17-19 ° С. In the kitchen, the permissible temperature is from 15 ° C, since here the air warms up even from the stove. Otherwise, it will be too hot.

You can comfortably use your bathroom at 25°C. Temperatures below the set limit are undesirable due to high level humidity, while dampness is most strongly felt.

The optimal characteristic for the bedroom is no more than 18 ° C, and for children's rooms this parameter is around 23-24 ° C, especially if you live infant. But if the baby is large, you can lower the temperature by a couple of degrees. In the toilet, it is permissible to maintain 20 ° C, and in pantries and vestibules - from 12 to 18 ° C.

Important! Only the minimum temperature limit in residential premises has been established - 18 ° C. At the same time, everyone determines the upper threshold independently, depending on their level of comfort. In this case, it is worth adhering to the above parameters.

Determining the temperature that is actually in the room is quite difficult. It depends on drafts, humidity levels. At the same time, this indicator does not always coincide with what the room thermometer shows.

Consequences of too low/high temperature

Low temperatures are even more dangerous for humans.

It is very important to keep the temperature balance in the rooms. Even despite personal preferences, it is worth using generally established standards. Otherwise, health problems may arise. This is especially important for the human condition in summer period when in the heat people actively use air conditioners.

At the same time, the temperature in the room is set significantly lower than outside the window, and the difference should be no more than 4-5 ° C.

Failure to comply with the temperature regime threatens that the body will receive stress and the following problems may occur:

1. Overheat.
2. Hypothermia.

Both of these conditions are very dangerous because they have Negative consequences. It is worth dwelling on this in more detail.

Overheating can lead to the following problems:

1. Increasing pressure, which is dangerous for hypertensive patients.
2. The occurrence of asthma attacks, coughing, shortness of breath.
3. Development and active spread of viruses and bacteria.
4. Vessels expand, which in people with heart problems can cause an attack.
5. Violation of water-salt metabolism, normal body heat exchange, dehydration.
6. The occurrence of diaper rash, activation of skin diseases.
7. Sleep disturbance, anxiety, headaches.

Being in cold room can cause hypothermia, which can cause the following problems:

1. Deterioration of mood, nervousness.
2. Decreased immunity, increasing the risk of viral diseases.
3. Violation of heat transfer which leads to restlessness and anxiety. Very dangerous for a baby.

Only a healthy hardened body can fight low temperatures. But a long stay in cold rooms is undesirable to anyone.

Temperature control

Temperature regulator

There are many ways to keep your home comfortable. The main rule can be expressed as follows: when the room is hot, it needs to be cooled, and if it is cold, warm it up.

How to deal with the heat in the apartment:

1. The best option is to reduce heating to let the radiators cool down a bit. But not everyone has this opportunity. To do this, it is necessary that the batteries be equipped with special regulators that will allow you to control the temperature balance.
2. Regular ventilation. It will not only reduce the heating of the room, but also eliminate bad smell mustiness, kill bacteria and viruses, reduce the likelihood of disease.

It is useful to ventilate the room before going to bed. At the same time, it is better that no one is in the room, since the resulting draft is a very dangerous enemy for human health.

If the heating is insufficient and the room is cold, this can also be easily dealt with.

For this you need:

1. If possible, increase the heating of the heating radiators.
2. A great way to keep warm and get rid of drafts is to protect your windows. Warming window frames allows you to maintain the standard temperature in the rooms. You can install special double-glazed windows that do not require such laborious maintenance.

In some cases, double-glazed windows were installed in violation of the rules, this happens when the workers were irresponsible in their work. In connection with such shortcomings, precious heat flies away through cracks and gaps. The gaps formed between the frame and the wall are easy to close mounting foam. And it's not worth saving:

To maintain a comfortable environment in the house, you can use. It is enough to connect it to heating appliances or air conditioning units, plug it into a socket, and ideal temperature indoors will be provided automatically.

It is worth remembering that in case of any problems with central heating you should contact the specialized authorities that are responsible for supplying heat to the house.

It is strongly not recommended to solve such issues on your own. Specialists will check the entire system and find the right way out.

Residents of each apartment usually use at least two thermometers in everyday life. One serves to determine the air temperature outside and tells you how best to dress, and the second helps to control the microclimate inside the apartment itself. Most often, this is where it all ends - if the readings of household appliances are enough to comfortable life, no one thinks about the correctness of the measurement process and the accuracy of instrument readings. Especially since modern technologies and access to the Internet from a mobile phone allow you not to look at other sources of information at all. But not always and not in all rooms there are no problems with the temperature regime, and then you have to understand in more detail how to create a microclimate and take more accurate data from measuring instruments.

Why monitor the temperature in the apartment?

Measuring the air temperature in the apartment is necessary when the temperature regime ceases to be comfortable. Very often, management companies save on heating, which leads to a decrease in the temperature in housing, since the heat on the street has not yet come. In other situations, the tenants themselves declare that the apartments are cold, but the management companies say that everything is in order and that's how it should be. At this point, several questions arise - how to correctly measure the air temperature in the apartment? And what, in general, should be normal temperature in an apartment in terms of current regulations? This knowledge can be useful not only in solving any conflict situations With management company, but also just ordinary life to maintain a comfortable microclimate in the room.

The question of how to measure the air temperature in a residential area is answered by GOST 30494-2011, which regulates the microclimate parameters on the territory of residential and public buildings. Apartments in apartment buildings fall under this GOST, so the measurement must be carried out taking into account the requirements specified in this regulation:

• The air temperature outside should be no higher than 5 degrees Celsius during the cold season;
• In the warm season, the minimum temperature outside should be 15 degrees;
• Temperature measurement cannot be carried out during the warm part of the day with a cloudless sky.

It should be noted right away that the warm season begins from the moment when the average daily temperature, according to the meteorological station, exceeds +10 degrees. From these requirements it follows that at temperatures below plus five degrees in cloudy weather, measurements can be carried out in the daytime. But with a clear and clear sky, measurement should be carried out at dusk. Many people ask whether the accuracy of measuring the temperature in the apartment depends on the air temperature outside? As it turns out, it depends, otherwise GOST would not contain precise instructions on the admissibility and inadmissibility of measurements in specific situations. In practice, in order to ensure that there are no problems with proving the accuracy of measurements in the future, it is mandatory to indicate the weather conditions, the time and the current temperature outside during the verification in the measurement report. Fortunately, even if this was not done, data from the local Hydrometeorological Center for the day when the measurements were made can serve as evidence. This information is available upon request to all comers.

To obtain the most accurate data, temperature measurement is carried out taking into account several more rules:

1. If the apartment is located on the last or first floor of a residential high-rise building measurements must be carried out in at least two rooms. This applies to both one-room and multi-room apartments. In this case, the minimum area of ​​\u200b\u200beach room should be 5 square meters.
2. Measurement should be made in the center of the room, at a height of at least 0.6 meters from the floor.
3. Minimum distance from heaters, radiators and outer wall is 0.5 meters. Naturally, in an apartment, this distance to the center of the room is almost always greater, even if it is a small one-room housing.
4. In order to get the most full information about the temperature in the apartment, the measurement is also made in the middle of the outer walls, in the center of the windows and in the center of the heating radiators.

In addition to temperature, according to the requirements of the same GOST, at least acceptable, and better, optimal microclimate parameters must be created in a residential building. This definition includes several characteristics at once:

• Comfortable room temperature;
• Relative Humidity and air speed;
• The resulting temperature in the apartment and the local asymmetry of this temperature within the housing.

All optimal and permissible indicators in numbers are indicated in the relevant tables in normative document. There are three of them - for administrative and public buildings, children's and preschool institutions, as well as for hostels and residential buildings. Therefore, everyone who asks a question, where it is written that the air temperature in the apartment should not be below 20 degrees, can be safely sent to read Table 1 GOST 30494-2011:

1. During the cold season, the air temperature in living rooms in apartments: optimal - 20-22 degrees, permissible - 18-24. The permissible temperature range of 20-24 degrees only applies to homes for the disabled and the elderly.
2. Do not confuse the optimal and permissible range of air temperature in residential premises with the optimal and permissible range of the resulting temperature in the apartment. In closets, stairwells, toilets, bathrooms and some other rooms, a lower temperature is acceptable than in living rooms. The resulting measurement values ​​are correspondingly lower as well. It is worth focusing, first of all, on the permissible measurement readings for living rooms.
3. In the warm season (average daily temperature from +10 and above), the optimum temperature is in the range of 22-25 degrees, and the allowable temperature is 20-28 degrees.

Therefore, according to the law, the temperature should not be lower than 20 degrees in the apartment only in the warm season, while in winter it can drop to +18 degrees - this will not be a violation of the norm. For corridor, lobby and staircase minimum temperatures in winter are even lower - from 14-16 degrees. There is also an indicator of the standard temperature - 12 degrees for domestic, public and administrative buildings and 15 degrees for residential premises. This temperature must be ensured in any building by the time it is used. Then, with the help of heating and other methods, the average temperature rises to the minimum values ​​​​of GOST and above, after which the building is handed over and you can start using it. In principle, the temperature in the premises should not fall below the standard.

How to correctly measure the air temperature in the room:

1. In rooms where people are mostly in a sitting position (these are not only working offices, but also all residential apartments) - measurements should be made in the center of the room, taking into account the rules described above and at several height levels: 0.1; 0.6 and 1.7 meters from the floor.
2. In the premises of preschool institutions, the measurement is carried out at the following heights: 0.1; 0.4; 1.7.
3. In rooms where people walk or stand more than they sit, the air temperature is measured at 0.1; 1.1 and 1.7 meters.

The choice of a specific room for measurements depends on the type and purpose of the building itself and the premises:

• One-room apartments. Measurements should be made in two rooms of 5 square meters or more in area. In this case, the room must: either have two outer walls, or have big windows, the area of ​​​​which is 30 percent or more of the area of ​​​​the outer wall on which they are located. In reality, all one-room apartments either have such windows, or at the same time also have two outer walls, if the apartment is corner, so there are no disputes during measurements.
• For multi-room apartments, GOST establishes only a limit on the area of ​​​​rooms of 5 meters, and even then for housing on the first and upper floors. It is logical to assume that measurements can be taken in any rooms that fall under the minimum distance from heating appliances and others General requirements. Again, as in the case of one-room apartments, the measurement process according to the regulations does not cause any problems.
• In kindergartens, schools, hospitals, hotels and motels, the measurement is taken in the same place - in a corner room on the top or ground floor, potentially the coldest room in the building.
• in administrative and other public buildings measurements are carried out in each room, while in rooms with an area of ​​more than 100 square meters - in several places, in accordance with already different rules.

Procedure for low temperature in the apartment

What should be done if the air temperature in the apartment is less than 19 degrees? To begin with, take temperature measurements in accordance with the requirements of GOST, and not just by looking at a household thermometer on the wall - its readings will not be considered proof of the actual air temperature in the room. If the problem is really present, it is worth clarifying the average daily temperature in the hydrometeorological center and remembering the allowable temperature of +18 in winter time(in corner rooms temperature should be +20 and above). In summer, the temperature itself is unlikely to drop below. Most disputes arise during the off-season, when the heating is turned on too late and turned off too early.

If the apartment is still cold, you need to act as follows:

1. Contact your home management company. You should write a statement stating that in such and such an apartment the air temperature is below normal, established GOST 30494-2011 (GOST 30494-96). In the application, it is necessary to express the requirement to measure the temperature in the apartment in accordance with the same GOST 30494-96.
2. Naturally, the statement alone and the data of own measurements are not enough for proof. Soon after writing the application, a commission will arrive, which will take measurements in accordance with all the rules and determine exactly whether there is a violation of the rules and the temperature is really below normal.
3. Soon after the discovery of violations by the commission, the house management company must take some measures to increase the temperature. In most cases, the heating simply turns on or its intensity increases slightly.
4. If no action has been taken and the apartment continues to be cold, you should seek help from higher authorities: the State Housing Inspectorate, Rosportrebnadzor, municipal and regional authorities. You can contact all instances at once, which is almost guaranteed to solve the problem in the near future.

It happens that the problem with low temperatures is not associated with negligence and the desire to save money, but with real problems with the apartment and house. Poorly sealed seams, especially in corner apartments, can serve as a constant source of cold. It will be difficult to answer the question of how to increase the temperature in the apartment in winter if there is a cold bridge in the wall the size of a seam from floor to ceiling. But even in such a situation, inspection specialists should come, measure and measure everything. In the event of a discrepancy between reality and the requirements of GOST, the problem will be eliminated at the expense of the house management company - seams will be sealed and sealed, sections of walls and slabs will be repaired, if necessary. Problems in the construction of the house that cause problems for the residents are not solved at the expense of the residents in this case, so one should prove one's case in any case.

Outdoor air temperature measurement

If with the measurement of indoor temperature everything is quite clear and clearly regulated, then how to correctly measure the temperature of the air outside? There are several household ways temperature measurements, but most of them give a significant error. Due to impact solar radiation and the movement of air currents, only meteorological stations show sufficiently accurate measurement results, thanks to special conditions and measurement rules. Therefore, even in GOSTs, when determining the average temperature, they are guided by these data.

For any measurement, any device should be protected as much as possible from heat sources and carrier heat radiation, including isolated from UV-heaters.

There are several ways to measure the air temperature outside:

1. With the help of well-known mercury household appliances. It is desirable to suspend all measuring devices in the air or place them on heat-insulating materials for greater measurement accuracy. For mercury devices, the cylinder should under no circumstances touch the glass, otherwise an accurate measurement will never work. It is better not to have a thermometer meter on the south side and close it from sunlight.
2. Alcohol thermometers. For maximum measurement accuracy, they are also placed on thermal insulation material, closed from the sun and moved away from heat sources. It should be understood that the accuracy of an alcohol thermometer can vary within 3-4 degrees. To get the most accurate readings, the alcohol thermometer should be motionless without changing thermal effects for 10-15 minutes. Such a waiting time is necessary due to the high thermal inertia of alcohol devices. Outdoor temperature measurements using such devices are best done during the day or at night, when the temperature is stable and does not change during the period necessary for measurement.
3. Electronic thermometers. Modern measuring instruments that can almost instantly show the temperature on the street or in the apartment. They have many times less error than alcohol. Available for sale a wide range of a wide variety of models, with any of which will not be difficult to deal with. The only rule is that you must not touch the measuring sensor while the system is running, otherwise the device may stop working correctly.
4. Measurement with a home digital weather station. Such devices do not cost too much, although they are more expensive than analogues, but they provide much more useful information. The temperature in the street and in the apartment, atmospheric pressure, air humidity and other data are displayed, depending on the specific model.

In weather stations, the temperature is measured in several places at once, at a height of 2 meters above the ground, in meteorological booths. This option is considered the most accurate and is used everywhere. Exceptions are cases of special studies and temperature on ships. Another issue is that the data received by the meteorological service may differ by several degrees from the actual temperature in right place because of the distance between them. It turns out that in a specific place and at a specific time it is possible to obtain the ambient air temperature only with some error, albeit insignificant.

Temperature measurement in the cellar and basement

For many houses, including suburban private housing, the issue of measuring and maintaining the temperature in unheated or partially heated rooms located below ground level is relevant. This question becomes especially relevant in winter - how to correctly measure the air temperature in the basement?

To begin with, in the cellars and basements it is better to use only those thermometers that do not contain mercury in their composition. Basement floors are rarely smooth and even, and if the thermometer breaks, it will be extremely difficult to collect mercury from the surface of an uneven floor. The temperature measurement itself is best done in the middle of the room, away from hot pipes and heating appliances, at different heights - near the ground, at a height of half a meter and a meter from the floor.

Raising and lowering the air temperature in the apartment

In the event that, as a result, the temperature in the housing turned out to be normal and no violations were found near the building or on the part of the management company, the issue of warming the rooms falls on the owner of the apartment. Fortunately, today you don’t have to think for a long time how to raise the air temperature in the apartment, since it was created for this a large number of convenient solutions. You can use one of them, or you can use several at once.

1. Additional thermal insulation. Layer heat-insulating material at least on one wall - on the outside - will increase the air temperature in the room by reducing heat loss from the wall and from the heating radiator through the wall. Of the minuses - effective area the room will decrease due to a few centimeters, which will take away the insulation and the finishing layer.
2. Electronic heating appliances. Modern compact household heaters are able to heat the air in the room in a few minutes. More expensive models have a timer function and automatic temperature maintenance.
3. Split systems. They look like an air conditioner, they are also an air conditioner. Additional function is the possibility reverse work- heating the air and maintaining its required temperature.
4. Underfloor heating, radiators can be removed for removal warm air. They solve two problems at once - they increase the air temperature and heat the floor, allowing you to walk barefoot even in winter.
5. Search and elimination of cold bridges. With the help of a thermal imager, you can check where the heat leaves the apartment - through windows, cracks, joints concrete slabs and seams, building corner and so on. Having once eliminated the problem, you can not spend too much money on heating the room in the future.

If the room temperature is elevated, the reverse measures can be taken: from additional ventilation and installation of air conditioning systems to reconfiguring the heating system or other source elevated temperature. The issue of ventilation, by the way, in some cases is also regulated by GOST, especially in the northern regions. Due to heating and heat at home open windows it is rather problematic to cool the housing, and when airing, the temperature in the room does not drop below 15 degrees if the heating and all other systems are working normally. It is planned to develop new standards, according to which the air temperature in the room during ventilation for a certain time should not fall below +18 degrees (or another value to be established).

One of the main and important factors for a comfortable stay of a person is temperature. Depending on the time of year, it changes on the street, and adapting to it, we wear one or another clothes designed for this season. But sometimes it is warmer outside than at home, the air is nicer and fresher. We experience this feeling because the air temperature in the apartment is uncomfortable for us. The living room has its own microclimate, which makes your stay more comfortable. The temperature in the room, as well as outside, changes with the seasons, but in the apartment we have the ability to regulate it.

What air temperature should be in the apartment

For a comfortable stay of a person, the premises must be supported temperature norm not lower than 18 degrees Celsius. The easiest way to achieve this result is in the winter, by turning on the heaters. In summer, it is much more difficult to achieve such a temperature, with the exception of the northern territories, since the outdoor temperature is much higher than this indicator. With the development of technology, solutions such as air conditioning have become available to us. In fact, advanced and expensive versions of air conditioners can support set temperature not only by cooling the air, but also by heating.

What air temperature should be in the apartment everyone needs to know, so that if deviations are detected, you can safely operate with this information. Therefore, if in winter your house is less than 18 degrees, feel free to contact the management company and resolve this issue.

How to raise the temperature in the apartment

People ask the question of increasing the temperature in housing in the off-season or in cold weather. Various heating elements are used to raise the temperature.

• for home use, widespread got an oil cooler and an electric heater with a fan.
• For autonomous heating of an apartment, popularity is gaining gas boilers, due to the availability and cheapness of not only fuel, but also equipment.
• If your heating system is still not autonomous, then general house heating will help raise the temperature. It is connected during the period when the street norm falls below +8.

How to increase the air temperature in the apartment, everyone decides for himself. Remember only if you use additional heating appliances don't forget to ventilate the room. Anyone, even the most modern radiator eats oxygen.

How to correctly measure the air temperature in the apartment

If you decide to take temperature measurements in the room where you live, then you should know that there is GOST 30494-96 “Residential and public buildings. Indoor microclimate parameters. It describes in detail not only at what distance to take measurements, but also with what devices it is allowed to do this.

The main thing to remember: measurements are made only on internal walls, at a distance of at least one meter from the outer walls and at a height not exceeding one and a half meters from the floor level.

Among other things, the device with which temperature measurements are made must be regularly checked and meet the standards for deviations.

How to correctly measure the air temperature in the apartment and avoid errors - the necessary information if there are deviations from the norm. Therefore, we strongly recommend that you familiarize yourself with the GOST document in more detail.

Comfortable air temperature in the apartment

Undoubtedly, for each person, there is a unique temperature at which he feels comfortable. GOST set temperature plus 18 degrees. In many ways, a good atmosphere depends on the humidity of the air and the concentration of oxygen.

Comfortable air temperature in the apartment is individual for each person. Someone is hot at +18, and someone freezes at +23. How to be?

• If you have the opportunity and desire, you can purchase a special air ionizer that regulates these parameters.
• If this is not possible, then you will need to monitor the microclimate in the house by ventilating the room.
• If you do not periodically ventilate the room, then not only will your windows fog up, but you may also feel unwell.

Normal air temperature in the apartment

Temperature standards for different kind premises are different.

• The optimum temperature in the kitchen is +19 degrees. It should be borne in mind that this room warms up well due to the included appliances: gas stove, electric stove, etc.
• In the corner rooms, the temperature regime should not be lower than +20 degrees.
• In the bathrooms, the average temperature fluctuates between 22-23 degrees, due high humidity.
• In the children's room, the norm should not fall to +22. Since babies are very sensitive to temperature changes, they easily overheat and catch cold just as quickly.
• In rooms at night, the norm can range from 18 to 19 degrees Celsius.

In general, the normal air temperature in the apartment should not fall below 19 degrees even in severe frosts and may not exceed +22.

Air temperature in the apartment in winter

In winter, the temperature in the living room will differ from the norms in summer. Only one thing should be considered, it should not fall below 18 degrees. The most comfortable temperature is considered to be 20-22 degrees.

Temperature plays an important role in landing. The temperature should not fall below 15 degrees, even in the cold season. All this must be monitored by the management company. The air temperature in the apartment in winter, of course, is lower than in summer, but it should be comfortable for residents.

Monitor the microclimate in your homes and, if necessary, take action, do not let situations take their course. Your health and general atmosphere depend on a comfortable temperature.

The temperature environment in which we live and work has been of interest to scientists for centuries. Even among the monuments of ancient cultures, we find buildings built with care for the thermal comfort of its inhabitants. With the advent of the industrial revolution, researchers began to study the factors that affect the perception of temperature, as well as ways to measure them. However, despite the findings of scientists, the problem thermal comfort continues to be complex and not fully understood, although some things can be said for certain, for example, it has been established that for knowledge workers best temperature- 21 degrees.
Summer 2010 promises to be very hot in middle lane Russia. In Moscow, the first ten days of July turned out to be abnormally hot. Perhaps the length of working hours should not be reduced (although it is supposed to), but it would be advisable to take a long break in the middle of the working day (for example, from 12 to 16 hours).

SanPiN 2.2.4.548-96 Hygiene requirements to the microclimate industrial premises(October 1, 1996 N 21) - Hours of work at workplaces when the air temperature is above normal:

Factors affecting the perception of ambient temperature.

Air temperature. The easiest factor to measure.

Humidity. Heat is more difficult to bear in high humidity.

Radiated heat. Heat radiated by the sun, heaters, stoves. The human body, solid objects (furniture, equipment) heat up faster than air.

The speed of air movement. Air movement contributes to cooling.

Physical activity. The human body generates heat. As physical activity increases, heat production increases. At low air temperatures, physical activity helps to warm up, at high temperatures, on the contrary, it increases the feeling of heat.

Clothing. As a barrier between the human body and external environment, clothes protect us from heat, prevent its loss or, conversely, promote ventilation. Depending on the situation and clothing, we feel cold or warm.

Other factors. Age. Health status. Weight and body composition. The use of medicines. Alcohol consumption.

How do these factors influence how we feel?.

All of the above factors interact to influence our perception of air temperature. Examples:

• Heat in combination with high air velocity/strong winds provides thermal comfort.
• Low temperature and high air velocity cause a feeling of cold.
• high physical activity and low temperature contribute to thermal comfort.
• High physical activity and a large amount of radiated heat create a sensation of heat.

What is thermal comfort?

We can say that a person who feels thermal comfort does not think about whether he is cold or warm. A temperature-comfortable environment is the ideal working environment. In addition to greater work efficiency, the likelihood of making mistakes leading to serious consequences or an accident is reduced.

Thermal comfort is a subjective concept. What seems comfortable to one person may not suit another. Most people feel comfortable in the following conditions:

If any of these conditions is not met, it becomes necessary to improve or maintain the existing ones. For example, in the absence of air movement, you need to lower the temperature.

Many industrial and office buildings cannot provide a comfortable temperature environment for their employees. The issue of thermal comfort in a building must be considered at the design stage.

How to make the temperature more comfortable?

Lowering the temperature with...

• air conditioner . Many consider air conditioning the perfect way creating a comfortable atmosphere indoors, especially in summer.
• ventilation. Ventilating indoor air helps eliminate bacteria and pollutants.
• Airing the room .

Increasing the temperature with...

• heaters . Heaters - the most easy way increase the air temperature.

Increase in air humidity.

Often the humidity level in the premises is below the level comfortable for a person, especially during heating season. To increase the level of humidity, there are special devices - humidifiers. Ventilation also helps to achieve normal humidity levels.

Increasing/decreasing air speed

In hot weather, increasing the speed of air movement with the help of fans creates a feeling of coolness. Conversely, the elimination of drafts, the reduction of air movement contributes to the preservation of heat.

Physical activity control.

During the summer, try to minimize physical activity during the hot hours of the day, transferring work to the morning or evening.

Optimal choice clothes.

Try to dress appropriately for the weather.

Note:

* For public and administrative premises with permanent residence of people, the allowable temperature is not more than 28 ° C, and for areas with an estimated outside air temperature of 25 ° C and above - not more than 33 ° C.

** For public and administrative premises with people in street clothes, the permissible temperature is 14 ° C.

The norms are set for people who are indoors for more than 2 hours and continuously.

Air temperature standards working area production facilities are regulated by State Standard 12.1.005-88 “General sanitary and hygienic requirements for the air of the working area”, depending on the season (cold, warm) and the category of work (light, moderate, heavy).

So, the optimal temperature standards during the cold period are set within 21-24 ° C when performing easy work and 16-19 o C when doing hard work. In the warm period, these intervals are respectively 22-25 ° C and 18-22 ° C. The permissible maximum temperature in the warm period is not more than 30 ° C, the minimum in the cold period is 13 ° C.

Annex 2

Determination of radiation temperature and wall temperature.

Ball thermometers are used to determine the radiation temperature in rooms, and wall thermometers are used to determine the temperature of the walls (Fig. 6.1. a, b)

Ball thermometer consists of a thermometer placed in a hollow ball with a diameter of 10-15 cm, covered with a ball of porous polyurethane foam, a material that has infrared radiation adsorption coefficients close to those of human skin.

Determination of radiation temperature is also carried out at levels of 0.2 and 1.5 m from the floor.

The device has a significant inertia (up to 15 minutes), so the thermometer readings are taken no earlier than this time.

Under comfortable microclimate conditions, the difference in the readings of a ball thermometer at levels of 0.2; 1.5 m does not exceed 3 ○ C.

Rice. 6.1. Thermometers for measuring radiation temperature

a - Spherical black thermometer in section

(1 - scale with a diameter of 15 cm, covered with matte black paint;

2 - Thermometer with a reservoir in the center of the ball)

b - Wall thermometer with a flat spirally curved tank

(1 - thermometer; 2 - base cover (foam rubber); 3 - adhesive tape)

table 2

Normative values ​​of radiation temperatures for different rooms

To determine the temperature of the walls of the room, special wall thermometers are used with a flat, spirally curved tank, which is attached to the wall with a special putty (wax with the addition of rosin) or alabaster. The temperature of the walls is also determined at levels of 0.2 and 1.5 m from the floor. In some cases, it becomes necessary to determine the temperature of the most chilled sections of the walls.

High levels of infrared radiation in the hot shops of enterprises are measured using actinometers and expressed in µcal/cm 2 .min.